Paul and Barnabas in Iconium
Acts 14:1-7
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Acts.14.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- Ικονιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- κατα: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
- εισελθειν: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- συναγωγην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Ιουδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- λαλησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ουτως: ADV
- ωστε: CONJ
- πιστευσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- Ιουδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- Ελληνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- πολυ: ADV
- πληθος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
Parallels
- Acts 13:14 (structural): Paul and Barnabas enter the synagogue at Pisidian Antioch to speak — same missionary move of beginning proclamation in a Jewish synagogue.
- Acts 13:44 (verbal): 'Almost the whole city was gathered' the next Sabbath to hear the word — parallels synagogue preaching leading to large public interest and gatherings.
- Acts 17:4 (thematic): In Thessalonica some Jews and a great number of devout Greeks believed after synagogue preaching — mirrors the mixed Jewish and Gentile response in Iconium.
- Acts 17:11 (thematic): The Bereans received the message and many believed after hearing in the synagogue — another instance of successful synagogue proclamation and conversions.
- Luke 4:16-30 (structural): Jesus begins his public ministry in the synagogue with proclamation and a mixed reception — establishes the synagogue as Luke/Acts' primary setting for initial mission and divergent responses.
Alternative generated candidates
- At Iconium Paul and Barnabas entered the synagogue and spoke so effectively that a great number of both Jews and Greeks believed.
- Now at Iconium they entered together into the Jewish synagogue and spoke in such a way that a great number of both Jews and Greeks believed.
Acts.14.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- απειθησαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- επηγειραν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- εκακωσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ψυχας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- κατα: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αδελφων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 13:50 (verbal): Same pattern: Jewish opponents incite local populations against Paul and Barnabas (’the Jews incited the devout women…and stirred up hostility’), matching the motif of Jews stirring up Gentiles against the apostles.
- Acts 14:19 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same episode: other Jews from Antioch and Iconium persuade the crowd, leading to violence against Paul—continuation of the hostile activity described in 14:2.
- Acts 17:5–6 (thematic): In Thessalonica Jewish opponents form a mob and incite the city (’they set the city in an uproar and attacked Jason’s house’), reflecting the recurring theme of Jewish opposition provoking Gentile unrest against the Christian mission.
- Acts 18:12–13 (thematic): In Corinth Jews bring a united attack against Paul before the civic authorities, illustrating the common pattern of Jewish resistance producing public agitation or legal pressure on Paul’s ministry.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the unbelieving Jews stirred up and incited the Gentiles, poisoning their minds against the brothers.
- But the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against the brothers.
Acts.14.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ικανον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- μεν: PART
- ουν: CONJ
- χρονον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- διετριψαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- παρρησιαζομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- κυριω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- μαρτυρουντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- λογω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- χαριτος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- διδοντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,m
- σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- τερατα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- γινεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- δια: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- χειρων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 16:20 (verbal): Closely parallels the idea that the Lord confirmed the apostles' proclamation by accompanying signs—'the Lord worked with them and confirmed the word by the signs that followed.'
- Acts 4:31 (thematic): Shares the theme of the apostles' bold proclamation (παρρησία) empowered by God/the Spirit: 'they were filled with the Holy Spirit and continued to speak the word of God with boldness.'
- Acts 5:12 (verbal): Explicitly links apostolic ministry with miracles done by their hands: 'by the hands of the apostles many signs and wonders were done among the people,' echoing Acts 14:3's 'signs and wonders ... through their hands.'
- Romans 15:18-19 (thematic): Paul summarizes apostolic activity as word plus powerful deeds—'by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God'—reflecting Acts 14:3's coupling of proclamation and confirming miracles.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they remained there a long time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who bore witness to the word of his grace and granted that signs and wonders be done by their hands.
- So they remained for a long time, speaking boldly in the Lord; and the Lord bore witness to the word of his grace by granting signs and wonders to be done through their hands.
Acts.14.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εσχισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πληθος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πολεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μεν: PART
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- συν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- Ιουδαιοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- συν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- αποστολοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 14:2 (structural): Immediate context: unbelieving Jews stir up the Gentiles against the believers, explaining why ‘the multitude of the city was divided’ between Jews and the apostles.
- John 7:43 (verbal): Uses the same idea/word of division in the crowd (σχίσμα/σχίζω): the people are split over Jesus—parallel language and social effect of contested allegiance.
- Acts 17:4 (thematic): In Thessalonica/Berea some join Paul and Silas while others oppose them—another scene where the populace is divided over the apostles’ message.
- Matt 10:34–36 (thematic): Jesus says his coming will bring division even within families; thematically parallels the social rupture caused by allegiance to the apostles.
- Luke 12:51–53 (thematic): Similar teaching that the proclamation of the kingdom will cause division among people and households, echoing the divisive consequences described in Acts 14:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- The populace of the city was divided; some sided with the Jews, and some with the apostles.
- But the people of the city were divided—some sided with the Jews, and some with the apostles.
Acts.14.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ως: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ορμη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- Ιουδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- συν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- αρχουσιν: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,pl,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- υβρισαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- και: CONJ
- λιθοβολησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 14:19 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the opposition described in v.5 culminates in Paul being stoned and left for dead (same events in Lystra).
- Acts 13:50 (thematic): Reports Jewish opposition inciting the devout and prominent citizens against Paul and Barnabas—parallel pattern of local leaders and populace turned hostile.
- Acts 5:33 (thematic): Council's furious response and scheme to kill the apostles—another instance of Jewish authorities plotting violent action against Christian leaders.
- Matthew 10:17-18 (thematic): Jesus warns disciples they will be brought before synagogues and governors—anticipates persecution from both Jewish and Gentile authorities, matching the dual opposition in Acts 14:5.
- Acts 7:58 (verbal): Description of Stephen being dragged out and stoned—verbal and thematic parallel through the motif of stoning as violent communal punishment against a Christian witness.
Alternative generated candidates
- When there arose a plot of both Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, to maltreat and stone them,
- When a plot was hatched by both Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, to mistreat and stone them,
Acts.14.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- συνιδοντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- κατεφυγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- πολεις: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Λυκαονιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Λυστραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- Δερβην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- περιχωρον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 14:19-20 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Paul is later stoned at Lystra, presumed dead, then recovers and goes on to Derbe and the surrounding region—same cities and sequence as v.6.
- Acts 13:51–14:1 (structural): Earlier part of the same missionary journey: after leaving Pisidian Antioch Paul and Barnabas travel through Iconium to Lystra (shows the recurring itinerary through Lycaonian cities).
- Acts 16:1 (verbal): Reference to Derbe and Lystra again; Timothy is described as from Lystra, linking persons and places across journeys and repeating the geographical frame.
- Acts 8:1 (thematic): Persecution-induced dispersal motif: believers are scattered (flee) after persecution, paralleling the flight of the disciples in Acts 14 to other cities/regions.
- Matthew 10:23 (thematic): Jesus' instruction that disciples should flee to another town when persecuted echoes the practical response in Acts 14:6 of moving to nearby cities for safety and continued mission.
Alternative generated candidates
- they learned of it and fled to Lystra and Derbe, cities of Lycaonia, and to the surrounding region.
- they learned of it and fled to the cities of Lystra and Derbe and the surrounding region of Lycaonia; and there they proclaimed the good news.
Acts.14.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- κακει: ADV
- ευαγγελιζομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Acts 8:4 (verbal): Uses the same idea/verb of proclaiming the message—those scattered 'went about preaching the word,' paralleling 'there they were evangelizing.'
- Acts 13:5 (verbal): Describes Paul and Barnabas 'preaching the word' in Paphos; closely parallels Acts 14:7 in activity and use of εὐαγγελίζεσθαι/εὐηγγελίζεσθαι language.
- Luke 8:1 (verbal): Luke reports Jesus 'going about... proclaiming the good news of the kingdom,' using similar vocabulary and depicting itinerant proclamation like Acts 14:7.
- Mark 1:14-15 (thematic): Jesus' proclamation of the gospel ('The time is fulfilled; the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe the gospel') provides the foundational model for the evangelistic mission described in Acts 14:7.
- Romans 1:16 (thematic): Paul's later summary that he is not ashamed of the gospel because it is the power of God for salvation echoes the centrality and purpose of the preaching activity noted in Acts 14:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- There they continued to proclaim the good news.
- Now at Lystra there sat a man who had been lame from his mother’s womb and had never walked.
Now at Iconium they entered the Jewish synagogue together and spoke so that a great number believed—both Jews and Greeks. But the unbelieving Jews stirred up and poisoned the minds of the Gentiles against the brothers. So they remained there a long time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who bore witness to the word by granting signs and wonders to be done through them. But the people of the city were divided; some sided with the Jews, and some with the apostles.
An attempt was made, both by Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, to mistreat and stone them.
When they became aware of it, they fled to Lystra and Derbe, cities of Lycaonia, and to the surrounding country. And there they continued to proclaim the gospel.