Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support
2 Chronicles 31:2-21
2 C.31.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- מחלקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- על: PREP
- מחלקותם: NOUN,f,pl,3,m,prsuf
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כפי: PREP
- עבדתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וללוים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולשלמים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לשרת: VERB,qal,inf
- ולהדות: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ולהלל: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בשערי: PREP
- מחנות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:34 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and action in Hezekiah’s earlier reform—setting priests and Levites by divisions for burnt and peace offerings, service, thanksgiving and praise in the house of the LORD.
- 1 Chronicles 24:1–6 (structural): Records the formal division of the priesthood into courses (by lot) to determine priestly service—parallels the organization of priests 'according to their service.'
- 1 Chronicles 23:4 (thematic): David 'set the Levites before the priests... to be ministers'—similar assignment of Levites to assist, serve and minister alongside priests in cultic duties.
- 1 Chronicles 25:1 (thematic): David and the chiefs appoint the singers and musicians 'to give thanks'—parallels the emphasis on organized thanksgiving and praise as part of Levitical service.
- Nehemiah 12:44–47 (structural): Postexilic arrangement of singers, porters and ministers with assigned duties and portions daily—echoes the institutional reordering of temple personnel for worship and thanksgiving.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah set the divisions of the priests and of the Levites in their offices, each according to his service to the priests and the Levites—for burnt offerings and peace offerings—to minister, to give thanks, and to praise at the gateways of the LORD’s courtyards.
2 C.31.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומנת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- רכושו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
- לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והעלות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- לשבתות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ולחדשים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולמעדים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ככתוב: ADV
- בתורת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 28–29 (quotation): Detailed legal prescriptions for the daily burnt offerings (morning and evening), Sabbath offerings, New Moon offerings, and the appointed feasts — the Torah material that 2 Chr 31:3 invokes (‘as written in the Law of the LORD’).
- Exodus 29:38-42 (verbal): Specifies the continual burnt offering ‘morning and evening,’ language that corresponds closely to the phrase העלת הבקר והערב in 2 Chr 31:3.
- Leviticus 23:1-4 (thematic): Gives the canonical listing of the Sabbath and the appointed feasts (moedim), matching the categories (שבתות, חדשים, מעדים) cited in 2 Chr 31:3.
- 2 Chronicles 29:31-36 (structural): Immediate parallel within the Hezekiah account: describes the reestablishment of regular offerings and festival observance under Hezekiah, providing the broader narrative context for the king’s provision in 2 Chr 31:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the king apportioned from his own possessions a portion for the burnt offerings, morning by morning and evening, and for the offerings on the Sabbaths and on the new moons and on the appointed feasts, as it is written in the law of the LORD.
2 C.31.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעם: PREP
- ליושבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- מנת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למען: PREP
- יחזקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בתורת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:21-24 (verbal): Establishes the principle that the Levites/priestly servants are to receive the portions/tithes of the people as their inheritance so they can serve—direct legal basis for giving portions to priests and Levites.
- Deuteronomy 18:1-8 (thematic): Specifies the priests' and Levites' right to eat of the offerings and to be supported by the community because they have no territorial inheritance—same rationale for providing for them.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (structural): Records that the people brought contributions for the singers, gatekeepers and Levites so they could perform their service—parallel practical arrangement in postexilic Jerusalem.
- Nehemiah 13:10-14 (allusion): Describes the problem when Levites were not given their portions and thus had to abandon temple duties—contrasts with Hezekiah's reforms to ensure provision.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): Calls Israel to bring tithes and offerings into the storehouse so priests/temple work can be sustained—echoes the obligation to support priestly service.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he commanded the people who dwelt in Jerusalem to give the portion for the priests and the Levites, so that they might be strengthened in the law of the LORD.
2 C.31.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפרץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הרבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תירוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודבש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- תבואת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- שדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומעשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- לרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 27:30 (verbal): Declares the tithe/firstfruits of the land as holy to the LORD—language and legal idea behind bringing firstfruits and tithes.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-11 (thematic): Instructions for bringing the firstfruits of the harvest to the priest and declaring God’s provision—ritual and theological parallel to bringing produce as offerings.
- Proverbs 3:9 (verbal): “Honor the LORD with your wealth and with the firstfruits of all your produce” — direct ethical exhortation to give firstfruits like the Chronicle’s description.
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (structural): Community commitment to bring firstfruits, tithes and offerings to the house of God and to storehouses—practical/administrative parallel to Hezekiah’s organization of contributions.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): Challenge to bring tithes into the storehouse and promise of blessing—addresses the same concern of bringing tithes/firstfruits to God’s service as in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- When this matter spread, the people of Israel brought abundance—firstfruits of grain, new wine, oil, honey, and all the produce of the field—and the tithe of all they brought in abundance.
2 C.31.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היושבים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl,def
- בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- גם: ADV
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- מעשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצאן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומעשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- המקדשים: VERB,hiph,part,-,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
- ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ערמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ערמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 27:30-33 (verbal): Prescribes the tithe of the land, including 'of the herd and of the flock'—direct legal basis for tithing animals as in 2 Chr 31:6.
- Numbers 18:25-28 (structural): Sets out the system by which the Israelites’ tithes (including livestock) are given to the Levites and become holy to the LORD, paralleling the allocation and consecration language of 2 Chr 31:6.
- Deuteronomy 14:22-29 (thematic): Treats tithes of produce and livestock, their use for worship and for Levites/strangers, reflecting the social and cultic purposes behind the tithe described in 2 Chr 31:6.
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (structural): Describes the postexilic practice of bringing contributions, firstfruits and tithes into the house of God/storehouses—parallel to the people of Judah bringing tithes and heaping them up in 2 Chr 31:6.
- Malachi 3:10 (thematic): Calls for bringing the full tithe into the storehouse so there will be food in God's house—echoes the obligation and practical outcome of bringing tithes described in 2 Chr 31:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- The people of Israel and Judah who lived in the cities of Judah also brought tithes of cattle and sheep and the holy tithes devoted to the LORD their God, and piled them in heaps.
2 C.31.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- השלשי: NUM,ord,m,sg,def
- החלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הערמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ליסוד: PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובחדש: CONJ,PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:17-35 (structural): Same Hezekiah/temple-reform narrative: describes the cleansing, consecration and sacrificial activity in specified months — provides the earlier timetable and liturgical context for the works summarized in 2 Chr 31:7.
- 2 Chronicles 31:6 (verbal): Immediate chapter parallel: describes the gathering and apportioning of offerings and provision for priests/Levites and leads directly to the statement about when the heaps/foundations were begun and completed.
- Ezra 3:8 (verbal): Post-exilic account of laying the foundation of the house of God with a month specified — parallels the language and theme of beginning foundation-work of a sacred structure in a particular month.
- Nehemiah 6:15 (thematic): Reports the timely completion of a public/ religious construction (the city wall) within a set period — thematically parallels 2 Chr 31:7’s report that the work begun in one month was finished in another.
- Leviticus 23:15-16 (thematic): Prescribes the counting and observance that determine the third-month festival (Shavuot); connects to the significance of the third month in Israel’s cultic calendar, which helps explain why the timing in 2 Chr 31:7 would be noted.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the third month the heaps began to be laid up, and by the seventh month they were finished.
2 C.31.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והשרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הערמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ויברכו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 31:10-12 (structural): Immediate context: the priests and Levites are organized to receive and distribute the contributions; continues the scene of seeing the 'heaps' of offerings and organizing blessings and provision.
- 2 Chronicles 30:18-20 (thematic): Hezekiah's earlier reform and public worship where Levites praise the LORD and the people are blessed—similar motif of royal leadership prompting public blessing of God and Israel.
- Nehemiah 12:43-47 (structural): Describes the organized provision for priests and Levites, public celebration and giving so that the house of God is supplied—parallels the administrative and cultic response to large offerings and the resulting praise/blessing.
- 1 Chronicles 29:10-13 (thematic): David's prayer of praise and thanksgiving for abundant offerings and provision; parallels the leaders' blessing of the LORD and his people in response to plentiful contributions.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah and the officials came and saw the heaps and blessed the LORD and his people Israel.
2 C.31.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידרש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- על: PREP
- הערמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 31:11-12 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: after inquiring of the priests and Levites about the storeheaps, Hezekiah and the princes organize distribution and the people bring abundant contributions.
- 2 Chronicles 31:2-6 (structural): Earlier elements of the same reform movement—commands to the people to bring offerings and to reestablish support for priests and Levites—provide the background for the inquiry about the temple heaps.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20-28 (thematic): Lists officials charged with oversight of the treasuries and storerooms of the house of the LORD; parallels the administrative concern in 2 Chr 31:9 for investigating and managing the temple heaps.
- Nehemiah 10:37 (thematic): Part of the postexilic commitment to bring tithes and offerings 'into the storerooms' of the house of God; echoes the same concern for gathering and accounting for temple provisions reflected in Hezekiah’s inquiry.
- Malachi 3:10 (verbal): Calls for bringing 'all the tithes into the storehouse' and testing God’s provision—language and theme of storehouses/treasuries parallel Hezekiah’s investigation of the temple heaps and their proper support.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hezekiah inquired of the priests and the Levites concerning the heaps.
2 C.31.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מהחל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התרומה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לביא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אכול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושבוע: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- והותר: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- עד: PREP
- לרוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ברך: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA,NA
- את: PRT,acc
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והנותר: ADJ,ptc,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- ההמון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 18:1-5 (thematic): Declares that the priests and Levites have no land inheritance because the LORD is their inheritance, and that they are to receive the people's offerings and tithes as their portion—paralleling the idea that sacred contributions sustain the temple servants.
- Deuteronomy 12:17-18 (thematic): Commands that tithes and firstfruits be eaten before the LORD in the chosen place so the people may rejoice and be satisfied—echoing 2 Chr 31:10’s link between giving to the house of the LORD and provision/abundance.
- Malachi 3:10 (thematic): Calls Israel to bring the full tithe into the storehouse so there may be food in God's house and promises divine blessing in response—closely related to 2 Chr 31:10’s connection between temple contributions and the LORD’s blessing on the people.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (structural): Reports that Levites were appointed to be in the charge of the treasuries of the house of God and that tithes were brought into the storerooms—paralleling 2 Chr 31’s institutional arrangement for receiving and distributing sacred gifts.
- 1 Chronicles 23:29-32 (thematic): Describes the assignment of portions and daily provisions for the Levites and their service, showing the same system whereby offerings/tithes provide sustenance for temple personnel as in 2 Chr 31:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Azariah the chief priest of the house of Zadok answered him, “From the first of the bringing of the offering to the house of the LORD there has been food enough and satisfaction; and there remains more than enough— for the LORD has blessed his people; the remnant is very great.”
2 C.31.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להכין: VERB,hiph,inf
- לשכות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויכינו: VERB,hif,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:11 (structural): Same Hezekiah narrative in Chronicles — he commands Levites to sanctify and prepares the temple for service; closely related stage of temple restoration and organization.
- 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Parallel account of Hezekiah’s reforms in Kings — removal of idolatrous sites and restoration of proper worship, providing the broader reform context for preparing temple chambers.
- 1 Kings 6:5-8 (verbal): Solomon’s description of building chambers/rooms around the house of the Lord echoes the language and concept of preparing rooms in the temple building.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20-28 (structural): Passage describing the treasuries, rooms, and administrative arrangements for the house of the LORD and Levites’ duties — parallels Hezekiah’s organizing and provisioning of temple spaces.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah said, “Prepare rooms in the house of the LORD,” and they prepared them.
2 C.31.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויביאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- התרומה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והמעשר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקדשים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- באמונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועליהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,pl
- נגיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כנניהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושמעי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:21-24 (thematic): Establishes the principle that the Levites receive the tithe and portions brought by the people — background law for bringing tithes, offerings and dedicated things to Levites (the practice described in 2 Chr 31:12).
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (structural): Community reform language requiring the people to bring tithes and firstfruits into the storerooms of the house of God and to give them to the Levites and priests — parallels the organized collection and delivery of offerings in 2 Chr 31.12.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (verbal): Speaks of bringing the offerings, firstfruits and tithes into the storerooms and assigning them to the Levites and priests — closely parallels the concrete practice and wording of bringing contributions into the chambers.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20-28 (structural): Lists officers, treasurers and Levites put over the treasuries and storerooms of the house of the Lord — parallels the appointment of Levites (Conaniah and others) to supervise the receiving and keeping of offerings in 2 Chr 31:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- They brought in the offerings, the tithes, and the consecrated things faithfully; and over them were made officials—Conaniah the Levite and Shimei his brother were supervisors.
2 C.31.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועזזיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונחת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועשהאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וירימות: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויוזבד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואליאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויסמכיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחת: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובניהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פקידים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מיד: PREP
- כנניהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמעי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- במפקד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועזריהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 31:12 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse lists the appointment and duties of priests and Levites under Hezekiah, of which v.13 continues the roster of officers.
- 2 Chronicles 29:11 (thematic): Earlier Hezekiah reform narrative where the king summons priests and Levites to cleanse and organize the house of the LORD—Parallels the organization and leadership roles manifested in 31:13.
- Nehemiah 10:38 (thematic): Post-exilic reform concerning the appointment and provision for priests and Levites (tithes and storehouse); thematically parallels the administrative/levitical arrangements found in 2 Chr 31:13.
- 1 Chronicles 9:22 (structural): Lists gatekeepers and Levites by name and office in the temple service—structurally similar to 2 Chr 31:13’s cataloging of temple officers and their duties.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jehiel and Azaziah and Nethanel and Asahel and Jerimoth and Jozabad and Eliel and Ismachiah and Mahath and Benaiah were officers under Conaniah and his brothers, by the registration of King Hezekiah and Azariah the overseer of the house of God.
2 C.31.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וקורא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ימנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השוער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למזרחה: PREP
- על: PREP
- נדבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- תרומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וקדשי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 26:20 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel — gatekeepers/Levites set at the east over the freewill offerings to give the LORD’s contributions and the holy things (same function and wording).
- 1 Chronicles 9:22-27 (structural): Lists gatekeepers and their duties in Jerusalem, including custody/distribution of temple goods and provision for priests and Levites — comparable administrative role to the Levite in 2 Chr 31:14.
- Numbers 18:21-24 (thematic): Legal background for the verse: statutes assigning tithes and holy things to the Levites and describing how sacred dues are to be handled and given to priests/Levites.
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (thematic): Postexilic commitment to bring the firstfruits/priests’ portions into the house of God and to deposit them in the priests’/Levites’ storehouse — echoes the organized collection and distribution of sacred gifts described in 2 Chr 31:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Kore son of Imnah, the Levite, the gatekeeper to the east, was over the freewill offerings of God, to distribute the contributions of the LORD and the most holy things.
2 C.31.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- ומנימן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישוע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמעיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושכניהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- באמונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לאחיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,suff3mp
- במחלקות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כגדול: PREP+ADJ,m,sg
- כקטן: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 31:12 (verbal): Immediate context: repeats the same officers and describes priests and Levites in their cities, faithful to distribute to their brethren — closely parallels wording and function in v.15.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (thematic): Speaks of preparing and organizing for the sons of Aaron because of the divisions of the priests and Levites — parallels the administrative arrangement for giving portions to priestly families.
- 1 Chronicles 23:28 (thematic): Notes the establishment of divisions among Levites for ministering in the LORD's service — reflects the same system of organized, divided duties and support.
- Numbers 18:21-24 (thematic): Legal/background parallel: prescribes the Levites' support from the Israelites (tithes and portions) and their role in ministering, providing the law-formal basis for the distributions described in 2 Chr 31.
Alternative generated candidates
- And with him were Eden, Minjamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah in the cities of the priests—faithful to give to their brothers in their divisions, both great and small.
2 C.31.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלבד: PREP
- התיחשם: VERB,hithpael,perf,3,m,pl
- לזכרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלוש: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ולמעלה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- הבא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לדבר: INF,qal
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביומו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m
- לעבודתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- במשמרותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- כמחלקותיהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 23:24-32 (structural): Describes David’s organization of the Levites into courses and duties for temple service (appointments by age and division), paralleling the assignment “to serve day by day in their divisions.”
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-6 (structural): Records the division of priests into courses (lots) to serve in the house of the LORD—parallel emphasis on ordered, rotational priestly/Levitical service.
- Numbers 8:24-26 (verbal): Gives age regulations for Levites entering service (from twenty-five years, later adjusted), paralleling 31:16’s concern with minimum age for temple service.
- 1 Chronicles 15:16-24 (thematic): Shows David appointing Levites and singers “to minister before the ark” and organizing daily liturgical service—similar focus on assigned, day-by-day worship duties.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (structural): Speaks of singers, gatekeepers and others doing their work in their divisions by prescribed order—echoes the Chronicler’s note that men were set ‘in their divisions’ to minister day by day in the house of the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Besides the register of the males from three years old and upward— for all who came to the house of the LORD to do service day by day in their duties, according to their divisions.
2 C.31.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- התיחש: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבותיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מבן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולמעלה: CONJ+ADV
- במשמרותיהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,mp
- במחלקותיהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,mp
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 23:24 (verbal): Direct parallel — David organizes the Levites 'from twenty years old and upward' for temple service, matching the age-setting and duties in 2 Chron 31:17.
- Numbers 8:24-25 (allusion): Gives an earlier priestly/Levite age-regulation (from twenty-five years for service, later reduced in practice); 2 Chr 31:17 echoes the Torah's concern with age-qualifications for Levitical service.
- Numbers 4:3 (allusion): Specifies age-limits for Levites assigned to the service of the tent (traditionally 30–50 for certain tasks), providing an OT legal background to the age-based assignment in 2 Chr 31:17.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (thematic): Describes Levites and priests carrying out their assigned duties and divisions for temple service 'according to the commandment of David,' reflecting the ongoing implementation of the divisional/age-based organization seen in 2 Chr 31:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priests were numbered by their ancestral houses, and the Levites from twenty years old and upward were numbered in their duties, by their divisions.
2 C.31.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולהתיחש: CONJ+PREP+VERB,hitpael,inf
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טפם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,prsfx=3mp
- נשיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,prsfx=3mp
- ובניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
- ובנותיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
- לכל: PREP
- קהל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- באמונתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
- יתקדשו: VERB,hitp,impf,3,pl
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 31:3-5 (structural): Immediate context of Hezekiah’s reforms: the people bring abundant offerings and the king appoints priests and Levites and storerooms — same program of consecration and support for temple service to which families are sanctified.
- 1 Chronicles 23:3-4 (thematic): David sets apart the Levites and their households for the service of the LORD, paralleling the sanctification of sons, daughters and wives for cultic service in Hezekiah’s reform.
- Ezra 6:17-18 (allusion): After the temple’s restoration worshippers dedicate offerings and assign portions to priests and Levites and their needs are provided for — similar language of consecration and provision for priests’ households.
- Leviticus 27:28-29 (verbal): Law on things devoted to the LORD remaining holy — echoes the idea of persons/possessions being 'sanctified' (קדש) and provisionally set apart because of covenant faithfulness.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they included all their little ones, their wives, their sons, and their daughters in every assembly, for by their faithfulness they were sanctified.
2 C.31.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בשדי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- מגרש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עריהם: NOUN,f,pl,poss:3mp
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,const
- אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נקבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- בשמות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- מנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לכל: PREP
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התיחש: VERB,hitp,ptcp,m,sg
- בלוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:21-24 (verbal): Establishes the priestly and Levitical right to portions/tithes in Israel and explains that the Levites/priests are to receive these portions in return for their service—background law for the distributions mentioned in 2 Chr 31:19.
- Deuteronomy 18:1-2 (thematic): States that the priests (Levites) shall have no inheritance among the people and therefore shall eat of the offerings and portions—provides the legal/theological rationale for assigning portions to named priests as in 2 Chr 31:19.
- Nehemiah 13:10-12 (structural): Describes the problem and restoration of provisions for the Levites and priests—tithes were collected and given to the Levites so they could perform their duties, paralleling Hezekiah’s organization to supply priests and Levites their portions.
- 1 Chronicles 23:28-32 (allusion): Outlines the organization, duties, and provision/distribution for the Levites by lot and by families—parallels the administrative ordering and named enrollment of priests and Levites and provision of portions in 2 Chr 31:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the sons of Aaron, the priests, he allotted the fields of their suburbs in every city—men who were named—to give portions to every male among the priests and to all the registered Levites.
2 C.31.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כזאת: DEM,f,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- והישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- והאמת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:3 (verbal): Same subject (Hezekiah) and similar wording — he “did what was right in the sight of the LORD,” paralleling Chronicles’ report of his good and upright conduct.
- 2 Chronicles 31:21 (structural): Immediate literary continuation in the same chapter: because he did what was good and true, “the LORD was with him” and he prospered — showing result of his righteousness.
- Deuteronomy 6:18 (verbal): Near‑verbatim legal formula: “do that which is right and good in the sight of the LORD,” providing the Torah background for describing royal obedience as ‘good’ and ‘right.’
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes what God requires — to do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly — thematically echoing the Chronicle’s praise of acting rightly, truly, and well before the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus Hezekiah did throughout Judah; he acted with that which was good and right and faithful before the LORD his God.
2 C.31.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP
- מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בעבודת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובתורה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובמצוה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- לאלהיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והצליח: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:5-7 (thematic): Describes Hezekiah’s wholehearted trust in the LORD and the resulting success and deliverance — parallels the report that he sought God with all his heart and prospered.
- Psalm 119:2 (verbal): 'Blessed are those who keep his testimonies, who seek him with their whole heart' — closely echoes the language of seeking God with one's whole heart in connection with obedience to the law.
- Deuteronomy 6:5 (thematic): Command to love/serve the LORD with all one's heart and soul — provides the covenantal/torah background for doing God's work 'with all his heart' to seek God.
- Proverbs 16:3 (structural): 'Commit your work to the LORD, and your plans will be established' — parallels the connection between devoted service to God and subsequent success/prosperity reported of Hezekiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in every work that he began for the service of the house of God, in the law and in the commandment to seek the LORD his God, he did it with all his heart, and he prospered.
And Hezekiah appointed the divisions of the priests and the Levites in their courses, each according to his service—priests and Levites for the burnt offerings and the peace offerings—to minister, to give thanks, and to praise at the courts and gates of the LORD's habitation. And the king's portion from his own possessions for the burnt offerings— the morning and the evening offerings, and the offerings for the Sabbaths, for the new moons, and for the appointed feasts—according to what is written in the law of the LORD. And he said to the people who dwelt in Jerusalem, "Give the portion to the priests and the Levites, that they may be strengthened in the law of the LORD." And when this matter began, the people of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of grain, wine, oil, honey, and all the produce of the field; and they brought in abundance the tithes.
Also the men of Israel and of Judah who lived in the cities of Judah brought tithes of oxen and sheep, and the tithes of holy things which were consecrated to the LORD their God; and they piled them in heaps.
In the third month they began to lay the heaps, and by the seventh month they were finished.
Then Hezekiah and the princes went and saw the heaps, and blessed the LORD and his people Israel. And Hezekiah inquired of the priests and the Levites concerning the heaps. And Azariah the chief priest, son of Zadok, answered him, "From the first of the contributions that were brought into the house of the LORD there is food enough and to spare; for the LORD has blessed his people, and this abundance remains."
Then Hezekiah commanded that storerooms be prepared in the house of the LORD; and they prepared them. And they faithfully brought in the offerings and the tithes and the devoted things; and over them were Cananyahu the Levite and Shimei his brother, who were overseers.
Also Uriel, Azariah, Nethanel, Amasai, Zechariah, Jeiel, and Shemaiah were officers under Cananyahu and his brothers in the registration made by King Hezekiah and by Azariah the overseer of the house of God. And Maaseiah the son of Yimnah, the Levite, the gatekeeper on the east, called for the voluntary offerings to give the LORD's portion and the most holy things.
By his hand were Eden, Minjamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah—faithful men in the cities of the priests—to give to their brothers in their divisions, both great and small.
Besides, the census was taken of the males from three years old and upward, for all who came to the house of the LORD to perform their work in their duties, according to their courses, day by day. But the priests were registered by their ancestral houses, and the Levites from twenty years old and upward were assigned to their duties in their divisions. And the whole company of those who were reckoned—children, their wives, their sons and daughters—were numbered for all the congregation, for by their faithfulness they were sanctified. And to the sons of Aaron the priests were given fields and a plot of land for their cities in every city; and men were assigned by name in every field to give portions to every male among the priests and to all who were registered as Levites. Thus Hezekiah did throughout all Judah; he did what was good and right and faithful before the LORD his God. And in every work that he began for the service of the house of God, in the law and in the commandment to seek the LORD his God, he did it with all his heart; and he prospered.