The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities
Joshua 10:29-43
Jos.10.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ממקדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- וילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- לבנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Josh.10.28 (structural): Immediate preceding verse in the same campaign—captures the same sequence of city-to-city campaigning (capture of Makkedah) and sets up the movement to Libnah.
- Josh.10.31 (verbal): Immediate follow-up to 10:29—records the outcome of the encounter with Libnah (Joshua’s taking/striking of the city), mirroring the ‘fight/take’ pattern.
- Josh.10.30 (verbal): Parallel wording in the southern campaign narrative: the formula 'Joshua and all Israel with him' and the swift assault/taking of a city recurs here, showing the standard narrative formula for these victories.
- Josh.6.20 (thematic): Earlier conquest narrative (Jericho) in which Joshua and Israel execute a divinely sanctioned assault on a fortified city—themewise parallel of Israel’s city-to-city conquests under Joshua’s leadership.
- Judg.1.11 (thematic): Early Israelite conquest motif in Judges—'they fought against him' and the capture of a city/leader (Adoni-bezek) parallels the combat and city-capture language found in Joshua’s southern campaign.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Makkedah to Libnah and fought against Libnah.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Makkedah to Libnah, and fought against Libnah.
Jos.10.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- למלכה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,fs
- כאשר: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יריחו: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
Parallels
- Josh 6:21 (verbal): Joshua 10:30 echoes the Jericho account; both describe the city given to Israel, the king struck by the sword, and no survivors—10:30 even says ‘as he had done to Jericho.’
- Josh 8:24-29 (verbal): The capture and destruction of Ai (including the killing and disposal of its king and burning of the city) parallels the same actions summarized in 10:30 toward this city and its king.
- Deut 20:16-18 (thematic): Deuteronomy’s command to devote certain peoples and cities to complete destruction provides the legal/theological rationale underpinning Joshua’s reports of leaving no survivors.
- 1 Sam 15:3 (thematic): God’s instruction to Saul to ‘utterly destroy’ Amalek—killing men, women, children, and animals—echoes the theme of divinely sanctioned total destruction found in Joshua 10:30.
- Judg 1:8 (verbal): Early conquest language in Judges (taking a city, striking with the edge of the sword, burning it) parallels the formulaic description of conquest and extermination found in Joshua 10:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD also gave it into the hand of Israel; and Joshua struck its king with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it—he left no survivor—and he did to its king as he had done to the king of Jericho.
- And the LORD also gave it into the hand of Israel; and Joshua struck its king with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it he left no survivor; and he did to the king of Libnah as he had done to the king of Jericho.
Jos.10.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מלבנה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
- לכישה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
- ויחן: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- וילחם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 10:29 (structural): Immediate preceding verse in the same campaign narrative (capture of Makkedah and movement from Libnah), showing the sequential progression toward Lachish.
- Joshua 10:32 (structural): Direct continuation of the episode reporting Joshua's attack and taking of Lachish and the defeat of its king; it completes the action begun in 10:31.
- Joshua 10:40 (thematic): Summary of Joshua's southern campaign that lists the cities subdued in the region (including Lachish), placing the specific siege in the broader conquest context.
- Joshua 12:9-24 (verbal): Catalogue of the kings and cities defeated by Moses and Joshua in the land of Canaan; includes the king of Lachish and echoes the outcome of the campaigns narrated in Joshua 10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Libnah to Lachish; and they encamped against it and fought against it.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Libnah to Lachish, and they encamped against it and fought against it.
Jos.10.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- לכיש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וילכדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ביום: PREP
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ללבנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Same conquest formula — the city is devoted/utterly destroyed and all its inhabitants (men, women, young, and old) are put to the sword, echoing the language of total annihilation.
- Joshua 11:11 (structural): Parallel conquest summary formula: Joshua captures a city, smites it with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroys the people, leaving none — same narrative pattern applied to multiple cities.
- Deuteronomy 20:16-17 (thematic): Legal/ideological background for the conquest practice: command to leave nothing alive in certain cities given as an inheritance, providing the covenantal rationale for complete destruction.
- 1 Samuel 15:3 (thematic): Royal/prophetic command to ‘utterly destroy’ an enemy population (men, women, infants, and animals) — closely parallels the ethical and verbal motif of complete extermination in conquest narratives.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD gave Lachish into the hand of Israel, and they captured it on the second day. Joshua struck its king with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it, as he had done to Libnah.
- And the LORD gave Lachish into the hand of Israel; and they captured it on the second day, and struck it with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it—just as they had done to Libnah.
Jos.10.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אז: ADV
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- גזר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעזר: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- לכיש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויכהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- בלתי: NEG
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 10:29 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — the same episode describing Joshua’s attack on Lachish and the defeat of Horam king of Gezer.
- Joshua 10:32 (structural): Chapter summary of Joshua’s southern campaign, emphasizing that the LORD fought for Israel and recounting the subjugation of the kings.
- Joshua 11:11 (verbal): Parallel wording and theme — Joshua’s northern campaign where he ‘left none remaining,’ echoing the formula of complete defeat and destruction.
- Deuteronomy 20:16–17 (thematic): Legal/theological parallel — explicit command in the conquest laws to devote certain cities/peoples to destruction, providing the ideological background for Joshua’s actions.
- Deuteronomy 7:2 (thematic): Similar command language — an injunction to ‘save alive nothing that breathes’ among the nations of Canaan, paralleling the motif of leaving no survivors.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua struck him and his people, leaving him no survivor.
- Then Horam king of Gezer went up to help Lachish; and Joshua struck him and his people, leaving him no survivor.
Jos.10.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מלכיש: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- עגלנה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- ויחנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- וילחמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 10:29 (verbal): Uses the same conquest formula — 'ויעבר יהושע וכל־ישראל עמו ... ויחנו עליה וילחמו עליה' — describing Joshua and Israel passing to a city, encamping and fighting against it.
- Joshua 10:32 (verbal): Another immediate instance of the repeated narrative formula in the southern campaign: Joshua and all Israel pass over to a named city, encamp against it and fight — parallel wording and sequence of actions.
- Joshua 10:40 (structural): Chapter summary of Joshua's southern victories that repeats the same pattern of movement, encampment and battle; provides the broader structural context for v.34 as part of a sequence of city conquests.
- Joshua 6:20 (thematic): Another city-capture episode in Joshua emphasizing Israel's conquest of Canaanite cities; thematically parallels the taking of fortified towns and divine assistance in securing victories, though with different tactics (Jericho’s walls falling vs. direct assault).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Lachish to Eglon and encamped against it and fought against it.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Lachish to Eglon, and encamped against it and fought against it.
Jos.10.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכדוה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,f,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- ויכוה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- החרים: NOUN,prop,m,pl,def
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ללכיש: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 10:31 (structural): Directly connected within the chapter: Joshua 10:31 describes the capture and destruction of Lachish with the same verbs and is the specific event to which v.35 refers ('as he had done to Lachish').
- Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Jericho account uses the same formula—'utterly destroyed with the edge of the sword'—including the wholesale destruction of men, women and animals (the typical conquest formula).
- Joshua 8:26 (verbal): After the ambush at Ai the text likewise reports striking the city with the sword and burning it, employing parallel wording about complete destruction of the inhabitants and city.
- Judges 1:8 (verbal): Judah's capture of Jerusalem uses the same language—striking with the edge of the sword and burning the city—reflecting the recurring conquest motif and terminology in early Israelite tradition.
- Deuteronomy 2:34 (thematic): Describes the earlier Transjordanic warfare using comparable language about taking cities and leaving none alive, echoing the theme of total destruction in Israelite war accounts.
Alternative generated candidates
- They captured it on that day and struck it with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it; on that day he devoted it, as he had done to Lachish.
- They captured it on that day and struck it with the edge of the sword; and all the people in it on that day they devoted to destruction, just as he had done to Lachish.
Jos.10.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מעגלונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- חברונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- וילחמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Josh 6:20-21 (structural): Conquest of a fortified city (Jericho): Israel, under Joshua's leadership, attacks and destroys the city — a paradigmatic city‑capture narrative similar in form and purpose.
- Josh 8:18-19 (structural): Battle of Ai: Joshua directs an ascent and assault on a city using tactical movement and direct fighting, paralleling the narrative pattern of leading Israel to take a town.
- Josh 10:29-30 (verbal): Immediate context in the same southern campaign: these verses record Joshua and all Israel taking nearby cities, using similar language of approaching, fighting, and capturing towns.
- Deut 7:1-2 (thematic): God’s command to dispossess the nations of Canaan provides the theological rationale for Joshua’s military actions — the wider theme of divinely mandated conquest.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua and all Israel with him went up from Eglon to Hebron and fought against it.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him went up from Eglon to Hebron, and fought against it.
Jos.10.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכדוה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויכוה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עריה: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעגלון: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויחרם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 10:40 (verbal): Same campaign-language: Joshua 'struck the land' and 'left none that breathed'—echoes the formula of total destruction and no survivors used to summarize the conquest.
- Joshua 11:11 (thematic): Another report of Joshua’s northern campaign using similar actions: cities taken, people struck with the edge of the sword and left no survivors, and the cities devoted (herem).
- Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Jericho account: 'they devoted all in the city to destruction, both men and women, young and old'—parallel phrasing of herem/devotion and killing every living person.
- Deuteronomy 3:6 (thematic): Report of Israel's victory over Og where Israel 'put them to the sword until there was no survivor'—echoes the motif of complete destruction and leaving no remnant.
- 1 Samuel 15:3,8 (allusion): God’s command to Saul to 'devote to destruction' Amalek and the report that Saul carried out killing 'men and women, children and infants'—parallels the language and theological motif of herem and total extermination.
Alternative generated candidates
- They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword, and its king, and all its cities, and all the people in it; he left no survivor. As he had done to Eglon, so he devoted Hebron and all the people in it.
- They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword; its king and all its cities and all the people in it he left no survivor, just as he had done to Eglon; and he devoted it and all the people in it.
Jos.10.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- דברה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Josh.8:1-2 (structural): Joshua is commanded to return and attack Ai; both passages describe Joshua turning back and conducting a direct assault on a town under his leadership.
- Josh.11:8-13 (verbal): Narrates Joshua and all Israel fighting a series of Canaanite cities and kings—language and sequence of ‘Joshua and all Israel with him’ conducting assaults echoes Josh.10:38.
- Judg.4:14-16 (thematic): Barak musters Israel and leads them into battle against Canaanite foes; parallels the motif of Israel rallying under a named leader to fight an enemy city or army.
- Exod.17:11-13 (thematic): Moses’ role in the battle against Amalek emphasizes leadership support and Israel’s collective combat under a central leader—comparable theme of leader-plus-Israel fighting together.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua and all Israel with him turned back to Debir and fought against it.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him returned to Debir and fought against it.
Jos.10.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עריה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3f
- ויכום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויחרימו: VERB,hiphil,imperfect,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לחברון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כן: ADV
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לדברה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולמלכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכאשר: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ללבנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולמלכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Josh.6:21 (verbal): Jericho account uses the same language and formula — utterly destroyed everything (men, women, young, old) and left none breathing, paralleling Joshua’s treatment of the captured cities.
- Josh.8:26-29 (verbal): Conquest of Ai: capture of the king, destruction of the city, and leaving no survivors; closely parallels the sequence and outcome in Josh 10:39.
- Josh.11:11 (verbal): Northern campaign summary: the kings were struck and the cities devoted to destruction, with none left breathing — same technical vocabulary and narrative pattern.
- Deut.20:16-18 (structural): Legal/ethical instruction to devote certain cities to destruction and leave nothing that breathes; provides the covenantal/legal framework for Joshua’s actions.
- 1 Sam.15:3 (thematic): Divine command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites and leave no survivors; thematically parallels the notion of divinely authorized total destruction in conquest narratives.
Alternative generated candidates
- They captured it, and its king, and all its cities, and they struck them with the edge of the sword; and they devoted all the people in it—he left no survivor—just as he had done to Hebron and its king, and as he had done to Libnah and its king.
- He captured it, and its king and all its cities; and he struck them with the edge of the sword and devoted all the people in it—he left no survivor. As he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir and to its king; and as he had done to Libnah, so he did to its king.
Jos.10.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והנגב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשפלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והאשדות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- לא: PART_NEG
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הנשמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- החרים: NOUN,prop,m,pl,def
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Same herem language and action: the city (Jericho) and its people/animals were devoted to destruction—'they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman...'—paralleling Joshua's leaving no survivor.
- Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (quotation): Explicit command elsewhere in Torah: 'You shall not leave alive anything that breathes' regarding the cities of the nations, which Joshua here carries out at God's command.
- Deuteronomy 7:1-2 (thematic): Gives the theological rationale for extermination of Canaanite nations—God driving them out and commanding Israel not to make covenants—setting the covenantal background for Joshua's conquests.
- Joshua 11:11-14 (structural): Parallel conquest summary later in Joshua: Joshua strikes the kings, burns Hazor, and 'left no one breathing'—a repeated narrative pattern and outcome for Israel's military campaigns.
- 1 Samuel 15:3 (verbal): Samuel's commission to Saul to 'utterly destroy' Amalek (men, women, children, and animals) uses the same motif and vocabulary of total destruction under divine command.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Joshua struck all the land—the hill country, the Negeb, the lowland, and the slopes—and all their kings; he left no survivor; he devoted all the people, as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded.
- Thus Joshua struck the whole land—the hill country, the Negeb, the Shephelah, and the lowland—and all their kings; he left no survivor, and he devoted every living person, as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded.
Jos.10.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברנע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עזה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גשן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- גבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 10:40 (verbal): Nearly identical territorial formula—'from Kadesh‑barnea to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen to Gibeon'—used earlier in the chapter to describe Joshua's successful campaign.
- Joshua 11:16 (verbal): Repeats the same geographic sweep ('from Kadesh‑barnea to Gaza, and from the wilderness to Gibeon') as a summary statement of the extent of Israel's conquest under Joshua.
- Joshua 11:23 (structural): A programmatic summary of the conquest ('So Joshua took the whole land... and the land had rest from war'), providing the broader structural conclusion to the campaign described in 10:41.
- Judges 1:4-7 (thematic): The Judges account re‑narrates Israelite military advances and city captures in the land; thematically parallels Joshua's sweep by describing territorial gains and the process of subduing Canaanite cities (though with different emphases and outcomes).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua struck from Kadesh‑barnea to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen to Gibeon.
- And Joshua struck them from Kadesh‑barnea even to Gaza, and all the country of Goshen even to Gibeon.
Jos.10.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- המלכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ואת: CONJ
- ארצם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לכד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פעם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נלחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Josh.11.23 (structural): Summary statement that Joshua took the whole land and there was no more war until his death—parallels the conquest and the land being secured after divine victory.
- Deut.20.4 (verbal): ‘For the Lord your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you…’—echoes the explicit claim that Yahweh fought for Israel, enabling their military success.
- Exod.23.27-30 (allusion): God promises to send terror/hornets and drive out the nations before Israel so they can possess the land—an antecedent promise of divine action in Israel’s conquest.
- Judg.4.14 (thematic): At Deborah and Barak’s victory the text presents the rout as Yahweh’s action; thematically parallels the motif that the Lord fights on Israel’s behalf in battle.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua captured all these kings and their lands at one time, for the LORD, the God of Israel, fought for Israel.
- And Joshua captured all these kings and their lands in one campaign, for the LORD, the God of Israel, was fighting for Israel.
Jos.10.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגלגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Joshua 4:19 (verbal): Both verses place Israel encamped at Gilgal immediately after major crossing/operations — same locus of the camp (Gilgal) and similar verb of encamping/being at the camp.
- Joshua 5:10 (verbal): Israel is described as encamping at Gilgal and observing Passover there; reinforces Gilgal as the central camp/base to which Joshua and the people return.
- Joshua 10:6 (structural): Earlier in the same campaign the Gibeonites send word to Joshua 'to the camp at Gilgal' — shows Gilgal functioning as Joshua’s operational base during these military actions.
- Joshua 11:23 (thematic): A summary statement of Joshua's complete subjugation of the land and Israel's possession of it; thematically parallels 10:43's note of return after military successes and the completion of campaign activity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp at Gilgal.
- And Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the camp at Gilgal.
And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Makkedah to Libnah, and they fought against Libnah. And the LORD also gave it into the hand of Israel; and its king he devoted to destruction with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it—he left no survivor. He did to its king as he had done to the king of Jericho. And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Libnah to Lachish, and they camped against it and fought against it. And the LORD gave Lachish into the hand of Israel; and they captured it on the second day and struck it with the edge of the sword, with all the people in it, just as he had done to Libnah.
Then Horam king of Gezer went up to help Lachish; and Joshua struck him and his people, until he left him no survivor. And Joshua and all Israel with him passed from Lachish to Eglon, and they camped against it and fought against it.
They captured it that day and struck it with the edge of the sword, and all the people in it that day they devoted to destruction, as he had done to Lachish. And Joshua and all Israel with him went up from Eglon to Hebron and fought against it.
They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword; and its king and all its cities, and all the people in it, he left no survivor—just as he had done to Eglon. He devoted it and all the people in it to destruction. And Joshua and all Israel with him turned back to Debir and fought against it.
They captured it, and its king and all its cities; they struck them with the edge of the sword and devoted to destruction all the people in it—he left no survivor. As he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, even as he had done to Libnah and its king. So Joshua struck all the land—the hill country, the Negeb, the lowland, and the foothills—and all their kings; he left no survivor. He devoted to destruction every life, as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded. And Joshua struck them from Kadesh‑barnea to Gaza, and all the country of Goshen as far as Gibeon. And all these kings and their lands Joshua took at one time, for the LORD, the God of Israel, fought for Israel. And Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the camp at Gilgal.