Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins
Luke 5:33-39
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Luke.5.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- ειπαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- προς: PREP
- αυτον·Οι: PRON,acc,sg,m
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- Ιωαννου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- νηστευουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- πυκνα: ADV
- και: CONJ
- δεησεις: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- ποιουνται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,pl
- ομοιως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Φαρισαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- εσθιουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- πινουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 9:14-15 (verbal): Nearly identical incident and wording: opponents ask why Jesus' disciples do not fast like John’s disciples and the Pharisees; Jesus replies about the bridegroom and appropriateness of fasting.
- Mark 2:18-20 (verbal): Parallel account with the same question about fasting and Jesus’ response that guests cannot fast while the bridegroom is present; shares key verbal elements and imagery.
- Luke 5:34-35 (structural): Immediate Lucan continuation of the same episode: Jesus explains the bridegroom analogy and predicts future days when his followers will fast — direct contextual parallel.
- Matthew 6:16-18 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching on proper fasting (do not fast like hypocrites but in secret) relates thematically to the debate about the disciples’ fasting practices and motives.
- Isaiah 58:3-6 (thematic): Prophetic critique of empty ritual fasting contrasts genuine, justice‑oriented fasting; provides Old Testament background to Jewish fasting practices and critiques of form over substance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they said to him, 'The disciples of John often fast and pray, and the disciples of the Pharisees do the same; but yours eat and drink.'
- And they said to him, Why do the disciples of John fast often and pray, and likewise those of the Pharisees, but your disciples eat and drink?
Luke.5.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- αυτους·Μη: PRON,acc,pl,3
- δυνασθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- υιους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- νυμφωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- νυμφιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μετ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- νηστευσαι: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 9:15 (verbal): Parallel saying about the 'children of the bridechamber' and the bridegroom being present, preventing fasting; closely parallels Luke's wording and metaphor.
- Mark 2:19-20 (verbal): Almost identical wording and context (question about fasting); Mark records the same bridegroom metaphor and the temporary nature of the situation.
- John 3:29 (thematic): Uses the bridegroom imagery (the friend of the bridegroom rejoices) to express joy at the bridegroom's presence—theological parallel to Jesus' point about rejoicing rather than mourning.
- Isaiah 62:5 (allusion): Old Testament marriage imagery ('as the bridegroom rejoices over the bride') provides background for the New Testament metaphor of joy while the bridegroom is present.
- Luke 5:35 (structural): Immediate Lukan continuation that balances the present joy with a future time of mourning/fasting when the bridegroom will be taken away; completes the pericope's argument.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to them, 'Can the companions of the bridegroom fast while the bridegroom is with them?
- And he said to them, Can the wedding guests mourn while the bridegroom is with them?
Luke.5.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- ημεραι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- οταν: CONJ
- απαρθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
- απ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- νυμφιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τοτε: ADV
- νηστευσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- εκειναις: DEM,dat,pl,f
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 9:15 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel: the same saying about the days coming when the bridegroom is taken away and then his friends will fast.
- Mark 2:20 (verbal): Another synoptic parallel with nearly identical wording and context about the bridegroom's absence and subsequent fasting.
- Luke 5:34 (structural): Immediate contextual verse in Luke: Jesus asks whether the friends of the bridegroom can fast while the bridegroom is with them, framing v.35's prediction.
- John 3:29 (allusion): Uses the bridegroom/friend-of-the-bridegroom imagery (the bridegroom brings joy), providing Johannine resonance with the wedding metaphor and its social expectations.
- Isaiah 62:5 (thematic): Old Testament background: bridegroom rejoicing over the bride—helps explain Jewish wedding symbolism where the bridegroom's presence brings celebration and his absence can occasion mourning/fasting.
Alternative generated candidates
- The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them; then will they fast in those days.'
- But days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them; then they will fast.
Luke.5.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ελεγεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- παραβολην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- προς: PREP
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- επιβλημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- απο: PREP
- ιματιου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- καινου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- σχισας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- επιβαλλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- επι: PREP
- ιματιον: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- παλαιον·ει: ADJ,dat,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- μηγε: PART
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- καινον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- σχισει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- παλαιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
- ου: PART,neg
- συμφωνησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- επιβλημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- καινου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 9:16 (verbal): Direct parallel wording: the saying about not sewing a patch of new cloth on an old garment appears here with essentially the same language.
- Mark 2:21 (verbal): Parallel account in Mark with the same imagery and warning that a new patch on an old garment will tear and make the rent worse.
- Luke 5:37-38 (structural): Immediate continuation in Luke: the garment patch saying is paired with the related analogy about new wine and old wineskins in the same teaching unit.
- Matthew 9:17 (verbal): Parallel that follows the garment image with the complementary saying about not putting new wine into old wineskins, forming the paired metaphors found in the synoptics.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he told them a parable: 'No one tears a piece from a new garment to sew it on an old; otherwise he will both tear the new, and the patch from the new will not match the old.
- And he told them a parable: No one puts a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment; if he does, the new patch will pull away from the garment and make the tear worse.
Luke.5.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- βαλλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οινον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- νεον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- ασκους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- παλαιους·ει: ADJ,acc,pl,m+PART,cond
- δε: CONJ
- μηγε: PART
- ρηξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- οινος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- νεος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ασκους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- εκχυθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- ασκοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- απολουνται·: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 9:17 (verbal): Nearly identical saying about not putting new wine into old wineskins — direct verbal parallel in the Synoptic tradition.
- Mark 2:22 (verbal): Same imagery and wording as Luke 5:37 (new wine and wineskins), showing the saying's parallel in Mark.
- Luke 5:36 (structural): The immediately preceding saying in Luke (no one sews a new patch on an old garment) forms the paired simile explaining incompatibility of new and old forms; structural context for v.37.
- Hebrews 8:13 (thematic): Speaks of the new covenant making the first obsolete — a theological parallel: new realities (covenant/wine) cannot be contained by old structures.
Alternative generated candidates
- And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the new wine will burst the skins, and the wine is spilled and the skins are ruined.
- And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the new wine will burst the skins, be spilled, and the skins will be ruined.
Luke.5.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλα: CONJ
- οινον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- νεον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- ασκους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- καινους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- βλητεον: VERB,fut,pass,ptc,neut,sg
Parallels
- Mark 2:22 (verbal): Direct parallel: identical saying in Mark—'new wine into fresh wineskins' (same metaphor and wording).
- Matthew 9:17 (verbal): Direct parallel in Matthew with the same imagery and lesson about putting new wine into new wineskins.
- Luke 5:36 (structural): Immediate context in Luke: the preceding saying about not sewing new cloth on an old garment—same discourse contrasting new and old forms.
- Hebrews 8:13 (thematic): Thematic parallel: the idea of a 'new' replacing the 'old' (the new covenant superseding the old), echoing the incompatibility motif behind the new wine/new wineskins metaphor.
Alternative generated candidates
- But new wine must be put into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved.'
- But new wine must be put into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved.
Luke.5.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- πιων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- παλαιον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- θελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- νεον·λεγει: ADJ,acc,sg,m+VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ·Ο: PART+ART,nom,sg,m
- παλαιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- χρηστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 9:16-17 (verbal): Contains the same pair of sayings (new patch on an old garment; new wine and old wineskins) and the concluding proverb about preferring old wine — near-verbatim parallel to Luke 5:36–39.
- Mark 2:21-22 (verbal): Mark preserves the same two images (patch/garmet and wineskins) and the concluding observation about old wine, forming the closest Synoptic verbal parallel.
- Luke 5:37-38 (structural): Immediate context in Luke: the parables of the patch and wineskins directly precede v.39 and provide the narrative framework for the proverb about preferring old wine.
- Matthew 11:16-17 (thematic): Different imagery but a related theme: Jesus contrasts human stubbornness/resistance to new ways of teaching; both passages comment on people's preference for familiar forms rather than accepting new approaches.
Alternative generated candidates
- And no one, after drinking the old wine, immediately desires the new; for he says, 'The old is good.'
- And no one, having drunk the old wine, immediately desires the new; for he says, The old is better.
And they said to him, 'The disciples of John often fast and pray, and the disciples of the Pharisees do likewise; but your disciples eat and drink.' And Jesus said to them, 'Can you make the guests of the bridegroom fast while the bridegroom is with them?
'But the days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them; then they will fast in those days.' And he told them a parable: 'No one tears a piece from a new garment and sews it on an old garment; otherwise the new will be torn, and the patch from the new will not match the old.
Nor does anyone put new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the new wine will burst the skins, the wine will run out, and the skins will be ruined.' But new wine must be put into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved. And no one who has drunk the old desires the new, for he says, 'The old is good.'