Rebellion and Judgment
Deuteronomy 1:26-46
Deu.1.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- אביתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לעלת: INF,qal
- ותמרו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 13:31–14:4 (structural): Same episode: the spies' negative report and the people's refusal to go up into the land — the immediate narrative parallel to Deut.1:26.
- Numbers 14:22–23 (verbal): Explicit statement that the people 'rebelled' and were excluded from the land for not trusting the LORD — language and judgment closely mirror Deut.1:26.
- Deuteronomy 1:27–28 (structural): Immediate continuation of the verse: records the people's complaints and fear of the Canaanites, explaining why they would not go up.
- Psalm 95:10–11 (thematic): Speaks of the generation that tested God and was denied entrance to his rest — a theological reflection on the same rebellion and its consequence.
- Hebrews 3:16–19 (allusion): New Testament application of Israel's refusal to enter God's rest; cites the rebellion and its result as a warning — uses the same historical-theological event behind Deut.1:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- But you were unwilling to go up; you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD your God.
- Yet you would not go up; you rebelled against the word of the LORD your God.
Deu.1.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותרגנו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- באהליכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,m,pl
- ותאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- בשנאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתנו: PRON,1,pl
- הוציאנו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- אתנו: PRON,1,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להשמידנו: VERB,hif,inf
Parallels
- Numbers 14:1-4 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: the people loudly murmur after the spies' report, express desire to return to Egypt and reject entering the land—same episode Moses recounts in Deut 1:27.
- Numbers 13:31-33 (structural): Background to the complaint: the spies' fearful report about the land and the 'giants' provoked the people's terror that leads to the accusation that God brought them out to be destroyed.
- Deuteronomy 9:7-8 (allusion): Moses' later retelling of Israel's rebellion at Horeb/Horeb episode similarly accuses the people's distrust and rebellion against Yahweh—another recounting of their hostile attitude toward God.
- Psalm 78:19-22 (thematic): Psalmist recounts Israel's complaints in the wilderness ('Can God give a table in the wilderness?')—a thematic parallel of distrust and hostile speech against God for leading them out of Egypt.
- Psalm 106:24-27 (thematic): Psalm 106 retells multiple wilderness rebellions, condemning Israel's murmuring and lack of faith; verse cluster parallels the theme of accusing God for their peril after deliverance from Egypt.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you wailed in your tents and said, “The LORD hates us; he has brought us out of the land of Egypt to give us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us.”
- You grumbled in your tents and said, "The LORD hates us; he brought us out of Egypt to give us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us."
Deu.1.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנה: ADV,interrog
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- עלים: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,m,pl
- אחינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1pl
- המסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- לבבנו: NOUN,m,sg,poss
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- עם: PREP
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ורם: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גדלת: ADJ,f,pl
- ובצורת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וגם: CONJ
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ענקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ראינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 13:28 (verbal): Almost identical language in the spies' report: the land's inhabitants are of great stature, the cities are large and fortified, and 'we saw the children of Anak'.
- Numbers 13:31-33 (quotation): The same episode continued — the spies' fearful report that 'we are like grasshoppers' and that they discouraged the people; this passage repeats the content and effect of Deut 1:28.
- Numbers 14:1-4 (thematic): Describes Israel's panicked reaction to the spies' fearful report (weeping, proposing to return to Egypt), showing the immediate communal consequences of the discouraging account in Deut 1:28.
- Deuteronomy 9:1 (allusion): Reiterates the theme and similar wording: Israel is to dispossess 'nations greater and mightier' with 'cities great and fenced up to heaven,' echoing the spies' characterization of Canaan.
- Joshua 2:9-11 (thematic): Rahab's report recognizes Israel's terrifying reputation and mentions fear of the people (and knowledge of the Anakim elsewhere), paralleling the theme of formidable inhabitants and cities that inspired fear in the earlier spy-report.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whereupon we said, “To what shall we go up? Our brothers have made our hearts melt, saying, ‘The people are greater and taller than we; the cities are great and fortified up to heaven, and we also saw there the sons of Anak.’ ”
- Where shall we go up? your brothers have melted our heart, saying, 'A people greater and taller than we; cities great and fortified to the heavens, and we even saw the sons of Anak there.'"
Deu.1.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלכם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- תערצון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- תיראון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deut 7:21 (verbal): Same admonition not to be terrified of the peoples to be dispossessed—close verbal and contextual parallel within Deuteronomy.
- Deut 20:3 (verbal): Command given to soldiers before battle: do not be fainthearted or afraid of the enemy—repeats the refrain of refusing fear in the face of hostile peoples.
- Josh 1:9 (verbal): Joshua is commanded to 'be strong and courageous; do not be afraid' as he leads Israel into the land—a continuation of Deuteronomic encouragement against fear.
- Isa 41:10 (thematic): God's promise 'Fear not—for I am with you' expresses the same theological reason for Israel's lack of terror: divine presence and support.
- Ps 27:1 (thematic): The psalmist's confidence ('The LORD is my light and salvation; whom shall I fear?') echoes the theme of trusting God and refusing fear of enemies.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I said to you, “Do not be terrified; do not be afraid of them.”
- I said to you, "Do not be terrified, and do not be afraid of them."
Deu.1.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ההלך: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- לפניכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לעיניכם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
Parallels
- Exodus 14:14 (verbal): Uses the same key formula 'The LORD will fight for you' in the context of the Red Sea deliverance—God as the one who fights on Israel's behalf.
- Deuteronomy 3:22 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and motif; explicitly repeats the promise that Yahweh will fight for Israel 'as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes.'
- Deuteronomy 20:4 (thematic): Affirms the same theological principle that 'the LORD your God goes with you to fight for you,' grounding Israel's confidence in battle on God's presence and action.
- Joshua 23:10 (allusion): Alludes to the results of divine warfare (one defeating a thousand) and evokes the earlier promises of God's fighting for Israel as the basis for military success.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD your God who goes before you will fight for you, as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes.
- The LORD your God who goes before you will fight for you, as he did for you in Egypt in your sight.
Deu.1.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובמדבר: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ראית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשאך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- כאשר: CONJ
- ישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הלכתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- באכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 19:4 (verbal): God tells Israel he 'bore you on eagles' wings' — a close verbal and thematic image of divine carrying/protection during the journey from Egypt to Sinai, echoing Deut.1:31's carrying imagery.
- Deuteronomy 32:11 (verbal): The mountain‑eagle simile ('He mounted the heavens and came down; he drew them with cords, he carried them on his wings') parallels Deut.1:31's depiction of God bearing Israel like a parent.
- Isaiah 63:9 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD who 'lifted them up and carried them all the days of old,' directly echoing the language and theme of God carrying Israel in the wilderness.
- Isaiah 46:3-4 (thematic): God's promise 'I will carry you; even to your old age I am he' develops the same paternal/guardian motif of God bearing and sustaining his people throughout their lives.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in the wilderness you saw how the LORD your God bore you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.
- And in the wilderness that you saw, the LORD your God carried you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.
Deu.1.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובדבר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אינכם: VERB,qal,pres,2,m,pl
- מאמינם: PART,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 14:22 (verbal): Explicitly states the people's failure to believe and obey the LORD—'they have not believed in me nor obeyed my voice'—directly echoes Deut. 1:32's 'you did not believe the LORD your God.'
- Numbers 14:11 (thematic): God's rebuke of Israel for despising/doubting him ('How long will this people despise me?') addresses the same phenomenon of lack of trust in the wilderness.
- Psalm 78:22 (verbal): Narrative retelling of Israel's failure: 'For they did not believe in God, and did not trust his saving power,' paralleling Deut. 1:32's charge of unbelief.
- Psalm 95:8-11 (allusion): Warns against hardening hearts as at Meribah and Massah when the fathers tested God in the wilderness—an extended reflection on the same unbelief Deut. 1:32 condemns.
- Hebrews 3:19 (quotation): New Testament summary: 'So we see that they were not able to enter because of unbelief,' explicitly interpreting the wilderness episode (including Deut. 1:32) as failure due to unbelief.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet in this matter you did not believe in the LORD your God.
- Yet in this matter you did not believe in the LORD your God.
Deu.1.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ההלך: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- לפניכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לתור: VERB,qal,inf
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחנתכם: VERB,qal,inf,2,m,pl
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לראתכם: VERB,qal,inf,2,m,pl
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תלכו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ובענן: CONJ,PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יומם: ADV
Parallels
- Exodus 13:21-22 (verbal): Describes the same pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by night that went before Israel to guide them — language and function closely parallel Deut 1:33.
- Numbers 9:15-23 (verbal): Narrates how the cloud covered the tabernacle and moved to signal Israel's journey, echoing Deut 1:33’s emphasis on divine guidance by cloud and fire.
- Exodus 14:19 (allusion): Speaks of the pillar (and angel) moving to protect and guide Israel during the Exodus; alludes to the guiding presence mentioned in Deut 1:33.
- Psalm 78:14-15 (thematic): Recall of God’s guiding cloud and miraculous leadership of Israel in the wilderness, thematically reinforcing Deut 1:33’s portrayal of divine guidance.
- Psalm 105:39 (thematic): Summarizes God’s provision and guidance in the Exodus—'he made a cloud to be their covering'—echoing the imagery of cloud/fire guiding Israel in Deut 1:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who goes before you—he went in the way to seek out a place for you to pitch your tents, by a fire at night to give you light for the way in which you should go, and by a cloud by day.
- He who goes before you searches out a place for your encampment; by night a fire to give you light on the way you should go, and by day a cloud.
Deu.1.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבריכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,mp
- ויקצף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וישבע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 14:11 (verbal): Same incident in the wilderness: God responds to Israel’s words with anger, confronting Moses and declaring judgment — a direct narrative parallel to Deut 1:34’s 'the LORD heard... and was angry.'
- Numbers 14:22-30 (verbal): God’s oath in wrath that the faithless generation shall not enter the land mirrors Deut 1:34–35 where God hears Israel, is angry, and swears their exclusion from the promised land.
- Deuteronomy 1:37 (structural): Immediate Deuteronomic parallel/repetition within the same speech: the report that the LORD was angry and swore, here applied also to Moses’ exclusion, reinforces the same theme and wording as 1:34.
- Psalm 95:8-11 (quotation): Psalm retells the wilderness episode and explicitly cites God’s oath 'As I sware in my wrath,' using the event behind Deut 1:34 as the basis for the warning against hardening hearts.
- Hebrews 3:11; 3:16-19 (allusion): The author of Hebrews alludes to the wilderness rebellion and God’s oath (quoting Psalm 95) to warn his audience — applying the same event recorded in Deut/Num (where God heard their words and was angry) to a Christian context.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD heard the voice of your words and was angry, and he swore, saying,
- And the LORD heard the sound of your words and was angry and swore, saying,
Deu.1.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באנשים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האלה: DEM,pl
- הדור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הטובה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לאבתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 14:22-24 (verbal): Same episode and divine judgment on the unbelieving generation; God condemns those who spied out the land and refused to trust Him, declaring they shall not enter the promised land (mentions Caleb and Joshua positively).
- Numbers 14:29-30 (verbal): Direct parallel formulation of the sentence that the rebellious generation will not enter the land—'your corpses shall fall in this wilderness... you shall not come into the land'—explaining the prohibition in Deut 1:35.
- Numbers 13:31-33 (thematic): The spies' fearful, negative report that provoked the people's rebellion; this event is the immediate cause of the judgment that the present generation would not enter the good land.
- Deuteronomy 1:39 (structural): Immediate Deuteronomic counterpart: contrasts the condemned generation with their children, whom God designates as the ones who will inherit the land—shows the continuation and resolution of the theme in the same chapter.
- Hebrews 3:10-11 (cf. Psalm 95:10-11) (allusion): New Testament/Wisdom tradition applies the wilderness generation's refusal and God's judgment (they would not enter His rest) to warn later believers; explicitly alludes to the same event and its outcome described in Deut/Num.
Alternative generated candidates
- “None of the men of this evil generation who have seen the good land that I swore to give to your fathers shall see it.
- "Surely not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers,
Deu.1.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זולתי: PREP
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יראנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ולבניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr,3ms
- יען: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 14:24 (verbal): Same praise of Caleb: God singles him out because he 'has another spirit' and is faithful, giving the reason for his exemption from the punishment of the wilderness generation.
- Numbers 14:30 (quotation): Closely parallel promise that Caleb (and Joshua) will see the promised land and receive it, repeating the exception to the sentence on the faithless spies.
- Joshua 14:6-14 (quotation): Caleb's later speech when he claims Hebron; repeats his faithfulness ('wholly followed the LORD') and records the reward of land given to him for that fidelity.
- Numbers 13:30 (thematic): Caleb's confident report to the community ('Let us go up at once and possess it'), illustrating the same faithful attitude contrasted with the other spies' fear.
- Joshua 15:13-14 (thematic): Narrative fulfillment: Caleb receives Hebron and drives out the Anakim, showing the concrete allotment of land promised to him because of his devotion to the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only Caleb son of Jephunneh shall see it; to him I will give the land that he trod on, and to his children, because he followed the LORD wholeheartedly.”
- except Caleb son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him I will give the land on which he crawled, and to his children, because he followed the LORD wholeheartedly."
Deu.1.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- התאנף: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בגללכם: PREP+NOUN+PRON,2,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- גם: ADV
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- תבא: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 20:12 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: God rebukes Moses and Aaron at Meribah for not honoring Him, declaring they will not bring the assembly into the promised land — the primary account of the prohibition referenced in Deut 1:37.
- Numbers 27:14 (allusion): God reiterates to Moses the consequence of his earlier disobedience — because you did not believe Me, you shall not bring this congregation into the land — echoing the refusal recorded in Deut 1:37.
- Deuteronomy 3:26-27 (verbal): Moses' later recounting where God again tells him he will not cross the Jordan into the land; a retelling/extension of the same prohibition mentioned in Deut 1:37.
- Psalm 106:32-33 (thematic): Poetic retelling of the Meribah incident: the psalm condemns Moses and Aaron's sin at the waters and its consequence, paralleling Deut 1:37's statement about God's anger and the denial of entrance.
- Deuteronomy 32:51 (verbal): Moses is told he will not enter the land because he did not treat the Lord as holy in the sight of the Israelites — a succinct legal/theological restatement of the reason for the ban in Deut 1:37.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moreover the LORD was angry with me because of you, and he said, “Even you shall not enter there.”
- Moreover the LORD was angry with me because of you, saying, "Also you shall not go in there."
Deu.1.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העמד: VERB,pi'el,ptc,3,m,sg
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שמה: ADV
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ינחלנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 27:18-23 (structural): Moses publicly sets Joshua (son of Nun) over the congregation, laying hands on him and commissioning him as his successor—direct background to Deut 1:38's appointment.
- Deut.31:7-8,14-23 (quotation): Later passage in Deuteronomy where Moses again publicly encourages and commissions Joshua to be strong and lead Israel into the land; repeats the command to 'be strong' and the leadership role named in 1:38.
- Joshua 1:1-9 (verbal): Divine commissioning of Joshua to enter and take possession of the land with the repeated exhortation to 'be strong and courageous'—the narrative fulfillment and echo of Deut 1:38.
- Numbers 14:6-9 (thematic): Joshua (with Caleb) urges the people to trust God and enter the land despite fear—shows Joshua's faithful leadership and explains why he, not the murmuring generation, will bring Israel into possession of the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Joshua son of Nun, who stands before you, he shall go in there; encourage him, for he will cause Israel to inherit it.
- But Joshua the son of Nun, who stands before you, he shall go in there. Encourage him— for he shall give Israel its inheritance.
Deu.1.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וטפכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF,2mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לבז: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ובניכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF,2mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ורע: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שמה: ADV
- ולהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אתננה: VERB,qal,fut,1,sg
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- יירשוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+SUFF,3fs
Parallels
- Numbers 14:30-31 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel (same incident). Numbers records the divine decision that the adult rebels will not enter Canaan while ‘your little ones… I will bring in’—language and idea nearly identical to Deut 1:39.
- Numbers 14:22-24 (thematic): Contextual parallel: explains why the adults are excluded and the children spared—those who saw God’s works but rebelled are punished, while the faithful (and the next generation) receive the land.
- Genesis 17:8 (thematic): Promise language parallel: God’s covenantal grant of ‘the land… to you and your offspring’ frames Deut’s assurance that the land will be given to the next generation.
- Psalm 78:5-7 (thematic): Thematic parallel about transmission to children: Psalm 78 emphasizes making God’s deeds and promises known to the next generation so they will know and trust God—echoing Deut’s concern for the children who will enter and possess the land.
- Ezekiel 18:20 (thematic): Thematic/counterpoint: Ezekiel’s assertion that ‘the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father’ resonates with Deut’s decision that the children, who were not guilty, will enter and inherit despite their parents’ failings.
Alternative generated candidates
- And your little ones, whom you said would be taken captive, and your children, who today do not know good and evil, they shall go in there; to them I will give it, and they shall possess it.
- Your little ones, of whom you said, 'They shall be a prey,' and your children who today know not good or evil—they shall go in there. To them I will give it, and they shall possess it.
Deu.1.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- פנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- וסעו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- המדברה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 13:18 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: God leads the people round about by the way of the wilderness toward the Sea of Reeds (Red Sea), closely matching Deut. 1:40's wording about turning and journeying by the way of the sea.
- Numbers 33:7-8 (structural): Itinerary parallel: the stages record the departure from Egypt and passing through the sea into the wilderness, reflecting the same movement 'by the way of the sea' described in Deut. 1:40.
- Exodus 14:2 (allusion): Command/setting parallel: God tells Israel to encamp before Pi‑hahiroth by the sea—this instruction frames the route and encampment that make the wilderness/by‑sea movement possible.
- Psalm 78:12-13 (thematic): Smaller‑scale retelling: the psalm recounts God dividing the sea and leading Israel through it into the wilderness, thematically echoing the Deuteronomic description of the sea‑route to the wilderness.
- Psalm 106:7-12 (thematic): Historical/theological parallel: the psalm narrates Israel's unbelief and God’s deliverance at the Red Sea and subsequent guidance into the wilderness, connecting the same events and route invoked in Deut. 1:40.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then you turned and journeyed into the wilderness by the way of the Red Sea.
- As for you, turn and journey into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Reeds.
Deu.1.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותענו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ותאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- נעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- ונלחמנו: VERB,qal,imperf,1,m,pl
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צונו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- ותחגרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- מלחמתו: NOUN,f,sg,const,poss:3,m,sg
- ותהינו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לעלת: INF,qal
- ההרה: ADJ,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 14:40-45 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel of the Israelites' late decision to 'go up' and fight without God's favor and the ensuing defeat; many of the same actions and outcome are recounted.
- Deuteronomy 1:26-33 (structural): Immediate context in Deuteronomy retells the episode of Israel's refusal to enter the land and Moses' rebuke—sets up verse 1:41 as the people's renewed, fatal attempt.
- Numbers 14:1-4 (thematic): Describes the congregation's earlier panic, rebellion and desire to return to Egypt or choose a leader—background motives for the sinful impulse summarized by 'we have sinned.'
- Numbers 14:22-23 (thematic): States God's judgment on the faithless generation because of their unbelief and rebellion, explaining why the people's later attempt to go up (Deut 1:41) is both disobedient and doomed.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you answered me and said, “We have sinned against the LORD; we will go up and fight, as the LORD our God commanded us.” So every man girded on his weapons of war and prepared to go up the hill.
- You answered me and said, "We have sinned against the LORD; we will go up and fight, as the LORD our God commanded us." Each man girded on his weapons of war and were ready to go up the hill.
Deu.1.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעלו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- תלחמו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אינני: VERB,negexist,perf,1,sg
- בקרבכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,2,pl,m
- ולא: CONJ
- תנגפו: VERB,niphal,impf,2,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- איביכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,pl,m
Parallels
- Deut 1:35 (structural): Same episode and divine verdict: God swore in anger that the people would not enter the land — background to the prohibition in 1:42.
- Deut 1:44 (structural): Immediate narrative sequel: the people go up against God's command and are struck down — the fulfillment of the warning in 1:42.
- Num 14:22-23 (quotation): God declares that the faithless generation will not enter the land because they did not trust him — verbal parallel to the refusal to bring them in.
- Num 14:40-45 (thematic): Account of Israel attempting to go up without divine approval and being defeated by the Canaanites/Amalekites — mirrors the warning and its practical consequences.
- Josh 7:2-5 (thematic): Israel is routed at Ai because the LORD was not with them (due to sin), illustrating the theme that divine presence (or absence) determines success in battle.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the LORD said to me, “Say to them, ‘Do not go up and do not fight, for I am not among you; you will not be able to defeat your enemies.’”
- Then the LORD said to me, "Say to them, 'Do not go up and do not fight, for I am not among you; you will not prevail before your enemies.'"
Deu.1.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואדבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ותמרו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ותזדו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ותעלו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ההרה: ADJ,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 14:40-45 (verbal): Same episode described: Israelites attempt to go up the hill presumptuously despite warning (language of 'went up' and acting presumptuously), and are rebuked/defeated — direct narrative parallel to Deut 1:43.
- Deuteronomy 9:7-8; 9:23-24 (allusion): Moses elsewhere in Deuteronomy recalls the people's rebellion at Horeb and their refusal to listen to the LORD — the same theme of disobedience and provocation that Deut 1:43 summarizes.
- Isaiah 30:9-11 (verbal): Prophetic rebuke of a 'rebellious people' who will not listen ('they refuse to hear') echoes Deut 1:43's charge that the people did not heed God's words and acted presumptuously.
- Proverbs 1:24-25 (thematic): Wisdom laments that she called and was ignored ('I called, and you refused'), paralleling the pattern in Deut 1:43 of a speaker addressing a people's refusal to listen to divine instruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- I spoke to you, but you would not listen; you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD and presumptuously went up into the hill.
- I spoke to you, but you would not listen; you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD and presumptuously went up the hill.
Deu.1.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הישב: PTCP,qal,act,ms,sg,def
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- לקראתכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- וירדפו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- כאשר: CONJ
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויכתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- בשעיר: PREP+PN,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- חרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 14:45 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the same episode: the Amorites from the hill come out against Israel, pursue them, and smite them — language and action closely mirror Deut 1:44.
- Deuteronomy 1:26–33 (structural): Immediate context within Moses' retrospective speech recounting the people's fear, refusal to enter the land, and the circumstances that led to their being pursued and defeated.
- Numbers 13:31–14:4 (thematic): The spies' negative report and the people's panic/rebellion are the proximate cause of the failed advance and subsequent rout by the inhabitants described in Deut 1:44.
- Numbers 21:1–3 (verbal): References to the place-name Hormah and the motif of utter destruction (herem); connects geographically and conceptually with the destination named in Deut 1:44.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the Amorite who lived in that hill country came out against you and pursued you as you fled, and they struck you down as far as Hormah.
- The Amorite who dwelt on that hill came out against you and chased you as you were turning to go up, and struck you down as far as Hormah.
Deu.1.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותשבו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ותבכו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בקלכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- האזין: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 14:39-45 (structural): A direct narrative parallel recounting the same episode (the people's mourning, their attempt to enter the land, and God's refusal to be with them); the account similarly concludes that the Lord would not listen or assist them.
- Psalm 95:10-11 (thematic): Speaks of the wilderness generation who provoked God and were denied entry into his rest—themewise close to Deut 1:45's depiction of God's refusal to heed the people's cries because of their rebellion.
- Hebrews 3:16-19 (allusion): The New Testament cites the wilderness generation's unbelief and refusal to enter God's rest, interpreting the same episode described in Deut 1 (including God's judgment in not granting their request).
- Isaiah 1:15 (verbal): Declares that when sinners spread out their hands in prayer God will hide his eyes and not hear—a verbal/thematic parallel to Deut 1:45's statement that the LORD did not listen to their cries.
Alternative generated candidates
- You returned and wept before the LORD, but the LORD did not listen to your voice nor give heed to you.
- Then you returned and wept before the LORD, but the LORD did not heed your voice and paid no attention to you.
Deu.1.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותשבו: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,pl
- בקדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישבתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 13:26 (structural): The spies return to the congregation at Kadesh (wilderness of Paran/Kadesh); shares the same location and narrative setting as Deut 1:46.
- Numbers 14:33-34 (thematic): God’s judgment that Israel’s generation would wander in the wilderness for forty years is rooted in the refusal that occurred at Kadesh—ties the prolonged stay at Kadesh to its consequences.
- Numbers 20:1-13 (allusion): Later episodes set at Kadesh (Miriam’s death; lack of water at Meribah and Moses’ striking the rock) illustrate events and tensions connected with Israel’s prolonged encampment at Kadesh.
- Deuteronomy 2:14 (verbal): Deuteronomy elsewhere specifies the long interval from Kadesh‑barnea until crossing the brook Zered (thirty‑eight years), echoing the language of a lengthy stay associated with Kadesh.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you remained at Kadesh many days—many days, as you had been staying.
- So you remained at Kadesh many days, the same as the days you stayed.
But you would not go up; you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD your God.
You murmured in your tents and said in hatred of the LORD, "He has brought us out of Egypt to deliver us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us."
Then you said, "Why should we go up? Our brothers have discouraged our hearts, saying, 'A people greater and taller than we; the cities are large and fortified up to heaven, and moreover we have seen the sons of Anak there.'" And I said to you, 'Do not be terrified, do not be afraid of them.'
The LORD your God who goes before you will fight for you, as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes. And in the wilderness that you saw the LORD your God bore you, as one bears his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.
Yet in this thing you did not believe in the LORD your God.
He who went before you on the way to seek out a place for you to camp—by night in a pillar of fire to give you light, and by day in a pillar of cloud. And the LORD heard the sound of your words and was angry, and he swore, saying,
"Not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers. But Caleb son of Jephunneh—he shall see it; to him I will give the land on which he walked, and to his children, because he was wholly devoted to the LORD." And the LORD was also angry with me because of you, saying, "You also shall not go in there." But Joshua son of Nun, who stands before you, he shall go in there; encourage him, for he will cause Israel to inherit it.
Your little ones, of whom you said, 'They shall be a prey,' and your children who today know not good and evil—they shall go in there; and to them I will give it, and they shall possess it.
As for you, you turned and journeyed into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Reeds. And you answered me and said, 'We have sinned against the LORD. We will go up and fight, as the LORD our God commanded us.' So every man girded on his weapons of war, and you were ready to go up into the hill.
Then the LORD said to me, 'Say to them, Do not go up and do not fight, for I am not among you; lest you be struck before your enemies.' And I spoke to you, but you would not listen; you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD and presumptuously went up into the hill.
Then the Amorites who lived on that hill came out against you and pursued you as you went up; they struck you down as far as Hormah.
You returned and wept before the LORD, but the LORD did not hear your voice and did not give ear to you. So you remained at Kadesh many days—many days as you stayed there.