Haman Elevated and the Decree Against the Jews
Esther 3:1-15
Esth.3.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחר: PREP
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl,abs
- גדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחשורוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המן: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- המדתא: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- האגגי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וינשאהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כסאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,pr3,m
- מעל: PREP
- כל: DET
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- After these events King Ahasuerus promoted Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him and set his seat above all the princes who were with him.
- After these events King Ahasuerus promoted Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him and set his seat above all the nobles who were with him.
Esth.3.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+QUANT
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כרעים: VERB,qal,ptc,-,m,pl
- ומשתחוים: VERB,hitpael,ptc,-,m,pl
- להמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כי: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומרדכי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לא: PART,neg
- יכרע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ+NEG
- ישתחוה: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the king's servants who were in the king's gate bowed and paid homage to Haman, for the king had commanded concerning him; but Mordecai would not bow or pay him homage.
- All the king's servants who stood at the king's gate bowed and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai would not bow or prostrate himself.
Esth.3.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למרדכי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מדוע: ADV,interrog
- אתה: PRON,2,sg,m
- עובר: VERB,qal,ptcp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the king's servants who were at the king's gate said to Mordecai, “Why do you disobey the king's command?”
- Then the king's servants who were at the king's gate asked Mordecai, 'Why do you transgress the king's command?'
Esth.3.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כאמרם: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויום: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ+NEG
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP+PRON,3,pl
- ויגידו: VERB,qal,imperfect,waw-consec,3,pl
- להמן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- היעמדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- מרדכי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- הגיד: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהודי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now it had been told them before that Mordecai was a Jew. So they told Haman to see whether Mordecai's conduct would stand, for he had told them that he was a Jew.
- When they spoke to him day after day and he would not listen to them, they reported it to Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matter would stand; for he had told them that he was a Jew.
Esth.3.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אין: PART
- מרדכי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כרע: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- ומשתחוה: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- וימלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Haman saw that Mordecai would not bow or pay him homage, Haman was filled with wrath.
- When Haman saw that Mordecai would not bow or pay him honor, Haman was filled with rage.
Esth.3.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבז: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בעיניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לשלח: INF,qal
- יד: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במרדכי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבדו: ADV+PRON,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- הגידו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרדכי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויבקש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המן: PNOUN,m,sg
- להשמיד: VERB,hif,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- היהודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בכל: PREP+DET
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אחשורוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרדכי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Haman restrained himself and went home; and having called for his friends and Zeresh his wife,
- Yet he disdained to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had told him of Mordecai's people. Therefore Haman sought to destroy all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, who were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus.
Esth.3.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניסן: NOUN_PROP,m,sg,abs
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שתים: NUM,card,fem,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,fem,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחשורוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפיל: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- פור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- המן: NOUN_PROP,m,sg,def
- מיום: PREP
- ליום: PREP
- ומחדש: CONJ+PREP
- לחדש: PREP
- שנים: NUM,pl
- עשר: NUM,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדר: NOUN_PROP,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- he recounted to them the greatness of his riches, the number of his sons, and all that had happened to him, and how Mordecai, the Jew, would not bow or pay him homage.
- In the first month, Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur—that is, the lot—before Haman from day to day and from month to month, until the twelfth month, which is Adar.
Esth.3.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,impf-consec,3,m,sg
- המן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחשורוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,m,sg
- מפזר: VERB,piel,ptcp,m,sg
- ומפרד: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptcp,m,sg
- בין: PREP
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בכל: PREP+DET
- מדינות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- מלכותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
- ודתיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
- שנות: ADJ,f,pl
- מכל: PREP
- עם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ+PRT,acc
- דתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אינם: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- עשים: VERB,qal,ptcp,pl
- ולמלך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אין: PART
- שוה: ADJ,m,sg
- להניחם: VERB,hiph,inf,3,pl
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then his wife Zeresh and all his friends said to him, “Let a gallows be made fifty cubits high, and in the morning tell the king to have Mordecai hanged on it; then go merrily with the king to the banquet.” This counsel pleased Haman, and he had the gallows made.
- Then Haman said to the king, 'There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their customs are different from those of every other people, and they do not observe the king's laws; it is not for the king's benefit to tolerate them.'
Esth.3.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- על: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- טוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יכתב: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- לאבדם: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
- ועשרת: NUM,card,pl,cstr
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ככר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשקול: VERB,qal,imperf,1,?,sg
- על: PREP
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- עשי: PART,qal,ptcp,act,3,m,pl
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להביא: VERB,qal,inf
- אל: PREP
- גנזי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- But in the first month, which is Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur before Haman to determine the day and the month; and the lot fell on the twelfth month, which is Adar.
- If it pleases the king, let a decree be written to destroy them; and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver to the hands of those who carry on the king's business, that it may be brought into the king's treasuries.
Esth.3.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- טבעתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- ידו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להמן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,def
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- המדתא: NOUN,prop,m,sg,def
- האגגי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- צרר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היהודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from those of all other peoples, and they do not keep the king's laws; therefore it is not for the king's benefit to tolerate them.
- So the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews.
Esth.3.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,impf-consec,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נתון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כטוב: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- If it please the king, let a decree be written to destroy them, and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who carry out the business, to put it into the king's treasuries.”
- And the king said to Haman, 'The silver is given to you, and the people also—do with them as you see fit.'
Esth.3.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקראו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- ספרי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- בשלושה: PREP+NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,f,sg,abs
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויכתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המן: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אל: PREP
- אחשדרפני: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- הפחות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- מדינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומדינה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- עם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומדינה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ככתבה: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ועם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלשונו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחשורש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נכתב: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונחתם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- בטבעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews.
- Then the king's scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and a decree was written according to all that Haman commanded, to the king's satraps and to the governors who were over each province, and to the rulers of every people; to every province according to its script, and to every people in their own language; also to the Jews in their script and their language.
Esth.3.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשלוח: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- ספרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אל: PREP
- כל: DET
- מדינות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להשמיד: VERB,hiphil,inf
- להרג: VERB,hiphil,inf
- ולאבד: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- היהודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מנער: PREP
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- זקן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טף: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ונשים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ביום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,sg,m
- בשלושה: PREP
- עשר: NUM,f,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP
- שנים: NUM,pl
- עשר: NUM,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושללם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבוז: PREP
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the king said to Haman, “The silver is given to you, and the people also, to do with them as seems good to you.”
- And the letters were sent by couriers into all the king's provinces to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day—on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is Adar—and to plunder their goods.
Esth.3.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פתשגן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הכתב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להנתן: VERB,nip,inf
- דת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+DET
- מדינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומדינה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גלוי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP+PRON,indef,pl
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- להיות: VERB,qal,inf
- עתדים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ליום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: PRON,dem,m,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the king's scribes were summoned at that time, and there was written according to all that Haman commanded—to the king's satraps, to the governors over every province, and to the princes of every people—each province in its own script, and every people in its own language; and the letters were sealed with the king's ring.
- A copy of the edict was issued as law in every province; and a reward of one hundred pieces of silver was attached to the hands of those who carried the king's letters. The decree was commanded to be proclaimed in the king's name.
Esth.3.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- דחופים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- בדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והדת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- נתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בשושן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,prop
- הבירה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והמלך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והמן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ישבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לשתות: PREP+INF,qal
- והעיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- שושן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נבוכה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- No parallels.
Alternative generated candidates
- Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all Jews, young and old, children and women, on a single day—on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is Adar— and to plunder their goods; the writs were proclaimed at the citadel of Susa, and the couriers rode out swiftly by the king's command. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion.
- The couriers went forth hastily by the king's command, and the edict was proclaimed in the citadel of Susa. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Susa was bewildered.
After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and he advanced him and set his seat above all the princes who were with him. And all the king's servants who were at the king's gate bowed and paid homage to Haman, for the king had commanded concerning him. But Mordecai would not bow or pay homage.
Then the king's servants who were at the king's gate said to Mordecai, "Why do you transgress the king's command?" Now it had been commanded to him, "Whoever shall not bow down and pay homage to Haman shall be put to death," but Mordecai would not bow or pay homage.
When Haman saw that Mordecai would not bow or pay homage to him, Haman was filled with wrath.
Yet Haman restrained himself and went home; he sent and called his friends and Zeresh his wife.
In the first month, which is Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur before Haman—that is, they cast the lot—to determine the day and the month; and it fell on the twelfth month, which is Adar.
Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, "There is a certain people dispersed and scattered among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their customs are different from those of every people, and they do not keep the king's laws; therefore it is not to the king's profit to tolerate them.
If it pleases the king, let it be written that they be destroyed, and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who have charge of the king's business, that it be put into the king's treasuries." And the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. And the king said to Haman, "The money is given to you, and the people, to do with them as you please."
Then the king's scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and a writing was written, according to all that Haman commanded, to the king's satraps and to the governors over each province and to the princes of every people, each province according to its script and each people according to their language; in the name of King Ahasuerus it was written and sealed with the king's signet ring. And the letters were sent by couriers on horseback, mounted couriers riding post—by the king's order—to all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all Jews, young and old, women and children, in one day; to plunder their goods.
A copy of the writing to be issued as a decree in every province was published for all peoples, that they should be ready for that day.
The couriers went out hurriedly by the king's command; and the decree was proclaimed in Shushan the citadel. Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Shushan was thrown into confusion.