David's Song of Deliverance
2 Samuel 22:1-51
2 S.22.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- השירה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- הציל: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- מכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- איביו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3ms
- ומכף: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:1 (title) (quotation): The superscription of Psalm 18 repeats almost verbatim the statement that David spoke this song when the LORD delivered him from all his enemies and from Saul.
- Psalm 18 (entire) (structural): 2 Samuel 22 and Psalm 18 are essentially the same composition—parallel structure, wording, and themes throughout the song of deliverance.
- Exodus 15:1 (thematic): Like David’s song, Exodus 15 is a victory song sung on the day of deliverance (the crossing of the Red Sea); both are communal/individual laments turned into praise after God’s rescue.
- Psalm 59:16 (thematic): A psalm composed in the context of Saul’s attempts on David’s life; it similarly frames song and praise as a response to God’s protection from enemies and Saul.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies and out of the hand of Saul.
- David spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
2 S.22.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- סלעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- ומצדתי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- ומפלטי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:2 (quotation): Psalm 18 is essentially a parallel/replication of 2 Samuel 22; this verse uses virtually the same wording—calling YHWH 'my rock, my fortress, my deliverer.'
- Psalm 31:3 (verbal): Uses the same rock/fortress imagery ('For you are my rock and my fortress') and appeals to God's protection and guidance—echoing the metaphor of God as refuge.
- Psalm 62:2 (verbal): Declares the LORD 'my rock and my salvation' (or 'my rock and my refuge' in some translations), a close verbal/thematic echo of 2 Samuel 22:2's language.
- Proverbs 18:10 (thematic): Describes the name of the LORD as a strong tower to which the righteous run for safety—parallel motif of God as a place of strength and refuge.
- Exodus 15:2 (thematic): Moses' song after the crossing of the sea calls the LORD 'my strength and my song, and he has become my salvation'—a closely related theme of God as deliverer and strength.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, “The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer;
- The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer.
2 S.22.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- צורי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- אחסה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מגני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- וקרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- משגבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- ומנוסי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- משעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- מחמס: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשעני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:2 (quotation): Psalm 18 is a near verbatim repetition of 2 Samuel 22; this verse there uses the same language: God as my rock, refuge, shield, horn of salvation, and stronghold.
- Psalm 62:6 (verbal): Declares 'He only is my rock and my salvation,' echoing the paired titles 'rock' and 'salvation' and the theme of God as refuge.
- Psalm 31:3 (thematic): Speaks of God as 'my rock and my fortress,' using the same rock/stronghold imagery of protection and refuge.
- Luke 1:69 (allusion): Zechariah proclaims God has raised up 'a horn of salvation' for David’s house—an echo of the 'horn of salvation' title in David’s song, now applied messianically.
Alternative generated candidates
- my God—my rock—in whom I take refuge; my shield and the horn of my salvation, my high stronghold and my refuge; my savior, you save me from violence.
- My God, my rock—in him I take refuge; my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge; you save me from violence.
2 S.22.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מהלל: VERB,qal,ptc,.,m,sg
- אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומאיבי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,pss1
- אושע: VERB,niphal,impf,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:3 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel—Psalm 18 is essentially the same song as 2 Samuel 22; the wording about calling on the LORD who is worthy of praise and being saved from enemies matches closely.
- Psalm 116:4 (thematic): Same theme of calling upon the LORD for deliverance: 'Then called I upon the name of the LORD… deliver my soul,' echoing the appeal and promised rescue.
- Psalm 34:4 (thematic): Parallel theme of crying out to God and being delivered: 'I sought the LORD, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my fears,' emphasizing rescue in response to calling.
- Jonah 2:2 (allusion): Personal lament/call to God in distress—'In my distress I called to the LORD, and he answered me'—echoes the motif of calling the LORD and receiving salvation.
Alternative generated candidates
- I call upon the LORD, who is to be praised, and I am delivered from my enemies.
- I call on the LORD, the praised one, and from my enemies I am saved.
2 S.22.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אפפני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- משברי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- נחלי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבעתני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 18:4 (quotation): Nearly identical wording and image (cords/waves of death; torrents of Belial). 2 Samuel 22 and Psalm 18 are parallel/formulaic duplicates.
- Jonah 2:3-5 (verbal): Jonah's prayer uses closely similar language—'waters compassed me,' 'the deep closed me round about'—the same drowning/torrent motif and plea for rescue.
- Psalm 69:1-2 (thematic): Uses flood and sinking imagery ('waters are come in unto my soul; I sink in deep mire') to express peril and cry for God's deliverance, reflecting the same theme of being overwhelmed by death-like waters.
- Psalm 124:4-5 (thematic): Speaks of a stream/river that would have swept the people away ('then had the proud waters gone over us'), echoing the motif of near-drowning and subsequent divine rescue.
Alternative generated candidates
- The breakers of death encompassed me; the torrents of Belial overwhelmed me.
- For waves of death encompassed me, and torrents of Belial overwhelmed me.
2 S.22.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חבלי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סבני: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- קדמני: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- מקשי: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:5 (verbal): Almost identical wording and imagery — David’s song in Psalm 18 parallels 2 Samuel 22, using ‘cords of Sheol’ and ‘snares of death.’ (Verse numbering may vary by tradition.)
- Psalm 116:3 (verbal): Uses the same phraseology — ‘the cords of death encompassed me; the pangs of Sheol laid hold on me’ — echoing the image of being entangled by death/Sheol.
- Jonah 2:6 (thematic): Jonah describes going down to the land whose bars closed upon him (the pit/Sheol) and being imprisoned — similar imagery of entrapment in the realm of death and deliverance from the pit.
- Psalm 30:3 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD bringing the psalmist’s soul up from Sheol and restoring life — thematically linked as a contrast to being caught in the cords of death and then rescued.
Alternative generated candidates
- The cords of Sheol were round about me; the snares of death confronted me.
- The cords of Sheol were round about me; the snares of death confronted me.
2 S.22.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בצר: PREP
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מהיכלו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- קולי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1
- ושועתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1,_,sg
- באזניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 18:6 (verbal): Psalm 18 is virtually identical to 2 Samuel 22; v.6 repeats the same language of crying to the LORD in distress and God hearing from his temple.
- Psalm 3:4 (verbal): "I cried to the LORD with my voice, and he heard me from his holy hill" echoes the motif and wording of crying out and God hearing from his dwelling.
- Jonah 2:2 (thematic): Jonah's prayer from the depths begins with calling to the LORD in distress and God responding—a thematic parallel of crying to God in dire need and being heard.
- Psalm 34:6 (thematic): "This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him, and saved him out of all his troubles" parallels the theme of crying to God in affliction and God hearing and delivering.
Alternative generated candidates
- In my distress I called upon the LORD and cried to my God; he heard my voice from his temple, and my cry came into his ears.
- In my distress I called on the LORD; to my God I cried. He heard from his temple my voice, and my cry entered his ears.
2 S.22.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתגעש: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,m,sg
- ותרעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מוסדות: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ירגזו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויתגעשו: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:7-8 (quotation): Psalm 18 repeats David’s song (parallel chapter to 2 Samuel 22); the language about the earth trembling and the foundations of the heavens shaking is essentially the same.
- Exodus 19:18 (thematic): At Sinai the mountain trembles and is wrapped in smoke when Yahweh descends — a similar motif of cosmic upheaval at God’s presence/anger.
- Nahum 1:5-6 (thematic): Describes mountains quaking, the earth trembling and all creation before God’s wrath — closely parallels thecalamity language tied to divine anger.
- Psalm 114:7 (allusion): Calls for the earth to tremble at the presence of the Lord, echoing the theme of cosmic disturbance in response to God’s action.
- Habakkuk 3:6 (thematic): Depicts God standing up and shaking the earth, making nations tremble — another prophetic depiction of the world convulsing at God’s intervention.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the earth shook and trembled; the very foundations of the heavens were moved and shook, because he was angry.
- Then the earth reeled and trembled; the foundations of the heavens were shaken— they trembled because he was angry.
2 S.22.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באפו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr:3,m
- ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3,m
- תאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- גחלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בערו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ps.18.8 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — Psalm 18 is a poetic restatement of 2 Samuel 22; both speak of smoke from nostrils and consuming fire from the mouth, with coals kindled.
- Exod.19.18 (thematic): Theophany imagery: Mount Sinai covered with smoke and fire when Yahweh descended — parallels the manifestation of divine power in fiery, smoky terms.
- Ps.50.3 (verbal): ’A fire devours before him’ — similar verbal motif of consuming fire in God's presence, portraying divine judgment/majesty proceeding from God.
- Isa.30.27-30 (allusion): God’s coming described with burning, thick smoke and a fierce breath/indignation — echoes the motif of divine wrath issuing like fire and smoke (mouth/breath imagery).
Alternative generated candidates
- Smoke went up from his nostrils, and devouring fire from his mouth; glowing coals were kindled by it.
- Smoke rose from his nostrils, and fire from his mouth consumed; coals were kindled by it.
2 S.22.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וערפל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
Parallels
- Psalm 18:9 (verbal): Almost identical wording — 'He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness under his feet' (Psalm 18 is a near-duplicate of 2 Sam 22).
- Exodus 19:18 (structural): The Sinai theophany: smoke, darkness and the LORD descending on the mountain — a parallel image of God coming down in thick cloud/darkness underfoot.
- Psalm 68:8 (thematic): Describes the earth trembling and the heavens 'dropping' at God's presence and Sinai's movement — similar cosmic/theophanic language of heaven and earth responding to God's descent.
- Isaiah 64:1 (allusion): A prophetic plea 'Oh that you would rend the heavens and come down' echoes the motif of God descending from heaven into history, akin to 'bent the heavens and came down.'
- Job 9:8 (thematic): Speaks of God stretching out the heavens and treading on the sea — shared language of divine movement across the heavens and the world, resonating with the image of God descending and darkness under his feet.
Alternative generated candidates
- He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness was under his feet.
- He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness was under his feet.
2 S.22.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כרוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כנפי: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:10 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — the same victory-song language appears in Psalm 18, a close parallel/duplicate of 2 Samuel 22.
- Psalm 104:3 (verbal): Uses the same motif of God riding on the clouds/wings of the wind: 'He makes the clouds his chariot; he rides on the wings of the wind.'
- Exodus 19:4 (thematic): Speaks of God bearing Israel 'on eagles' wings' — a related image of divine transport on wings.
- Isaiah 40:31 (thematic): The theme of mounting up on wings is echoed in 'those who wait for the Lord... shall mount up with wings like eagles,' a motif of divine-enabled ascent.
- 2 Kings 2:11 (structural): Narrative motif of ascent by divine vehicle/whirlwind: Elijah taken up in a chariot/whirlwind, paralleling the motif of heavenly transport.
Alternative generated candidates
- He rode upon a cherub and flew; he was borne on the wings of the wind.
- He rode on a cherub and flew; he swept on the wings of the wind.
2 S.22.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- סביבתיו: NOUN,f,sg,cs+3ms
- סכות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חשרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עבי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- שחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ps.18.11 (quotation): Psalm 18 is virtually identical to 2 Samuel 22; v.11 repeats the same image—darkness around God, thick waters and thick clouds—serving as a direct verbal parallel/quotation.
- Ps.97.2 (verbal): Shares the formula 'clouds and darkness are round about him,' echoing the motif of darkness and clouds surrounding the divine presence.
- Exod.20.21 (thematic): At Sinai the people stand afar off while Moses approaches 'the thick darkness where God was'—uses the same theme of divine presence associated with thick darkness and cloud.
- Job 22.14 (verbal): Describes God veiled by thick clouds and darkness ('Thick clouds are a covering to him'), employing language and imagery parallel to the 'thick darkness/clouds' surrounding God in 2 Samuel 22:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made darkness his covering round about him—pavilions of dark water, thick clouds of the skies.
- He made darkness his covering about him, thick clouds, the dark waters of the skies.
2 S.22.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מנגה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נגדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בערו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גחלי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ps.18.10 (quotation): Psalm 18 is a near-verbatim parallel to 2 Samuel 22; Ps 18:10 uses the same language of God riding a cherub and appearing on the wings of the wind.
- Ps.104.3 (verbal): Psalm 104:3 says God 'maketh the clouds his chariot' and 'walketh upon the wings of the wind,' echoing the 'wings of the wind' and divine mobility imagery.
- Ezek.10.18-19 (allusion): Ezekiel describes the cherubim lifting their wings and the glory of the Lord moving on them—a prophetic depiction of God’s movement by winged beings that parallels the image of God riding a cherub.
- Exod.25.20 (structural): The instructions for the cherubim on the ark (wings spread over the mercy seat) provide cultic iconographic background for the idea of God enthroned or borne by cherubim, which underlies the 'rode on a cherub' motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the brightness before him coals of fire were kindled.
- Out of his presence went forth coals of fire.
2 S.22.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ירעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועליון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- קולו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:13 (quotation): Psalm 18 is a near-verbatim parallel to 2 Samuel 22; this verse repeats the same theophanic line — the LORD thunders from heaven and the Most High utters his voice.
- Psalm 29:3-4 (thematic): Speaks of the voice of the LORD over the waters and the majestic, thunderous quality of God's voice, echoing the image of divine thunder from heaven.
- Habakkuk 3:3-10 (thematic): A prophetic theophany describing God coming from the south/temple with thunder, his voice causing natural upheaval — similar cosmic, auditory imagery of God’s voice from heaven.
- Exodus 19:16-19 (thematic): The Sinai theophany: thunder, lightning, trumpet blast and God's descent on the mountain — an OT precedent for God’s voice thundering from heaven.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD thundered from heaven; the Most High uttered his voice.
- The LORD thundered from heaven, and the Most High uttered his voice.
2 S.22.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויפיצם: VERB,piel,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ברק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:14 (verbal): Psalm 18 is a near-identical version of David’s song; this verse repeats the same imagery—God shoots arrows and scatters the enemy, with lightning routing them.
- Psalm 144:6 (verbal): Uses the same pair of images—lightning and arrows—to describe God scattering/routing foes (’Send out your lightnings and dissipate them; shoot your arrows and rout them’).
- Deuteronomy 32:42 (thematic): Declares God’s arrows as instruments of judgment (‘I will make my arrows drunk with blood’), thematically parallel in portraying arrows as divine weapons against enemies.
- Job 6:4 (thematic): Speaks of ‘the arrows of the Almighty’ afflicting a person; thematically parallels the motif of God’s arrows as instruments of divine action or judgment.
- Psalm 77:18 (thematic): Describes thunder, lightning, and earth trembling in God’s presence—sharing the cosmic/violent lightning imagery used to rout or terrify enemies in 2 Sam 22:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- He sent out arrows and scattered them; he shot forth lightnings and routed them.
- He sent out arrows and scattered them; lightning flashed and routed them.
2 S.22.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אפקי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- יגלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מסדות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בגערת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מנשמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
Parallels
- Psalm 18:16 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel — Psalm 18 is a parallel version of David's song and contains the same line about the sea's channels and the foundations of the earth at the LORD's rebuke.
- Exodus 15:8 (verbal): Moses' victory song uses the phrase 'blast of thy nostrils' and describes the waters gathering/retreating under God's breath, echoing the motif of divine breath acting on the sea.
- Psalm 104:7 (verbal): Speaks of the waters fleeing at God's rebuke ('At thy rebuke they fled'), echoing the theme of the sea driven back and exposed by the LORD's command.
- Job 38:8-11 (thematic): God's speech to Job about shutting up the sea, laying its bars and setting its limits parallels the idea of the sea's channels/foundations being revealed or constrained by God's command.
- Nahum 1:4 (thematic): Describes God rebuking the sea and drying up rivers — a compact statement of the same theme of divine control over the waters at God's rebuke.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the channels of the sea appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
- The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
2 S.22.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ממרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יקחני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ימשני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ממים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ps.18:16 (quotation): Psalm 18 is a near-identical parallel to 2 Samuel 22 (the same victory song); this verse repeats the line about God sending from on high and drawing the speaker out of many waters.
- Ps.40:2 (verbal): Speaks of God drawing the psalmist up from a pit or miry bog and placing his feet on a rock—a closely related image of divine rescue from overwhelming peril.
- Jonah 2:3–7 (thematic): Jonah's prayer describes being engulfed by the deep and surrounded by breakers and waves, then being preserved and delivered—echoing the motif of rescue from the waters.
- Isa.43:2 (thematic): God's promise that when his people pass through waters and rivers they will not be overwhelmed resonates with the theme of God's deliverance from threatening waters in 2 Sam 22:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- He sent from on high, he took me; he drew me out of many waters.
- He sent from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.
2 S.22.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יצילני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מאיבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1cs
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משנאי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1cs
- כי: CONJ
- אמצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Ps.18:17 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — Psalm 18 (David’s song) repeats, “He rescued me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me; for they were too mighty for me.”
- Ps.18:16-19 (quotation): The surrounding verses in Psalm 18 mirror 2 Samuel 22’s account of God’s dramatic rescue (sending from on high, drawing out, rescuing from mighty enemies, and bringing into a wide place).
- Ps.18:2-3 (thematic): Same thematic portrayal of God as David’s rock and deliverer who saves him from enemies and distress — the broader motif of divine rescue underpinning 2 Samuel 22:18.
- 1 Sam.30:6-8 (thematic): A narrative parallel in David’s life: David faces overwhelming enemies, turns to the LORD for guidance and receives deliverance — thematically echoing the deliverance language of 2 Samuel 22:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- He rescued me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.
- He delivered me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me; for they were too mighty for me.
2 S.22.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יקדמני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- אידי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- משען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:18 (verbal): Psalm 18 is virtually identical to 2 Samuel 22; this verse uses nearly the same language about being confronted in calamity and the LORD being the speaker's support/stay.
- Psalm 118:5 (thematic): Both depict the psalmist calling to the LORD in distress and God answering by delivering or supporting him ("I called upon the LORD in distress; the LORD answered me").
- Psalm 46:1 (thematic): Affirms the same idea of God as a present help/support in trouble ("God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble").
- Psalm 34:6 (thematic): Like 2 Sam 22:19, this verse portrays crying out in trouble and the LORD hearing and delivering the supplicant, emphasizing divine support in distress.
Alternative generated candidates
- They came upon me in the day of my calamity, but the LORD was my support.
- He took me in the day of my distress, and the LORD was my support.
2 S.22.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- למרחב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתי: PRON,1,sg
- יחלצני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- חפץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:19 (verbal): Psalm 18 is largely identical to 2 Samuel 22; Psalm 18:19 reads essentially the same: God brought the speaker into a broad place and delivered him because He delighted in him (direct verbal parallel/quotation).
- Psalm 34:19 (thematic): Both verses express the theme of God rescuing the righteous from trouble: 'Many are the afflictions of the righteous, but the LORD delivers him out of them all' echoes 'he delivered me.'
- Psalm 147:11 (thematic): This verse emphasizes God's pleasure in those who fear him ('The LORD takes pleasure in those who fear him'), paralleling the reason given in 2 Samuel 22:20 ('because he delighted in me').
- Zephaniah 3:17 (thematic): Zephaniah portrays God rejoicing and delighting over his people ('He will rejoice over you with gladness; he will quiet you by his love'), resonating with the motif 'he delighted in me' as the grounds for deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- He brought me forth into a broad place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
- He brought me forth into a broad place; he rescued me, because he delighted in me.
2 S.22.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יגמלני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+1cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כצדקתי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
- כבר: ADV
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ישיב: VERB,hifil,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:20 (quotation): Verbal/structural duplicate — the same declaration appears almost verbatim in Psalm 18, since 2 Samuel 22 and Psalm 18 are closely parallel.
- Psalm 18:25 (verbal): Close verbal and thematic parallel in the same song: God dealing with people according to their character (merciful/upright/pure), reinforcing the principle of recompense according to righteousness.
- Psalm 62:12 (verbal): Expresses the same idea that God 'renders to every man according to his work,' a parallel formulation of divine recompense according to righteousness.
- Romans 2:6 (thematic): New Testament articulation of the principle: 'God will render to each one according to his works,' echoing the idea that God rewards according to righteousness.
- Galatians 6:7 (thematic): Paul's 'sowing and reaping' principle — moral recompense corresponding to one's actions — thematically parallels the claim that God rewarded David according to his righteousness.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he recompensed me.
- The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he repaid me.
2 S.22.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- שמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- רשעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- מאלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr
Parallels
- Psalm 18:21 (quotation): Essentially identical wording—2 Samuel 22 is largely parallel to Psalm 18; both state the same confession of keeping the LORD’s ways and not turning from God.
- Psalm 26:3 (thematic): Expresses the same idea of walking in God’s truth and maintaining integrity before the LORD: 'For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes: and I have walked in thy truth.'
- Psalm 119:1 (thematic): Shares the motif of blessedness for those who are 'undefiled in the way' and who walk according to the law of the LORD—echoing faithfulness to God's ways.
- Psalm 101:2 (thematic): A royal pledge to 'walk within my house with a perfect heart' and avoid wickedness—paralleling the vow to keep one’s ways before God and not act wickedly.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not wickedly departed from my God.
- For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not turned aside from my God.
2 S.22.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- משפטיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3ms
- לנגדי: PREP,1cs
- וחקתיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- אסור: ADJ,ptcp,pas,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:23 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — Psalm 18 is a poetic parallel/duplicate of 2 Samuel 22, repeating the line about not putting away God’s statutes.
- Psalm 119:8 (verbal): Expresses the same determination to keep God’s statutes and not be forsaken, using similar language about keeping statutes.
- Joshua 1:8 (thematic): Commands the law not to depart from one’s mouth and to meditate on it day and night — thematically linked to keeping God’s statutes constantly before oneself.
- Deuteronomy 6:6–7 (thematic): Speaks of keeping God’s commandments in the heart and teaching them to one’s household, echoing the theme of internalizing and not abandoning God’s statutes.
Alternative generated candidates
- All his statutes were before me, and his decrees I did not put away from me.
- All his statutes were before me, and his ordinances I did not put away from me.
2 S.22.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואהיה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ואשתמרה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מעוני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:23 (verbal): Nearly identical line in the parallel song (Psalm 18), affirming David’s blamelessness and his keeping from iniquity.
- Psalm 26:1 (thematic): David appeals to the LORD to judge him for walking in integrity—echoing the claim of blameless conduct and avoidance of evil.
- Psalm 101:2-3 (thematic): A vow to live wisely and to reject wickedness in one’s household, reflecting the commitment to be blameless and to keep from sin.
- Proverbs 20:9 (thematic): Rhetorical question about human purity—contrasts common human impurity with the claim of having kept oneself from iniquity.
- Job 1:1 (thematic): Description of Job as upright, perfect, and one who eschews evil, paralleling the theme of personal blamelessness and avoidance of sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from my iniquity.
- I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from iniquity.
2 S.22.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כצדקתי: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- כברי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1,sg
- לנגד: PREP
- עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
Parallels
- Psalm 18:25 (quotation): Psalm 18 is the parallel/duplicate of 2 Samuel 22; verse 25 contains essentially the same wording about the LORD rewarding according to righteousness.
- Jeremiah 17:10 (thematic): Declares that God searches hearts and 'rewards each man according to his ways,' echoing the principle of divine recompense for righteousness.
- Psalm 62:12 (thematic): States that God will 'render to a man according to his work,' a closely related formulation of God repaying people according to their deeds.
- Romans 2:6 (thematic): Paul's summary that God 'will render to each one according to his works' reflects the same juridical principle of divine reward and judgment found in 2 Samuel 22:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his sight.
- Thus the LORD has recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight.
2 S.22.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עם: PREP
- חסיד: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- תתחסד: VERB,hitpael,impf,2,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תתמם: VERB,hitpael,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:25 (verbal): Nearly identical wording; Psalm 18 is a close literary parallel/duplication of 2 Samuel 22 and expresses the same reciprocity of God’s treatment (merciful ↔ merciful; blameless ↔ blameless).
- Matthew 5:7 (thematic): “Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy” — teaches the same principle that mercy toward others is linked to receiving mercy (reciprocal divine-human relationship).
- Luke 6:36 (thematic): “Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful” — emphasizes that God’s merciful character is reflected in reciprocal human-divine dealings, resonating with the verse’s mutuality.
- James 2:13 (thematic): “Judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.” — highlights the consequences of withholding mercy and the principle of reciprocal mercy/judgment related to the verse’s contrast of merciful/blameless treatment.
Alternative generated candidates
- With the merciful you will show yourself merciful; with the blameless you will show yourself blameless.
- To the merciful you show yourself merciful; to the mighty you show yourself mighty; to the blameless you show yourself blameless.
2 S.22.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עם: PREP
- נבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תתבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ועם: CONJ+PREP
- עקש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תתפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:26 (quotation): Verbatim parallel — Psalm 18 repeats 2 Samuel 22:27: God is pure toward the pure and perverse toward the crooked, the same wording and idea.
- Psalm 11:5 (thematic): Shares the theme that God distinguishes and judges the righteous and the wicked (the LORD 'tests' the righteous and the wicked), implying different divine responses based on moral character.
- Jeremiah 17:10 (thematic): Declares that God searches hearts and 'gives to each one according to his ways,' a close theological parallel about God dealing with people according to their moral disposition.
- Romans 2:6 (allusion): New Testament formulation of the same principle: God 'will render to each one according to his works,' reflecting impartial divine recompense for righteousness versus wickedness.
Alternative generated candidates
- With the pure you will show yourself pure; and with the perverse you will deal perversely.
- To the perverse you are shrewd; to the obstinate you are severe.
2 S.22.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עם: PREP
- עני: ADJ,m,sg
- תושיע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ועיניך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+suff(2ms)
- על: PREP
- רמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- תשפיל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Ps.18.27 (quotation): Psalm 18 is nearly identical to 2 Samuel 22; verse 27/28 repeats the same wording about God saving the humble and humbling the proud.
- Prov.3.34 (verbal): ‘He scorns the scorners but gives grace to the lowly’ — a proverb contrasting God’s treatment of the proud and the humble, linguistically and thematically close.
- James 4.6 (quotation): ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble’ — New Testament citation of the same contrast (drawing on the Proverbs tradition) that echoes 2 Sam 22:28.
- Luke 1.52 (thematic): Mary’s Magnificat: ‘He has put down the mighty... and exalted those of low degree’ — thematically parallels God’s humbling of the proud and lifting the lowly.
- 1 Pet.5.5 (verbal): ‘God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble’ — Pauline/early Christian echo of the same maxim about God’s stance toward pride and humility.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you will save the afflicted people, but you will bring down the haughty eyes.
- You save the afflicted people; but your eyes are on the haughty to bring them low.
2 S.22.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- נירי: NOUN,m,sg,pr-suff
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יגיה: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- חשכי: NOUN,m,sg,pr-suff
Parallels
- Pss.18:28 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplicate of 2 Samuel 22:29 in the parallel psalm: the Lord is pictured as 'my lamp' who lightens darkness.
- Ps.27:1 (thematic): Same metaphor of God as 'light' and salvation — God as deliverer who removes fear and darkness.
- Ps.119:105 (verbal): Uses the lamp/light metaphor for divine guidance: 'Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path,' echoing God as source of light in darkness.
- Isa.9:2 (thematic): Prophetic use of light overcoming darkness: those who walked in darkness have seen a great light, linking divine illumination with deliverance.
- John 8:12 (thematic): Jesus' self-description as 'the light of the world' continues the biblical theme of God (and God’s agent) as the one who dispels spiritual darkness.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you are my lamp, O LORD; the LORD will illumine my darkness.
- For you are my lamp, O LORD; the LORD makes my darkness bright.
2 S.22.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- בכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ארוץ: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- גדוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- אדלג: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- שור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:29 (verbal): Almost identical verse in the parallel song: 'By you I can run against a troop; by my God I can leap over a wall' — direct verbal parallel to 2 Sam 22:30.
- Habakkuk 3:19 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD as strength who makes the prophet's feet like hinds' feet so he can tread on high places — similar imagery of God enabling swift, supernatural mobility.
- Isaiah 40:31 (thematic): Promises renewed strength for those who wait on the LORD, picturing mounting up and running without weariness—the same theme of divine empowerment to overcome obstacles.
- Philippians 4:13 (thematic): Paul's statement 'I can do all things through him who strengthens me' echoes the New Testament equivalent of relying on divine strength to accomplish feats described in 2 Sam 22:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- By you I can run against a troop; by my God I can leap over a wall.
- For by you I can run against a troop, and by my God I can leap over a wall.
2 S.22.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דרכו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צרופה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- מגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- לכל: PREP
- החסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:30 (verbal): Nearly identical line in the parallel psalm: 'His way is perfect; the word of the LORD proves true; he is a shield for all who take refuge in him.' (Psalm 18 is the poetic parallel of 2 Sam 22.)
- Proverbs 30:5 (verbal): 'Every word of God proves true; he is a shield to those who take refuge in him.' Very close verbal parallel linking God's trustworthy word with his protection of those who trust him.
- Psalm 19:7 (thematic): 'The law of the LORD is perfect...' Shares the theme of divine perfection/truth — God's ways/word are flawless and life-giving.
- Psalm 91:4 (thematic): Speaks of God's protection for the one who trusts him ('his faithfulness is a shield and buckler', shelter/ refuge imagery), echoing the refuge-and-shield motif of 2 Sam 22:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- This God—his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried. He is a shield for all who take refuge in him.
- This God—his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried; he is a shield to all who take refuge in him.
2 S.22.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- אל: NEG
- מבלעדי: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומי: PRON,interr
- צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבלעדי: PREP
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 18:31 (quotation): Psalm 18:31 is virtually identical to 2 Samuel 22:32 — the line is quoted word-for-word in David's psalm of deliverance (2 Sam 22 and Ps 18 are parallel compositions).
- Exodus 15:11 (verbal): Exodus 15:11 asks 'Who is like you among the gods, O LORD?' — similar rhetorical question that extols Yahweh's uniqueness and matches the form and theme of 2 Sam 22:32.
- Psalm 86:8 (thematic): Psalm 86:8 declares there is none like the LORD among the gods, echoing the exclusive claim of 2 Sam 22:32 that no deity or rock exists aside from Yahweh.
- Isaiah 44:6 (thematic): Isaiah 44:6 ('I am the first and the last; besides me there is no god') expresses the same theological assertion of God's uniqueness and sole reliability found in 2 Sam 22:32.
Alternative generated candidates
- For who is God, but the LORD? and who is a rock, except our God?
- For who is God but the LORD? And who is a rock besides our God?
2 S.22.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מעוזי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+poss:1s
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:32 (quotation): Virtually identical line in the parallel psalm: 'God is my fortress; and he maketh my way perfect' — direct quotation/parallel of 2 Sam 22:33.
- Psalm 18:2 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of God as rock/fortress ('The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer'), echoing 'God is my fortress' in 2 Sam 22:33.
- Proverbs 3:6 (thematic): Promises divine guidance and rectification of one's path ('in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths'), paralleling the idea 'he makes my way perfect.'
- Psalm 71:3 (thematic): Petition for God to be 'a rock of habitation' and 'a strong fortress' — similar fortress/stronghold language and trust in God’s protective role as in 2 Sam 22:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- God is my strong rock and strength, and he makes my way perfect.
- God is my stronghold and my power; he makes my way perfect.
2 S.22.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משוה: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כאילות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- במותי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- יעמדני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg+1s
Parallels
- Psalm 18:33 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — 2 Samuel 22 is mirrored almost verbatim in Psalm 18; both read 'He makes my feet like the feet of a deer, and sets me upon my high places.'
- Habakkuk 3:19 (verbal): Uses the same image and wording ('He makes my feet like the feet of a deer/hind') to express God-given agility and exaltation, echoing the Davidic tradition.
- Psalm 40:2 (thematic): Similar theme of divine deliverance and elevation: 'He brought me up out of the pit... and set my feet upon a rock,' paralleling being lifted and placed on high ground.
- Psalm 17:5 (thematic): Speaks of God sustaining the psalmist's steps ('Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not'), thematically related to God making/steadying the feet so one can stand on high places.
Alternative generated candidates
- He makes my feet like hinds’ feet and sets me upon my high places.
- He makes my feet like the feet of a deer and sets me secure on the heights.
2 S.22.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלמד: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונחת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נחושה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- זרעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:34 (verbal): Nearly identical parallel—Psalm 18 repeats the same line: God trains the psalmist's hands for war and enables him to bend a bronze bow.
- Psalm 144:1 (verbal): Uses the same verb and idea: 'He trains my hands for war, my fingers for battle,' echoing divine empowerment for combat.
- Isaiah 49:2 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord making the servant's mouth a 'sharp sword'—a related theme of God equipping his agent with a weapon/ability for mission or conflict.
- Habakkuk 3:19 (thematic): Describes the LORD making the prophet's feet like a deer and enabling him to tread heights—another image of God supplying strength and skill for victorious action.
Alternative generated candidates
- He teaches my hands to fight, so that my arms bend a bow of bronze.
- He trains my hands for battle, so that my arms bend a bow of bronze.
2 S.22.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- מגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישעך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- וענתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- תרבני: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,obj:1,sg
Parallels
- Ps.18.35 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — 2 Samuel 22 is a song also preserved in Psalm 18; both texts read 'You have given me the shield of your salvation' and speak of God's support making the psalmist great.
- Ps.3.3 (verbal): Uses the image of God as a shield for the individual ('But you, O LORD, are a shield about me'), echoing the protective-shield motif of divine salvation in 2 Sam 22:36.
- Ps.28.7 (thematic): Affirms the theme of God as protector: 'The LORD is my strength and my shield,' paralleling the portrayal of God as the source of deliverance and defense.
- Ps.115.11 (verbal): Calls trusting worshipers to rely on the LORD because 'He is their help and shield,' a close verbal/thematic echo of God as shield and helper in 2 Sam 22:36.
- Gen.15.1 (allusion): God's promise to Abram 'I am your shield' provides a covenantal background for the biblical motif of God as shield and protector that underlies 2 Samuel 22:36.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have given me the shield of your salvation; your gentleness has made me great.
- You have given me the shield of your salvation; your gentleness has made me great.
2 S.22.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תרחיב: VERB,hiphil,impf,2,m,sg
- צעדי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1s
- תחתני: PREP
- ולא: CONJ
- מעדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- קרסלי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1s
Parallels
- Ps.18.36 (quotation): Psalm 18 is essentially the same song as 2 Samuel 22; Ps 18:36 is virtually identical in wording — 'Thou hast enlarged my steps under me, and my feet have not slipped.'
- Ps.40.2 (verbal): Speaks of God setting the psalmist's feet on a rock and establishing his goings — a similar image of God securing steps so the feet do not slip.
- Ps.37.23-24 (thematic): Declares that the LORD establishes a person's steps and though he may stumble he will not be utterly cast down — shares the theme of divine preservation of one’s walk.
- Prov.4.12 (verbal): Promises that when one walks his steps will not be impeded and he will not stumble — close lexical and conceptual parallel about secure, unstumbling steps.
Alternative generated candidates
- You enlarged my steps under me; my feet did not slip.
- You enlarged my steps under me, and my feet did not slip.
2 S.22.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ארדפה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- איבי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1s
- ואשמידם: VERB,hif,impf,1,_,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- אשוב: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- עד: PREP
- כלותם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+pr3mp
Parallels
- Ps.18:37 (quotation): Direct parallel/quotation—the same line in David’s song in the Psalter: ‘I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.’
- Ps.18:39 (thematic): Same victory motif in the same song-cycle: God gives strength for battle and David subdues those who rise against him (continuation of pursuit and defeat).
- Exod.15:9-10 (thematic): The Exodus victory-song also depicts pursuing enemies and their decisive destruction by divine action—similar imagery of pursuit and annihilation.
- Ps.35:8 (thematic): A Davidic plea/celebration where enemies are overtaken and brought to ruin—shares the theme of pursuit and the enemy’s overthrow.
Alternative generated candidates
- I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn again until they were consumed.
- I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.
2 S.22.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואכלם: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- ואמחצם: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יקומון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- תחת: PREP
- רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
Parallels
- Psalm 18:39 (verbal): Psalm 18 is essentially the same song as 2 Samuel 22; this verse repeats the same language about crushing enemies so they do not rise and fall under the psalmist's feet (verbal parallel/duplicate).
- Psalm 18:40 (thematic): Immediate context in the same song continues the theme of subduing enemies (giving their necks, destroying those who hate him), closely related thematically to the image of foes falling under the feet.
- 2 Samuel 8:2 (thematic): Narrative summary of David's military victories (defeating Moab and subduing enemies) — same theme of David crushing and subjugating hostile peoples.
- 1 Chronicles 18:2 (structural): Chronicles retells David’s conquests in language of subjugation (making nations lie down, exacting tribute), paralleling the image of foes being defeated and falling under the king’s feet.
Alternative generated candidates
- I crushed them, and they could not rise; they fell under my feet.
- I consumed them and crushed them; they could not rise; they fell under my feet.
2 S.22.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותזרני: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תכריע: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- קמי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תחתני: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:39 (quotation): Near-identical line in David’s song (Psalm 18) — God girds him for battle and subdues those who rose up against him under his feet.
- Psalm 144:1 (thematic): Speaks of God as the one who trains/strengthens hands for war ('teacheth my hands to war'), echoing the theme of divine enabling for battle.
- 1 Samuel 17:47 (thematic): David’s declaration that the battle belongs to the LORD and that God gives victory over foes, paralleling the motif of God granting success in combat.
- Romans 16:20 (verbal): Uses the imagery of God crushing/subduing enemies 'under your feet,' echoing the motif of enemies being subdued beneath the righteous/servant.
Alternative generated candidates
- You girded me with strength for the battle; you subdued under me those who rose up against me.
- You girded me with strength for battle; you made those who rose against me stoop under me.
2 S.22.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיבי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- תתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ערף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- משנאי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- ואצמיתם: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:40 (quotation): Direct parallel/near-duplicate text: Psalm 18 repeats 2 Samuel 22 almost verbatim—'You gave me the necks of my enemies...' is the same line in the Psalm.
- Psalm 18:39 (structural): Immediate context in the Psalm/2 Sam parallel: the preceding verse speaks of God subduing those who rise against the king, providing the context for receiving the 'necks of my enemies.'
- Psalm 18:41 (structural): Following verse in the Psalm/2 Sam parallel: continues the narrative of the enemies' defeat and unanswered cry, forming the same poetic unit about divine vindication.
- Psalm 44:5 (thematic): Similar theme of God granting victory over foes: 'Through you we push down our foes; through your name we tread down those who rise up against us,' echoing the idea that God gives the defeat of enemies into the people's/king's hand.
- Psalm 108:13 (thematic): Expresses the same theological claim—victory over enemies is secured by God: 'With God we shall do valiantly; he it is who will tread down our foes'—paralleling the motif of God delivering enemies into one's power.
Alternative generated candidates
- You made my enemies turn their backs to me, and I destroyed those who hated me.
- You made my enemies turn their backs before me, and those who hated me I cut off.
2 S.22.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ישעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- משיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ענם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ps.18.41 (verbal): Psalm 18 is essentially the same song as 2 Samuel 22; v.41/2Sam.22:42 uses the same wording about calling on the LORD and receiving no answer (direct verbal parallel).
- Prov.1.28-29 (verbal): Explicitly says 'they shall call upon me, but I will not answer'—a close verbal and thematic resonance about God not answering those who have rejected wisdom/God.
- Jer.11.11 (thematic): Judgment oracle: though the nations/people may cry out, God declares he will not listen—parallels the theme of enemies/callers receiving no answer from the LORD.
- Isa.1.15 (thematic): God refuses to hear the prayers of those whose hands are filled with evil—thematically parallels the motif of cries going unanswered by the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cried, but there was none to save; even to the LORD, but he answered them not.
- They cried, but there was no one to save; even to the LORD, but he did not answer them.
2 S.22.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשחקם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כטיט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חוצות: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- אדקם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ארקעם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:42 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — Psalm 18 is a near-identical poetic rendering of the same victory-song language about crushing foes like dust and trampling them like mud in the streets.
- Psalm 72:9 (thematic): Uses similar defeat-imagery—enemies brought low/’licking the dust’—conveying total humiliation and subjugation of foes.
- Isaiah 63:3 (verbal): Divine trampling imagery: God as one who treads and tramples enemies in wrath, echoing the theme of crushing adversaries underfoot.
- Romans 16:20 (allusion): New Testament echo of the motif of God (or God’s power) crushing enemies under the righteous’ feet—uses the same image of crushing as final defeat.
- Revelation 19:15 (structural): Apocalyptic extension of the trampling/winepress motif—depicts the eschatological crushing of God’s enemies, resonating with the torrent of imagery of stamping out foes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I beat them small as the dust of the earth; I crushed them and stamped them like clay in the streets.
- I beat them small as the dust of the earth; I crushed them like the mire of the streets.
2 S.22.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותפלטני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מריבי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- תשמרני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עם: PREP
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- יעבדני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:44 (quotation): Almost identical wording — 2 Sam 22 is largely parallel to Psalm 18; both speak of deliverance from the people’s strife and unknown nations serving the king.
- Psalm 72:11 (thematic): Prayer that all kings and nations will bow and serve the king — echoes the motif of foreign peoples serving the sovereign in 2 Sam 22:44.
- Isaiah 49:23 (allusion): Speaks of kings and peoples serving and honoring Israel (‘kings as nursing fathers… nations as foster-children’), a similar image of previously unknown nations serving.
- Psalm 86:9 (thematic): Declares that all nations made by God will come and worship him — parallels the theme of Gentile/nations’ submission and service in 2 Sam 22:44.
Alternative generated candidates
- You delivered me from the strivings of my people; you made me the head of the nations; a people I had not known served me.
- You rescued me from my strong enemy; you set me as head of nations; a people I did not know shall serve me.
2 S.22.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יתכחשו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לשמוע: PREP+INF,qal
- אזן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישמעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,mp
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:44 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Psalm 18 (the psalmic form of David's song): strangers/foreigners submit and, when they hear, obey — same wording and function as 2 Sam 22:45.
- Psalm 18:43 (verbal): Immediate context in the Psalm/2 Samuel parallel: speaks of being exalted over nations and unknown peoples serving David, reinforcing the motif of foreigners submitting.
- Psalm 72:11 (thematic): Royal/kingly petition that all kings and nations will bow and serve the king — parallels the theme of foreign peoples submitting to the Davidic ruler.
- Psalm 86:9 (thematic): Prayer that all the nations God has made will come and worship the LORD, echoing the idea of Gentile nations acknowledging and submitting.
Alternative generated candidates
- Strangers submitted to me; as soon as they heard, they obeyed me.
- Strangers submit to me; as soon as they hear they obey me.
2 S.22.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויחגרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ממסגרותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 18:45 (verbal): Near-identical wording and meaning—2 Samuel 22 is largely identical to Psalm 18; both say that strangers/foreigners will fade away and be put to shame.
- Psalm 18:44 (structural): Immediate context in the parallel Psalm: speaks of strangers submitting and then fading away (Psalm 18:44–45), providing the broader structural context for v.46 of 2 Samuel 22.
- Exodus 23:27 (thematic): God will send terror/avenging before Israel so that enemies/foreign peoples will be defeated or perish—theme of divine action causing foreigners to fail echoes 2 Sam 22:46.
- Joshua 23:5 (thematic): Assurance that not one of Israel’s enemies will be able to stand before them; thematically parallels the promise that foreign foes will fade away or be removed.
Alternative generated candidates
- Foreigners lost heart and came trembling from their strongholds.
- Foreigners faint and come trembling from their strongholds.
2 S.22.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חי: ADJ,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וברוך: CONJ+ADJ,ptc,pass,NA,m,sg,abs
- צורי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- וירם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:46 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — 2 Sam 22 is a song identical to Psalm 18; the line ‘The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock’ appears there.
- Psalm 18:2 (verbal): Same poetical vocabulary: God as 'my rock' and 'my salvation' (strength/deliverer), echoing the imagery of the verse.
- Psalm 62:6 (verbal): Declares God as 'my rock and my salvation,' closely matching the combined motifs of rock/stronghold and salvation in 2 Sam 22:47.
- Exodus 15:2 (thematic): Moses' victory song calls the LORD 'my strength and my song... he is become my salvation,' paralleling the theme of God as the singer's saving Rock.
- Isaiah 12:2 (thematic): A prophetic hymn proclaiming 'God is my salvation' and calling for trust/exaltation of the LORD, echoing the praise and exaltation of God as savior in 2 Sam 22:47.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD lives, and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of my salvation,
- The LORD lives! Blessed be my rock! Exalted be God, the rock of my salvation!
2 S.22.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נקמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ומוריד: VERB,hiph,part,m,sg
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- תחתני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:47 (verbal): Almost identical verse in the parallel psalm: God is credited with giving vengeance and subduing peoples under the psalmist (verbal parallel to 2 Sam 22:48).
- Psalm 44:5 (thematic): Speaks of God enabling the people to push down adversaries and tread down those who rise against them—theme of God granting victory over nations/peoples.
- Deuteronomy 32:35 (allusion): “Vengeance is mine, and recompense” — the motif of divine vengeance/justice that God delegates or executes on behalf of his people.
- Romans 12:19 (thematic): New Testament citation of the divine prerogative of vengeance (‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay’), reflecting the same theological claim about God’s role in retribution.
- Nahum 1:2 (thematic): Describes the LORD as jealous and avenging, a God who takes vengeance and wrath—parallel emphasis on God as avenger over nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- the God who gives me vengeance and brings down peoples under me,
- The God who gives me vengeance and subdues peoples under me.
2 S.22.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומוציאי: VERB,hiphil,ptc,3,m,sg
- מאיבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cs
- ומקמי: VERB,hiphil,ptc,3,m,sg
- תרוממני: VERB,hiphil,impf,2,m,sg
- מאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תצילני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:48 (quotation): Almost word‑for‑word parallel — Psalm 18 repeats the same lines celebrating God’s deliverance from enemies and rescue from men of violence (Psalm 18 is the hymn version of 2 Sam 22).
- Psalm 18:17 (verbal): Uses the same root idea/verbs of being rescued/delivered from a powerful enemy; part of the same victory‑psalm tradition emphasizing divine rescue.
- Psalm 140:1-2 (verbal): A petition to God to deliver and preserve from evil/violent men — echoes the formula 'deliver me from my enemies… from men of violence' found in 2 Sam 22:49.
- Psalm 59:1-2 (thematic): A plea for protection from hostile, violent opponents — thematically parallels the cry for rescue from enemies and men of violence in 2 Sam 22:49.
Alternative generated candidates
- who delivers me from my enemies, and lifts me up above those who rise against me; you rescue me from the violent man.
- He brought me out from my enemies; you exalted me above those who rose up against me; you delivered me from violent men.
2 S.22.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- אודך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg+OBJ,2,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולשמך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,2,ms
- אזמר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 18:49 (verbal): Psalm 18:49 is the direct poetic parallel/duplicate of 2 Samuel 22:50 (both are David's song) and uses essentially the same wording about giving thanks to the LORD among the nations and singing to his name.
- Romans 15:9 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites this OT line to show that Gentiles might glorify God: 'that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy... I will give praise to you among the Gentiles, and sing to your name'—a New Testament quotation of the verse.
- Psalm 117:1 (thematic): Calls all nations/peoples to praise the LORD ('Praise the LORD, all nations! Extol him, all peoples!'), sharing the same theme of praising God among the nations.
- Psalm 96:3 (thematic): Urges declaring God's glory and marvelous deeds 'among the nations'—a parallel motif of proclaiming and praising God's name to the peoples of the nations.
- Isaiah 12:4 (thematic): Encourages making known and calling upon the LORD's name 'among the peoples,' echoing the motif of thanksgiving and public praise of God's name among the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I will give thanks to you, O LORD, among the nations, and I will sing praises to your name.
- Therefore I will give thanks to the LORD among the nations, and to your name I will sing praises.
2 S.22.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מגדול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישועות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשיחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולזרעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 18:50 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — the song in 2 Samuel 22 is repeated as Psalm 18, declaring God gives great victories to his king and shows steadfast love to his anointed, to David and his offspring.
- 2 Samuel 7:16 (thematic): God’s covenant promise that David’s house, kingdom, and throne will be established forever echoes the pledge of divine favor toward David and his seed.
- Psalm 89:3-4 (thematic): Affirms God’s sworn covenant to David — establishing his offspring and throne for all generations, reinforcing the eternal aspect of God’s steadfast love to the anointed.
- Luke 1:32-33 (allusion): The angel’s announcement that Jesus will inherit David’s throne and reign forever applies the Davidic promise of an enduring kingship to the Messiah, showing the covenant’s fulfillment in the New Testament.
Alternative generated candidates
- Great deliverance belongs to the king; and you show steadfast love to your anointed, to David and to his offspring forever.”
- He is the tower of salvation for his king, and shows steadfast love to his anointed— to David and to his offspring forever.
And David spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
He said: The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer.
My God, my rock—in him I take refuge; my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold, my refuge—he saves me from violence.
I call on the LORD, who is to be praised, and I am saved from my enemies.
For the breakers of death encompassed me; the torrents of ruin overwhelmed me.
The cords of Sheol were round about me; the snares of death took hold on me.
In my distress I called on the LORD; to my God I cried. He heard my voice from his temple, and my cry came to his ears.
Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of the heavens quaked and were shaken, because he was angry.
Smoke went up from his nostrils, and devouring fire from his mouth; glowing coals blazed forth from him.
He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness was under his feet.
He rode on a cherub and flew; he soared on the wings of the wind.
He made darkness his canopy round about him—shelters of rain, thick clouds of the skies.
From the brightness before him coals of fire were kindled.
The LORD thundered from the heavens; the Most High uttered his voice.
He sent out arrows and scattered them; lightning, and routed them.
The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
He sent from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.
He rescued me from my mighty enemy, from those who hated me, for they were too strong for me.
They confronted me on the day of my calamity, but the LORD was my support.
He brought me out into a broad place; he rescued me, because he delighted in me.
The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness he repaid me.
For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not wickedly departed from my God.
For all his ordinances were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.
I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from my iniquity. And the LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness before his eyes.
With the merciful you show yourself merciful; with the blameless you show yourself blameless.
With the pure you show yourself pure; but with the crooked you deal shrewdly.
You save the lowly people, but your eyes are on the haughty to bring them low.
For you are my lamp, O LORD; the LORD brings my darkness into light.
For by you I can run against a troop; by my God I can leap over a wall.
This God—his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried; he is a shield to all who take refuge in him.
For who is God, besides the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God?
God is my strong fortress, the rock of my might; he makes my way blameless.
He makes my feet like those of a deer, and sets me upon my high places.
He trains my hands for battle, so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
You have given me the shield of your salvation; your gentleness made me great.
You enlarged my steps under me, and my feet did not slip.
I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.
I consumed them, and they could not rise; they fell under my feet.
You girded me with strength for battle; you subdued under me those who rose up against me.
You made my enemies turn their backs to me, and those who hated me I destroyed.
They cried for help, but there was none to save—unto the LORD, but he did not answer them.
I ground them small as dust of the earth; I crushed them, like the mire of the streets I swept them away.
You rescued me from the strivings of my people; you kept me to be the head of nations; a people whom I had not known served me.
Foreigners came cringing to me; as soon as they heard, they obeyed me.
Foreigners lost heart and came trembling from their strongholds.
The LORD lives, and blessed be my rock; and exalted be God, the rock of my salvation.
God—who gave me vengeance and brought peoples under me,
who delivered me from my enemies—yes, you lifted me above those who rose against me; you rescued me from the violent man.
Therefore I will give thanks to you among the nations, O LORD, and to your name I will sing praises.
Great deliverance he gives to his king; he shows steadfast love to his anointed, to David and to his descendants forever.