Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty
Romans 11:33-36
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Rom.11.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ω: INTJ
- βαθος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- πλουτου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- σοφιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- γνωσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- θεου·ως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ανεξεραυνητα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- κριματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ανεξιχνιαστοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- οδοι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Job 11:7-9 (verbal): Asks whether one can explore the 'deep things' or 'limits' of God—language and idea of God's depths and inscrutability parallel Romans' 'depth of the riches' and 'unsearchable' judgments.
- Isaiah 40:28 (verbal): Declares that 'the LORD is the everlasting God... his understanding is unsearchable,' using wording and the theme of God's unfathomable wisdom like Romans 11:33.
- Psalm 145:3 (thematic): Proclaims God's greatness and that his greatness is unsearchable—themewise parallel to the praise of God's riches, wisdom, and inscrutable ways in Romans 11:33.
- 1 Corinthians 2:10-11 (thematic): Speaks of God's hidden wisdom and that no one knows the thoughts of God except the Spirit, echoing Romans' emphasis on the depth of God's wisdom and the inscrutability of his judgments.
Alternative generated candidates
- O the depth of the riches and of the wisdom and of the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!
- O depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and how inscrutable his ways!
Rom.11.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Τις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- εγνω: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- νουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- συμβουλος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 40:13 (quotation): Paul echoes the same rhetorical question found in Isaiah (LXX/Hebrew): Who has directed/known the mind or Spirit of the Lord? — a direct OT citation/allusion.
- 1 Corinthians 2:11-16 (verbal): Uses the same motif of human inability to know God's thoughts and culminates in 'we have the mind of Christ,' echoing the rhetorical question about knowing the Lord's mind.
- Job 11:7 (thematic): Rhetorical challenge about whether human beings can discover the 'deep things' of God — thematically parallels the question about knowing God's mind.
- Jeremiah 23:18 (allusion): Speaks of 'standing in the counsel of the LORD' and hearing his word, paralleling the imagery of someone serving as God's counsellor.
Alternative generated candidates
- For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?
- For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?
Rom.11.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- προεδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ανταποδοθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Job 41:11 (quotation): Direct OT source for Paul's phrase; LXX/MT reads similarly—'Who has first given to me, that I should repay him?' which Paul adapts to argue God's independence from human obligation.
- Isaiah 40:13 (quotation): Part of the cluster of rhetorical questions Paul draws on ('Who has known/been his counselor?'), establishing God's sovereignty and that no one can give counsel or claim a debt from God.
- 1 Corinthians 4:7 (verbal): Paul asks rhetorically 'What do you have that you did not receive?'—a parallel reversal stressing that humans have nothing to claim against God and owe their status to his grace.
- Psalm 50:9-12 (thematic): Affirms God's ownership of creation ('For every beast...the world is mine'), supporting the idea that God owes nothing to creatures and cannot be repaid.
Alternative generated candidates
- Or who has first given to him, that it should be repaid to him?
- Or who has first given to him, that he should repay him?
Rom.11.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- εξ: PREP
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- δι᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- παντα·αυτω: ADJ,acc,pl,n+PRON,dat,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αιωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αμην: PART
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 8:6 (verbal): Uses a related triadic formula linking Father and Son with all things: 'to us there is one God... of whom are all things, and we exist for him; and one Lord... through whom are all things,' echoing 'from him and through him and to him are all things.'
- Colossians 1:16 (verbal): Speaks of Christ as agent and goal of creation: 'for in him all things were created... through him and for him,' paralleling the claim that all things originate, operate, and exist for God.
- Revelation 4:11 (thematic): A doxological recognition of God as creator: 'You created all things, and by your will they existed and were created,' matching Romans' emphasis on God's sovereignty over all things and ensuing praise.
- Ephesians 3:21 (structural): A Pauline doxology concluding a theological section: 'to him be the glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen,' mirroring Romans' closing 'to him be the glory... Amen.'
- Psalm 24:1 (thematic): Affirms God's ownership of creation—'The earth is the LORD's, and the fullness thereof'—resonating with Romans' assertion that all things are from and belong to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever. Amen.
- For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever. Amen.
Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and how inscrutable his ways!
For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?
Or who has given to him first, that he might be repaid?
For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever. Amen.