David’s Civil Officials and Overseers
1 Chronicles 27:16-24
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1 C.27.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לראובני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זכרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשמעוני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפטיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעכה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:9 (verbal): A census-era listing that names the leader of the tribe of Reuben (Elizur son of Shedeur). Parallels the function of naming a tribal chief, though with a different personal name.
- Numbers 2:10 (structural): Gives the camp position and organization for the tribe of Reuben—parallel in that it treats tribal identity and official ordering of the tribes.
- 1 Chronicles 27:1 (structural): Opening verse of the same chapter that frames the organization of David’s forces into twelve divisions; provides the structural context for naming tribal leaders in vv.16–22.
- 1 Chronicles 27:23–24 (thematic): Other administrative appointments in the same chapter (officers over the king’s treasuries and household), paralleling the theme of delegating authority and organizing officials under David’s administration.
Alternative generated candidates
- And for the tribes of Israel: to Reuben, Eliezer son of Zekhri; to Simeon, Shephatiah son of Maachah.
- And to the tribes of Israel: to Reuben, the leader Eliezer son of Zichri; to Simeon, Shephatiah son of Maachah.
1 C.27.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ללוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קמואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 6:50 (verbal): Lists Zadok in the Aaronic/priestly genealogy — verbal parallel confirming Zadok as a chief priestly descendant of Aaron, matching the identification here ('to Aaron, Zadok').
- 1 Chronicles 24:3-6 (structural): David’s arrangement of the priestly divisions names Zadok among the priestly leadership — a structural parallel showing the organization of Aaron’s descendants and Zadok’s central priestly role.
- 1 Chronicles 23:4-6 (thematic): An extended listing and organization of Levites under David; thematically parallels the present verse’s naming of a Levite leader (Hashabiah son of Kemuel) as part of David’s administrative/Levitical arrangements.
- Numbers 1:4,16 (structural): The census passages that list the chiefs/chief men of each tribe — structurally parallel to 1 Chron 27, which similarly assigns named leaders for each tribe (here naming a Levite and the priestly head).
Alternative generated candidates
- To the Levites, Hashabiah son of Kemuel; to Aaron, Zadok.
- To the Levites, Hashabiah son of Kemuel; to Aaron, Zadok.
1 C.27.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ליהודה: PREP+PN,masc,sg
- אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מאחי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליששכר: PREP
- עמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מיכאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 27:16-22 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: a continuous roll of tribal commanders (including Judah and Issachar), showing the same organizational list of leaders and military divisions.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (thematic): Another Chronicles passage that lists tribal chiefs and warriors who joined David; parallels the theme of provincial leaders and notable men associated with David's administration and forces.
- Numbers 1:4-16 (structural): Early precedent for naming the leaders/headmen of Israel’s tribes in a formal list (census/organization), which Chronicles echoes by recording each tribe’s appointed commander.
- Numbers 2:5-9 (thematic): Lists the placement and leaders of the tribes (including Judah and Issachar) around the Tabernacle; thematically parallel in organizing Israel by tribes and naming tribal chiefs.
- Judges 5:15 (thematic): Mentions Issachar’s contribution and willingness to act; thematically connected to references to Issachar’s leaders in Chronicles (emphasizing the tribe’s role and leadership among Israel).
Alternative generated candidates
- To Judah, Elihu, a brother of David; to Issachar, Omri son of Michael.
- To Judah, Elihu, David's brother; to Issachar, Omri son of Michael.
1 C.27.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לזבולן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישמעיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבדיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לנפתלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירימות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזריאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:9 (structural): Lists the tribal leader for Zebulun (Eliab son of Helon) in the wilderness census—parallel in function to 1 Chr 27:19, which names the chief assigned over Zebulun in David’s administration.
- Numbers 1:15 (structural): Names the tribal leader for Naphtali (Pedahel son of Ammihud) in the census—parallel as another instance where a specific individual is designated as the head of Naphtali, analogous to Jerimoth son of Azriel in 1 Chr 27:19.
- 1 Chronicles 27:18 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: the chapter systematically lists the tribal commanders assigned by David. Verse 18 (and surrounding verses) shows the same pattern of naming a chief for each tribe, placing 27:19 in its literary context.
- 1 Chronicles 12:33 (thematic): Speaks of captains/men of Naphtali who joined David—thematically related as another passage highlighting leaders and military figures from Naphtali (and other tribes) associated with David’s rise and rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- To Zebulun, Ishmaiah son of Obadiah; to Naphtali, Jerimoth son of Azriel.
- To Zebulun, Ishmaiah son of Obadiah; to Naphtali, Jerimoth son of Azriel.
1 C.27.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לבני: PREP
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- לחצי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואל: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פדיהו: NOUN,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 27:1-34 (structural): This verse is part of the chapter-long list assigning tribal captains and military divisions under David; the same formula and function recur throughout vv.1–34.
- 1 Chronicles 27:16 (verbal): Neighboring verse in the same list using the identical rubric ( לבני [tribe] ... ) to name the leader of another tribe — same literary formula and administrative purpose.
- Numbers 2 (thematic): Early Israelite organization by tribes and leaders around the tabernacle mirrors the territorial/military organization of the tribes in David’s reign (structural/thematic parallel in tribal listings).
- Joshua 17:3-6 (thematic): Addresses the allotment and status of the half-tribe of Manasseh; parallels the designation 'half-tribe of Manasseh' in 1 Chronicles 27:20 and the special tribal division.
- 1 Chronicles 12:27 (thematic): Mentions men of Ephraim joining David and their warriors; thematically connected to the identification of Ephraim’s leader in David’s military/administrative arrangements.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah; to the half‑tribe of Manasseh, Joel son of Pedaiah.
- To the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah; to the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joel son of Pedaiah.
1 C.27.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לחצי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- המנשה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- גלעדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זכריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יעשיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבנר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 17:1-6 (thematic): Describes the territorial allocation of the tribe of Manasseh, including the portion east of the Jordan (Gilead) — parallels 1 Chr 27:21’s designation “the half of Manasseh, Gilead.”
- Numbers 26:29-34 (structural): Census and clan listings for Manasseh (including the east-Jordan/Gilead half) — provides the same tribal/territorial framework underlying the list of tribal leaders in 1 Chr 27.
- 1 Chronicles 12:19-22 (verbal): A parallel list of tribal leaders and warriors associated with David (including men from Manasseh and Benjamin); both passages are lists of tribal chiefs and military contingents in David’s administration and support.
- 2 Samuel 3:6-21 (allusion): Narrative about Abner (the powerful Benjamite leader) and his political role; 1 Chr 27:21’s “Jashiel (Jeshiel) son of Abner” connects to the prominence of the Abner-family/Benjamite leadership tradition recorded here.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the other half of Manasseh, Gilead—Iddo son of Zechariah; to Benjamin, Jaasiel son of Abner.
- To the other half of Manasseh, Gilead, Iddo son of Zechariah; to Benjamin, Jaaziel son of Abner.
1 C.27.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזראל: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:12 (verbal): Both passages name the appointed leader for the tribe of Dan in a census/official roll (here a different personal name—Ahiezer—showing another tradition of Dan’s chief).
- Judges 18:30 (thematic): Describes prominent Danite leaders and the establishment of Danite authority in the north, reflecting leadership and tribal organization associated with Dan.
- Joshua 19:40-48 (thematic): Gives the territorial allotment and towns of the tribe of Dan; relates to the tribal identity and administrative divisions to which a tribal leader like Azarel belongs.
- 1 Chronicles 27:1 (structural): Introduces the same chapter’s listing of tribal commanders put in service of David; verse 27:22 is one entry in this structured enumeration of tribal chiefs.
Alternative generated candidates
- To Dan, Azarel son of Jeroham. These are the chiefs of the tribes of Israel.
- To Dan, Azarel son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel.
1 C.27.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מספרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3mp
- למבן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP
- כי: CONJ
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להרבות: VERB,hiph,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככוכבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 15:5 (verbal): God tells Abram to look at the heavens and promises his offspring will be as numerous as the stars — the same 'stars of the heavens' imagery used to express divine promise of multiplication.
- Genesis 22:17 (verbal): A direct restatement of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants will be multiplied 'as the stars of heaven,' echoing the motif of innumerable offspring.
- 2 Samuel 24:1 (thematic): Narrative contrast: David's later act of numbering Israel leads to judgment. 1 Chron 27:23 explains why David did not count the under-twenty group, avoiding census practice that elsewhere brings consequences.
- Jeremiah 33:22 (allusion): A later prophetic promise comparing the descendants of David and the Levites to the stars of heaven, echoing the covenantal imagery of multitudinous progeny.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David did not take a census of those under twenty years of age, for the LORD had said, "I will make Israel many as the stars of the heavens."
- And David did not number those who were twenty years old and under, for the LORD had said, “I will make Israel as numerous as the stars of the heavens.”
1 C.27.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יואב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צרויה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- למנות: VERB,qal,inf
- ולא: CONJ
- כלה: ADV
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בזאת: PREP
- קצף: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 21:6-7 (verbal): Directly parallels the episode of Joab's refusal/reluctance to number Israel; Chronicles repeats the note that Joab did not complete the counting and that there was divine/communal displeasure.
- 2 Samuel 24:2-9 (thematic): Gives the parallel account of David's census and Joab's involvement — a related tradition that records the numbering of the people and the totals Joab reported.
- 2 Samuel 24:10-17 (thematic): Treats the divine displeasure and consequences of the census (David's remorse and the plague/penalty), corresponding to the 'wrath against Israel' motif in 1 Chr 27:24.
- 1 Chronicles 27:23-31 (structural): Immediate chapter context listing David's military officers and administrators; 27:24 forms part of this administrative/organizational section and is echoed by the surrounding verses.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Joab son of Zeruiah began the numbering and did not finish; and there was wrath against Israel, and the count was not recorded in the book of the annals of King David.
- But Joab son of Zeruiah began to count, and did not finish; and this provoked anger against Israel, and the numbering was not recorded in the account in the chronicles of King David.
And over the tribes of Israel: for Reuben, Eliezer son of Zichri; for Simeon, Shephatiah son of Maachah.
For the Levites, Hashabiah son of Kemuel; for Aaron, Zadok.
For Judah, Elihu, one of David’s kinsmen; for Issachar, Omri son of Michael.
For Zebulun, Ishmaiah son of Obadiah; for Naphtali, Jerimoth son of Azriel.
For the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah; for the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joel son of Pedaiah.
For the other half of Manasseh, Gilead—Iddo son of Zechariah; for Benjamin, Jaasiel son of Abner.
For Dan, Azarel son of Jeroham; these are the princes of the tribes of Israel.
David did not number those who were under twenty years of age, for the LORD had said he would increase Israel as the stars of the heavens.
Joab son of Zeruiah began the numbering but did not finish, and this brought wrath upon Israel; the tally was not entered in the record of the chronicles of King David.