Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment
John 5:16-30
John.5.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- δια: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- εδιωκον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εποιει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σαββατω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
Parallels
- John 5:10 (structural): Immediate context: the healed man is reproached by the Jews for carrying his mat on the Sabbath, which triggers the later persecution mentioned in 5:16.
- John 9:14-16 (thematic): Another Johannine episode where Jesus heals on the Sabbath (the man born blind) and the Jewish leaders dispute and investigate him because of the Sabbath setting.
- Mark 3:1-6 (quotation): A Synoptic account where Jesus heals on the Sabbath in the synagogue and the Pharisees respond with hostility, even plotting against him—parallel pattern of Sabbath healing provoking opposition.
- Matthew 12:9-14 (thematic): Parallel to Mark: Jesus heals on the Sabbath, Pharisees question him about lawfulness and then conspire to destroy him, showing the same conflict over Sabbath actions.
- Luke 14:1-6 (thematic): Luke’s account of Jesus healing a man with dropsy on the Sabbath while Pharisees watch to accuse him—another instance of Sabbath healing prompting hostile scrutiny.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this reason the Jews were persecuting Jesus, because he was doing these things on the Sabbath.
- Therefore the Jews began persecuting Jesus, because he was doing these things on the Sabbath.
John.5.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- απεκρινατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Ο: PRON,dat,pl,3
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- εως: CONJ
- αρτι: ADV
- εργαζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- εργαζομαι: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- John 5:19 (verbal): Direct continuation/explication: Jesus states the Son can do nothing on his own but only what he sees the Father doing, unpacking 'the Father is working and I am working.'
- John 5:18 (structural): Immediate context: the Jewish leaders interpret Jesus' statement as making himself equal with God, showing the implication of his claim to share the Father's work.
- John 4:34 (thematic): Parallel theme of mission-service: Jesus defines his sustenance/priority as doing the will of the One who sent him and completing his work, echoing the emphasis on doing the Father's work.
- John 9:4 (thematic): Affirms urgency and identity of Jesus' activity: 'we must work the works of him who sent me while it is day,' linking Jesus' acts to the Father's ongoing work.
- John 14:10 (verbal): Verbal/thematic parallel: Jesus explains that the Father who dwells in him does his works, reiterating the unity of action between Father and Son.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Jesus answered them, "My Father is at work—even now I am at work."
- But Jesus answered them, "My Father is working until now, and I am working."
John.5.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δια: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ουν: CONJ
- μαλλον: ADV
- εζητουν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αποκτειναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- μονον: ADV
- ελυε: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σαββατον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- αλλα: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ιδιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- ελεγε: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ισον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- εαυτον: PRON,acc,sg,masc,reflex
- ποιων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 5:17 (structural): Immediate context: Jesus says 'My Father is working... and I am working,' which provokes the Jews' response and frames the charge of making himself equal to God.
- John 10:30-33 (verbal): Jesus' statement 'I and the Father are one' elicits the same accusation—'you, being a man, make yourself God'—paralleling the charge in John 5:18.
- John 8:58-59 (thematic): Jesus' 'I am' claim (asserting divine identity/pre-existence) leads the Jews to attempt to stone him, mirroring the lethal response to perceived blasphemy in John 5:18.
- Mark 2:7 (thematic): The scribes accuse Jesus of blasphemy when he forgives sins—'Who can forgive sins but God alone?'—showing a parallel charge based on Jesus' exercise of divine prerogatives.
- Matthew 26:63-66 (thematic): At his trial Jesus' affirmation of being the Son of God / Son of Man leads to the council's verdict of blasphemy and condemnation, another instance where claims to divine identity provoke calls for his death.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this reason the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only was breaking the Sabbath but also called God his Father, making himself equal with God.
- For this reason they sought all the more to kill him: not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God.
John.5.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Απεκρινατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ελεγεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Αμην: PRON,dat,pl,m
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ου: PART,neg
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ποιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αφ᾽εαυτου: PREP
- ουδεν: PRON,acc,sg,n
- εαν: CONJ
- μη: PART
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- βλεπη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ποιουντα·α: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- αν: PART
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ποιη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ομοιως: ADV
- ποιει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 5:30 (verbal): Jesus again states he can do nothing on his own but judges and acts according to the Father's will—closely repeats the language and claim of dependence on the Father.
- John 8:28 (verbal): Jesus says that when he is lifted up people will know he does nothing on his own authority but speaks what the Father taught him—similar assertion of acting/speaking only in accordance with the Father.
- John 14:10 (verbal): Jesus explains that he does not speak on his own but the Father dwelling in him does the works—parallels the idea that the Son performs the Father's works.
- John 6:38 (thematic): Jesus declares he came not to do his own will but the will of the one who sent him—thematic parallel emphasizing obedience to the Father's will underlying John 5:19.
- John 12:49–50 (verbal): Jesus affirms he has not spoken on his own but the Father who sent him gave commandments about what to say and do—reiterates the Son's dependence on and unity with the Father's word and action.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing of himself; he can do nothing unless he sees the Father doing it. For whatever the Father does, these same things the Son likewise does.
- Jesus answered them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing; for whatever the Father does, the Son likewise does."
John.5.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- φιλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- δεικνυσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- ποιει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- μειζονα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- τουτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- δειξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εργα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- ινα: CONJ
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- θαυμαζητε: VERB,pres,act,subj,2,pl
Parallels
- John 5:19 (verbal): Immediate context: Jesus explains the Son can do nothing of himself but only what the Father shows/does—closely parallels wording and logic about the Father showing the Son all things and the Son’s actions.
- John 14:10-12 (verbal): Jesus again states the Son does the Father’s works and promises that whoever believes will do greater works—echoes the pledge that greater works will be shown/done.
- John 3:35 (verbal): Affirms the Father’s love for the Son and the Father’s giving/entrusting to the Son, paralleling the claim that the Father loves the Son and reveals/allows things to him.
- Matthew 11:27 (thematic): Speaks of the Father’s unique revelation and entrusting of all things to the Son—connects to the theme of the Father revealing/showing all things to the Son and granting authority.
- John 8:28-29 (structural): Jesus says he does nothing on his own but what the Father teaches and that the Father stands by him—parallels the mutual Father–Son action and the Son’s dependent execution of the Father’s works.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the Father loves the Son and shows him all that he himself is doing; and he will show him greater works than these, so that you may marvel.
- For the Father loves the Son and shows him all that he himself is doing, and will show him greater works than these, so that you may wonder.
John.5.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ωσπερ: ADV
- γαρ: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εγειρει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- νεκρους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ζωοποιει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- θελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωοποιει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 5:26 (verbal): Explicitly parallels the Father–Son language about life: the Father has life in himself and has given the Son to have life in himself (close verbal/ideological echo).
- John 11:25 (thematic): Jesus' declaration 'I am the resurrection and the life; whoever believes in me will live' reiterates the Son's power to give life even over death.
- Romans 8:11 (thematic): Speaks of the one who raised Jesus imparting life to believers' mortal bodies—echoes the theme of divine power to raise the dead and give life.
- 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 (thematic): Frames Christ's action as reversing death ('in Adam all die; in Christ all will be made alive'), paralleling the Son's role in giving life to the dead.
- Ezekiel 37:1-14 (allusion): The valley-of-dry-bones vision (God breathing life into the dead) provides Old Testament background imagery and theology for the Son's life-giving activity.
Alternative generated candidates
- For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will.
- For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will.
John.5.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- γαρ: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- κρινει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουδενα: PRON,acc,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- κρισιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- πασαν: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- δεδωκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- υιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 5:27 (verbal): Immediately parallels the same theme and wording — the Father has given the Son authority to execute judgment, explaining the scope of the Son’s judicial role.
- John 5:30 (thematic): Jesus explains how he judges (not on his own but as he hears from the Father), echoing the Father’s transfer of judgment to the Son and the Son’s dependence on the Father.
- Acts 10:42 (thematic): The apostles’ preaching that God ‘appointed’ Jesus to be judge of the living and the dead echoes John’s claim that the Father has given judgment to the Son.
- Romans 2:16 (thematic): Paul’s statement that God will judge human secrets through Jesus Christ reflects the early Christian conviction — present in John 5:22 — that final judgment is entrusted to Christ.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): The Son of Man’s eschatological role as judge of the nations parallels John’s declaration that the Father has given all judgment to the Son, showing a common tradition of Christ as final judge.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son,
- Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son,
John.5.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ινα: CONJ
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- τιμωσι: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- καθως: CONJ
- τιμωσι: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- μη: PART
- τιμων: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- τιμα: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πεμψαντα: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,acc,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- John 5:22-24 (verbal): Immediate context: Jesus states the Father's delegated authority to the Son and links belief in the Son with honoring the Father (direct continuation of the same argument).
- John 14:9-10 (quotation): Jesus' claim that whoever has seen him has seen the Father and that he is in the Father supports the parity of honor due to Son and Father.
- John 12:44-45 (verbal): Parallel Johannine saying: believing in Jesus is presented as believing in the one who sent him; seeing Jesus is seeing the Sender—implying identical honor.
- Philippians 2:9-11 (thematic): Paul's confession that every knee should bow and every tongue confess Jesus as Lord echoes the universal honor and worship due to Christ (and thus to God the Father).
- Hebrews 1:3-6 (allusion): The Son is described as the exact imprint of God's nature and worthy of worship; the passage reinforces that honoring the Son corresponds to honoring God who appointed him.
Alternative generated candidates
- that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.
- that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.
John.5.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αμην: PART
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- οτι: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ακουων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πιστευων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- πεμψαντι: VERB,aor,act,part,dat,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- κρισιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- αλλα: CONJ
- μεταβεβηκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θανατου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:47 (verbal): Very close wording: 'Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes has eternal life' — same promise linking belief in Jesus to possession of eternal life.
- John 3:16 (thematic): Expresses the same theme that belief in the Son leads to eternal life ('whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life').
- Romans 8:1 (thematic): Parallels the assurance that believers are not under condemnation/judgment ('There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus'), echoing 'does not come into judgment.'
- 1 John 5:11-13 (thematic): Affirms that God has given eternal life in his Son and that belief produces assurance of possessing that life — resonant with 'has eternal life' and 'has passed from death to life.'
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life; he does not come into judgment, but has passed from death to life.
- Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever hears my word and believes the one who sent me has eternal life and does not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life.
John.5.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αμην: PART
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- οτι: CONJ
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- νυν: ADV
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οτε: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- νεκροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ακουσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- φωνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- ακουσαντες: PTCP,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- ζησουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- John 5:28-29 (verbal): Immediate context and expansion of the same promise: all who are in the tombs will hear the Son's voice and come forth, linking hearing the Son to resurrection and judgment.
- John 11:25-26 (thematic): Jesus declares himself 'the resurrection and the life'—those who believe in him though they die will live—echoing the promise that hearing the Son leads to life.
- John 6:40 (thematic): Speaks of the Father’s will that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him has eternal life and that Jesus will raise them up on the last day—paralleling hearing/belief resulting in resurrection.
- Ezekiel 37:4-6 (allusion): The Valley of Dry Bones motif: God's word/voice causes dead bones to live again. John’s image of the dead hearing the Son’s voice likely echoes this prophetic paradigm of life from God’s word.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (structural): Paul teaches that the Lord’s return will be accompanied by a voice and the raising of the dead in Christ—paralleling the New Testament theme that the Lord’s voice effects the resurrection of the dead.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming—and now is—when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.
- Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming — and now is — when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.
John.5.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ωσπερ: ADV
- γαρ: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- εαυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- υιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εχειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- εν: PREP
- εαυτω·: PRO,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 5:21 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same discourse: both verses contrast the Father’s sovereign bestowal of life with the Son’s giving of life (’the Father raises the dead and gives them life… so the Son gives life’).
- John 6:57 (verbal): Similar formula linking the Son’s life to the Father’s (’As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father…’), underscoring that the Son’s life derives from and is sustained by the Father.
- 1 John 5:11 (verbal): Affirms the same theological point in Johannine language: ‘God has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son,’ echoing the idea of life being given and located ‘in’ the Son.
- John 17:2 (thematic): In the high-priestly prayer the Father ‘has given him authority to give eternal life’ to those entrusted to the Son—thematically linked to the Father’s grant of life to the Son and through him to others.
- John 3:35 (allusion): ’The Father loves the Son and has given all things into his hand’—a broader Johannine motif of the Father’s bestowal upon the Son that undergirds statements about life being granted to the Son.
Alternative generated candidates
- For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son to have life in himself;
- For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself.
John.5.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εξουσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- κρισιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ποιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- οτι: CONJ
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 5:22 (verbal): Immediate Johannine parallel: the Father has entrusted all judgment to the Son (same claim about authority to judge).
- Daniel 7:13-14 (allusion): The Son of Man figure receives dominion, glory and an everlasting kingdom — background for Jesus’ title and his eschatological authority to judge.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): The Son of Man coming in glory executes final judgment, separating nations — a developed New Testament depiction of the Son’s judicial role.
- Acts 10:42 (verbal): Peter’s proclamation that God appointed Jesus to be ‘judge of the living and the dead’ echoes John’s statement about Jesus’ given authority to judge.
- Acts 17:31 (verbal): Paul teaches that God fixed a day to judge the world by a man he appointed (validated by the resurrection), paralleling the claim that the Son of Man has been given authority to judge.
Alternative generated candidates
- and he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man.
- And he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man.
John.5.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- μη: PART
- θαυμαζετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- οτι: CONJ
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- μνημειοις: NOUN,dat,pl,n
- ακουσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- φωνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 5:25 (verbal): Earlier line in the same discourse: predicts an hour when those in the graves will hear his voice — nearly identical wording and idea.
- John 11:43 (verbal): Jesus speaks a summons to the dead (’Lazarus, come out’); parallels the power of his voice to call the dead to life.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (thematic): Describes the Lord’s coming with a commanding voice/archangel and trumpet and the dead rising — echoes the motif of a voice summoning the dead at the eschaton.
- 1 Corinthians 15:52 (thematic): Speaks of the last trumpet and the raising of the dead in an instant — parallels John’s eschatological resurrection imagery.
- Ezekiel 37:1-14 (allusion): The dry bones scene where the dead hear the word/breath of the Lord and live — Old Testament precedent for the motif of the dead responding to God’s word.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not marvel at this; for an hour is coming in which all who are in the tombs will hear his voice,
- Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice
John.5.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εκπορευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- αγαθα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- ποιησαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- αναστασιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ζωης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- φαυλα: ADV
- πραξαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- αναστασιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- κρισεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Daniel 12:2 (thematic): Speaks of a twofold resurrection—some to life, others to shame/everlasting contempt—an early Jewish background for John’s division of outcomes.
- Acts 24:15 (verbal): Paul affirms a resurrection 'of the just and the unjust,' echoing John’s contrast between those raised to life and those raised to judgment.
- Revelation 20:12-13 (structural): Depicts a final resurrection and judgment where the dead are judged according to their works, correlating with John’s life/judgment distinction.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): The Son separates people based on deeds (sheep and goats), assigning eternal life or punishment—parallel to John’s reward/punishment based on actions.
- Romans 2:6-7 (thematic): States God 'will render to each one according to his works,' granting eternal life to those persevering in good—resonates with John’s link of deeds to final outcome.
Alternative generated candidates
- and will come out—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have practiced evil to the resurrection of judgment.
- and will come forth — those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.
John.5.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ου: PART,neg
- δυναμαι: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,sg
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ποιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- απ᾽εμαυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,1
- ουδεν·καθως: PRON,acc,sg,n
- ακουω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- κρινω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κρισις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εμη: PRON,poss,nom,sg,f
- δικαια: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- ζητω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εμον: PRON,nom,sg,1
- αλλα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πεμψαντος: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 5:19 (verbal): Directly parallels wording and theme: the Son 'can do nothing on his own' but only what he sees the Father doing, stressing dependence on the Father for action and judgment.
- John 6:38 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about purpose: 'I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me,' echoing Jesus' submission to the Father's will.
- John 8:28 (verbal): Affirms the same principle: Jesus does nothing on his own but speaks and acts as the Father has taught him, linking his words and judgment to the Father's instruction.
- Luke 22:42 (thematic): Peter's/Gethsemane prayer 'not my will, but yours' reflects the same theological theme of Jesus' (and his follower's) submission to the Father's will in the face of suffering and decision.
Alternative generated candidates
- I can do nothing of myself; as I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just, for I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me.
- I can do nothing on my own. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just, because I do not seek my own will but the will of him who sent me."
Therefore the Jews began to persecute Jesus and to seek to kill him, because he had done these things on the Sabbath.
Jesus answered them, "My Father is working until now, and I am working."
For this reason they sought the more to kill him: not only did he break the Sabbath, but he also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. So Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but only what he sees the Father doing; for whatever the Father does, the Son does likewise."
"For the Father loves the Son and shows him all that he himself is doing; and greater works than these will he show him, so that you may marvel."
"For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so the Son also gives life to whom he will."
"For the Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son,"
"so that all may honor the Son even as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him."
"Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life, and does not come into judgment but has passed from death into life."
"Truly, truly, the hour is coming and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live."
"For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself;"
"and he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man."
"Do not be amazed at this; for an hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice,"
"and will come forth—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment."
"I can do nothing on my own. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just, because I do not seek my own will but the will of him who sent me."