Jesus Laments over Jerusalem
Luke 13:31-35
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Luke.13.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εν: PREP
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- προσηλθαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τινες: PRON,nom,pl,m
- Φαρισαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,masc
- αυτω·Εξελθε: PRON,dat,sg,3 + VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- πορευου: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,sg
- εντευθεν: ADV
- οτι: CONJ
- Ηρωδης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- θελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
- αποκτειναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 2:13 (thematic): Herod seeks the life of the child Jesus after the Magi visit — parallels Herod's hostile intent to kill Jesus in Luke 13:31 (similar threat from a Herod figure).
- Mark 6:14-29 (thematic): Herod Antipas's awareness of Jesus and his history of ordering John the Baptist's execution—shows Herod's interest in and capacity for lethal action toward prophetic figures. (Contextual parallel to Herod wanting Jesus killed.)
- Matthew 12:14 (verbal): The Pharisees plot to destroy Jesus after his healings—parallels the political/religious threats against Jesus' life reported in Luke 13:31.
- Luke 23:8 (structural): Herod Antipas questions Jesus during Jesus' trial in Jerusalem—another episode where Herod is directly involved with Jesus, linking Luke's narrative portrayal of Herod's interest in Jesus.
- John 11:47-53 (thematic): The Jewish leaders (Caiaphas and the council) conclude that Jesus must die to protect the nation—another instance of religious and political actors plotting Jesus' death, thematically parallel to the warning about Herod in Luke 13:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, "Get away—depart from here; for Herod intends to kill you."
- Then some of the Pharisees came and said to him, "Depart—go on your way; for Herod seeks to kill you."
Luke.13.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Πορευθεντες: PRO,dat,3,pl + PART,aor,pass,nom,pl,m
- ειπατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- αλωπεκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ταυτη·Ιδου: DEM,dat,sg,f+INTJ
- εκβαλλω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- δαιμονια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- ιασεις: VERB,fut,mid,ind,1,sg
- αποτελω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- σημερον: ADV
- και: CONJ
- αυριον: ADV
- και: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- τριτη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- τελειουμαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- Hosea 6:2 (allusion): The phrase about the 'third day' echoes Hosea 6:2's language of revival on the third day, a background for Jesus' 'on the third day I finish' motif.
- Luke 9:22 (verbal): Luke's explicit prediction of the Son of Man rising on the third day parallels the 'third day' timing in 13:32 and links the saying to Jesus' passion/resurrection timetable.
- Luke 11:20 (verbal): Both verses present exorcism/healing as evidence of God's power at work through Jesus ('I cast out demons'), underscoring the kingdom-authority dimension of his miracles.
- Matthew 12:28 (thematic): Matthew's wording that Jesus drives out demons by the Spirit of God parallels Luke 13:32's claim to cast out demons and heal, connecting exorcism to kingdom arrival and authority.
- Luke 4:18 (thematic): Luke's summary of Jesus' mission—proclaiming good news, healing, and setting captives free—situates the 13:32 reference to healing and demon-casting within his inaugurated mission.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said to them, "Go and tell that fox, 'Behold, I cast out demons and heal today and tomorrow, and on the third day my work will be accomplished.'"
- He replied, "Go and tell that fox, 'Behold, I cast out demons and heal people today and tomorrow, and on the third day my work is completed.'"
Luke.13.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- πλην: PREP
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- σημερον: ADV
- και: CONJ
- αυριον: ADV
- και: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εχομενη: PART,pres,act,dat,sg,f
- πορευεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- οτι: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ενδεχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- προφητην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- απολεσθαι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- εξω: ADV
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 23:37 (allusion): Jesus laments Jerusalem’s history of killing prophets—'Jerusalem...kills the prophets'—echoing the claim that a prophet cannot perish outside Jerusalem.
- Matthew 23:34 (thematic): Jesus declares he will send prophets, wise men and scribes, some of whom will be killed by Jerusalem—paralleling the statement that prophets meet death in Jerusalem.
- Luke 11:47-51 (thematic): Earlier in Luke Jesus accuses his opponents (and their fathers) of killing the prophets and building their tombs—same motif of prophets’ persecution tied to Jerusalem.
- Acts 7:52 (allusion): Stephen recounts Israel’s pattern of persecuting and killing the prophets who foretold the Righteous One, echoing the motif that prophets suffer at the hands of Jerusalem’s inhabitants.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet it is necessary for me to go on my way today and tomorrow and the next day; for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem.
- Yet it is necessary that I continue my journey today and tomorrow and the next day; for it is impossible for a prophet to be destroyed outside Jerusalem.
Luke.13.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αποκτεινουσα: VERB,pres,act,part,f,nom,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- προφητας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- λιθοβολουσα: VERB,pres,act,part,f,nom,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- απεσταλμενους: VERB,perf,pass,part,acc,pl,m
- προς: PREP
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- ποσακις: ADV
- ηθελησα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- επισυναξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- τροπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ορνις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εαυτης: PRON,gen,sg,f
- νοσσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- υπο: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- πτερυγας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ηθελησατε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 23:37 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel: the same lament 'Jerusalem, Jerusalem' with identical accusations ('kills the prophets and stones those sent') and the same maternal image of gathering under wings.
- Luke 19:41-44 (thematic): Jesus weeps over Jerusalem and predicts its destruction because it did not recognize the time of God's visitation—same theme of lament over the city's rejection and impending judgment.
- Acts 7:52 (verbal): Stephen's speech echoes the charge that Israel's ancestors persecuted and killed the prophets and stoned those sent—repeating the accusation found in Luke 13:34.
- Isaiah 31:5 (thematic): Uses a bird/wing image of divine protection over Jerusalem ('like birds hovering...'), paralleling the hen‑gathering metaphor's theme of God's desire to gather and shelter the city.
Alternative generated candidates
- "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her! How often I longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!
- Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you—how often I longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing.
Luke.13.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ιδου: PART
- αφιεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- οικος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- δε: CONJ
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ιδητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- εως: CONJ
- ηξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- οτε: CONJ
- ειπητε·Ευλογημενος: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ερχομενος: PART,pres,mid,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 23:37-39 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and context: Jesus laments Jerusalem ('your house is left to you desolate') and says they will not see him until they say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'
- Matthew 21:9 (verbal): Triumphal-entry acclamation: the crowd shouts 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord,' the same formula Jesus says will be spoken before they see him again.
- Psalm 118:25-26 (quotation): The source of the phrase 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD'; New Testament uses this psalmic greeting of welcome and messianic acclamation.
- Luke 19:41-44 (thematic): Jesus weeps over Jerusalem and predicts its destruction (desolation) — thematically parallel to 'your house is left to you desolate' in 13:35.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, your house is left to you desolate. And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'"
- Behold, your house is left to you desolate. For I tell you, you will not see me until you say, 'Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord.'"
At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, 'Get away from here and go—Herod intends to kill you.'
He said to them, 'Go and tell that fox, “Behold, I cast out demons and heal today and tomorrow, and on the third day I complete my course.”'
Nevertheless I must go on my way today, tomorrow, and the next day; for it is not fitting that a prophet should perish outside Jerusalem.
Jerusalem, Jerusalem! You who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you—how often I desired to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing.
Behold, your house is left to you desolate. For I tell you, you will not see me until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'