Vision of Four Beasts and the Son of Man
Daniel 7:1-14
Dan.7.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבלאשצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וחזוי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ראשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- משכבה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באדין: ADV
- חלמא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Dan.2.1 (structural): Both verses open with a dateline tied to a Babylonian king's reign and introduce a court dream/vision that sets an extended prophetic/apocalyptic sequence.
- Dan.8.1 (verbal): Uses a closely similar first‑person visionary formula tied to the years of Belshazzar’s reign—same genre convention of ‘a vision appeared to me’ and dating by the king.
- Ezek.1:1-3 (thematic): Like Daniel 7.1, Ezekiel begins with a dated formula and the report of a heavenly vision; both establish prophetic authority and an apocalyptic visionary framework.
- Rev.4:1 (allusion): John’s apocalyptic opening (‘After this I looked… a door standing open in heaven’) parallels Daniel’s visionary-introduction formula and shows continuity of apocalyptic vision conventions in later literature.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed; then he wrote the dream down, and related the sum of the matters.
- In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream and visions as he lay on his bed; then he wrote the dream down and related the main points.
Dan.7.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בחזוי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עם: PREP
- ליליא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארו: CONJ
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- רוחי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- שמיא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מגיחן: VERB,ptc,pres,3,m,pl
- לימא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רבא: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Revelation 7:1 (verbal): Uses the image of four winds (of the earth) in an apocalyptic context; verbal and thematic echo of cosmic winds directing eschatological action.
- Zechariah 6:5 (thematic): Speaks of movement 'to the four winds of heaven' (horses/chariots sent to the four winds); shares the motif of the four winds as divine agents sent to the four quarters.
- Ezekiel 1:4 (thematic): A visionary opening featuring a powerful wind/storm from heaven accompanying a vision of celestial beings—parallel in prophetic, visionary use of wind imagery.
- Daniel 8:2 (structural): Another Daniel vision introduced with the formula 'I saw in a vision'/'in the vision at night'; parallels the literary frame and nocturnal visionary setting of 7:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Daniel declared, "I saw in my vision by night, and behold—the four winds of heaven were stirring up the great sea.
- I, Daniel, answered and said: I saw in my vision by night, and behold—the four winds of heaven were stirring up the great sea.
Dan.7.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- חיון: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רברבן: ADJ,m,pl
- סלקן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מן: PREP
- ימא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שנין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- דא: PRON,dem,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- דא: PRON,dem,m,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 13:1 (allusion): A beast rises out of the sea in John's vision; John adopts Daniel's motif of a sea-born composite beast as a symbol of hostile world power.
- Revelation 17:3-7 (allusion): The great beast with heads and horns and the sea-setting recalls and reworks Daniel 7's beasts and horn imagery; John interprets imperial/political powers through Danielic symbols.
- Ezekiel 1:5-10 (thematic): Ezekiel's four living creatures, each different in form, reflect an older Israelite symbolic pattern of four distinct creatures representing cosmic or divine order, analogous to Daniel's four diverse beasts.
- Daniel 7:17 (verbal): An internal interpretation: the chapter itself explains that the four great beasts are 'four kings' (or kingdoms), directly identifying the meaning of the vision in 7:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And four great beasts came up out of the sea, each different from the other.
- And four great beasts came up out of the sea, each different from the others.
Dan.7.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קדמיתא: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- כאריה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגפין: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מריטו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,sg
- גפיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,sg
- ונטילת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- ארעא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- רגלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כאנש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקימת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ולבב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אנש: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהיב: VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Dan.2:31-45 (structural): Both passages present a sequence of world kingdoms in symbolic form; the four beasts of Dan 7 correspond to the four parts of Nebuchadnezzar's statue in Dan 2 (the first kingdom identified with Babylon).
- Dan.4:8,33-34 (thematic): Nebuchadnezzar's humiliation and later restoration to a 'human' mind echoes the beast's wings being plucked and its standing 'on feet like a man' and receiving a human heart—both texts treat loss/restoration of kingly status and reason.
- Ezek.1:10 (verbal): Ezekiel's living creatures bear faces of a lion, an eagle, a man and an ox; the shared animal imagery (lion and eagle) links symbolic language used to portray power and divine-creature imagery in prophetic/apocalyptic vision.
- Ezek.17:3-6 (verbal): An eagle with large wings that plucks the top of a cedar resonates with the image of wings and plucking in Dan 7:4; both use eagle imagery to depict imperial action and change of fortune.
- Rev.13:2 (allusion): John's composite beast (with features like a leopard, bear, and lion) echoes Daniel's beast typology; Revelation draws on Daniel's apocalyptic bestiary to portray successive or composite empires.
Alternative generated candidates
- The first was like a lion and had eagle's wings. I watched until its wings were plucked off; it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on its feet like a man, and a human heart was given to it.
- The first was like a lion and had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off, and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet like a man; a human heart was given to it.
Dan.7.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וארו: CONJ
- חיוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- אחרי: PREP
- תנינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- לדב: PREP
- ולשטר: VERB,qal,inf
- חד: NUM,card,m,sg
- הקמת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ותלת: NUM,card,pl
- עלעין: ADV
- בפמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בין: PREP
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכן: ADV
- אמרין: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- קומי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- אכלי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שגיא: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 13:2 (verbal): Revelation explicitly borrows Daniel's beast-imagery: the sea-beast is described with features of leopard, bear, and lion, echoing Daniel's composite beasts and the motif of frightening, devouring empires.
- Daniel 8:3-4 (thematic): Daniel 8's ram with two horns, one higher than the other, parallels the description here of a beast 'raised up on one side'—both images denote the Medo‑Persian power and unequal dominance of its components.
- Daniel 2:31-45 (thematic): Daniel 2's statue vision and Daniel 7's beasts are parallel frameworks for successive world empires culminating in God's everlasting kingdom; both use symbolic images to portray the same sequence of powers.
- Ezekiel 1:10 (structural): Ezekiel's living-creatures combine multiple animal features (lion, ox, eagle, man), providing an earlier prophetic precedent for composite symbolic beasts that represent powers or attributes, similar to Daniel's beast-symbolism.
Alternative generated candidates
- And behold another beast, like a bear, raised up on one side. It had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth; and they said to it, "Arise, devour much flesh.'"
- And behold, another beast, like a bear, raised up on one side; it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth, and they said to it, "Arise, devour much flesh."
Dan.7.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- באתר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- וארו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
- כנמר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולה: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- גפין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- גבה: ADJ,m,sg
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- ראשין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לחיותא: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלטן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Dan.7.4 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same vision: the preceding beast is described with animal imagery and wings (a lion with eagle's wings), showing the pattern of hybrid beasts with wings and heads in Daniel's four-beast sequence.
- Dan.8.5-8 (thematic): The he-goat whose great horn is broken and gives rise to four notable horns parallels the leopard with four heads/wings here; both passages depict a Macedonian/Greek empire that splits into four parts after Alexander.
- Dan.7.23 (structural): Explicit interpretation within Daniel: the four beasts collectively represent four kingdoms. This verse functions as the book's interpretive key linking the beast imagery (including the leopard with four heads) to successive empires.
- Dan.2.31-45 (thematic): The statue vision outlines a sequence of four kingdoms culminating in God's eternal kingdom, thematically paralleling Daniel 7's four beasts (including the four-headed leopard) as representations of successive empires.
- Rev.13:1-2 (allusion): John's composite sea-beast (heads, horns, and authority granted by a greater power) echoes Danielic beast imagery—heads and dominion—suggesting New Testament allusion to Daniel's visions of imperial powers.
Alternative generated candidates
- After this I saw a beast like a leopard, which had four wings of a bird on its back and four heads, and dominion was given to it.
- After this I saw, and behold, another like a leopard, with four wings of a bird on its back; it had four heads, and dominion was given to it.
Dan.7.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- באתר: PREP
- דנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בחזוי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ליליא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארו: CONJ
- חיוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- רביעאה: ADJ,ord,sg,f
- דחילה: ADJ,f,sg
- ואימתני: ADJ,f,sg
- ותקיפא: ADJ,f,sg
- יתירא: ADV
- ושנין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- רברבן: ADJ,m,pl
- אכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ומדקה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ושארא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ברגלה: PREP
- רפסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- והיא: CONJ+PRON,3,f,sg
- משניה: ADJ,f,sg
- מן: PREP
- כל: DET
- חיותא: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדמיה: ADV
- וקרנין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Dan.2.40 (verbal): The fourth kingdom is described as ‘like iron’ that breaks and shatters—parallels the fourth beast’s ‘iron teeth’ and its violent, crushing behavior.
- Dan.7.19-25 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same vision that analyzes the fourth beast and its horns (including the arising of the little horn), giving the fuller narrative and interpretation of v.7’s imagery.
- Dan.7.23 (structural): Explicit interpretation within the chapter that the fourth beast represents a fourth kingdom different from the previous beasts, directly explicating the significance of the creature seen in v.7.
- Rev.13.1-2 (allusion): John’s beast combines features of earlier beasts (like a leopard, bear, lion) and has horns—an intentional echo of Daniel’s composite/beast imagery and the motif of a terrifying imperial power.
- Rev.17.12-13 (thematic): The ten horns are interpreted as ten kings allied with the beast, reflecting the same symbolic use of ten horns in Daniel 7:7 and its later interpretation as political powers.
Alternative generated candidates
- After this I saw in the vision a fourth beast, terrifying and dreadful and exceedingly strong; it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces and stamped what was left with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.
- After this I saw in the night visions a fourth beast, dreadful and terrifying and exceedingly strong; it had large iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces and stamped what remained with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.
Dan.7.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משתכל: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בקרניא: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואלו: CONJ
- קרן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- זעירה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- סלקת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ביניהן: PREP+PRON,3,pl
- ותלת: CONJ+NUM,card,3
- מן: PREP
- קרניא: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- קדמיתא: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- אתעקרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מן: PREP
- קדמה: ADV
- ואלו: CONJ
- עינין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- אנשא: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
- בקרנא: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דא: PRON,dem,m,sg
- ופם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ממלל: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms,sg
- רברבן: ADJ,m,pl
Parallels
- Dan.7.20-25 (structural): Continuation and interpretation of the same 'little horn' figure: expands on its blasphemous speech, eyes like a man, uprooting three horns, and its persecuting authority.
- Dan.8.9-12 (verbal): Another Daniel passage about a 'little horn' that arises, grows powerful, and speaks boastful/blasphemous words—verbal and thematic parallels in imagery and action.
- Rev.13:5-7 (thematic): The beast is granted authority, speaks arrogantly/blasphemously and persecutes the saints—resembles Daniel's little horn in power, speech, and oppressive rule over nations.
- 2 Thess.2:3-4 (allusion): The 'man of lawlessness' who exalts himself and utters blasphemies parallels the little horn's boastful, blasphemous speech and self-exalting authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- While I considered the horns, behold—another horn, a little one, came up among them, and three of the first horns were plucked up before it. And behold, eyes like the eyes of a man were in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.
- I was considering the horns, when behold, another horn arose among them, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots. And behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things.
Dan.7.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כרסון: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רמיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ועתיק: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- יומין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לבושה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3f
- כתלג: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- כעמר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נקא: ADJ,m,sg
- כרסיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr.3ms
- שביבין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גלגלוהי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+pr.3ms
- נור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דלק: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Dan.7.10 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: the throne-vision extends into a river/stream of fire, multitudes before the Ancient of Days and judgment imagery closely tied to v.9's throne and fiery motifs.
- Dan.7.13-14 (thematic): Closely related theme of the 'Ancient of Days' adjudicating and handing dominion to the Son of Man; v.9's throne and authority frame the reception of kingdom in vv.13–14.
- Ezek.1:26-28 (verbal): Throne-vision language and radiant/fiery appearance—'above the expanse was the likeness of a throne' and dazzling brightness—parallel Daniel's throne, fiery brilliance, and theophanic imagery.
- Isa.6:1-4 (thematic): A majestic throne-vision featuring heavenly attendants and overwhelming holiness: Isaiah's vision of the Lord seated on a high throne resonates with Daniel's portrayal of divine enthronement and awe.
- Rev.1:14-16 (verbal): The risen/eschatological figure described with 'hair white as wool' and 'eyes like flames' echoes Dan 7:9's striking corporeal imagery (white garments/hair, fiery eyes/throne), an explicit New Testament echo of Daniel's vision.
Alternative generated candidates
- I watched until thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was a burning flame, and its wheels were burning fire.
- I kept looking until thrones were set in place and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His clothing was white as snow and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames and its wheels burning fire.
Dan.7.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נהר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגד: PREP
- ונפק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- קדמוהי: PREP+PRON,3,sg
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- אלפין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישמשונה: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- ורבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- רבבן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- קדמוהי: PREP+PRON,3,sg
- יקומון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- דינא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וספרין: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- פתיחו: VERB,pual,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 20:11-12 (structural): A final judgment scene with a great white throne and 'books opened'—directly parallels Daniel’s court imagery where the court sits and the books are opened for judgment.
- Revelation 5:11 (verbal): Uses the same hyperbolic heavenly multitude language ('myriads of myriads' / 'ten thousand times ten thousand'), echoing Daniel’s depiction of vast numbers attending the divine presence.
- Isaiah 66:15-16 (thematic): Describes the Lord coming with fire and executing judgment—thematically parallel to Daniel’s imagery of fire and divine judgment issuing from the throne.
- Hebrews 12:22-23 (thematic): Portrays a heavenly assembly of innumerable angels and the spirits of the righteous—resonant with Daniel’s picture of a vast heavenly retinue and a divine courtroom gathering.
Alternative generated candidates
- A river of fire flowed and issued from before him; thousands upon thousands served him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court was seated, and the books were opened.
- A river of fire flowed out and came forth from before him; thousand thousands served him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court sat, and the books were opened.
Dan.7.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- באדין: ADV
- מן: PREP
- קל: ADV
- מליא: ADJ,m,sg
- רברבתא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרנא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממללה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קטילת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- חיותא: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והובד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- גשמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויהיבת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ליקדת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 7:9-10 (structural): Immediate context — the heavenly judgment scene (Ancient of Days and the court) that precedes and sets the stage for the beast’s destruction described in v.11.
- Daniel 7:26-27 (thematic): Conclusion of the vision where the beast’s dominion is taken away and ultimate rule is given to the saints—ties the beast’s destruction to the final vindication of God’s people.
- Daniel 2:34-35 (thematic): Image of divine judgment on earthly powers: a stone breaks the statue and its parts are burned away, paralleling the destruction and consuming of the beast.
- Revelation 19:20 (verbal): The beast and false prophet are captured and thrown into the lake of fire—directly parallels the motif of the beast’s being slain and given to fire.
- Revelation 20:10 (thematic): The devil is cast into the lake of fire and sulfur for final judgment—echoes the theme of ultimate, fiery punishment for hostile cosmic powers.
Alternative generated candidates
- I kept watching because of the boastful words the horn was speaking; I watched until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and given over to be burned with fire.
- I kept watching because of the sound of the boastful words that the horn spoke. I kept watching until the beast was slain, its body destroyed and given to the burning flame.
Dan.7.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושאר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיותא: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- העדיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלטנהון: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- וארכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
- בחיין: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהיבת: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- להון: PREP+PRON,3,pl
- עד: PREP
- זמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועדן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Dan.7.11 (verbal): Same vision immediately preceding v.12: one beast is slain and its dominion taken—v.12 clarifies that the remaining beasts also lose dominion though their lives are prolonged.
- Dan.7.26-27 (thematic): Judgment on the beasts and the transfer of sovereign authority to the 'saints' parallels v.12's removal of the beasts' dominion and the ultimate establishment of God's everlasting kingdom.
- Dan.2.44 (thematic): The kingdom God sets up that crushes and replaces worldly kingdoms echoes the idea that the beasts' dominion is taken away even if their life or existence continues temporarily.
- Rev.13.5 (allusion): The beast is given authority for a limited period ('forty-two months'), reflecting the Danielic motif of powers having restricted, appointed durations of authority.
- Dan.12.7 (verbal): Uses the same temporal formula ('a time, times, and half a time') and the notion of an appointed limited period for oppressive powers, paralleling v.12's 'season and a time.'
Alternative generated candidates
- As for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away, yet their lives were prolonged for an appointed season and time.
- As for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away, yet their lives were prolonged for a time and a season.
Dan.7.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בחזוי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ליליא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- ענני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמיא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אנש: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- הוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עתיק: ADJ,m,sg
- יומיא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקדמוהי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- הקרבוהי: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,3,pl
Parallels
- Dan.7.14 (structural): Immediate continuation of the vision: the 'one like a son of man' is given dominion, glory, and an everlasting kingdom—directly completes the meaning of 7:13.
- Ezek.1:26-28 (verbal): Throne-vision language and a figure with the 'appearance of a man' and radiant glory; shares imagery of a heavenly, enthroned humanlike figure in apocalyptic vision.
- Matt.26:64 (quotation): Jesus explicitly cites the Danielic vision: 'you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven,' quoting Dan 7:13–14 in a messianic/legal context.
- Rev.1:13 (verbal): John's vision describes 'one like a son of man' standing among the lampstands with distinctive, exalted imagery—uses the same phrase and apocalyptic portrait.
- Rev.14:14 (allusion): Depicts 'one like a son of man' seated on a cloud with a crown and sickle—an explicit allusion to the Danielic cloud-figure and its heavenly authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him.
- I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven one like a son of man came, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him.
Dan.7.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולה: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יהיב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויקר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומלכו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עממיא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אמיא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולשניא: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יפלחון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שלטנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שלטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלם: ADV
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ומלכותה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תתחבל: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 2:44 (verbal): Speaks of God setting up a kingdom that will never be destroyed—parallels Daniel 7:14’s everlasting dominion and indestructible kingdom.
- Psalm 2:8-9 (verbal): The nations and peoples are given to the ruler who will break them with a rod of iron—echoes Daniel’s language of all peoples/nations serving the one given dominion.
- Isaiah 9:6-7 (thematic): Promises an eternal rule and increase of government with justice and peace—themes of an everlasting, righteous kingship found in Daniel 7:14.
- Matthew 28:18 (allusion): Jesus’ claim that all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to him echoes the granting of universal dominion in Daniel 7:14.
- Revelation 11:15 (verbal): Declares that the kingdoms of the world have become the kingdom of the Lord and that he will reign forever—directly mirrors Daniel’s vision of an eternal kingdom and reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.
- And to him was given dominion, glory, and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.
In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream and visions of his head while on his bed; then he wrote the dream down and related the sum of the matters.
Daniel spoke and said: I saw in my visions by night, and behold, the four winds of heaven were stirring up the great sea. And four great beasts came up out of the sea, each different from the other.
The first was like a lion and had eagle’s wings. I looked until its wings were plucked off, and it was lifted up from the earth and made to stand on two feet like a man, and a human heart was given to it. And behold another beast, a second, like a bear. It was raised up on one side, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth; and they said thus to it: Arise, devour much flesh.
After this I looked, and behold a beast like a leopard, which had on its back four wings of a bird; the beast also had four heads, and dominion was given to it.
After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible and exceedingly strong; it had large iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces and stamped the residue with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.
While I considered the horns, behold, another horn came up among them, and three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots before it; and behold, this horn had eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth speaking great things.
I looked until thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat; his garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool. His throne was fiery flames, and its wheels were burning fire.
A stream of fire issued and came forth before him; thousands upon thousands served him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court sat, and the books were opened.
I watched because of the sound of the great words which the horn was speaking; I looked until the beast was slain, its body destroyed and given to the burning flame.
As for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away, yet their lives were prolonged for a season and a time.
I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven one like a son of man came, and he came to the Ancient of Days; and they brought him near before him. And to him was given dominion, glory, and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.