Deliverance from Assyria and Judgment on Nations
Micah 5:6-15
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Mic.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בקרב: PREP
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כטל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כרביבים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יקוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ייחל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לבני: PREP
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hosea 14:5 (verbal): God likened to dew on Israel—'I will be as the dew unto Israel'—using the same divine‑dew imagery of blessing and refreshing as Micah's 'dew from the LORD.'
- Psalm 133:3 (verbal): The blessing of unity is compared to 'the dew of Hermon' falling on Zion; shares the motif of dew as a God‑given, life‑giving blessing.
- Isaiah 10:20-22 (thematic): Speaks of a 'remnant' of Israel returning and surviving after judgment—parallel theme of a preserved remnant among the nations in Micah 5:6.
- Amos 9:9 (thematic): God will sift Israel among the nations yet preserve a remnant ('not the least grain shall fall'); parallels Micah's image of a remnant dwelling 'among many peoples' and preserved by Yahweh.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many peoples; like the dew of the LORD, like showers upon the grass— they do not wait for man, nor tarry for the children of men.
- And the remnant of Jacob shall be among many peoples like dew from the LORD, like showers upon the grass that do not wait for man and do not look to the children of men.
Mic.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בקרב: PREP
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כאריה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבהמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככפיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעדרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אם: CONJ
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורמס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וטרף: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מציל: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 49:9 (thematic): Jacob's blessing calls Judah a 'lion's whelp'—uses the lion as the primary symbol of Israel/Judah's strength and dominance, paralleling Micah's image of the remnant as a lion among the nations.
- Hosea 5:14 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel: 'I will be like a lion to Ephraim... I will tear and go away, and none shall rescue.' Echoes Micah's language of tearing/trampling and 'none to deliver.'
- Judges 14:5–6 (allusion): Samson's encounter with a lion ('the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him... he tore him') reflects the motif of a lion overwhelming its prey—an image used in Micah to portray decisive, unstoppable force.
- Revelation 5:5 (thematic): The risen Lord is called the 'Lion of the tribe of Judah'—a New Testament appropriation of the lion motif for Israel's royal/eschatological victory that resonates with Micah's portrayal of the remnant as a conquering lion.
- Ezekiel 19:2–6 (thematic): Ezekiel's lament uses lion imagery for princes who 'took the prey'—another prophetic use of the lion to signify royal/predatory power, comparable to Micah's depiction of Israel's remnant among the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the remnant of Jacob among the nations shall be in the midst of many peoples, like a lion among the beasts of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep— if he goes through, he treads down and tears, and there is none to deliver.
- And the remnant of Jacob among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, shall be like a lion among the beasts of the forest, like a young lion among flocks of sheep—if he passes through, he tramples and tears, and there is none to deliver.
Mic.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תרם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- על: PREP
- צריך: ADJ,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- איביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יכרתו: VERB,niphal,imf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 82:3-4 (thematic): Calls rulers to defend the poor and needy and to rescue them from the hand of the wicked—echoes Micah’s concern about mistreatment of the needy.
- Isaiah 10:2 (verbal): Condemns leaders who ‘turn aside the needy from justice’ and take from the poor—language and theme parallel Micah’s rebuke of harming the poor.
- Zechariah 7:9-10 (thematic): Exhorts people not to oppress the widow, the orphan, the foreigner or the poor—similar social‑justice injunction against mistreating the needy.
- Amos 2:6-7 (verbal): Accuses Israel of trampling the poor, taking levies and selling the righteous for silver—directly parallels prophetic denunciation of exploitation of the needy.
- Proverbs 14:31 (thematic): States that oppressing the poor is an affront to their Maker and honoring the needy honors God—reflects the moral principle behind Micah’s critique of raising a hand against the poor.
Alternative generated candidates
- Lift up your hand no more against your adversaries; and all your enemies shall be cut off.
- Lift up your hand against the adversary, and let all your enemies be cut off.
Mic.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms,sg
- סוסיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- מקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- והאבדתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,*,sg
- מרכבתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:2,m,sg
Parallels
- Zechariah 9:10 (verbal): Uses similar language about cutting off chariots and horses—removal of military power and the coming of peace; close verbal and thematic parallel to Micah's judgment on martial forces.
- Psalm 20:7 (thematic): Explicitly contrasts trust in chariots and horses with trust in the LORD; thematically echoes Micah's denunciation/removal of reliance on military might.
- Isaiah 31:1 (thematic): Condemns those who seek help in Egypt and rely on horses and chariots; shares Micah's theme that reliance on horses/chariots is futile and subject to divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall be in that day, declares the LORD, I will cut off your horses from among you and destroy your chariots.
- And it shall be in that day, declares the LORD, that I will cut off your horses from your midst and destroy your chariots.
Mic.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms,sg
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ארצך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והרסתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- כל: DET
- מבצריך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Micah 3:12 (structural): Within the same book: a parallel judgment oracle that Zion/Jerusalem will be razed ("plowed as a field"), connecting Micah’s theme of destroying cities and strongholds.
- Leviticus 26:31 (verbal): Part of the covenant curses: God says he will make your cities waste and break down your high places — similar language and motive for divine destruction of cities.
- Deuteronomy 28:52-57 (thematic): Deuteronomic curse describing siege, plundering and devastation of towns and strongholds—a covenantal precedent for the promise to cut off cities.
- Isaiah 34:8-10 (thematic): A prophetic depiction of nations’ cities made desolate and their strongholds destroyed—comparable imagery of total urban ruin as divine judgment.
- Nahum 3:8-10 (thematic): Oracle against Nineveh portraying the city and its fortifications laid waste; echoes Micah’s theme of cutting off cities and overturning strongholds.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will cut off the cities of your land, and I will raze all your strongholds.
- I will cut off the cities of your land and lay waste all your strongholds.
Mic.5.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms,sg
- כשפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ומעוננים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 18:10-12 (verbal): Explicit prohibition of divination, witchcraft, and soothsayers—legal parallel to Micah’s promise that sorceries and soothsayers will be removed.
- Leviticus 19:31 (verbal): Warning not to turn to familiar spirits or wizards; echoes the injunction against consulting soothsayers and the theme of purging such practices.
- Exodus 22:18 (verbal): Command against allowing a witch to live—another clear Old Testament prohibition against sorcery that resonates with Micah’s cutting off of sorceries.
- Ezekiel 13:18-23 (thematic): God’s judgment on false prophetesses and their enchantments; like Micah, Ezekiel depicts divine removal of deceptive magic and diviners from the community.
- Isaiah 47:12-13 (thematic): Taunt against Babylon’s enchantments and astrologers—images of magic and counselors that ultimately fail, paralleling Micah’s announcement that sorcery and soothsayers will cease.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will cut off sorcery from your hand; and you shall have no soothsayers.
- I will cut off sorcery from your hand; and you shall have no more diviners.
Mic.5.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms,sg
- פסיליך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומצבותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- ולא: CONJ
- תשתחוה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- למעשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 12:3 (verbal): Commands Israel to break down altars, dash in pieces pillars and burn Asherim—language and action parallel Micah's promise to remove Asherim and graven images.
- Exodus 34:13 (verbal): God orders the destruction of Canaanite altars and Asherim so Israel will not bow down to other gods; closely mirrors Micah's condemnation of worshiping works of hands.
- Ezekiel 6:4 (thematic): Prophetic judgment that altars and incense places will be desolate and carved images cut down—shares the theme of divine removal of idolatrous objects among the people.
- Isaiah 2:20 (thematic): Declares that people will cast away the images of silver and gold and go into caves—similar outcome to Micah's promise that idol-worship (bowing to works of hands) will cease.
- Psalm 115:4-8 (allusion): Contrast between living God and lifeless man-made idols; the psalm's critique of bowing to 'the work of men's hands' echoes Micah's denunciation of worshiping graven images.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will cut off your carved images and your pillars from among you; and you shall no more bow down to the work of your hands.
- I will cut off your carved images and your pillars from your midst, and you shall no longer bow down to the work of your hands.
Mic.5.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתשתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אשיריך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- מקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- והשמדתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,sg
- עריך: NOUN,f,pl,const
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 12:2 (verbal): Commands Israel to 'utterly destroy' the places where the nations served their gods—parallels Micah's promise to uproot carved images and destroy pagan cult-places/strongholds.
- 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah 'removed the high places, broke the pillars, cut down the Asherim'—an act of pulling up idols and cultic symbols like Micah's removal of carved images and destruction of sites.
- Ezekiel 6:4-6 (verbal): Prophetic judgment declaring altars and cultic posts will be desolate and the land made waste—closely parallels the imagery of uprooting idols and destroying cities in Micah 5:13.
- Isaiah 2:18 (thematic): Declares that idols will be utterly abolished and ashamed—echoes Micah's promise to remove carved images from the midst of the people.
- Psalm 97:7 (thematic): States that those who worship images are put to shame and idols perish—poetic reflection on the fate of idols comparable to Micah's destruction of images and cities.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will root up your Asherah poles from among you, and I will destroy your cities.
- And I will uproot your Asherah poles from your midst, and I will destroy your cities.
Mic.5.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,common,sg
- באף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובחמה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:35 (verbal): God declares ‘Vengeance is mine; I will repay’ — a similar divine assertion of executing recompense/judgment.
- Romans 12:19 (quotation): NT citation of the Deuteronomic formula (‘Vengeance is mine…’), echoing the principle that God will avenge rather than humans.
- Nahum 1:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord as avenger full of wrath against nations; parallels Micah’s theme of divine vengeance on unheeding peoples.
- Isaiah 63:4 (verbal): ‘For the day of vengeance was in my heart’ — explicit language of God’s intent to repay and punish, closely paralleling Micah’s wording and theme.
- Zephaniah 3:8 (thematic): God announces rising up to seize judgment on the nations/peoples — a prophetic proclamation of divine retribution like Micah’s.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the nations that would not heed.
- And in anger and in wrath I will take vengeance on the nations that did not listen.
And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many peoples like dew from the LORD, like showers upon the grass that do not wait for man, nor tarry for the children of men. And the remnant of Jacob among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, shall be like a lion among the beasts of the forest, like a young lion among flocks of sheep; when he passes through he tramples and tears, and there is none to deliver.
Then shall his hand be lifted up over his adversaries, and all his enemies shall be cut off. And it shall be on that day, says the LORD, that I will cut off your horses from your midst and will destroy your chariots. And I will cut off the cities of your land and will destroy all your strongholds.
I will cut off sorceries from your hand; and you shall have no more diviners.
I will cut off your idols and your standing stones from among you; you shall no longer bow down to the work of your hands.
I will uproot your Asherah poles from among you, and I will destroy your cities. And I will take vengeance in anger and in fury on the nations that did not listen.