Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads
Jeremiah 49:28-33
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Jer.49.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לקדר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולממלכות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חצור: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
- אל: NEG
- קדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושדדו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Isaiah 21:16-17 (thematic): Oracle against Kedar predicting the loss of its warriors and glory—closely parallels Jeremiah’s judgment on Kedar and the call to attack.
- Genesis 25:13 (structural): Lists Kedar as a son of Ishmael, providing tribal/ethnic background for the nation targeted in Jeremiah’s oracle.
- Ezekiel 27:21 (thematic): Mentions Kedar’s trade in rams and goats (wealth of the Arabian tribes), resonating with Jeremiah’s command to ‘spoil the men of the east.’
- Jeremiah 25:9 (verbal): Identifies Nebuchadrezzar as the instrument of Yahweh’s judgment—parallels Jeremiah 49:28’s attribution of Hazor’s defeat to Nebuchadrezzar.
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon struck—thus says the LORD: Arise, go up against Kedar, and plunder the people of the east.
- Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck: Thus says the LORD—Rise, go up against Kedar; plunder the sons of the east.
Jer.49.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אהליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- וצאנם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,pl
- יקחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- יריעותיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- כליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וגמליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- וקראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- מגור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מסביב: ADV,loc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:28 (structural): Immediate context in the same oracle against Elam; verse 28 announces the judgment (breaking the bow) that leads into the image of tents, flocks and camels being carried off in 49:29 — closely linked verbal and thematic material.
- Jeremiah 49:30 (structural): Follows 49:29 within the same prophecy and continues the motif of pastoral loss and lament (shepherds crying over captured flocks), reinforcing the consequence of the plundering described in 49:29.
- Isaiah 21:13-15 (thematic): An oracle concerning Arabian caravans and nomadic tribes that uses similar imagery (caravans, tents, flocks, flight and capture) to portray invasion and loss of pastoral property — a parallel prophetic motif of nomadic peoples plundered and displaced.
- Obadiah 1:10-11 (thematic): Condemns Edom for standing by while Judah was plundered and for seizing fugitives and goods; thematically parallels the act of opportunistic seizure of tents, flocks and possessions depicted in Jeremiah 49:29.
Alternative generated candidates
- Take their tents and their flocks; take their tent‑curtains and all their goods; carry off their camels, and cry against them, ‘Habitations all around!’
- Take their tents and their flocks; take their tent curtains and all their goods; take their camels and carry them off; call out against them, ‘Flee!—everywhere flee!’
Jer.49.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נדו: VERB,nifal,perf,3,m,pl
- מאד: ADV
- העמיקו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- לשבת: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- חצור: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- נבוכדראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחשב: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- מחשבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:28 (structural): Immediate heading for the same oracle: introduces the prophecy 'Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor,' framing the same summons to flee and judgment carried out by Babylon.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (thematic): Declares that the LORD summons Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and uses him to punish nations—parallels the role of Nebuchadnezzar as the agent of the judgment described in Jer 49:30.
- Jeremiah 27:6 (thematic): God states He has given nations into Nebuchadnezzar's hand; similar theological point that Babylon's king has planned and executed judgments against neighboring peoples.
- Isaiah 21:13-17 (allusion): Prophecy concerning Arabia (Dedan, Tema, Kedar) announcing coming devastation and loss of glory—closely parallels the oracle against Kedar/Hazor and the call to flee in Jer 49:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- Flee, wander far and go down to dwell—inhabitants of Hazor—declares the LORD; for Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon has plotted against you a plan and devised a scheme concerning you.
- Flee, wander far away; make deep your places of hiding, O inhabitants of Hazor, says the LORD; for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has ordained counsel against you and conceived a plan against you.
Jer.49.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
- אל: NEG
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שליו: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- לבטח: ADV
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- דלתים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- בריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- בדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישכנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezekiel 38:11 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — the invader speaks of attacking an unwalled land and a peaceable people who 'dwell confidently' with 'neither bars nor gates.'
- Amos 6:1 (thematic): Condemns those 'at ease in Zion' who live secure and complacent; shares the motif of judgment coming upon people who dwell in safety.
- Isaiah 32:18 (structural): Speaks of 'a peaceful habitation' and 'secure dwellings,' using the same imagery of safety and stable dwelling (here as divine blessing rather than threatened complacency).
- Psalm 73:12 (thematic): Observes the prosperity and ease of the wicked who 'live at ease' — a similar picture of people enjoying security and comfort that invites theological reflection or judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Arise, go up against a people at ease, who dwell secure, declares the LORD; they have no gates or bars, they live alone and without fear.
- Rise, go up against a people at ease, dwelling in security, says the LORD. They have neither gate nor bar; they dwell alone, residing without neighbors.
Jer.49.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גמליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- לבז: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- והמון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- מקניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- לשלל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזרתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכל: PREP
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קצוצי: ADJ,m,pl,cons
- פאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומכל: CONJ
- עבריו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אביא: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אידם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:28 (structural): Same oracle against Kedar/Dedan—introduces and frames the judgment that the camels and flocks will be taken as spoil and the people scattered, providing immediate literary context for v.32.
- Isaiah 21:13-17 (thematic): Oracle concerning Arabia/Dedan/Kedar; uses caravan/camel imagery and foretells desolation, capture and scattering of peoples—parallel target and motifs (camels as booty, desolation of nomadic groups).
- Ezekiel 25:12-14 (thematic): Pronouncement of divine judgment on neighboring peoples (Ammon/Edom): destruction and spoil of people and animals and the bringing low of the nations—echoes the themes of plunder, loss of livestock and scattering found in Jer 49:32.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (thematic): Oracle against Edom emphasizing pride, sudden downfall and being brought low; thematically parallels Jeremiah’s announcement that fugitives will be scattered and the nation’s end will be brought by Yahweh.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their camels shall be booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil; I will scatter to every wind those at their borders, and from every side I will bring upon them their terror, declares the LORD.
- Their camels shall be booty, the multitude of their cattle a spoil; I will scatter to every wind those at the outskirts, and from every side I will bring their calamity, says the LORD.
Jer.49.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- חצור: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יגור: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 34:13-15 (verbal): Describes a land overgrown and made an abode for jackals/ostriches and night creatures; uses the same imagery of a city turned into a haunt for wild animals.
- Isaiah 13:21-22 (verbal): Oracle against Babylon portraying houses filled with howling/unclean creatures (satyrs/jackals); parallels the depiction of urban desolation and animal habitation.
- Jeremiah 50:39 (verbal): Within the same book: Babylon is pronounced a haunt for desert creatures and satyrs, a perpetual desolation—language and theme closely parallel to Hazor’s fate.
- Zephaniah 2:13-15 (thematic): Prophecy announcing Nineveh’s destruction and conversion into a desolation inhabited by wild animals and owls; thematically parallels the motif of ruined cities becoming animal dwellings.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hazor shall become a haunt for jackals, a desolation forever; no one shall dwell there, nor shall any mortal live in it.
- Hazor shall become a haunt of jackals, a desolation forever; no man shall dwell there, nor shall any human inhabit it.
Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck: Thus says the LORD, "Arise, go up against Kedar; plunder the people of the east."
Take their tents and their flocks; take their tent curtains and all their goods; carry off their camels as booty, and call over them, "Terror all around!"
Flee, wander far; withdraw to the depths and dwell, inhabitants of Hazor, says the LORD; for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has formed counsel against you and devised a plan against you.
Arise, go up against a people at ease who live securely, says the LORD. They have no gates and no bars; they dwell alone.
Their camels shall be booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil; I will scatter them to every wind, and I will bring their calamity from every side, says the LORD.
Hazor shall become a haunt of jackals, a desolation forever; no one shall live there, nor shall any human dwell in it.