The Twelve Sent Out
Luke 9:1-9
Luke.9.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Συγκαλεσαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- δωδεκα: NUM,acc,pl,m
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- δυναμιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εξουσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δαιμονια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- νοσους: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- θεραπευειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 10:1 (verbal): Nearly identical commissioning: Jesus calls the twelve and gives them authority over unclean spirits and to heal every disease and sickness.
- Mark 6:7 (structural): Jesus sends out the Twelve (two by two) and gives them authority over unclean spirits — parallels the sending/empowerment motif of Luke 9:1.
- Mark 3:14-15 (thematic): The Twelve are appointed so they might be with Jesus and be sent out to preach and to have authority to cast out demons, echoing the purpose and authority in Luke 9:1.
- Matthew 10:8 (verbal): Instruction to the apostles—'Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons'—expands the healing/exorcistic authority expressed in Luke 9:1.
- Luke 10:1-9 (thematic): Lukan parallel: Jesus appoints and sends out the seventy/ seventy-two with power to heal and proclaim the kingdom, reflecting the same Luke motif of commissioned agents empowered for healing and exorcism.
Alternative generated candidates
- He called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and to heal diseases.
- He called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and to heal diseases.
Luke.9.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- κηρυσσειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ιασθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ασθενεις: ADJ,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:7-8 (verbal): Jesus sends the Twelve to proclaim the kingdom ('the kingdom of heaven is at hand') and to heal the sick—language and mission closely parallel Luke 9:2.
- Mark 6:12-13 (structural): In Mark’s account the sent disciples preach repentance and heal many who are sick—parallel episode in the Synoptic mission narrative.
- Luke 10:9 (verbal): In the later Lukan sending of the seventy the instruction is again to 'heal the sick' and to announce that the kingdom of God has come near, echoing Luke 9:2.
- Mark 3:14-15 (thematic): Mark summarizes Jesus appointing and sending the Twelve 'to preach' and with authority 'to cast out demons,' highlighting the preaching-and-healing/exorcism function evident in Luke 9:2.
- Isaiah 61:1-2 (allusion): Isaiah’s proclamation of good news, liberty, and healing provides the prophetic background for Jesus’ mission to proclaim the kingdom and bring restoration, which Luke 9:2 reflects.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he sent them to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.
- And he sent them to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.
Luke.9.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- αυτους·Μηδεν: PRON,acc,pl,m + PRON,acc,sg,n
- αιρετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- οδον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μητε: CONJ
- ραβδον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μητε: CONJ
- πηραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μητε: CONJ
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- μητε: CONJ
- αργυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μητε: CONJ
- ανα: PREP
- δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m
- χιτωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- εχειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 10:9-10 (verbal): Near-verbal parallel in the sending of the twelve: Jesus orders them not to take a bag/purse, gold or silver, or extra tunics for the journey (lists overlap closely with Luke 9:3).
- Mark 6:8-9 (verbal): Very similar instructions in Mark's account of the sending: disciples are told to take nothing for the journey (Mark includes a staff as an allowable exception, a notable variant to Luke's wording).
- Luke 10:4 (structural): Parallel episode in Luke (the sending of the seventy/two): similar structural instructions to travel light—no purse, bag, or sandals—emphasizing dependence on hospitality and mission economy.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to them, 'Take nothing for the journey—no staff, no bag, no bread, no money; and do not take a second tunic.'
- He told them to take nothing for the journey: no staff, no bag, no bread, no money, and not even a second tunic.
Luke.9.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αν: PART
- οικιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εισελθητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- εκει: ADV
- μενετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- εκειθεν: ADV
- εξερχεσθε: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
Parallels
- Mark 6:10 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in the parallel mission discourse: apostles instructed to 'enter a house, and remain there, and depart thence' — a close verbal parallel to Luke 9:4.
- Matthew 10:11 (verbal): Matthew's version of the mission instructions uses the same basic command to 'enter into a town and find the worthy man, and stay there,' echoing Luke's injunction to remain in a house while ministering.
- Matthew 10:13 (structural): Continues the Matthean instruction about staying in a chosen house and pronouncing peace; parallels Luke 9:4's emphasis on remaining in the house you enter rather than moving about.
- Luke 10:7 (thematic): Luke's later missionary instruction that 'the laborer is worthy of his hire; remain in the same house' repeats the theme of single-house hospitality and staying put during a mission visit.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whatever house you enter, remain there until you depart from that place.
- Whatever house you enter, stay there and depart from there.
Luke.9.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- οσοι: PRON,nom,pl,m
- αν: PART
- μη: PART
- δεχωνται: VERB,pres,mid,subj,3,pl
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εξερχομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πολεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εκεινης: PRON,gen,sg,f
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- κονιορτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ποδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- αποτινασσετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- εις: PREP
- μαρτυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- επ᾽αυτους: PREP+PRON,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:14 (verbal): Nearly identical instruction in the Matthean mission discourse: disciples are to shake the dust off their feet when a town does not receive them.
- Mark 6:11 (verbal): Parallel wording in Mark’s account of the sending of the twelve: shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against those who reject you.
- Luke 10:10-11 (verbal): Luke’s separate sending (the seventy/ seventy-two) repeats the same command to wipe off the dust from a town that does not welcome the missionaries.
- Acts 13:51 (allusion): Narrative application of Jesus’ instruction: Paul and Barnabas shake the dust off their feet in Antioch of Pisidia after being rejected, echoing the evangelistic practice taught by Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as for those who do not receive you, when you leave that town shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them.
- And wherever they do not receive you, as you leave that town shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them.
Luke.9.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εξερχομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- διηρχοντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- κατα: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- κωμας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ευαγγελιζομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- θεραπευοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- πανταχου: ADV
Parallels
- Matthew 10:7-8 (verbal): Jesus sends the Twelve with the command to proclaim the kingdom and to heal the sick, closely matching Luke 9:6’s summary of the disciples going through villages preaching and healing.
- Mark 6:12-13 (structural): After being sent out, the disciples went through the villages preaching repentance and casting out demons, anointing and healing many—paralleling Luke’s report of their itinerant ministry of preaching and healing.
- Luke 10:9 (thematic): Jesus instructs the seventy to heal the sick and tell the people that God’s kingdom has come, reflecting the same pairing of proclamation and healing found in Luke 9:6.
- Matthew 9:35 (verbal): A summary of Jesus’ own ministry: he went through cities and villages teaching and preaching and healing every disease—language and activity echo Luke 9:6’s description of the disciples’ mission.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they departed and went through the villages, proclaiming the good news and healing everywhere.
- So they set out and went through the villages, proclaiming the kingdom of God and healing the sick everywhere.
Luke.9.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ηκουσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- Ηρωδης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τετρααρχης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- γινομενα: PART,pres,mid/pass,acc,pl,n
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- διηπορει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- δια: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- λεγεσθαι: VERB,pres,pass,inf
- υπο: PREP
- τινων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Ιωαννης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηγερθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 6:14-16 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Herod the tetrarch hears reports about Jesus and, amid rumors, wonders if Jesus is John the Baptist risen from the dead (very similar wording and sequence).
- Matthew 14:1-2 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Matthew records Herod hearing of Jesus' works and reporting that some said Jesus was John the Baptist raised, echoing the same tradition and phrasing.
- Luke 9:9 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation in Luke: verse 9 follows 9:7 directly, expanding Herod's puzzlement and his desire to see Jesus—part of the same episode.
- Matthew 16:14 (thematic): Related tradition/theme: later Gospel tradition records public speculation that Jesus was 'John the Baptist, or Elijah, or Jeremiah, or one of the prophets,' reflecting the same idea that Jesus' identity was linked to John’s resurrection or prophetic return.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was happening, and he was perplexed, for it was said by some that John had been raised from the dead,
- Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was being done, and he was perplexed, for it was said by some that John had been raised from the dead.
Luke.9.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- υπο: PREP
- τινων: PRON,gen,pl,com
- δε: CONJ
- οτι: CONJ
- Ηλιας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εφανη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- αλλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- οτι: CONJ
- προφητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αρχαιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- ανεστη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 6:14-16 (verbal): Herod and others similarly report rumors that Jesus is Elijah or a resurrected prophet; wording and context of popular identification closely parallel Luke's report.
- Mark 8:28 (verbal): A later Markan catalogue of popular opinions about Jesus includes 'Elijah' and 'one of the prophets,' matching the same alternatives given in Luke 9:8.
- Matthew 16:14 (verbal): Matthew records the crowd's responses about Jesus—'John the Baptist,' 'Elijah,' or 'one of the prophets'—echoing Luke's list of identifications.
- Malachi 4:5 (thematic): The Old Testament prophecy that Elijah will return underlies popular expectation that a coming figure might be Elijah, explaining why people labeled Jesus as Elijah.
Alternative generated candidates
- and by others that Elijah had appeared, and by still others that one of the prophets of old had arisen.
- And by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the ancient prophets had arisen.
Luke.9.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ηρωδης·Ιωαννην: PROPN,nom,sg,m+PROPN,acc,sg,m
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- απεκεφαλισα·τις: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg+PRON,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- περι: PREP
- ου: PART,neg
- ακουω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- τοιαυτα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- εζητει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ιδειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 6:14-16 (verbal): Herod hears reports about Jesus and asks who he is, suggesting people think Jesus is John risen — closely parallels Luke’s report that Herod, aware of John, wondered who Jesus might be and sought to see him.
- Matthew 14:1-2 (verbal): Herod (the tetrarch) hears news about Jesus and declares that he is John the Baptist raised from the dead — parallels Luke’s focus on Herod’s awareness of John and his curiosity about Jesus.
- Mark 6:17-29 (quotation): Mark’s detailed account of Herod’s imprisonment and the beheading of John the Baptist provides the fuller narrative background to Luke’s brief summary where Herod claims, “I beheaded John.”
- Luke 3:19-20 (thematic): Earlier in Luke’s Gospel John’s conflict with Herod and his imprisonment are reported, connecting Luke 9:9’s reference to John’s fate and Herod’s knowledge of him.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Herod said, 'John I beheaded; who then is this of whom I hear such things?' And he sought to see him.
- But Herod said, "John I beheaded—who then is this, of whom I hear such things?" And he sought to see him.
Then he called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and to heal diseases. And he sent them to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.
He said to them, "Take nothing for the journey—no staff, no bag, no bread, no money in your belts, and do not take two tunics."
Whatever house you enter, stay there, and from there depart. And if anyone will not receive you, when you leave that town shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them. So they departed and went through the villages, proclaiming the kingdom of God and healing everywhere. Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was being done, and he was perplexed, because it was being said by some that John had risen from the dead.
Others said that Elijah had appeared; and others said that one of the ancient prophets had risen.
Herod said, "John I beheaded—who then is this, of whom I hear such things?" And he sought to see him.