Isaiah's Vision and Commission
Isaiah 6:1-13
Isa.6.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואראה: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,com,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כסא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רם: ADJ,m,sg
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ושוליו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- מלאים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ההיכל: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 22:19 (verbal): Micaiah’s vision: “I saw the LORD sitting on his throne,” a close verbal parallel to Isaiah’s opening formula of a prophetic throne-vision.
- Ezekiel 1:26–28 (thematic): Ezekiel’s vision of the divine throne and radiant glory parallels Isaiah’s enthronement-theophany and the heavenly, awe-filled setting of God’s presence.
- Revelation 4:2–3 (allusion): John’s vision of a throne in heaven and One seated upon it echoes the throne-vision motif (divine sovereignty, heavenly court imagery) found in Isaiah 6.
- 1 Kings 8:10–11 (structural): When Solomon’s dedication is accompanied by a cloud filling the temple, it echoes Isaiah’s note that the Lord’s train filled the temple—both signal God’s manifest presence filling the sanctuary.
- 2 Chronicles 26:22–23 (structural): The Chronicler’s report of King Uzziah’s death provides the historical-synchronizing note (“in the year that King Uzziah died”) that frames Isaiah’s vision.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the year that King Uzziah died I saw the LORD sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and the hem of his robe filled the temple.
- In the year that King Uzziah died I saw the LORD seated upon a high and lofty throne, and the train of his robe filled the temple.
Isa.6.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שרפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עמדים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- ממעל: ADV
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כנפים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כנפים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לאחד: PREP
- בשתים: PREP+NUM,card,2,f
- יכסה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
- ובשתים: CONJ+PREP+NUM,card,f,sg
- יכסה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
- ובשתים: CONJ+PREP+NUM,card,f,sg
- יעופף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezek.1:6-11 (verbal): Ezekiel's living creatures are described with a threefold wing-arrangement (two wings joined, two covering the body, two for flying) — language and wing-function closely parallel Isaiah's seraphim.
- Rev.4:8 (verbal): Each of the four living creatures in Revelation is said to have six wings and to cry 'Holy,' echoing the six-winged heavenly beings and their praise in Isaiah 6:2–3.
- Exod.25:20; 37:9 (thematic): The cherubim on the mercy seat are described with wings that stretch out to overshadow/cover, reflecting the motif of wings used to cover (face/body) in Isaiah 6:2.
- 2 Chron.3:10-13 (thematic): Solomon's temple contained great cherubim with outstretched wings overshadowing the inner sanctuary — an architectural/ritual echo of the heavenly winged creatures that guard and honor God's throne.
Alternative generated candidates
- Above him stood seraphim; each had six wings: with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.
- Above him stood the seraphim; each had six wings—six wings to each: with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.
Isa.6.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וקרא: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כבודו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 4:8 (quotation): The four living creatures repeatedly cry "Holy, holy, holy," directly echoing Isaiah's thrice-holy proclamation in a heavenly throne-room context.
- Revelation 5:11-14 (thematic): A heavenly vision where multitudes of creatures and elders worship God and the Lamb, continuing the theme of celestial praise and God's universal glory introduced in Isaiah 6.
- Ezekiel 1:26-28 (structural): A prophetic throne-vision featuring radiant divine glory and attendant heavenly beings—structurally parallel to Isaiah's vision of the Lord on his throne and the seraphim singing "Holy."
- Daniel 7:9-10 (structural): A courtroom/throne vision of the Ancient of Days with innumerable attendants and books/judgment—a related apocalyptic throne-room scene emphasizing God's sovereign majesty.
- Psalm 148:1-5 (thematic): Calls on the heavens and earth to praise the LORD, reflecting Isaiah's claim that "the whole earth is full of his glory," and the universal summons to acknowledge God's holiness.
Alternative generated candidates
- And one called to another and said, "Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory."
- And one called to another and said, 'Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory.'
Isa.6.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וינעו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- אמות: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- הספים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקורא: VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg,def
- והבית: NOUN,m,sg,def,pref:v
- ימלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.19.18 (verbal): At Sinai 'the mountain was altogether on a smoke' and there were thunder/ earthquake — parallels the smoke and the trembling/moving of the doorposts as signs of God's terrifying presence.
- 1 Kgs.8.10-11 (structural): When the ark was placed in Solomon's temple 'the house was filled with the cloud of the LORD's glory' and the priests could not stand to minister — parallels Isaiah's vision of the temple filled with smoke and the disruptive effect of God's presence.
- 2 Chr.7.1-2 (thematic): Fire came down and 'the glory of the LORD filled the house' at Solomon's dedication; the association of fire/smoke and the filling of the sanctuary echoes Isaiah's depiction of divine majesty.
- Ezek.1.4 (thematic): Ezekiel's inaugural vision begins with a storm/wind, great cloud and fire flashing forth — similar symbolic language (cloud, fire, smoke-like brightness) used to portray the overwhelming presence of God in Isaiah 6.
- Rev.15.8 (verbal): 'The temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God' — a direct verbal echo of Isaiah's 'the house was filled [with] smoke,' linking smoke as the visible sign of God's glory in apocalyptic worship contexts.
Alternative generated candidates
- The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of the one who called, and the house was filled with smoke.
- And the foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of the one who called, and the house was filled with smoke.
Isa.6.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- נדמיתי: VERB,nifal,perf,1,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שפתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- ובתוך: PREP
- עם: PREP
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שפתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
Parallels
- John 12:41 (allusion): John interprets Isaiah’s vision (‘my eyes have seen the King’) as seeing Christ’s glory, linking Isaiah’s theophany to Jesus.
- Acts 28:25-27 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Isaiah 6 (the prophetic commissioning and hardening motif) to explain Israel’s unbelief, showing NT citation of this chapter.
- Job 40:4 (verbal): Job’s humility—‘I am of small account… I lay my hand upon my mouth’—echoes Isaiah’s confession of sinful/‘unclean lips’ and unworthiness before God.
- Exodus 3:6 (thematic): Moses hides his face, afraid to look at God when God reveals himself; parallels Isaiah’s fear and sense of impurity on seeing the LORD.
- Psalm 51:15 (thematic): The plea ‘O Lord, open my lips’ and the psalmist’s request for cleansing to praise God complements Isaiah’s recognition of ‘unclean lips’ and the subsequent need for purification.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I said, "Woe to me! I am lost; for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts."
- And I said, 'Woe is me! I am undone, for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts.'
Isa.6.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- השרפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ובידו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- רצפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במלקחים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:12 (verbal): The high priest takes coals/fire from the altar (censer) as part of purification rites—direct ritual parallel to a seraph taking a coal from the altar.
- Ezekiel 10:2 (verbal): God commands a man to take up coals of fire from among the cherubim/wheels—similar imagery of heavenly beings handling coals taken from God's presence.
- Revelation 8:5 (verbal): An angel fills a censer with the fire of the altar and casts it to the earth—late‑Jewish/Christian echo of an angelic being removing fire from the heavenly altar.
- Jeremiah 1:9 (thematic): The LORD touches Jeremiah's mouth and puts His words in him—parallels Isaiah's coal touching the lips to purify and commission the prophet.
- Zechariah 3:4 (thematic): The filthy garments are taken away from the high priest Joshua and his iniquity is removed—thematically akin to Isaiah's removal of guilt through the coal's touch.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then one of the seraphim flew to me, holding a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with tongs from the altar.
- Then one of the seraphim flew to me, holding in his hand a live coal which he had taken with tongs from the altar.
Isa.6.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנה: PART
- נגע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- על: PREP
- שפתיך: NOUN,f,sg,cs+2ms
- וסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עונך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- וחטאתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
- תכפר: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jer.1.9 (verbal): God touches the prophet's mouth and speaks of placing words in it — a near-verbal parallel of divine touch to the lips in commissioning and speech.
- Zechariah 3.3-4 (thematic): The high priest's filthy garments are removed and replaced, symbolizing removal of iniquity and ceremonial cleansing similar to Isaiah's purging of sin.
- Psalm 51.7 (thematic): Petition for purging and cleansing ('Purge me with hyssop...') echoes the language and theme of sin being purged and forgiven.
- Ezekiel 36.25-27 (thematic): God's promise to sprinkle clean water and cleanse Israel, putting a new spirit within them, parallels the divine act of purification and removal of sin.
- Isaiah 1.16-18 (thematic): Within Isaiah, the call to wash and be clean and the promise that sins will be made white like snow closely parallels the motif of iniquity removed and sin purged.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he touched my mouth with it and said, "Behold, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away, and your sin is atoned for."
- And he touched my mouth and said, 'Behold, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away and your sin atoned for.'
Isa.6.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשמע: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- אשלח: VERB,qal,imperf,1,_,sg
- ומי: PRON,interr
- ילך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- שלחני: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 3:4 (verbal): God calls Moses from the burning bush and Moses replies with the same readiness formula (“Here am I”/הנני), paralleling the vocative call-and-response structure and willingness to be sent.
- 1 Samuel 3:4-10 (thematic): The young Samuel’s call and immediate readiness to hear and serve (“Speak, for your servant hears”) echoes the prophetic-call dynamic and the positive human response exemplified in Isaiah’s “Here am I; send me.”
- Jeremiah 1:4-10 (thematic): God’s commission of Jeremiah—issuing a prophetic call and sending the prophet—parallels Isaiah’s commissioning scene; Jeremiah’s initial protest contrasts with Isaiah’s prompt volunteering, highlighting different prophetic responses to divine call.
- Ezekiel 2:1-7 (thematic): Ezekiel’s commissioning (the command to stand, receive God’s word, and go to Israel) parallels the prophetic-mission motif in Isaiah 6, including the divine remit to speak to a people and the prophet’s role as envoy.
- Psalm 40:7-9 (Hebrew 40:6-8) (verbal): The psalmist’s language (“Behold, I come”/הנני; “I delight to do your will”) expresses the same willing self-offering and obedience found in Isaiah’s “Here am I; send me,” a verbal and theological echo of readiness to serve God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I heard the voice of the LORD saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?" And I said, "Here am I; send me."
- And I heard the voice of the LORD saying, 'Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?' And I said, 'Here am I; send me.'
Isa.6.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לעם: PREP
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- שמוע: VERB,qal,infc
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תבינו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- וראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תדעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Matt.13:14-15 (quotation): Jesus quotes Isaiah 6:9–10 to explain why he speaks in parables: people hear yet do not understand, see yet do not perceive.
- Mark 4:12 (quotation): Mark cites Isaiah 6:9–10 in explaining the purpose of Jesus' parables—so that people may hear and not perceive, see and not understand.
- Luke 8:10 (quotation): Luke records Jesus' explanation of the parables with a citation of Isaiah 6:9–10 about hearing without understanding and seeing without perceiving.
- Acts 28:26-27 (quotation): Paul, quoting Isaiah 6:9–10 (LXX), uses the passage to account for Israel's persistent unbelief and lack of perception.
- Rom.11:8 (verbal): Paul echoes the Isaiah motif—God giving a 'spirit of stupor' so that eyes do not see and ears do not hear—applying the idea to Israel's present hardening.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said, "Go, and say to this people: 'Hear—hear, but do not understand; see—see, but do not perceive.'"
- And he said, 'Go, and say to this people, Hear and hear, but do not understand; see and see, but do not perceive.'
Isa.6.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- השמן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ואזניו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- הכבד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועיניו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- השע: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,sg
- פן: CONJ
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- בעיניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ובאזניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולבבו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- יבין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושב: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- ורפא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Matt.13:14-15 (quotation): Jesus cites Isaiah 6:9-10 almost verbatim to explain why he speaks in parables—people hear but do not understand, see but do not perceive, so they will not turn and be healed.
- Mark 4:12 (quotation): Mark records a concise quotation of Isaiah 6:9-10 to summarize the purpose of Jesus' parables: that people should see and not perceive, hear and not understand, lest they turn and be forgiven.
- John 12:40 (quotation): John explicitly applies Isaiah's language about blinded eyes and hardened hearts to the refusal of some to believe, echoing the closed senses and lack of repentance in Isa. 6:10.
- Acts 28:26-27 (quotation): Paul quotes Isaiah 6:9-10 in his address to Jewish listeners in Rome, using the prophet's words about hardening and closed eyes/ears to explain their unbelief.
- Isa.29:10 (verbal): An internal Isaiah parallel: both passages use nearly identical imagery ('spirit of deep sleep'/'closed eyes') to describe divine judgment that dulls perception and prevents turning back for healing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy; close their eyes—lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and turn and be healed.
- Make the heart of this people fat; their ears are heavy, and their eyes they have closed; lest they see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and return and be healed.
Isa.6.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- מתי: ADV,int
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אם: CONJ
- שאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מאין: ADV,interrog
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- ובתים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאין: ADV,interrog
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והאדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- תשאה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:7 (verbal): Uses similar phrasing about cities becoming a waste 'without inhabitant' as the sign that judgment will continue until desolation is complete.
- Isaiah 1:7-9 (verbal): Within Isaiah the motif of cities and land made desolate appears earlier (cities burned, country desolate), linking covenantal judgment with urban and agricultural ruin.
- Micah 3:12 (thematic): Pronounces Jerusalem's destruction—'Zion shall be ploughed as a field, Jerusalem a heap'—echoing the theme of urban desolation as the outcome of divine judgment.
- Ezekiel 7:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of cities becoming desolate and no one coming or going—a parallel prophetic portrayal of the totalizing desolation attendant on judgment.
- Zephaniah 1:2-3 (thematic): Announces sweeping removal of 'things from the face of the earth' and devastation of the people/place, reflecting the same motif of utter desolation as the terminus of judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I said, "How long, O LORD?" And he said, "Until cities lie waste without inhabitant, and houses without people, and the land is utterly desolate.
- Then I said, 'Lord, how long?' And he answered, 'Until cities lie waste and without inhabitant, houses without people, and the land is a desolation.'
Isa.6.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ורחק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ורבה: VERB,qal,impv,2,ms
- העזובה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בקרב: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 6:13 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle: repeats the theme of desolation in the land and introduces the surviving 'stump'/'holy seed,' forming a unit with v.12.
- Isaiah 1:8 (thematic): Both depict Zion/land reduced to desolation and a scant remnant amid ruin ("daughter of Zion... like a shelter in a vineyard"), echoing the image of abandonment in the country.
- Jeremiah 4:27 (thematic): Jeremiah likewise announces that the land shall be desolate yet not utterly consumed—paralleling the tension between widespread abandonment and the survival of a remnant or preserving purpose.
- Micah 7:2 (thematic): Micah laments that the faithful are gone and the upright are vanished from the land, a similar depiction of social collapse and abandonment within the country.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD will remove people far away; many a forsaken place will be in the midst of the land."
- And the LORD will remove men far off, and the forsaken places in the midst of the land will be many.
Isa.6.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועוד: CONJ
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- עשריה: NUM,card,pl+PRON,3,f,sg
- ושבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לבער: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- כאלה: DEM,f,pl
- וכאלון: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשלכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצבת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצבתה: NOUN,f,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:1 (verbal): Uses the same stump/branch imagery — 'a shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse' — paralleling Isaiah 6:13's comparison of a surviving 'holy seed' to the stump left after terebinth and oak are cut down.
- Isaiah 10:20-22 (thematic): Develops the remnant motif: though judgment comes, a remnant (often expressed as a tenth or remainder) will remain/return — directly related to 6:13's 'a tenth remains' and preservation of a holy remnant.
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (allusion): Speaks of raising up 'a righteous Branch' from David — thematically linked to the stump/seed imagery in Isaiah 6:13 that points to a preserved, future Davidic line or holy remnant.
- Romans 11:5 (thematic): Paul applies the OT remnant theology in the NT: 'so too at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace,' echoing Isaiah's theme that only a preserved remnant (the 'holy seed') survives judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet there shall be a tenth in it; and it will again be cut off—like a terebinth or an oak, when they are felled the stump remains. The holy seed is its stump.
- Yet there shall be a tenth in it; it shall again be left, and as when a terebinth or an oak is felled, a stump remains—so the holy seed is its stump.
In the year that King Uzziah died I saw the LORD sitting on a high and exalted throne, and the hem of his robe filled the temple.
Above him stood seraphim; each one had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew. And they called to one another, saying, "Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory."
The doorposts trembled at the sound of the one calling, and the house was filled with smoke. And I said: Woe to me! For I am undone; for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts.
Then one of the seraphim flew to me, holding a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with tongs from the altar. And he touched my mouth with it and said, "Behold, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away, and your sin is atoned." And I heard the voice of the LORD saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?" And I said, "Here am I; send me." And he said, "Go, and say to this people: Hear and hear, but do not understand; see and see, but do not perceive."
Make the heart of this people fat, and their ears heavy; shut their eyes—lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.
Then I said, "How long, O LORD?" And he answered, "Until cities lie waste and without inhabitant, and houses without people, and the land is utterly desolate." And the LORD will remove people far off, and many will be the forsaken places in the midst of the land.
Yet there shall be a tenth in it; it shall again be a remnant—like a terebinth or an oak, when felled their stump remains; so the holy seed is its stump.