David Anointed King over All Israel
2 Samuel 5:1-5
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2 S.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חברונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- הננו: PRON,1,c,pl
- עצמך: PRON,2,m,sg,poss
- ובשרך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 11:1 (verbal): Near‑identical parallel account — the assemblies of Israel come to David at Hebron and declare 'we are your bone and your flesh.'
- 2 Samuel 2:4 (structural): Earlier episode at Hebron where the men of Judah anoint David king of the house of Judah; sets the stage for the wider national recognition in 5:1–3.
- Genesis 29:14 (verbal): Uses the same kinship formula ('you are my bone and my flesh') — an established Hebrew expression for close familial/communal bonds, echoed here to express Israel's identification with David.
- 1 Chronicles 12:38 (thematic): Chronicler's expanded listing of men and tribes who came to Hebron to make David king, thematically paralleling the unification of Israel around David in 2 Samuel 5:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron, and they said, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.”
- And all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and said, "Behold, we are your bone and your flesh."
2 S.5.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- אתמול: ADV
- גם: ADV
- שלשום: ADV
- בהיות: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,sg
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- המוציא: VERB,hif,ptc,3,m,sg
- והמביא: CONJ+VERB,hiph,ptcp,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- תרעה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- לנגיד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 11:2-3 (structural): Parallel account of the same event: the elders of Israel come to Hebron and make/anoint David king—same narrative material as 2 Samuel 5:2.
- 1 Samuel 16:1,12-13 (thematic): Samuel's anointing of David as God's chosen king establishes the divine choice that underlies the elders' statement that the LORD appointed David to lead Israel.
- Psalm 78:70-72 (verbal): Describes God choosing David from the sheepfolds and making him shepherd of Israel; uses the same 'shepherd' language and leadership motif found in 2 Sam 5:2.
- Ezekiel 34:23-24 (allusion): Prophetic promise that God will set up 'one shepherd, my servant David' to feed Israel—echoes and expands the shepherd/prince role attributed to David in 2 Sam 5:2.
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (allusion): Foretells a righteous Davidic king who will reign and execute justice—connects to the LORD's appointment of David as prince/leader over Israel in 2 Sam 5:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Even yesterday and the day before, when Saul was king over us, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; and the LORD said to you, ‘You shall shepherd my people Israel, and you shall be ruler over Israel.’
- Even from the days when Saul was king over us—yesterday and the day before—you were the one who brought Israel out and brought them in; and the LORD said to you, "You shall shepherd my people Israel, and you shall be ruler over Israel."
2 S.5.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- זקני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חברונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחברון: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וימשחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 2:4 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: earlier account of the men of Judah coming to Hebron and anointing David king over the house of Judah (precursor to his anointing over all Israel).
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (verbal): Direct retelling of the same event—elders coming to Hebron, covenant made before the LORD, and David anointed king over Israel (close verbal parallels to 2 Sam 5:1–3).
- 1 Samuel 16:13 (allusion): Samuel’s earlier prophetic anointing of David as God’s chosen future king—provides theological background for the later public anointing at Hebron.
- 1 Samuel 10:1 (thematic): Samuel’s anointing of Saul introduces the Israelite practice and theological motif of anointing a king; serves as a thematic contrast and precedent for David’s anointing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, and King David made a covenant with them before the LORD at Hebron; and they anointed David king over Israel.
- Then all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron; and King David made a covenant with them at Hebron before the LORD, and they anointed David king over Israel.
2 S.5.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:5 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same context specifying the breakdown of David’s forty-year reign (seven years in Hebron, thirty-three in Jerusalem), amplifying 5:4’s statement.
- 1 Kings 2:11 (verbal): Summarizes David’s reign as forty years and gives the same Hebron/Jerusalem breakdown—uses the reign-length data as a chronological summary.
- 1 Chronicles 29:27 (verbal): Repeats the basic chronological note that David reigned forty years (and elsewhere in Chronicles the seven/ thirty-three division is given), echoing the wording and purpose of 2 Samuel 5:4.
- 1 Samuel 16:12 (thematic): Records David’s youthful beginnings and anointing, providing a thematic parallel about David’s rise to kingship that culminates in the reign-length statement of 2 Samuel 5:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
- David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
2 S.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בחברון: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- על: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- שבע: NUM,card
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
- חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובירושלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:4 (verbal): Immediate context: states David's age and that he reigned forty years, providing the same chronological summary that 5:5 breaks down into Hebron and Jerusalem periods.
- 2 Samuel 2:11 (verbal): Earlier account: gives the same figure for David's Hebron reign—seven years and six months—corresponding to the Hebron portion cited in 5:5.
- 1 Kings 2:11 (verbal): Deuteronomistic summary: repeats the total forty-year reign and the division of seven years (Hebron) and thirty-three years (Jerusalem).
- 1 Chronicles 29:27 (verbal): Chronicle tradition: provides the same chronological breakdown of David's reign—7½ years in Hebron and 33 years in Jerusalem—mirroring 2 Samuel 5:5.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Thematic/structural parallel: describes Israel's recognition and anointing of David (initially at Hebron and then at Jerusalem), paralleling the political shift reflected in the reign-length allocation of 2 Samuel 5:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- At Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.
- At Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.
And all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and said to him, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.'
Even yesterday and the day before, while Saul was king over us, it was you who led Israel out and brought them in, and the LORD said to you, 'You shall shepherd my people Israel, and you shall be ruler over Israel.'
Then all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron; and King David made a covenant with them before the LORD at Hebron, and they anointed David king over Israel.
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.