Elihu's Intervention: Rebuke and Praise of God's Majesty

Job 32:1-37:24

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Leviticus

The Burnt Offering 1:1-17 The Grain Offering 2:1-16 The Peace Offering 3:1-17 The Sin Offering 4:1-5:13 The Guilt Offering 5:14-6:7 The Burnt Offering—Priests’ Duties 6:8-13 The Grain Offering—Priests’ Portion 6:14-23 The Sin Offering—Priests’ Portion 6:24-30 The Guilt Offering—Priests’ Portion 7:1-10 The Peace Offering—Thanksgiving and Vows 7:11-21 Prohibited Fat and Blood 7:22-27 Concluding Regulations 7:28-38 The Priests Ordained 8:1-36 Priestly Ministry Begins 9:1-24 Nadab and Abihu 10:1-20 Clean and Unclean Animals 11:1-47 Purification After Childbirth 12:1-8 Laws for Leprosy—Skin Diseases 13:1-46 Leprous Garments 13:47-59 Cleansing of a Leper 14:1-32 Leprous Houses 14:33-57 Bodily Discharges 15:1-33 The Day of Atonement 16:1-34 The Place of Sacrifice; No Blood 17:1-16 Unlawful Sexual Relations 18:1-30 Holiness in Everyday Life 19:1-37 Penalties for Unholiness 20:1-27 Holiness of the Priests 21:1-22:16 Acceptable Offerings; Appointed Feasts Intro 22:17-23:2 The Sabbath 23:3 Passover and Unleavened Bread 23:4-8 Firstfruits 23:9-14 Weeks (Pentecost) 23:15-22 Trumpets 23:23-25 Day of Atonement 23:26-32 Booths 23:33-44 Tabernacle Lamps, Bread, and Blasphemer 24:1-23 Sabbath Year 25:1-7 The Year of Jubilee 25:8-55 Blessings for Obedience 26:1-13 Curses for Disobedience 26:14-46 Vows and Dedications 27:1-34

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

Judges

Israel's Conquest and Incomplete Possession 1:1-36 The Angel's Rebuke at Bokim 2:1-5 Israel's Apostasy and the Rise of Oppressors 2:6-3:6 Othniel Delivers Israel 3:7-11 Ehud's Assassination and Israel's Deliverance 3:12-30 Shamgar's Deliverance of Israel 3:31 Deborah and Barak's Victory Over Sisera 4:1-24 Deborah's Song of Victory 5:1-31 The Call of Gideon and the Signs of Faith 6:1-40 Gideon's 300 and the Defeat of Midian 7:1-25 Gideon's Pursuit and Execution of the Midianite Kings 8:1-21 Gideon Refuses Kingship and Makes an Ephod 8:22-27 Gideon's Death and Israel's Return to Idolatry 8:28-35 Abimelech's Usurpation and Destruction 9:1-57 Tola Judges Israel 10:1-2 Jair of Gilead Judges Israel 10:3-5 Israel's Apostasy and Jephthah's Tragic Deliverance 10:6-11:40 Jephthah's Clash with Ephraim and the 'Shibboleth' 12:1-7 Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon Rule Israel 12:8-15 The Birth of Samson and the Angelic Announcement 13:1-25 Samson's Marriage, Riddle, and Retaliation 14:1-20 Samson's Vengeance and Triumph over the Philistines 15:1-20 Samson and Delilah: Betrayal and Capture 16:1-22 Samson's Death and the Fall of the Philistine Temple 16:23-31 Micah's Idol and the Levite Priest 17:1-13 The Danites' Migration and the Theft of Micah's Idols 18:1-31 The Atrocity at Gibeah and the Levite's Grievance 19:1-30 Civil War: Israel vs. Benjamin 20:1-48 Aftermath of Civil War: Preservation of Benjamin 21:1-25

Ruth

Naomi's Loss and Ruth's Loyalty 1:1-22 Ruth Gleans in Boaz's Field 2:1-23 Ruth Entreats Boaz for Redemption 3:1-18 Boaz Redeems Ruth at the City Gate 4:1-12 Obed's Birth and David's Lineage 4:13-22

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Ezra

Cyrus' Decree and the Return of Temple Vessels 1:1-11 The List of Returning Exiles 2:1-70 The Altar Rebuilt and Worship Restored 3:1-6 Laying the Temple Foundation 3:7-13 Samaritans' Offer Rejected and Opposition Begins 4:1-5 Hostile Letters and the Suspension of Rebuilding 4:6-24 Prophets Renew the Work and Officials Inquire 5:1-17 Darius Confirms Cyrus' Decree and Orders the Temple Rebuilt 6:1-12 Completion and Dedication of the Temple 6:13-18 The Passover Celebrated by the Returnees 6:19-22 Ezra's Lineage, Call, and Preparations 7:1-10 Artaxerxes' Decree Granting Ezra Authority 7:11-28 The Register of Ezra's Companions 8:1-14 Ezra's Fast, Prayer, and Safe Journey to Jerusalem 8:15-36 Ezra's Confession over Intermarriage and Plea for Mercy 9:1-15 Public Repentance and the Proposal to Send Away Foreign Wives 10:1-17 The List of Men Who Separated from Foreign Wives 10:18-44

Nehemiah

Nehemiah's Prayer for Jerusalem 1:1-11 Nehemiah's Appeal and Commission 2:1-10 Nehemiah Inspects the Walls and Faces Opposition 2:11-20 The Repair of Jerusalem's Walls and Gates 3:1-32 Opposition to the Work and Defensive Preparations 4:1-23 Reform of Economic Oppression 5:1-19 Plots Against Nehemiah and His Steadfastness 6:1-14 The Wall Is Completed and Leaders Appointed 6:15-7:3 Enrollment of the Returned Exiles 7:4-72 The Law Is Read; Renewal and Celebration 7:73-8:18 Confession, Praise, and a Recital of Israel's History 9:1-37 Covenant Renewal and Commitments 9:38-10:39 Resettlement of Jerusalem and Its Towns 11:1-36 Register of Priests and Levites 12:1-26 Dedication of the Wall and Festal Processions 12:27-47 Nehemiah's Final Reforms and Purification 13:1-31

Esther

Ahasuerus' Banquet and Vashti's Removal 1:1-22 Esther Chosen as Queen 2:1-18 Mordecai Exposes a Plot Against the King 2:19-23 Haman Elevated and the Decree Against the Jews 3:1-15 Mordecai's Plea and Esther's Resolve 4:1-17 Esther Approaches the King and Invites Haman 5:1-8 Haman's Pride and Mordecai's Scorn 5:9-14 Mordecai Honored and Haman Humiliated 6:1-14 Esther Reveals Haman's Plot and He Is Hanged 7:1-10 Mordecai Elevated and a New Decree Permits Jewish Defense 8:1-17 The Jews Defend Themselves and Prevail in Susa 9:1-17 The Victory Celebrated and Purim Instituted 9:18-32 Mordecai's Exaltation and Legacy 10:1-3

Job

Job's Righteousness and Prosperity 1:1-5 The Accuser's Challenge and Job's Calamities 1:6-22 Satan's Second Test and Job's Endurance 2:1-10 Job's Friends Visit and Mourn Silently 2:11-13 Job's Lament: Cursing the Day of His Birth 3:1-26 Eliphaz's Accusation and Counsel 4:1-5:27 Job's Protest and Despair 6:1-7:21 Bildad's Assertion of Retributive Justice 8:1-22 Job on God's Sovereignty and His Complaint 9:1-10:22 Zophar's Rebuke and Call to Repentance 11:1-20 Job on God's Power and Human Mortality 12:1-14:22 Eliphaz Reproves Job and Defends Retribution 15:1-35 Job's Lament and Plea for a Mediator 16:1-17:16 Bildad's Description of the Wicked's Doom 18:1-21 Job's Lament, Isolation, and Declaration of Hope 19:1-29 Zophar on the Swift Punishment of the Wicked 20:1-29 Job Challenges Retribution Theology 21:1-34 Eliphaz Accuses Job and Urges Repentance 22:1-30 Job Seeks God and Laments Injustice 23:1-24:25 Bildad on God's Majesty and Human Insignificance 25:1-6 Job's Extended Defense: God's Power and the Friends' Failings 26:1-31:40 Elihu's Intervention: Rebuke and Praise of God's Majesty 32:1-37:24 God's Response from the Whirlwind and the Wonders of Creation 38:1-41:34 Job's Confession and Repentance 42:1-6 God Rebukes the Friends and Restores Job 42:7-17

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Ecclesiastes

The Preacher’s Theme: The Vanity of Human Endeavors 1:1-11 The Search for Wisdom and Its Burden 1:12-18 Experimenting with Pleasure and Achievement 2:1-11 Wisdom, Folly, and the Inevitability of Death 2:12-16 Toil, God's Gift, and Finding Satisfaction 2:17-26 A Time for Every Season: God’s Sovereignty and Human Limits 3:1-22 Oppression, Futility, and the Strength of Companionship 4:1-12 The Rise and Decline of a Youthful Leader 4:13-16 Approach God with Reverence: Beware Rash Vows and Idle Words 5:1-7 Injustice and the Emptiness of Wealth and Desire 5:8-6:12 Proverbs on Wisdom, Patience, and Righteous Living 7:1-8:1 The Limits of Wisdom: Authority, Injustice, and Life’s Uncertainties 8:2-17 The Common Destiny of All and the Call to Enjoy Life 9:1-12 Assorted Proverbs on Wisdom, Folly, and Disorder 9:13-10:20 Cast Your Bread Upon the Waters: Counsel on Risk and Generosity 11:1-6 Enjoy Youth and Remember Your Creator: The Approach of Old Age 11:7-12:8 Epilogue: The Teacher’s Conclusion — Fear God and Keep His Commands 12:9-14

Song

Prologue: Yearning for the Beloved's Kiss 1:1-4 The Shulamite's Humble Beauty and Search 1:5-7 An Invitation to Seek the Beloved 1:8 The Beloved's Praise and Bridal Adornments 1:9-11 Sensual Invitation: Spices and Fragrance 1:12-14 Mutual Admiration: You Are Beautiful 1:15 Mutual Belonging and Sheltered Love 1:16-17 The Bride's Humble Self‑Image 2:1 The Beloved as a Nourishing Presence 2:2 Protection of Love and the Coming Spring 2:3-13 A Call to the Daughters; Guard the Love 2:14-15 Belonging, a Night Search, and the Vineyard Charge 2:16-3:11 The Beloved's Bridal Ode: A Detailed Praise 4:1-16 A Visit to the Garden and a Missed Moment 5:1 The Bride's Night Search and Distress 5:2-8 Renewed Exclamation of the Beloved's Beauty 5:9 The Beloved's Encomium: A Garden of Delight 5:10-16 The Daughters Question the Beloved's Whereabouts 6:1 Confession: My Beloved Is Splendid 6:2-3 Regal Portrait of the Bride and Daughters' Praise 6:4-9 Recognition: Who Is This Rising? 6:10 A Journey to the King's House and Adornments 6:11-7:9 Mutual Possession and an Invitation to Intimacy 7:10-8:4 The Power and Permanence of Love 8:5-7 Concerns for the Young Sister's Marriage 8:8-9 The Bride's Independence and the Vineyard Metaphor 8:10-12 A Final Invitation and the Seal of Love 8:13-14

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Lamentations

Jerusalem's Lament over Her Desolation 1:1-22 The Lord's Wrath and Zion's Destruction 2:1-22 Suffering and Hope in God's Steadfast Love 3:1-66 The Fall of Jerusalem and Widespread Famine 4:1-22 A Communal Plea for Mercy and Restoration 5:1-22

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Daniel

Daniel and His Companions in Babylon 1:1-21 Daniel Prays for the King's Dream 2:1-23 The Statue Dream: Four Kingdoms and God's Kingdom 2:24-49 Faith Tested in the Fiery Furnace 3:1-30 Nebuchadnezzar's Dream of a Great Tree 4:1-18 Daniel's Counsel: A Call to Humble Repentance 4:19-27 Nebuchadnezzar's Humbling and Restoration 4:28-37 Belshazzar and the Writing on the Wall 5:1-31 Daniel in the Lions' Den 6:1-28 Vision of Four Beasts and the Son of Man 7:1-14 Interpretation: The Little Horn and Final Deliverance 7:15-28 Vision of the Ram and Goat and the Little Horn 8:1-14 Gabriel Explains the Vision to Daniel 8:15-27 Daniel's Prayer for Jerusalem 9:1-19 The Seventy Weeks Prophecy 9:20-27 A Heavenly Vision and Spiritual Conflict 10:1-11:1 Kings of the North and South: Wars and Persecution 11:2-35 The Willful King and His Doom 11:36-45 The Time of the End: Deliverance and Resurrection 12:1-13

Hosea

Hosea's Marriage and Symbolic Children 1:1-2:1 Israel Accused and Promised Restoration 2:2-23 Hosea Redeems His Unfaithful Wife 3:1-5 Israel's Corruption and Priestly Failure 4:1-19 Judgment on Leaders and Nation 5:1-15 Call to Repentance and Persistent Rebellion 6:1-7:16 Idolatry and Its Consequences 8:1-14 Exile Foretold and Judgment on Leaders 9:1-10:15 God's Compassion for Israel 11:1-11 Ephraim's Deceit and Call to Return 11:12-12:14 Ephraim's Destruction for Idolatry 13:1-16 Repentance and Promise of Restoration 14:1-9

Joel

The Locust Plague Devastates the Land 1:1-12 A Call to Lamentation and Fasting 1:13-20 The Alarm: The Day of the Lord Approaches 2:1-11 A Call to National Repentance 2:12-17 God's Promise to Restore the Harvest 2:18-27 The Outpouring of the Spirit and the Day of the Lord 2:28-32 The Judgment of the Nations in the Valley of Decision 3:1-16 Zion Restored and the Renewal of the Land 3:17-21

Amos

Judgment on the Nations and Judah 1:1-2:5 Israel Condemned for Social Injustice and Violence 2:6-16 Covenant Accountability and Certain Judgment 3:1-15 Ignored Warnings and Impending Judgment 4:1-13 A Lament and Call to Seek Justice 5:1-17 The Day of the Lord Is Darkness and Exile Foretold 5:18-27 Condemnation of the Complacent Elite 6:1-7 Judgment and National Downfall 6:8-14 Visions of Locusts, Fire, and the Plumb Line 7:1-9 Amos Confronts Amaziah; Judgment on the King's House 7:10-17 The End Has Come: Economic Oppression and Spiritual Famine 8:1-14 The Lord's Inescapable Judgment on Israel 9:1-10 Restoration: The Booth of David and Renewal of the Land 9:11-15

Obadiah

Oracle Against Edom: Judgment and Israel’s Restoration 1:1-21

Jonah

Jonah's Flight, the Storm, and the Great Fish 1:1-17 Jonah's Prayer from the Fish's Belly and Deliverance 2:1-10 Jonah Preaches in Nineveh; The City Repents 3:1-10 Jonah's Anger and God's Lesson of Compassion 4:1-11

Micah

The Lord Announces Judgment on Samaria 1:1-7 Lament Over the Desolation of Judah's Towns 1:8-16 Condemnation of Oppressors Who Covet Land 2:1-5 Rebuke of False Prophets and Complacent People 2:6-11 The Gathering of Jacob's Remnant 2:12-13 Condemnation of Corrupt Leaders and Prophets 3:1-12 The Mountain of the Lord and the Return of the Remnant 4:1-13 The Coming Shepherd from Bethlehem 5:1-5 Deliverance from Assyria and Judgment on Nations 5:6-15 God's Lawsuit and What the Lord Requires 6:1-8 Punishment for Social and Religious Corruption 6:9-16 A Prophet's Lament and Trust in God 7:1-7 Vindication and the Restoration of the Remnant 7:8-13 A Prayer for Restoration and God's Forgiving Mercy 7:14-20

Nahum

The Lord’s Judgment on Nineveh and Comfort for Judah 1:1-15 The Siege and Fall of Nineveh 2:1-13 Nineveh’s Wickedness and Doom 3:1-19

Habakkuk

The Prophet's Cry for Justice 1:1-4 God's Answer: Judgment by the Chaldeans 1:5-11 Questioning God's Justice and Watching for a Reply 1:12-2:1 The Written Vision, 'The Righteous Live by Faith,' and Woes on the Proud 2:2-20 A Prayer of Remembrance and Faithful Trust 3:1-19

Zephaniah

Superscription and Universal Judgment 1:1-3 Judgment on Judah and Jerusalem for Corruption 1:4-13 The Imminent Day of the Lord and Call to Repentance 1:14-2:3 Judgment on the Philistines and Promise to the Remnant 2:4-7 Condemnation of Moab and Ammon; Yahweh's Sovereignty Over the Nations 2:8-11 Judgment on Cush (Ethiopia) 2:12 The Fall of Nineveh and the Desolation of Assyria 2:13-15 Jerusalem's Guilt, Purification, and Promised Restoration 3:1-20

Haggai

The Call to Rebuild the Temple 1:1-15 Encouragement and Promise of the Temple's Glory 2:1-9 Cleansing, Holiness, and the Lord's Blessing 2:10-19 Zerubbabel Appointed as God's Signet 2:20-23

Zechariah

Call to Repentance and the Vision of Horsemen 1:1-17 The Horns and the Craftsmen: Judgment and Restoration 1:18-21 The Measuring Line and the Promise for Jerusalem 2:1-13 The Cleansing of Joshua the High Priest and the Promised Branch 3:1-10 The Lampstand, the Olive Trees, and Zerubbabel's Task 4:1-14 The Flying Scroll: Curse on Theft and Falsehood 5:1-4 The Basket and the Removal of Wickedness 5:5-11 The Four Chariots: God's Judgments Abroad 6:1-8 A Crown for the Priest and the Coming Branch 6:9-15 The Question of Fasting and a Call to Justice 7:1-14 Promises of Restoration and a Joyful Jerusalem 8:1-23 Oracle Concerning the Land of Hadrach 9:1 Judgment on Tyre and the Coastal Nations 9:2-8 The Coming Humble King and Israel's Return 9:9-13 The Lord's Triumph and Blessings on Zion 9:14-17 God's Power to Restore Israel and Judgment on Its Enemies 10:1-11:3 The Shepherd, the Two Staffs, and Israel's Rejection 11:4-17 Oracle Concerning Israel 12:1 God Will Defend Jerusalem Against the Nations 12:2-9 Mourning for the Pierced One and National Repentance 12:10-14 A Fountain of Cleansing and the End of False Prophets 13:1-6 The Struck Shepherd and the Purified Remnant 13:7-9 The Day of the Lord: Victory, Restoration, and Universal Worship 14:1-21

Malachi

God's Love for Jacob and Judgment on Edom 1:1-5 Priests Rebuked for Polluting the Offerings 1:6-14 Priests Condemned for Violating the Covenant 2:1-9 Faithlessness and Violation of the Marriage Covenant 2:10-16 Accusing God and the Coming Purifier 2:17-3:5 The Tithe Test and God's Promise to the Faithful 3:6-18 The Day of Judgment and the Coming of Elijah 4:1-6

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

1 Corinthians

Paul's Greeting and Thanksgiving for God's Faithfulness 1:1-9 Appeal for Unity in the Church 1:10-17 The Wisdom of the Cross versus Worldly Wisdom 1:18-2:5 Spiritual Wisdom and the Mind of Christ 2:6-16 Spiritual Immaturity, Ministry, and God's Building 3:1-23 Paul's Ministry and the Lord's Authority 4:1-21 Church Discipline for Immorality 5:1-13 Do Not Litigate among Believers; Lives Transformed 6:1-11 The Body as Temple: Flee Sexual Immorality 6:12-20 Marriage, Singleness, and Conjugal Duties 7:1-40 Christian Liberty and the Weak Conscience 8:1-13 Paul's Rights, Mission Strategy, and Self‑Discipline 9:1-27 Warnings from Israel's Example: Avoid Idolatry and Temptation 10:1-13 Warning against Idolatry and Shared Participation 10:14-22 Christian Liberty for Edification; Imitate Christ 10:23-11:1 Headship and Head Coverings in Worship 11:2-16 Correction of Abuses at the Lord's Supper 11:17-34 Spiritual Gifts and the Church as One Body 12:1-31 The Supremacy of Love 13:1-13 Prophecy, Tongues, and Edifying Worship 14:1-25 Guidelines for Orderly Worship 14:26-40 The Gospel of Christ's Resurrection and Paul's Witness 15:1-11 The Necessity and Implications of the Resurrection 15:12-34 The Resurrection Body and Victory over Death 15:35-58 Collection for the Jerusalem Saints 16:1-4 Paul's Travel Plans and Commendations 16:5-18 Final Greetings, Exhortations, and Benediction 16:19-24

2 Corinthians

God's Comfort and Deliverance in Affliction 1:1-11 Paul's Defense of His Integrity and Concern 1:12-2:4 Forgiveness and Restoration of the Offender 2:5-11 Paul's Apostolic Authority and Ministry by the Spirit 2:12-3:6 From the Veil to the Glory: The Ministry of the Spirit 3:7-18 Treasure in Jars of Clay: Perseverance in Ministry 4:1-18 Our Eternal Dwelling and Accountability to Christ 5:1-10 The Ministry of Reconciliation and the Call to Receive Grace 5:11-6:2 Paul's Hardships and Open Hearts 6:3-13 Do Not Be Unequally Yoked: A Call to Holiness 6:14-7:1 Godly Sorrow and Joy over Their Repentance 7:2-16 The Example and Principle of Generous Giving 8:1-15 Delegation and Preparation for the Relief Collection 8:16-9:5 Cheerful Giving and God's Abundant Provision 9:6-15 Paul's Apostolic Authority and Spiritual Warfare 10:1-18 Paul's Jealousy for Christ and the Deception of False Apostles 11:1-15 Paul's Hardships as Apostolic Credentials 11:16-33 Paul's Revelations and the Thorn: Strength in Weakness 12:1-10 Paul's Concern for Corinth and Warning of Discipline 12:11-21 Final Admonition: Test Yourselves and Repent 13:1-10 Final Greetings and Benediction 13:11-14

Galatians

Paul's Greeting and Defense of the Gospel 1:1-10 Paul's Divine Call and Conversion 1:11-24 Paul and the Jerusalem Apostles Confirm the Gospel 2:1-10 Paul Rebukes Peter; Justification by Faith 2:11-21 Faith in Christ, Not the Law 3:1-14 The Law's Temporary Role and the Promise 3:15-25 Adoption as God's Children through Faith 3:26-4:7 Paul's Personal Appeal and Warning 4:8-20 Hagar and Sarah: Two Covenants Allegory 4:21-31 Freedom in Christ and Warning against Legalism 5:1-15 Live by the Spirit and Bear Its Fruit 5:16-26 Restore the Fallen and Sow to the Spirit 6:1-10 Final Appeal and Boast in the Cross 6:11-18

Ephesians

Spiritual Blessings in Christ 1:1-14 Prayer for Wisdom and Christ's Exaltation 1:15-23 From Death to Life by Grace 2:1-10 One New Humanity: Reconciliation in Christ 2:11-22 The Mystery Revealed: Paul's Ministry to the Gentiles 3:1-13 Prayer for Strength and Knowledge of Christ's Love 3:14-21 Unity and Maturity in the Body of Christ 4:1-16 Living as a New Creation: Ethical Exhortations 4:17-5:21 Marriage: Christ and the Church 5:22-33 Children and Parents: Duties in the Home 6:1-4 Servants and Masters: Mutual Duties 6:5-9 Spiritual Warfare: The Armor of God 6:10-20 Final Greetings and Benediction 6:21-24

Philippians

Paul's Greeting and Prayer for the Church 1:1-11 The Gospel Advances Despite Paul's Imprisonment 1:12-30 Christ's Humility and Exaltation 2:1-11 Work Out Your Salvation and Shine as Lights 2:12-18 Timothy and Epaphroditus: Examples of Faithful Service 2:19-30 No Confidence in the Flesh; Righteousness in Christ 3:1-11 Pressing Toward the Heavenly Goal; Stand Firm 3:12-4:1 Unity, Rejoicing, Prayer, and Right Thinking 4:2-9 Paul's Thanks for Support and God's Provision 4:10-20 Final Greetings and Benediction 4:21-23

Colossians

Greeting, Thanksgiving, and Prayer for Spiritual Strength 1:1-14 The Supremacy of Christ and Reconciliation 1:15-23 Paul’s Suffering and the Mystery of Christ for the Church 1:24-2:5 Fullness in Christ and Warnings against Human Traditions 2:6-23 Seek the Things Above and Put on the New Self 3:1-17 Instructions for Christian Households 3:18-4:1 Devote Yourselves to Prayer; Wise and Gracious Conduct 4:2-6 Final Greetings and Personal Commendations 4:7-18

1 Thessalonians

Thanksgiving for Their Faith and Witness 1:1-10 Paul's Integrity in Ministry and the Church's Persecution 2:1-16 Paul's Longing, Timothy's Mission, and Concern for the Church 2:17-3:5 Timothy's Encouraging Report and Paul's Prayer for Strength and Love 3:6-13 Instructions for Holy Living: Purity, Love, and Work 4:1-12 The Coming of the Lord: Hope for the Dead and Call to Watchfulness 4:13-5:11 Final Exhortations on Church Life and Closing Benediction 5:12-28

2 Thessalonians

Perseverance in Persecution and God's Righteous Judgment 1:1-12 The Man of Lawlessness and the Day of the Lord 2:1-12 God's Calling, Sanctification, and Encouragement to Stand Firm 2:13-17 Prayers for the Gospel and the Lord's Strength 3:1-5 Discipline for the Idle and the Call to Work 3:6-15 The Lord of Peace and Paul's Final Greeting 3:16-18

1 Timothy

Paul's Greeting and the Purpose of the Law Against False Teaching 1:1-11 Paul's Testimony and the Reproof of Apostates 1:12-20 Prayers for All and Conduct in Worship 2:1-15 Qualifications for Church Leaders and the Mystery of Godliness 3:1-16 Warning Against False Teaching and Exhortation to Godly Living 4:1-16 Honor and Care: Elders, Widows, and Community Conduct 5:1-6:2 Rejecting False Teaching and the Dangers of Loving Money 6:3-10 Charge to Timothy: Pursue Godliness and Guard the Faith 6:11-21

2 Timothy

Be Strong in Grace and Guard the Gospel 1:1-2:13 Rightly Handling the Message and Gentle Correction 2:14-26 Perilous Times and the Rise of False Teachers 3:1-9 Paul's Example, the Authority of Scripture, and the Charge to Preach 3:10-4:8 Personal Commendations, Desertion, and Divine Deliverance 4:9-18 Final Greetings and a Benediction 4:19-22

Titus

Qualifications for Elders and Rebuke of False Teachers 1:1-16 Exhortations to Godly Living and Sound Doctrine 2:1-15 Good Works, Salvation by God's Mercy, and Warnings Against Division 3:1-11 Personal Instructions, Final Requests, and Closing Greetings 3:12-15

Philemon

Greeting and Thanksgiving for Philemon's Faith and Love 1:1-7 Paul's Appeal for Onesimus' Acceptance and Reconciliation 1:8-25

Hebrews

The Supremacy of the Son 1:1-14 Warning Against Neglecting Salvation 2:1-4 The Incarnate Son and the Salvation of Humanity 2:5-18 Christ Superior to Moses 3:1-6 Warning from Israel’s Example: Beware Unbelief 3:7-19 God’s Rest and the Danger of Unbelief 4:1-13 Jesus the Great High Priest 4:14-5:10 Warning Against Spiritual Immaturity 5:11-6:12 God’s Oath and Our Hope, the Anchor of the Soul 6:13-20 Melchizedek and Abraham’s Tithe 7:1-10 The Superior Priesthood of Christ after Melchizedek 7:11-28 The New Covenant and Christ’s Heavenly Ministry 8:1-13 The Earthly Tabernacle and Its Rituals 9:1-10 Christ’s Once-for-All Sacrifice in the Heavenly Sanctuary 9:11-28 Christ’s Perfect Sacrifice and Call to Persevere 10:1-39 The Hall of Faith: Heroes of Faith 11:1-40 Run with Endurance: God’s Disciplining Love 12:1-13 Pursue Holiness: Fearful Judgment and the Heavenly Zion 12:14-29 Final Exhortations and Benediction 13:1-25

James

Trials, Wisdom, and the Source of Good Gifts 1:1-18 Hearing, Doing, and Pure Religion 1:19-27 Impartiality and the Royal Law 2:1-13 Faith and Works: Living Faith 2:14-26 The Power and Danger of the Tongue 3:1-12 Earthly Wisdom versus Heavenly Wisdom 3:13-18 Quarrels, Covetousness, and Humility 4:1-12 Boasting About Tomorrow 4:13-17 A Warning to Wealthy Oppressors 5:1-6 Patience in Suffering and the Lord’s Coming 5:7-12 Prayer, Healing, and Restoring the Erring 5:13-20

1 Peter

A Living Hope and the Certainty of Salvation 1:1-12 Called to Holiness and Spiritual Growth 1:13-2:3 Christ the Living Stone and a Chosen People 2:4-12 Submission to Authorities and Christ’s Example in Suffering 2:13-25 Wives and Husbands: Mutual Honor and Conduct 3:1-7 Suffering for Righteousness, Christ’s Victory, and Baptism 3:8-22 Living for God: Love, Service, and Stewardship of Gifts 4:1-11 Persevering in Suffering and Entrusting Oneself to God 4:12-19 Shepherding the Flock, Humility, and Standing Firm 5:1-11 Conclusion: Final Exhortation and Greetings 5:12-14

2 Peter

Pursue Christian Virtue and Assured Calling 1:1-11 Eyewitness Testimony and the Truth of Prophecy 1:12-21 The Danger and Judgment of False Teachers 2:1-22 The Day of the Lord and Call to Godly Living 3:1-18

1 John

The Word of Life and Fellowship 1:1-4 Life in the Light: Sin, Forgiveness, and Love 1:5-2:14 Warning Against Loving the World 2:15-17 Antichrists and the Anointing of Truth 2:18-27 Abiding in Christ: Children of God and Righteous Living 2:28-3:10 The Command to Love: Evidence of True Faith 3:11-24 Testing Spirits: Confess Christ and Reject Deception 4:1-6 God Is Love: The Source and Command of Love 4:7-21 Faith in the Son of God: Overcoming and Eternal Life 5:1-12 Assurance of Eternal Life and Warnings Against Sin 5:13-21

2 John

Truth and Love; Warning Against Deceivers 1:1-13

3 John

John's Commendation of Gaius and Rebuke of Diotrephes 1:1-15

Jude

Appeal to Defend the Faith and Condemnation of False Teachers 1:1-16 Exhortations to Persevere, Pray, and Show Mercy 1:17-23 Doxology: God’s Power to Preserve 1:24-25

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And the three men ceased to answer Job, for he was righteous in his own eyes.

Job.32.1 - Details

Original Text

וישבתו שלשת האנשים האלה מענות את־ איוב כי הוא צדיק בעיניו׃

Morphology

  • וישבתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • מענות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בעיניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Proverbs 21:2 (verbal): Uses the same idiom of being ‘right/in his own eyes’ (self-justification); contrasts human self-assessment with God's judgment.
  • Proverbs 30:12 (verbal): Another proverb employing the formula ‘pure/right in his own eyes,’ highlighting self-deception and the motif of self‑righteousness.
  • Isaiah 5:21 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of those ‘wise/righteous in their own eyes’—a moral critique of pride and self‑righteous judgment similar to Job’s situation.
  • Luke 18:11–14 (thematic): The Pharisee’s self‑justifying prayer (‘I thank you that I am not like other men’) exemplifies New Testament portrayal of personal self‑righteousness contrasted with true humility.
  • 1 Corinthians 4:4 (thematic): Paul’s remark that he is ‘conscious of nothing against myself’ yet judged by the Lord reflects the tension between a person’s self‑assessment and God’s verdict, echoing the problem in Job 32:1.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
  • And the three men ceased to answer Job, for he was righteous in his own eyes.
2 Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, burned with anger against Job; his anger burned because he justified himself rather than God.

Job.32.2 - Details

Original Text

ויחר אף ׀ אליהוא בן־ ברכאל הבוזי ממשפחת רם באיוב חרה אפו על־ צדקו נפשו מאלהים׃

Morphology

  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • אליהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברכאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבוזי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ממשפחת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
  • רם: ADJ,m,sg
  • באיוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • על: PREP
  • צדקו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Luke 18:9-14 (thematic): Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector condemns self-justification before God; contrasts proud self-righteousness with humble dependence — a thematic echo of Elihu’s anger at Job for justifying himself rather than God.
  • Romans 10:3 (thematic): Paul rebukes those who 'being ignorant of God's righteousness, sought to establish their own' — similar charge that one sets up self-justification in place of submitting to God’s justice.
  • Proverbs 30:12 (verbal): 'There are those clean in their own eyes, and yet not washed of their filth' uses language of being 'clean' or 'justified in one’s own eyes,' a verbal parallel to Job’s self-justification that provokes Elihu’s anger.
  • Isaiah 5:21 (thematic): 'Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes' pronounces judgment on self-confidence and self-justification, thematically resonant with Elihu’s rebuke of Job for justifying himself rather than God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, burned with anger at Job, because he justified himself rather than God.
  • Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, burned with indignation at Job; his anger burned because Job justified himself rather than God.
3 Also his three friends were angry with him because they had found no answer and they condemned Job.

Job.32.3 - Details

Original Text

ובשלשת רעיו חרה אפו על אשר לא־ מצאו מענה וירשיעו את־ איוב׃

Morphology

  • ובשלשת: CONJ+PREP
  • רעיו: NOUN,3,m,pl,abs
  • חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • על: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • מצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וירשיעו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 42:7-8 (structural): God himself later rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar for not speaking rightly about Him and for condemning Job — echoing Elihu’s anger that the three friends could not answer and had judged Job.
  • Job 16:2 (verbal): Job calls his friends 'miserable comforters,' criticizing their failure to answer or console him — a direct thematic parallel to the complaint that the three could not find an answer and condemned Job.
  • Proverbs 18:13 (thematic): The proverb warns against answering before listening — a general principle that parallels the critique of the friends for pronouncing judgment without adequate understanding or response.
  • Deuteronomy 1:17 (thematic): The law commands impartial hearing and warns judges not to show partiality or condemn prematurely — thematically related to the rebuke that the three friends judged Job without a proper answer.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Also his three friends were angry with him, because they could find no answer and yet condemned Job.
  • And he was angry with the three friends because they had found no answer, and yet condemned Job.
4 Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job, because they were elders than he.

Job.32.4 - Details

Original Text

ואליהו חכה את־ איוב בדברים כי זקנים־ המה ממנו לימים׃

Morphology

  • ואליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • חכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בדברים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • זקנים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Leviticus 19:32 (thematic): Commands deference to the aged—'rise before the gray head'—paralleling Elihu's initial restraint from speaking because the elders were older than he.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): Contrasts the glory of youth with the splendor of old age (gray hair); echoes the cultural regard for elders that caused Elihu to wait.
  • Joel 2:28 (allusion): God pours out his Spirit so that young men prophesy—parallels Elihu's later claim that a spirit moved him to speak despite his youth and initial deference to elders.
  • 1 Timothy 4:12 (thematic): Paul's admonition that no one despise a young man for his youth resonates with Elihu's situation: a younger speaker who must assert his message after initially deferring to older men.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because they were elder than he in days.
  • Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job, because they were older than he in years.
5 But when Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouths of the three men, his wrath was kindled.

Job.32.5 - Details

Original Text

וירא אליהוא כי אין מענה בפי שלשת האנשים ויחר אפו׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • מענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms

Parallels

  • Job 32:2-4 (structural): Immediate context: explains why Elihu intervenes—he sees the three friends have ceased answering Job and is provoked to speak (sets up 32:5).
  • Job 32:8-10 (thematic): Elihu’s stated motive for breaking the silence: he claims the spirit of God within him compels speech when others fail—ties to his anger at the friends' lack of an adequate answer.
  • Exodus 32:19 (verbal): Moses 'saw' the people's idolatry and 'his anger was kindled'—same Hebrew idiom for anger being kindled on seeing a failure or offense, a parallel in phrasing and reaction.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (thematic): 'Even a fool, when he holds his peace, is counted wise'—contrasts the value of silence and the problem of inadequate answers; helps explain the significance of the three men's silence that provokes Elihu to speak.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouths of the three men; his anger was kindled.
  • And Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men; and his wrath was kindled.
6 And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, "I am young in days, and you are aged; therefore I was fearful and afraid to declare my knowledge to you.

Job.32.6 - Details

Original Text

ויען ׀ אליהוא בן־ ברכאל הבוזי ויאמר צעיר אני לימים ואתם ישישים על־ כן זחלתי ואירא ׀ מחות דעי אתכם׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברכאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבוזי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • צעיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • לימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
  • ישישים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • זחלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • ואירא: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,sg
  • מחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • דעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Leviticus 19:32 (thematic): Commands deference to the aged ('rise up before the gray head'), explaining the social/religious norm behind Elihu's initial hesitation to speak to older men.
  • 1 Timothy 4:12 (thematic): Paul's exhortation to not let anyone despise your youth echoes the tension here: Elihu is young and feels constrained, while the New Testament affirms the legitimacy of a younger person's witness.
  • 1 Kings 12:6-8 (structural): King Rehoboam's consultation of Solomon's elders (and their counsel) highlights the institutional weight given to elder advice and the expected deference of younger persons—the social dynamic Elihu invokes.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): ‘The glory of young men is their strength; the beauty of old men is the gray head’ frames the complementary roles of youth and age, illuminating Elihu’s self-presentation as young before venerable elders.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, "I am young in days, and you are old; therefore I was timid and afraid to declare my opinion to you.
  • And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said: "I am young in days, and you are old; therefore I was timid and afraid to declare my knowledge to you.
7 I said, ‘Days should speak, and many years should teach wisdom.’"

Job.32.7 - Details

Original Text

אמרתי ימים ידברו ורב שנים ידיעו חכמה׃

Morphology

  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ידברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ידיעו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 12:12 (verbal): Closely parallels language and idea—wisdom/understanding is associated with the aged and with length of days (very similar Hebrew phrasing).
  • Psalm 90:12 (verbal): Both link 'days'/'numbering of days' with acquiring wisdom—prayer that awareness of days yield a wise heart echoes 'days should speak...years teach wisdom.'
  • Proverbs 16:31 (thematic): Affirms the value and honor of old age (gray hair) as associated with wisdom and righteousness—shared esteem for age as a source of insight.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): Contrasts youth and strength with the honor of old age; like Job 32:7 it presents age as a marker of status and wisdom across life stages.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I said, 'Days should speak, and many years should teach wisdom.'
  • I said, 'Let days speak, and many years teach wisdom.'
8 But truly the spirit is in man, and the breath of the Almighty gives them understanding.

Job.32.8 - Details

Original Text

אכן רוח־ היא באנוש ונשמת שדי תבינם׃

Morphology

  • אכן: ADV
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • באנוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונשמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cst
  • שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תבינם: VERB,hiph,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Job 33:4 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel — 'The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life,' echoing divine 'breath'/'spirit' as source of life and understanding.
  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): God breathing into man 'the breath of life' parallels the idea that the divine breath/spirit is the animating, understanding principle in humans.
  • Proverbs 20:27 (thematic): 'The spirit of man is the lamp of the LORD' connects to Job's claim that the spirit (from God) enables insight or understanding within a person.
  • 1 Corinthians 2:11 (thematic): Paul's observation that a person's spirit knows their thoughts parallels Job's notion that the spirit in a person (from God) is the seat of understanding.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): 'The spirit returns to God who gave it' echoes the doctrine of the human spirit as originating with and related to the Almighty, as in Job 32:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But it is the spirit in man, the breath of the Almighty, that gives them understanding.
  • But there is a spirit in men, and the breath of the Almighty gives them understanding.
9 It is not the aged who are always wise, nor the old who always understand justice.

Job.32.9 - Details

Original Text

לא־ רבים יחכמו וזקנים יבינו משפט׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • יחכמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וזקנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יבינו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Timothy 4:12 (thematic): Paul admonishes that youth should not be despised but can set an example—echoes Elihu’s claim that age alone does not determine wisdom or authority.
  • 1 Kings 12:6-11 (structural): Rehoboam rejects the elders’ counsel and follows the advice of young men, illustrating that elders’ age does not guarantee wise judgment and that younger voices can carry decisive influence.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): Contrasts the glory of young men (strength) with the honor of old men (gray hair); implicitly qualifies assumptions that age automatically equals greater wisdom—resonant with Job’s assertion.
  • Proverbs 1:5 (thematic): ‘Let the wise hear and increase in learning’ stresses that wisdom requires continued learning and receptivity, not merely advanced years—supporting the idea that many elders may lack true understanding.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Not for the many are wisdom, nor does the aged always understand justice.
  • It is not the great that are always wise, nor do the aged always understand justice.
10 Therefore I said, ‘Listen to me, I also will declare my knowledge.’

Job.32.10 - Details

Original Text

לכן אמרתי שמעה־ לי אחוה דעי אף־ אני׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אחוה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • דעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • אני: PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:6 (structural): Immediate context: Elihu has held back because he is younger; 32:10 marks his change from silence to a formal call to speak to the elders.
  • Job 32:8 (verbal): Close verbal/thematic link: Elihu appeals to the spirit in man that gives understanding, supporting his claim in 32:10 to 'declare my knowledge.'
  • Proverbs 1:20-21 (thematic): Wisdom publicly cries out, calling people to listen — parallels Elihu’s imperative that the elders hear his instruction and insight.
  • Isaiah 1:18 (thematic): ‘Come now, let us reason together’—an inviting summons to hear and engage in discourse, similar to Elihu’s call for the elders to listen to his account.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore I say, 'Hear me, you who know; even I will declare my opinion.'
  • Therefore hear me, you men—give ear to my words; I also will declare my knowledge.
11 Behold, I waited for your words, I listened for your reasons, while you searched out what to say.

Job.32.11 - Details

Original Text

הן הוחלתי לדבריכם אזין עד־ תבונתיכם עד־ תחקרון מלין׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • הוחלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • לדבריכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+2mp
  • אזין: VERB,qal,impf,1,,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • תבונתיכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2mp
  • עד: PREP
  • תחקרון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 18:13 (thematic): Warns against answering before hearing; parallels Elihu's emphasis on waiting and listening to others' words and reasoning.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:1-2 (thematic): Admonishes being quick to hear and slow to speak (especially before God); resonates with the value placed on attentive listening in Job 32:11.
  • Isaiah 50:4 (verbal): Uses the motif of an awakened ear given to hear; echoes the imagery of attentive listening and receptivity to speech found in Job 32:11.
  • Job 34:32 (structural): Elihu again calls for his hearers' attention (’hear my words’/’listen’); a parallel speech-act within the same speaker's discourse, linking his earlier patient listening to his later demand to be heard.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, I waited for your words; I listened for your reasons, until you searched out what to say.
  • Behold, I waited for your words; I listened for your reasonings, while you searched what to answer.
12 And behold, there was no answer for Job from you; you could not refute his words.

Job.32.12 - Details

Original Text

ועדיכם אתבונן והנה אין לאיוב מוכיח עונה אמריו מכם׃

Morphology

  • ועדיכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,suff,2,pl
  • אתבונן: VERB,hitpael,impf,1,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • אין: PART,neg
  • לאיוב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • מוכיח: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
  • עונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אמריו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • מכם: PREP,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 32:2 (structural): Describes the immediate context: Job's three friends cease to answer him, creating the silence and failure to refute Job that prompts Elihu to say 'I will answer you.'
  • Job 38:1-3 (thematic): After prolonged debate and relative silence on the crucial point, God finally 'answers' Job out of the whirlwind—parallels the motif of someone at last giving the decisive reply to Job's situation.
  • Jeremiah 1:6-7 (thematic): Jeremiah protests his youth but is commissioned to speak nevertheless; parallels Elihu's role as a younger man who takes up the task of addressing the elders and answering the debate.
  • 1 Samuel 17:32-33 (thematic): David volunteers to confront Goliath when others are unwilling—a similar motif of a younger person stepping forward to act or speak decisively where elders or peers have been silent or fearful.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And yet there is no one to answer Job, and his words remain unrefuted by you.
  • Yea, I gave you audience; and behold, there was no one that answered, and there was no one that returned a word to Job out of your company.
13 Lest you say, ‘We have found wisdom; let God defeat him, not man.’"

Job.32.13 - Details

Original Text

פן־ תאמרו מצאנו חכמה אל ידפנו לא־ איש׃

Morphology

  • פן: CONJ
  • תאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • מצאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ידפנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 26:12 (verbal): Both condemn self‑assured human wisdom—'a man who is wise in his own eyes' parallels Job 32:13's critique of those who claim 'we have found wisdom.'
  • Isaiah 5:21 (verbal): Isaiah's 'Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes' echoes Elihu's rebuke of presumptuous, self‑confident wisdom in Job 32:13.
  • Romans 1:22 (verbal): Paul's 'claiming to be wise, they became fools' reflects the New Testament assessment that asserted human wisdom can be folly, paralleling Elihu's challenge to Job's friends.
  • Jeremiah 9:23 (thematic): Jeremiah warns against boasting in wisdom rather than in knowing the LORD; thematically connects to Job 32:13's rejection of proud claims to wisdom apart from God's authority.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Lest you say, 'We have found wisdom; God will overthrow him, not a man.'
  • Lest you say, 'We have found wisdom; God may take him, not a man.'
14 They did not value me, nor would they reply to my words.

Job.32.14 - Details

Original Text

ולא־ ערך אלי מלין ובאמריכם לא אשיבנו׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • ערך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ובאמריכם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אשיבנו: VERB,hiph,imf,1,m,sg,suf:3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:2-3 (structural): Immediate context: Elihu explains that Job’s three friends had ceased to answer him—sets up Elihu’s remark that he will not answer with their words.
  • Proverbs 26:4 (verbal): 'Answer not a fool according to his folly'—a similar principle of refusing to reply in the same (foolish) terms or manner.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (thematic): 'Even a fool, when he holds his peace, is counted wise'—themes of silence and withholding an answer rather than engaging on unsuitable terms.
  • 1 Corinthians 2:1-5; 2:13 (thematic): Paul contrasts human words/wisdom with speaking by the Spirit—parallels Elihu’s rejection of answering on the friends’ human terms and his appeal to a different authority for speech.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And you have not answered me, and you were ashamed to speak; you have left off replying.
  • And now, hear me, and I will speak; I will not show partiality to any man, nor flatter any flesh.
15 Their words failed; they answered no more; the talk was ended.

Job.32.15 - Details

Original Text

חתו לא־ ענו עוד העתיקו מהם מלים׃

Morphology

  • חתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ענו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • העתיקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • מלים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Mark 15:5 (verbal): Jesus 'answered him nothing' before his accusers—direct verbal parallel to speakers ceasing to answer.
  • Isaiah 53:7 (thematic): The suffering servant 'opened not his mouth'—themewise silence in the face of accusation or argument.
  • Psalm 39:9 (thematic): The psalmist declares he is 'dumb' and opens not his mouth—another instance of ceasing to speak as a response.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:7 (structural): Proclaims 'a time to keep silence, and a time to speak,' framing silence as an appropriate rhetorical/ethical response.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (thematic): Notes that keeping silent can be wise ('even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise'), linking silence to prudence in discourse.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They ceased and answered no more; they left off speaking.
  • They ceased not from foolishness; they answered no more; left off speaking.
16 And I also will answer my part; I too will declare my knowledge.

Job.32.16 - Details

Original Text

והוחלתי כי־ לא ידברו כי עמדו לא־ ענו עוד׃

Morphology

  • והוחלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • עמדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ענו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • עוד: ADV

Parallels

  • Job 32:9 (structural): Same speech by Elihu—he explains why he restrained himself earlier out of deference to the elders, providing the immediate context for his waiting and their silence.
  • Job 32:17 (structural): Immediate continuation of Elihu's remark; after waiting in silence he describes his inner distress and the need to speak, showing the movement from silence to utterance.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (thematic): Proverb that values silence—'Even a fool is counted wise when he holds his peace'—parallels the theme of refraining from speech and the significance of silence in discourse.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:7 (thematic): Speaks of 'a time to keep silence, and a time to speak,' echoing the idea that silence can be appropriate and that there are moments when one must wait before speaking.
  • Proverbs 10:19 (thematic): Warns that excessive words lead to sin, while restraint is wise; thematically related to Elihu's initial waiting because others would not respond and the prudence of silence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I also will answer my part; I, too, will declare my opinion.
  • When I saw that there was no answer, my spirit within me constrained me.
17 For truly my words are full; the spirit within me compels me.

Job.32.17 - Details

Original Text

אענה אף־ אני חלקי אחוה דעי אף־ אני׃

Morphology

  • אענה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • חלקי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • אחוה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,m,sg
  • דעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • אני: PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 12:3 (verbal): Job asserts the same point of parity in understanding — “I have understanding as well as you” — echoing Elihu’s claim, 'I also am one of understanding.'
  • Proverbs 15:28 (thematic): Speaks to the principle of thoughtful answering: 'The heart of the righteous studieth to answer,' paralleling Elihu’s announcement that he will answer because he has understanding.
  • Psalm 49:3 (thematic): The psalmist declares that his mouth will speak wisdom and his heart ponder understanding, thematically mirroring Elihu’s claim to speak as one who understands.
  • Jeremiah 1:6–7 (allusion): Jeremiah’s protest 'I cannot speak; I am a child' and the divine commissioning contrast with Elihu’s defense of speaking despite youth — both passages treat the tension between age and the right/call to speak.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For I am full of words, and the spirit within me constrains me.
  • I will answer also my part, I also will declare my knowledge.
18 Behold, my inward parts are like wine that has no vent, like new wineskins ready to burst.

Job.32.18 - Details

Original Text

כי מלתי מלים הציקתני רוח בטני׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • מלתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • מלים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • הציקתני: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בטני: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,poss1s

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 20:9 (verbal): Jeremiah describes an inner compulsion — 'a burning fire shut up in my bones' so he cannot hold back speaking — closely parallels Job/Elihu's language of the spirit in his belly forcing him to speak.
  • 2 Samuel 23:2 (verbal): David states 'the Spirit of the LORD speaks by me, and his word is on my tongue,' echoing the idea that an inward spirit prompts and frames the speaker's words.
  • Acts 4:20 (thematic): The apostles declare 'we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard,' reflecting the same irresistible obligation to speak that Job/Elihu asserts.
  • Numbers 11:25 (allusion): When the Spirit rests on the seventy elders and they prophesy, it links the phenomenon of divine/spiritual inspiration as the source of spoken utterance, paralleling Elihu's claim that the spirit within compels speech.
  • Ezekiel 2:7 (structural): Ezekiel is commissioned to 'speak my words' to a refractory people despite their reception, paralleling the structural situation of being driven/appointed to speak forth a message.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, my inward parts are like wine that has no vent; like new wineskins ready to burst.
  • For my belly is like wine which hath no vent, it is ready to burst like new bottles.
19 I will speak that I may open my lips; I will answer and show my knowledge.

Job.32.19 - Details

Original Text

הנה־ בטני כיין לא־ יפתח כאבות חדשים יבקע׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • בטני: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,poss1s
  • כיין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יפתח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כאבות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יבקע: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:20 (structural): Immediate continuation in Elihu’s speech—he says he will speak because he can no longer hold it in, echoing the image of the belly like wine ready to burst.
  • Matthew 9:17 (verbal): Uses the image of new wine and (wineskins) bottles that would burst—same metaphor of fermenting wine causing vessels to burst, applied to receptivity for new teaching.
  • Mark 2:22 (verbal): Parallel synoptic wording about putting new wine into new wineskins; shares the lexical and conceptual motif of wine expanding and bursting containers.
  • Luke 5:37-38 (verbal): Contains the fuller saying about new wine and wineskins (old being torn, new preserved), parallel to Job’s imagery of wine/bottles ready to burst and the pressure of what is held in.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will speak, that I may be refreshed; I will open my lips and answer.
  • I will speak, that I may open my lips; I will utter words in right order.
20 I will not show partiality to any man, nor will I flatter any person.

Job.32.20 - Details

Original Text

אדברה וירוח־ לי אפתח שפתי ואענה׃

Morphology

  • אדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • וירוח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אפתח: VERB,qal,imf,1,sg
  • שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • ואענה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:21-22 (structural): Immediate continuation of Elihu’s speech: he declares he will not show partiality or flatter, explaining the sincerity behind his opening of lips and answering (same speech unit and intent).
  • Psalm 51:15 (verbal): Uses the formula “Open my lips” (פִּתְחָה שְׂפָתַי) — a closely parallel verbal motif about opening the mouth to speak/pray.
  • Isaiah 50:4 (thematic): Speaks of God giving the prophet “the tongue of the learned” to speak timely words — parallels the theme of being enabled to speak rightly and answer.
  • Proverbs 31:26 (verbal): “She opens her mouth with wisdom” parallels the image of opening one’s lips to speak truth and instruction, aligning with Elihu’s claim to answer (contrast with flattery).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let me not regard a man in that he is old, nor esteem any flesh for his size.
  • Behold, my lips shall not speak wickedness, nor my tongue utter deceit.
21 For I do not know how to flatter, else my Maker would soon take me away.

Job.32.21 - Details

Original Text

אל־ נא אשא פני־ איש ואל־ אדם לא אכנה׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • נא: PART
  • אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אכנה: VERB,qal,impf,1,NA,sg

Parallels

  • Leviticus 19:15 (structural): Commands impartiality in judgment—'do not be partial to the poor or defer to the great'—parallels Elihu's refusal to show favoritism.
  • Deuteronomy 16:19 (verbal): Explicit prohibition, 'You shall not show partiality,' echoing Job 32:21's refusal to favor any person.
  • Job 34:19 (thematic): Elihu (speaking of God) declares God shows no partiality; parallels the ethical ideal of impartiality stated in Job 32:21.
  • James 2:1 (thematic): New Testament admonition against showing partiality in the Christian community—reflects the same moral concern as Job 32:21.
  • Proverbs 26:28 (thematic): Speaks of flattering speech as harmful—parallels the second clause of Job 32:21's refusal to flatter anyone.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For I do not know how to flatter; otherwise my Maker would soon take me away.
  • Let not my person be set before him; neither let me give flattering titles to man.
22 But I will speak, that I may find relief; I will open my lips and answer.

Job.32.22 - Details

Original Text

כי לא ידעתי אכנה כמעט ישאני עשני׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • אכנה: ADV
  • כמעט: ADV
  • ישאני: PRON,1,sg
  • עשני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:6 (structural): Same speech-cycle (Elihu) and immediately connected statement: Elihu explains his youth and why he had previously restrained himself — the same theme of being young and withholding words.
  • 1 Timothy 4:12 (thematic): Paul tells Timothy not to let anyone despise his youth and to set an example in speech — parallels the issue of a younger speaker being judged or holding back because of age.
  • Ecclesiastes 11:9 (thematic): Addresses the reality and brevity of youth (“rejoice, O young man… remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth”), echoing concerns about days of life and the special status of youth implicit in Job’s remark.
  • Proverbs 30:2–3 (verbal): An explicit admission of limited understanding (“I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man”) parallels the candid ‘I do not know’ stance expressed in Job 32:22.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): Contrasts the strengths of youth and the honor of old age (“The glory of young men is their strength; the beauty of old men is the gray head”), reflecting the age-related tension behind Elihu’s comment about being young.

Alternative generated candidates

  • May my Maker forbid that I should do so; for I would then falsely prop myself up.
  • For I know not to flatter; else should my Maker soon take me away.
1 But now, Job, hear my words; heed all my sayings.

Job.33.1 - Details

Original Text

ואולם שמע־ נא איוב מלי וכל־ דברי האזינה׃

Morphology

  • ואולם: CONJ
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מלי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+1cs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • האזינה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Job 21:2 (verbal): Job pleads 'Hear diligently my speech'—both verses open with a direct imperative to listen to the speaker's words within the Joban dialogue.
  • Job 34:2 (structural): Another opening from Elihu ('Hear my words, O ye wise men')—a similar speech-introduction and summons to attention within Elihu's discourses.
  • Deuteronomy 6:4 (thematic): The formulaic imperative 'Hear' addressing an audience (Hear, O Israel) parallels the rhetorical move of summoning listeners to receive instruction or truth.
  • Proverbs 4:1 (thematic): Wisdom literature frequently begins with 'Hear' (e.g., 'Hear, O children, the instruction of a father'), reflecting the same pedagogical exhortation to attend to spoken teaching.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But now, Job, hear my speech; listen to all my words.
  • But now, hear, Job, my words, and give ear to all my speech.
2 Behold, I open my mouth; my tongue speaks in my palate.

Job.33.2 - Details

Original Text

הנה־ נא פתחתי פי דברה לשוני בחכי׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • נא: PART
  • פתחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • דברה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לשוני: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
  • בחכי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,pss1

Parallels

  • Job 32:17-18 (structural): Same speaker (Elihu) introduces his speech—declaring he will answer and that he is full of words, a close structural parallel to ‘I open my mouth; my tongue speaks.’
  • Psalm 51:15 (verbal): ‘O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise.’ Uses the imagery of opened lips/mouth to begin speech, echoing the expression of opening the mouth to speak.
  • Psalm 19:14 (thematic): ‘Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart…’—focus on the utterance of the mouth and the moral/reflective quality of speech, thematically related to making a verbal declaration.
  • Proverbs 18:21 (thematic): ‘Death and life are in the power of the tongue’—highlights the significance and responsibility of speaking, resonating with the deliberate act of opening one’s mouth to speak in Job 33:2.
  • James 3:5-6 (thematic): Discusses the tongue’s disproportionate power and consequences—a New Testament parallel on the weight and danger/importance of what the mouth utters, thematically linked to the decision to speak.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, I open my mouth; my tongue speaks in my palate.
  • Behold, I open my mouth; my tongue in the roof of my mouth shall speak.
3 The uprightness of my heart shall be my speech, and the pure knowledge of my lips shall be my answer.

Job.33.3 - Details

Original Text

ישר־ לבי אמרי ודעת שפתי ברור מללו׃

Morphology

  • ישר: ADJ,m,sg
  • לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • אמרי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • ודעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • ברור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מללו: NOUN,m,sg,3ms,abs

Parallels

  • Job 27:4 (verbal): Within Job the speaker insists his lips will not speak wickedness or deceit—directly parallel in theme and wording to claiming upright words and truthful lips.
  • Psalm 19:14 (thematic): Both verses couple 'words of my mouth' with the inner life of the heart/mind; Psalm 19 is a prayer that the speaker's words and heart-thoughts be acceptable/true, echoing Job's pairing of heart-knowledge and clear lips.
  • Isaiah 50:4 (allusion): Isaiah speaks of the Lord giving 'the tongue of the learned' and knowledge to speak rightly; this links divine/true knowledge with clear, timely speech similar to Job's claim of heart-knowledge manifest in his lips.
  • Proverbs 15:2 (verbal): Proverbs pairs 'tongue' or 'mouth' with 'knowledge'—'the tongue of the wise uses knowledge'—echoing Job's statement that the knowledge of his heart is clear on his lips (knowledge expressed in speech).

Alternative generated candidates

  • The meditation of my heart is of understanding; my lips will utter knowledge clearly.
  • The uprightness of my heart shall declare my knowledge, and the good doctrine of my lips shall be clear.
4 The Spirit of God made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.

Job.33.4 - Details

Original Text

רוח־ אל עשתני ונשמת שדי תחיני׃

Morphology

  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • עשתני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ונשמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cst
  • שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תחיני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): God forms man from the dust and breathes into his nostrils, giving life—direct verbal/thematic echo of God’s spirit/breath animating the person.
  • Job 32:8 (verbal): Uses the same language—'the spirit in man, the breath of the Almighty'—linking divine spirit/breath with human life and understanding.
  • Psalm 104:30 (verbal): 'When you send forth your Spirit, they are created'—portrays God's Spirit/breath as the creative and life-giving force.
  • Isaiah 42:5 (verbal): Describes the LORD as creator 'who gives breath to the people on it and spirit to those who walk in it,' paralleling God as giver of breath/spirit and life.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): 'The dust returns... and the spirit returns to God who gave it'—thematic parallel emphasizing that life/spirit originate with God and are returned to him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The Spirit of God has made me; the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
  • The Spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty giveth me life.
5 If you can, answer me; set your words in order before me and stand up.

Job.33.5 - Details

Original Text

אם־ תוכל השיבני ערכה לפני התיצבה׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • תוכל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • השיבני: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,sg
  • ערכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
  • לפני: PREP
  • התיצבה: VERB,hitp,perf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Job 38:3 (structural): God’s challenge to Job—'gird up thy loins... I will demand of thee, and answer thou me'—parallels the summons to present and argue one’s case before a judge.
  • Isaiah 1:18 (thematic): 'Come now, and let us reason together' expresses the same invitational move to debate and settle a dispute before God.
  • Isaiah 41:21-22 (verbal): The LORD invites opponents to 'present your case' and bring forward evidence—language very close to asking one to set forth their argument.
  • Isaiah 43:26 (thematic): 'Put me in remembrance; let us plead together' likewise frames a call to plead one's cause and be justified through a formal contest of claims.
  • Micah 6:2 (structural): 'Arise, contend thou before the mountains...' summons a public pleading, echoing the demand that one stand up and state their case.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If you can, answer me; set your case in order before you stand.
  • Answer me, if thou canst; set thy words in order before me, and stand up.
6 Behold, I am as you before God; I too was formed from clay.

Job.33.6 - Details

Original Text

הן־ אני כפיך לאל מחמר קרצתי גם־ אני׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • כפיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מחמר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קרצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • גם: ADV
  • אני: PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): Both verses use the imagery of human formation from earth/clay—Genesis describes God forming man from the dust of the ground, echoed by Job's claim to have been 'molded from clay.'
  • Genesis 3:19 (verbal): The declaration 'for dust you are and to dust you shall return' parallels Job's acknowledgment of human origin in dust/clay and human frailty.
  • Isaiah 64:8 (thematic): Isaiah's 'we are the clay, you are our potter' thematically parallels Job's clay imagery, emphasizing human dependence on divine shaping and contingency.
  • Jeremiah 18:6 (allusion): Jeremiah's potter-and-clay image ('like clay in the potter's hand') is a close analogue to Job's motif of being formed from clay, implying submissive human status before divine authority.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, I am as your servant before you; I was once formed from clay.
  • Behold, I am even as thou art before God; I also am formed out of the clay.
7 Behold, no excellency of mine would refute you, nor would I be bold to press you with my hand.

Job.33.7 - Details

Original Text

הנה אמתי לא תבעתך ואכפי עליך לא־ יכבד׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • אמתי: ADV
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תבעתך: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ואכפי: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יכבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Matthew 11:28-30 (thematic): Jesus' assurance that his yoke is easy and burden light parallels the idea that the speaker's (or God's) dealing will not be oppressive or unbearably heavy.
  • Isaiah 40:11 (thematic): God as gentle shepherd who tends and gathers his flock—emphasizes care and a non‑oppressive hand, resonating with the verse's contrast to a heavy or harsh treatment.
  • Psalm 103:13-14 (thematic): God's compassion because he knows we are dust underscores the theme of humane, not crushing, treatment of frail humans, echoing the verse's refusal to impose a heavy hand.
  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): The language of being formed from the dust/clay connects with passages that highlight human creatureliness and vulnerability, a motif often used to explain why divine/human dealings should be tempered.
  • Job 10:9 (verbal): Job's own recognition that he was fashioned from the clay/dust parallels the theme of human frailty and is often cited where speakers temper rebuke with an awareness of human weakness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, you have no cause to fear me; I will not be heavy upon you with my hand.
  • Behold, my terror shall not make thee afraid, neither shall my hand be heavy upon thee.
8 But you have said in my hearing, and I have heard the sound of your words:

Job.33.8 - Details

Original Text

אך אמרת באזני וקול מלין אשמע׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • וקול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אשמע: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 3:10 (verbal): Samuel: “Speak; for thy servant heareth.” Both verses use the language of hearing to express readiness to receive a spoken message (divine or adjudicative).
  • James 1:19 (thematic): “Be swift to hear, slow to speak…” Highlights the ethical priority of listening before speaking—the central dynamic in Job/Elihu’s appeal about hearing and replying.
  • Proverbs 18:13 (thematic): “He who answers a matter before he hears it...” Warns against speaking without properly hearing—relevant to the disputants in Job who claim to have heard yet may answer prematurely.
  • Isaiah 30:10 (allusion): People demand pleasant words from prophets (“Prophesy not unto us right things, speak unto us smooth things”). Connects to the contested role of hearing and the shaping of spoken messages in prophetic/judicial settings, echoing Job’s rhetorical focus on what is heard and said.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Only you have said in my hearing, and I have heard the sound of your words:
  • Surely thou hast spoken in my hearing, and I have heard the sound of thy words.
9 ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am clean and free from sin.’"

Job.33.9 - Details

Original Text

זך אני בלי פשע חף אנכי ולא עון לי׃

Morphology

  • זך: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • בלי: PREP
  • פשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • עון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 20:9 (verbal): Expresses the rhetorical claim of personal purity—'Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?'—closely paralleling Job's declaration of being without transgression.
  • Job 27:5-6 (thematic): Job insists on his own integrity and refuses to admit wickedness ('till I die I will not remove mine integrity'), echoing the theme of asserting innocence found in 33:9.
  • Psalm 26:1 (thematic): The psalmist appeals to God to judge him because he has walked in integrity ('I have walked in mine integrity'), resonating with the claim of blamelessness in Job 33:9.
  • Acts 24:16 (structural): Paul summarizes his aim to maintain a conscience void of offense toward God and men—an ethical stance of personal innocence comparable to Job's assertion.
  • Luke 1:6 (thematic): Zechariah and Elizabeth are described as 'righteous before God, walking in all the commandments blameless,' a parallel portrayal of personal righteousness and freedom from blame akin to Job's statement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • "I am pure, without transgression; I am clean, and there is no iniquity in me."
  • Thou sayest, 'I am clean, without transgression; I am innocent, neither is there iniquity in me.'
10 Yet truly He finds occasions against me, He counts me as His enemy.

Job.33.10 - Details

Original Text

הן תנואות עלי ימצא יחשבני לאויב לו׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • תנואות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ימצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יחשבני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,sg
  • לאויב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 16:7-11 (thematic): Job depicts God as treating him like an adversary who sharpens his arrows and counts him for a target—parallels the theme of being regarded as an enemy by God or others.
  • Job 13:24-27 (verbal): Job appeals that his persecutors mark him and count him guilty; both passages foreground the experience of being charged, scrutinized, and treated as an opponent.
  • Psalm 35:11-19 (thematic): The psalmist describes false witnesses and hostile foes who count him an enemy and rejoice over his suffering—echoing the motif of wrongful accusation and enmity.
  • Isaiah 63:10 (verbal): Israel's rebellion 'grieved' God so that He 'was turned to be their enemy,' a close verbal/thematic parallel to the idea of being counted or treated as an enemy by the divine.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he finds occasions against me, he counts me as his enemy;
  • Behold, he findeth occasions against me, he counteth me for his enemy;
11 He puts my feet in the stocks and watches all my paths.

Job.33.11 - Details

Original Text

ישם בסד רגלי ישמר כל־ ארחתי׃

Morphology

  • ישם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בסד: PREP
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • ישמר: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • ארחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 34:21 (verbal): Directly parallels the idea that God watches human ways—'his eyes are upon the ways of man, and he sees all his goings,' echoing the surveillance of one's paths in Job 33:11.
  • Job 23:10 (thematic): Shared theme of divine involvement in a man's path and the refining/testing purpose of that oversight: 'He knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold.'
  • Psalm 139:3 (verbal): Expresses the same knowledge of and intimate acquaintance with a person's walks—'You discern my going out and my lying down; you are familiar with all my ways.'
  • Psalm 34:15 (thematic): Affirms God's attentive care and watchfulness over the righteous: 'The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous,' resonating with the motif of God watching one's paths.

Alternative generated candidates

  • he puts my feet in stocks and watches all my paths.
  • He putteth my feet in the stocks, he marketh all my paths.
12 Behold, this is not a righteous thing; shall one who contends with God be justified?

Job.33.12 - Details

Original Text

הן־ זאת לא־ צדקת אענך כי־ ירבה אלוה מאנוש׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • צדקת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • אענך: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • ירבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאנוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 9:32-33 (verbal): Both passages contrast God and man in a judicial/answering context; Job 9:32-33 declares that God is not a man and there is no arbiter between them, echoing the claim that God is greater than man.
  • Isaiah 40:12,25-26 (thematic): Isaiah emphasizes God's incomparable greatness through rhetorical questions and images (Who measured the waters? To whom will you liken God?), paralleling the theme that God far surpasses human beings.
  • Romans 9:20-21 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical rebuke—'Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?'—echoes Job's recognition of human limitations before divine sovereignty and the impropriety of contesting God's ways.
  • Psalm 145:3 (thematic): This psalmic affirmation that 'Great is the LORD; his greatness is unsearchable' resonates with Job's assertion that God is greater than man, underscoring divine transcendence over human understanding.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, in this you are not right; I will answer you, for God is greater than man.
  • Behold, in this thou art not just; I will answer thee, for God is greater than man.
13 Why should one contend with the Almighty? For He does not give an account of any of His matters.

Job.33.13 - Details

Original Text

מדוע אליו ריבות כי כל־ דבריו לא־ יענה׃

Morphology

  • מדוע: ADV
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ריבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • דבריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3m
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:2 (verbal): Directly parallels the theme of contending with God — a challenge about arguing with the Almighty and expecting an answer.
  • Job 23:3-4 (thematic): Job expresses the desire to present his case before God because God seems unresponsive — echoes the concern that God 'does not answer' human words.
  • Habakkuk 1:2 (thematic): The prophet laments God’s apparent silence ('How long... will you not hear?'), reflecting the same problem of unanswered complaint.
  • Psalm 22:1 (thematic): A cry of abandonment ('My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?') that captures the experience of feeling God does not answer.
  • Isaiah 45:15 (allusion): Speaks of God as one who 'hides himself,' thematically linked to divine hiddenness and lack of direct answer.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why do you contend against him? For he does not give account of any of his matters.
  • Why dost thou strive against him? for he giveth not account of any of his matters.
14 For God speaks once, or twice, though men do not perceive it.

Job.33.14 - Details

Original Text

כי־ באחת ידבר־ אל ובשתים לא ישורנה׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • באחת: PREP
  • ידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ובשתים: CONJ+PREP+NUM,card,f,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישורנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms,sg,3fs

Parallels

  • Psalm 62:11 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: 'Once God has spoken; twice have I heard this' — affirms the motif of God speaking once or twice.
  • Numbers 12:6 (verbal): Speaks of God making Himself known in visions and dreams ('I will make myself known to him in a vision, and will speak to him in a dream'), paralleling Job 33:14–15's claim that God speaks in night visions/dreams.
  • Hebrews 1:1 (thematic): Summarizes the OT idea that God has spoken in various ways and at various times to the fathers through the prophets, echoing Job's claim about multiple modes of divine speech.
  • 2 Peter 1:21 (thematic): Explains prophetic speech as originating from God rather than human will ('men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit'), resonating with Job's theme that God himself communicates to humans.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For God speaks once, and twice, yet man does not perceive it.
  • For God speaketh once, yea twice, yet man perceiveth it not.
15 In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumberings on the bed;

Job.33.15 - Details

Original Text

בחלום ׀ חזיון לילה בנפל תרדמה על־ אנשים בתנומות עלי משכב׃

Morphology

  • בחלום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חזיון: NOUN,prop,sg,m
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בנפל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תרדמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בתנומות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • משכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 12:6 (verbal): Uses nearly identical idea of God making himself known in visions and speaking in dreams—explicit OT formulation of divine communication through nocturnal visions.
  • Daniel 7:1 (verbal): Daniel reports having a dream and visions at night while on his bed, echoing the language and setting of nocturnal revelation found in Job 33:15.
  • Genesis 41:1 (structural): Pharaoh’s troubling dreams occur at night and function as divine revelation; parallels Job’s motif of God communicating truth through dreams and night-visions.
  • Joel 2:28 (thematic): Prophetic promise that God will pour out his Spirit and give dreams and visions—thematically links dreams/visions as means of divine disclosure across Israel’s prophetic tradition.
  • Acts 2:17 (quotation): Peter cites Joel’s words about dreams and visions on Pentecost; New Testament attestation that dreams/visions are recognized means of God’s self-revelation, resonating with Job’s claim.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumberings upon the bed,
  • In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth upon men, in slumberings upon the bed;
16 then He opens the ear of men and seals their instruction,

Job.33.16 - Details

Original Text

אז יגלה אזן אנשים ובמסרם יחתם׃

Morphology

  • אז: ADV
  • יגלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אזן: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ובמסרם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • יחתם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Numbers 12:6 (allusion): Speaks of God communicating through visions and dreams to his servants—parallels Elihu’s claim that God opens ears and warns by dreams.
  • Isaiah 50:5 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of God opening the ear ("the Lord God hath opened mine ear"), echoing the idea of divine revelation/enabling to hear.
  • Isaiah 8:16 (verbal): Commands to "bind up the testimony, seal the law"—parallels Job’s language of God "sealing" instruction or message.
  • Joel 2:28 (thematic): Declares that God will pour out spirit and people will prophesy, dream dreams and see visions—similar theme of God speaking in dreams/visions to reveal instruction.
  • Acts 2:17 (allusion): Peter’s citation of Joel about sons and daughters dreaming dreams and visions—an NT echo of the prophetic/dream motif that Job attributes to God’s ways of opening ears and conveying instruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • then he opens the ears of men and seals instruction upon them.
  • Then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth instruction upon their lips;
17 to turn a man aside from his deed, and to conceal pride from a man.

Job.33.17 - Details

Original Text

להסיר אדם מעשה וגוה מגבר יכסה׃

Morphology

  • להסיר: VERB,hiph,inf
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וגוה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מגבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יכסה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 16:18 (thematic): Both verses treat pride as a condition that must be checked—Job speaks of God hiding or removing a man's pride; Proverbs warns that pride precedes ruin, linking the need to humble the proud.
  • James 4:6 (thematic): Echoes the motif that God opposes the proud and acts to humble or withhold favor from those who are arrogant—paralleling Job’s idea of God removing or hiding a man's proud inclination.
  • 1 Peter 5:5 (allusion): New Testament echo of the same ethical-theological principle: God gives grace to the humble and resists the proud, corresponding to Job’s depiction of God turning men aside from pride.
  • 1 Samuel 2:7-8 (thematic): This passage portrays Yahweh as one who brings low and exalts, overturning human status—parallel to Job’s image of God removing a man’s proud act or covering his loftiness.
  • Psalm 75:6-7 (structural): Psalmist warns against self-exaltation and affirms that God, not human ambition, decides elevation or humiliation—resonant with Job 33:17’s concern that God curbs human pride and redirects human course.

Alternative generated candidates

  • That he may withdraw man from his deed, and conceal pride from a man.
  • To withdraw man from his purpose, and hide pride from man.
18 He keeps back his soul from the Pit and his life from perishing by the sword.

Job.33.18 - Details

Original Text

יחשך נפשו מני־ שחת וחיתו מעבר בשלח׃

Morphology

  • יחשך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • וחיתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בשלח: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 30:3 (thematic): Both speak of God rescuing a person from Sheol/the pit and restoring life—’you brought up my soul from Sheol’ echoes the rescue from death in Job 33:18.
  • Psalm 103:4 (verbal): Uses similar wording about redeeming life from destruction/the pit (מִשַּׁחַת), paralleling Job’s language of keeping the soul back from ruin.
  • Jonah 2:6 (verbal): Jonah says God ‘brought up my life from corruption/the pit,’ directly paralleling the imagery of deliverance from the pit in Job 33:18.
  • Isaiah 38:17 (thematic): Hezekiah’s thanksgiving language — God recovered my life from the pit — parallels the theme of God averting death and restoring life found in Job 33:18.
  • Psalm 116:8 (thematic): ‘You have delivered my soul from death’ parallels Job’s claim that the soul is kept back from destruction, emphasizing divine rescue from death.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He keeps back his soul from the pit, and his life from perishing by the sword.
  • He keepeth back his soul from the pit, and his life from perishing by the sword.
19 He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones is troubled.

Job.33.19 - Details

Original Text

והוכח במכאוב על־ משכבו ורוב עצמיו אתן׃

Morphology

  • והוכח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • במכאוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • משכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • ורוב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עצמיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 33:24-25 (structural): Immediate continuation of Elihu's point: after chastening in bed God may restore and 'deliver him from going down to the pit,' with language of renewed flesh and ransom closely tied to v.19's motif of pain on the bed.
  • Isaiah 38:16-17 (verbal): Hezekiah describes illness and recovery—'delivered my soul from the pit' and being restored to life—which echoes the themes and some wording of chastening on the bed followed by deliverance.
  • Psalm 41:3 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD strengthening one 'upon the bed of languishing' and caring for him in sickness, paralleling the image of suffering on the bed as divine chastening or trial.
  • Psalm 38:3-5 (thematic): Describes bodily affliction and shattered bones as the result of divine anger/chastening, thematically parallel to v.19's depiction of pain and bodily distress on the bed.
  • Proverbs 3:11-12 (thematic): Frames suffering as the LORD's loving discipline—'whom the LORD loves he corrects'—providing the theological framework for interpreting painful bed-sickness as corrective chastening, as in Job 33:19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain;
  • He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain;
20 So that his life abhors bread, and his soul dainty food.

Job.33.20 - Details

Original Text

וזהמתו חיתו לחם ונפשו מאכל תאוה׃

Morphology

  • וזהמתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3ms
  • חיתו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונפשו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • מאכל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תאוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 6:7 (thematic): Speaks of human toil feeding the mouth yet the appetite is never satisfied—parallels Job’s language about the soul’s craving for food (נפשו מאכל תאוה) and insatiable desire.
  • Proverbs 27:7 (verbal): Uses נפש (soul) and appetite imagery—“The full soul loathes a honeycomb; to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet”—echoing the connection between soul and desire for food.
  • Psalm 78:18–19 (allusion): Describes the people’s craving for meat as a testing/temptation of God—links communal food-desire (תאוה) with spiritual and physical consequence, resonant with Job’s depiction of voracious appetite.
  • Philippians 3:19 (thematic): Paul’s characterization of those whose ‘god is their belly’ highlights the spiritual danger of lives governed by appetite, paralleling Job’s concern with the soul consumed by desire for food.

Alternative generated candidates

  • so that his life loathes bread, and his soul dainty food.
  • So that his life abhorreth bread, and his soul dainty meat.
21 His flesh wastes away that it cannot be seen, and his bones which were not seen stick out.

Job.33.21 - Details

Original Text

יכל בשרו מראי ושפו עצמותיו לא ראו׃

Morphology

  • יכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מראי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ושפו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • עצמותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 37:1–7 (thematic): The valley of dry bones: bones are exposed and lack flesh—an image of a body wasted to the point that flesh is gone, paralleling Job's description of flesh consumed and bones visible.
  • Psalm 38:3 (verbal): Uses similar language about the body: “There is no soundness in my flesh… neither is there any rest in my bones,” directly echoing the motif of flesh failing and bones suffering.
  • Psalm 22:15 (thematic): Describes the body wasting and drying up (“my strength is dried up like a potsherd… thou hast brought me into the dust of death”), paralleling the physical depletion and exposure of bones in Job 33:21.
  • Isaiah 40:6–7 (thematic): All flesh is transient—“All flesh is grass… the grass withereth, the flower fadeth”—a thematic parallel concerning the frailty and wasting away of the human body.

Alternative generated candidates

  • His flesh is consumed away, that it cannot be seen; and his bones that were not seen stick out.
  • His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; and his bones that were not seen stick out.
22 So his soul draws near to the Pit, and his life to those who bring death.

Job.33.22 - Details

Original Text

ותקרב לשחת נפשו וחיתו לממתים׃

Morphology

  • ותקרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לשחת: VERB,qal,inf
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וחיתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • לממתים: PREP+PART,hiph,ptc,masc,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 88:3-4 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and imagery: the psalmist says his soul is full of troubles and his life draws near to the grave/Sheol, echoing Job's depiction of approaching death.
  • Psalm 116:3 (thematic): Speaks of the 'sorrows of death' and being encompassed by death's pains — similar theme of life beset by death and the nearness of Sheol.
  • Job 10:21-22 (structural): Within Job itself: the speaker pictures going to 'the land of darkness and the shadow of death,' a parallel presentation of life drawing near to Sheol.
  • Isaiah 38:10 (verbal): Hezekiah's lament uses the image of going to the 'gates of the grave'/'Sheol' as his days are cut off, language closely related to the idea of life approaching death.
  • Jonah 2:6 (thematic): Jonah describes going 'down to the bottoms of the mountains' and being brought up 'from corruption' — thematically connected as a reversal of the soul's nearness to death (approach to Sheol and deliverance from it).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Thus his soul draws near to the grave, and his life to those who bring death.
  • Yea, his soul draweth near unto the grave, and his life to the destroyers.
23 If there be upon him an angel, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to show a man his uprightness,

Job.33.23 - Details

Original Text

אם־ יש עליו ׀ מלאך מליץ אחד מני־ אלף להגיד לאדם ישרו׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מליץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • להגיד: INF,hiph
  • לאדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 9:33 (verbal): Expresses the same problem and hope for a mediator — 'daysman'/'mediator' between God and man — directly paralleling the idea of an interceding advocate in Job 33:23.
  • Job 16:19 (verbal): Speaks of a heavenly witness/vindicator ('my witness is in heaven, he that vouches for me is on high'), echoing the notion of a heavenly advocate who can declare a man's case.
  • 1 Timothy 2:5 (thematic): Declares there is one mediator between God and men (Christ Jesus), paralleling Job's concern with an intermediary who can reconcile or plead on behalf of a human.
  • 1 John 2:1 (thematic): Calls Jesus 'an advocate' (paraklētos) with the Father for sinners, thematically matching Job 33:23's concept of an intercessor who speaks for a person.
  • Hebrews 7:25 (thematic): Affirms that Christ 'always lives to make intercession' for believers, resonating with Job's picture of a continual heavenly intercessor who presents a man's case.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If there be a messenger for a man, one among a thousand, to declare unto man his uprightness,
  • If there be a messenger with him, one among a thousand, to show unto man his uprightness;
24 then God is gracious to him and says, ‘Deliver him from going down to the Pit; I have found a ransom.’

Job.33.24 - Details

Original Text

ויחננו ויאמר פדעהו מרדת שחת מצאתי כפר׃

Morphology

  • ויחננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פדעהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מרדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מצאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • כפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 49:15 (verbal): Both speak of God redeeming/ransoming the soul from Sheol/the pit ('redeem... from the power of Sheol'), directly paralleling Job's 'I have found a ransom' and deliverance from descent to the pit.
  • Psalm 103:4 (verbal): Uses the same idea and verb of divine rescue ('who redeems your life from the pit/destruction'), linking God's gracious intervention and ransom/atonement language found in Job 33:24.
  • Hosea 13:14 (thematic): Speaks of ransoming/raising from the power of Sheol ('I will ransom them from the power of Sheol'), echoing Job's motif of a found ransom that spares descent into the pit.
  • Isaiah 35:10 (thematic): Refers to 'the ransomed of the LORD' returning with joy; thematically parallels Job's concept of divine ransom/rescue that restores the afflicted to life and blessing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • then he is gracious unto him, and says, 'Deliver him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom.'
  • Then he is gracious unto him, and saith, 'Deliver him, that he go not down into the pit: I have found a ransom.'
25 His flesh shall be fresher than a child’s; he shall return to the days of his youth.

Job.33.25 - Details

Original Text

רטפש בשרו מנער ישוב לימי עלומיו׃

Morphology

  • רטפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מנער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • עלומיו: NOUN,m,sg,const

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:5 (verbal): Speaks of renewal of youth — 'so that your youth is renewed' echoes Job 33:25's 'he shall return to the days of his youth' (theme and language of restored vigor).
  • Psalm 92:14 (thematic): Affirms fruitfulness and flourishing in old age ('still bear fruit... fat and flourishing'), paralleling the idea of revived strength and renewed life in Job 33:25.
  • Isaiah 40:31 (thematic): Promises renewed strength to those who wait for the LORD ('they shall renew their strength...'), thematically close to the image of bodily renewal and regained youthful vigor in Job 33:25.
  • Malachi 4:2 (thematic): Describes healing and growth ('you shall go out and leap like calves'), linking divine healing with recovered vitality similar to Job's return to youthful days.
  • Ezekiel 37:14 (allusion): God's promise to put his Spirit and bring life ('I will put my Spirit in you, and you shall live'), a broader motif of restoration from death or weakness that underlies Job 33:25's renewal imagery.

Alternative generated candidates

  • His flesh shall be fresher than a child's; he shall return to the days of his youthful strength.
  • His flesh shall be fresher than a child's: he shall return to the days of his youth.
26 He shall pray to God, and He will be favorable to him; and he shall see His face with joy; for He will restore to man his righteousness.

Job.33.26 - Details

Original Text

יעתר אל־ אלוה ׀ וירצהו וירא פניו בתרועה וישב לאנוש צדקתו׃

Morphology

  • יעתר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וירצהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
  • בתרועה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לאנוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צדקתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SFX3MS

Parallels

  • Psalm 17:15 (verbal): Uses the same imagery—'behold/see thy face in righteousness'—linking sight of God's face with righteousness and satisfaction.
  • Exodus 33:18-23 (thematic): Moses' request to 'see your glory/face' and God's granting of a mediated vision parallels the theme of divine acceptance and the blessedness of seeing God.
  • Psalm 16:11 (thematic): 'In your presence is fullness of joy' echoes the connection between being with/seen by God and experiencing joy, as in Job's 'see his face with joy.'
  • Psalm 51:12-13 (thematic): Prayer for restoration—'restore to me the joy of your salvation'—parallels the movement from petition to divine restoration and resulting joy in Job 33:26.
  • Romans 3:22-24 (thematic): Paul's teaching that righteousness is accounted to humans by God's act of justification parallels Job's language of God returning or granting righteousness to a person.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He shall pray unto God, and he will be favorable unto him; he shall see his face with joy, and he will restore to man his righteousness.
  • He shall pray unto God, and he will be favorable unto him; and he shall see his face with joy: for he will render unto man his righteousness.
27 He will sing before men and say, ‘I have sinned and perverted that which was right, and it did not profit me.’"

Job.33.27 - Details

Original Text

ישר ׀ על־ אנשים ויאמר חטאתי וישר העויתי ולא־ שוה לי׃

Morphology

  • ישר: ADJ,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חטאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • וישר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • העויתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • שוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 32:5 (verbal): Both verses record an explicit admission of sin—"I acknowledged my sin"/"I have sinned"—linking confession with recognition of wrongdoing and relief or change in status.
  • Proverbs 28:13 (thematic): Emphasizes the theme that confessing and abandoning sin leads to mercy or restoration, echoing Job 33:27's repentant admission and its role in reconciliation.
  • Psalm 51:3-4 (verbal): David's candid confession—"For I acknowledge my transgressions" and admission of injustice—parallels Job's blunt statement of having sinned and perverted what was right.
  • Luke 15:18 (thematic): The prodigal son's words, "I have sinned against heaven, and before thee," resonate thematically with Job's personal acknowledgement of sin and its fruitlessness, pointing to repentance and return.
  • Daniel 9:5 (thematic): A public/communal confession—"we have sinned, and have committed iniquity"—shares the broader motif of candid admission of guilt as the precursor to seeking God's mercy, paralleling Job's confession.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will sing unto men and say, 'I have sinned and perverted that which was right, and it profited me not.'
  • Then shall man pray unto God, and he will accept him: yea, he shall see his face with joy, and justify the upright in heart.
28 He will be delivered from going down to the Pit, and his life shall see the light.

Job.33.28 - Details

Original Text

פדה נפשו מעבר בשחת וחיתו באור תראה׃

Morphology

  • פדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בשחת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וחיתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • באור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תראה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 33:29-30 (structural): Immediate context: Elihu continues the thought, saying God acts repeatedly to turn a man back from the pit and preserve his life—an extension of the same theme of redemption from the pit.
  • Psalm 30:3 (verbal): ‘O LORD, you have brought up my soul from Sheol; you restored me to life…’ — closely parallels the language of being rescued from the pit/Sheol and seeing the light.
  • Psalm 49:15 (verbal): ‘But God will ransom my soul from the power of Sheol…’ — echoes the idea of God redeeming or ransoming the soul from death/Sheol.
  • Jonah 2:6 (verbal): Jonah’s prayer: ‘…you brought up my life from the pit, O LORD my God.’—a near-verbal parallel about being brought up from the pit of death.
  • Psalm 116:8 (thematic): ‘For you have delivered my soul from death…’ — thematically related deliverance language emphasizing rescue from death and restoration to life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will be redeemed from going down to the pit, and his life shall see the light.
  • He will deliver his soul from going into the pit, and his life shall see the light.
29 Behold, all these things God does twice, even three times, with men,

Job.33.29 - Details

Original Text

הן־ כל־ אלה יפעל־ אל פעמים שלוש עם־ גבר׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • יפעל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
  • שלוש: NUM,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop

Parallels

  • Job 33:14 (verbal): Immediate parallel in Elihu’s speech: God speaks 'once, yea twice' — same idea of God acting repeatedly toward a man.
  • Hebrews 1:1 (verbal): 'God... at sundry times and in divers manners' echoes the notion that God deals with people repeatedly and in various ways.
  • Hosea 6:2 (thematic): Uses a 'two/three' motif of divine action ('after two days... on the third day')—a related theme of God acting in repeated stages.
  • Job 36:10-15 (thematic): Elihu’s fuller description of how God afflicts, instructs, and delivers people—develops the same theme of God’s repeated dealings with mankind.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Lo, all these things God works oftentimes with men,
  • Lo, all these things work God oftentimes with man,
30 to bring back his soul from the Pit, that he may be enlightened with the light of the living.

Job.33.30 - Details

Original Text

להשיב נפשו מני־ שחת לאור באור החיים׃

Morphology

  • להשיב: VERB,qal,inf
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לאור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • באור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • החיים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • Psalm 116:8 (thematic): Both speak of God delivering the soul from death/destruction and restoring the person to life and thanks.
  • Jonah 2:6 (verbal): Uses near‑identical imagery of God bringing life up from corruption/the depths—rescue from the pit of death.
  • Isaiah 38:17 (verbal): Speaks of God delivering the soul from the pit/corruption and turning bitterness to life—language very close to Job's motif.
  • Psalm 16:10 (allusion): Affirms that God will not abandon the soul to Sheol or let it see corruption—a related theological claim about rescue from death.

Alternative generated candidates

  • to bring back his soul from the pit, to be enlightened with the light of the living.
  • To bring back his soul from the pit, to be enlightened with the light of the living.
31 Mark, Job, and listen to me; be silent, and I will speak.

Job.33.31 - Details

Original Text

הקשב איוב שמע־ לי החרש ואנכי אדבר׃

Morphology

  • הקשב: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • החרש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אדבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 33:32 (structural): Immediate continuation of Elihu's address: repeats the call to listen and invites Job to be silent so Elihu can speak—same speaker-audience imperative structure.
  • Proverbs 18:13 (thematic): Warns against answering before hearing; complements Job 33:31's injunction to listen first and be silent before the speaker replies.
  • Deuteronomy 6:4 (verbal): Both begin with the imperative 'hear' (שמע): a formulaic summons to attention that frames authoritative instruction.
  • Psalm 46:10 (allusion): Commands stillness/silence ('Be still/cease and know') before a word from the speaker/God—parallels the call to silence in order to receive instruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Attend now unto me, O Job; stand still, and consider the wondrous works of God.
  • Mark, O Job, and hear me: hold thy peace, and I will speak.
32 If there be any words, answer me; speak, for I desire to justify you.

Job.33.32 - Details

Original Text

אם־ יש־ מלין השיבני דבר כי־ חפצתי צדקך׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • השיבני: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • חפצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
  • צדקך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms

Parallels

  • Job 38:3 (verbal): God's challenge to Job—"Gird up now thy loins... answer thou me"—parallels Elihu's imperative call for a response (shared demand that the addressee speak/answer).
  • Isaiah 1:18 (thematic): An invitation to "come, let us reason together" with the aim of establishing righteousness; parallels Elihu's appeal to speak for the sake of justice/righteousness.
  • Psalm 43:1 (thematic): A petition for vindication—"Vindicate me, O God"—resonates with the concern for justification and righting of a cause implicit in Elihu's desire for righteousness.
  • Psalm 26:1 (thematic): "Vindicate me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity"—a plea for vindication on grounds of integrity, echoing the call for justice/righteous judgment found in Job 33:32.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If there be any words, answer me; speak; for I desire to justify you.
  • If there be any words with thee, answer me: speak, for I desire to justify thee.
33 If not, then hear me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.

Job.33.33 - Details

Original Text

אם־ אין אתה שמע־ לי החרש ואאלפך חכמה׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • החרש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואאלפך: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:23 (thematic): An appeal to listen to reproof and instruction so that wisdom and understanding will be given—parallels Elihu’s command to be silent and receive teaching.
  • Proverbs 9:9 (verbal): Speaks of giving instruction so the learner becomes wiser; closely echoes the promise ‘I will teach thee wisdom’ in Job 33:33.
  • Psalm 46:10 (thematic): “Be still, and know that I am God” uses silence/quiet as the posture for receiving divine knowledge—similar to the call to hold silence and be taught in Job 33:33.
  • Isaiah 30:15 (thematic): Links quietness and trust/return with strength and deliverance; like Job 33:33 it frames silence/rest as the receptive stance for God’s instruction and wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If not, hear me; hold your peace, and I will teach you wisdom.
  • If not, hear me: hold thy peace, and I shall teach thee wisdom.
1 And Elihu answered and said,

Job.34.1 - Details

Original Text

ויען אליהוא ויאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:6 (verbal): Introduction to Elihu’s speech — another occurrence of the formula announcing Elihu’s reply and marking the start of his discourse (verbal parallel to ‘Elihu answered and said’).
  • Job 33:1 (structural): Continuation of Elihu’s address — an immediate structural parallel within the Elihu speeches where the speaker’s reply is introduced in the same dialogic sequence.
  • Job 36:1 (structural): Later segment heading in Elihu’s speeches — marks another formal pivot in Elihu’s address, paralleling Job 34:1 as a speech introduction and transition within the same extended monologue.
  • Job 3:1 (thematic): General dialogic opening in Job’s speeches — an earlier instance in the book where a speaker ‘opens’ and speaks (Job’s own response), showing the recurring narrative device of formulaic speech introductions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Elihu answered and said:
  • And Elihu answered and said:
2 "Hear my words, O you wise, and give ear to me, you men of learning.

Job.34.2 - Details

Original Text

שמעו חכמים מלי וידעים האזינו לי׃

Morphology

  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • מלי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+1cs
  • וידעים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • האזינו: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:5 (verbal): Both verses address the 'wise' and call them to hear; Proverbs explicitly states that the wise will listen and increase learning, echoing Job’s summons to the knowledgeable to give ear.
  • Proverbs 4:1 (thematic): A paternal/admonitory summons to listen and gain understanding—similar rhetorical move to Job’s appeal to the wise and those who know to pay attention.
  • Proverbs 8:6 (verbal): Begins with an imperative 'Hear' and emphasizes speaking truth/valuable words; parallels Job’s opening imperative to the wise and the linking of hearing with discerning worthy speech.
  • Jeremiah 5:21 (thematic): A prophetic rebuke calling people to hear but lamenting their failure to do so; thematically parallels Job’s urgent address to those able to perceive and judge.
  • Matthew 11:15 (allusion): New Testament formula 'He who has ears to hear, let him hear' echoes the Bible’s consistent summons to attentive listening—reflects the same imperative register as Job’s call to the wise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hear my words, you wise men; and give ear to me, you who have knowledge.
  • Hear ye, O wise men; far be it from God; give ear, ye that have understanding.
3 For the ear tests words, as the palate tastes food.

Job.34.3 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אזן מלין תבחן וחך יטעם לאכל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אזן: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תבחן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • וחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יטעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לאכל: INF,qal

Parallels

  • Job 12:11 (verbal): Almost identical wording earlier in Job: the ear tests words and the mouth tastes food — a near-quotation/recurring proverb within the book.
  • Psalm 119:103 (thematic): Uses the taste-metaphor for speech: 'How sweet are your words to my taste,' linking sensory tasting to discerning/valuing words.
  • Psalm 34:8 (thematic): Invites sensory testing ('taste and see that the LORD is good'), employing the same epistemic metaphor of tasting to know/approve.
  • Proverbs 20:12 (thematic): Speaks of the hearing ear and seeing eye as divinely given faculties of perception, thematically related to the ear's role in testing words.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the ear tests words as the palate tastes food.
  • For the ear trieth words, as the palate tasteth meat.
4 Let us choose what is right; let us know among ourselves what is good.

Job.34.4 - Details

Original Text

משפט נבחרה־ לנו נדעה בינינו מה־ טוב׃

Morphology

  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נבחרה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • נדעה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,pl
  • בינינו: PREP,1,c,pl
  • מה: PRON,int
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 1:16-17 (thematic): Command to judges to hear disputes and decide righteously parallels the call to ‘choose judgment’ and discern what is good among the community.
  • Leviticus 19:15 (thematic): Law about impartial and righteous judgment echoes the ethical concern to establish right judgment and know what is good.
  • Psalm 119:66 (verbal): Prayer: “Teach me good judgment and knowledge,” closely parallels the language and intent of learning or knowing what is good.
  • Isaiah 1:17 (thematic): Imperative to ‘learn to do good; seek justice’ resonates with the exhortation to discern and choose what is good in communal judgment.
  • Romans 2:15 (allusion): Reference to conscience/testimony of the law written on hearts connects to the idea of inwardly knowing what is good when judges or the community deliberate.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let us choose for ourselves what is right; let us know among ourselves what is good.
  • Let us choose to us judgment: let us know among ourselves what is good.
5 For Job has said, ‘I am righteous, and God has taken away my right.’"

Job.34.5 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אמר איוב צדקתי ואל הסיר משפטי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • צדקתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1,sg
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • הסיר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משפטי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs

Parallels

  • Job 27:5-6 (verbal): Job elsewhere insists on his righteousness and refuses to abandon his integrity—language and stance parallel the claim “I am righteous.”
  • Job 31:6 (thematic): Job calls for God to assess and vindicate him, reflecting the same concern with his own righteousness and divine judgment/retention of his rights.
  • Psalm 26:1 (thematic): “Vindicate me, O LORD, for I have walked in my integrity” echoes the claim of righteousness and the appeal to God concerning one’s right or vindication.
  • Psalm 7:8-9 (verbal): A petition to God to judge according to the psalmist’s righteousness and integrity, closely mirroring Job’s assertion that he is righteous and the issue of divine judgment.
  • Luke 18:11-14 (thematic): The Pharisee’s self-declared righteousness (“God, I thank you that I am not like other men…”) parallels Job’s assertion of his own righteousness—both texts address claims of personal righteousness before God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For Job has said, 'I am righteous, and God has taken away my right.'
  • For Job hath said, 'I am righteous, and God hath taken away my judgment.'
6 Does Job speak without reason? Does he open his mouth without knowledge?

Job.34.6 - Details

Original Text

על־ משפטי אכזב אנוש חצי בלי־ פשע׃

Morphology

  • על: PREP
  • משפטי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • אכזב: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בלי: PREP
  • פשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 25:4-6 (verbal): Bildad’s challenge—'How then can man be righteous before God?'—directly parallels the question of human innocence and the incapacity of mortals to be free of guilt.
  • Psalm 143:2 (thematic): 'Enter not into judgment with thy servant; for in thy sight shall no man living be justified'—echoes the theme that humans cannot stand blameless before God’s judgment.
  • Ecclesiastes 7:20 (thematic): 'Surely there is not a righteous man on earth, that doeth good and sinneth not'—expresses the same conviction of universal human failing and lack of perfect innocence.
  • Isaiah 64:6 (allusion): 'All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags'—underscores human impurity and the inadequacy of human righteousness when judged by God, paralleling the claim that humans are not without guilt.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He adds, 'What does it profit me, that I am without sin? What gain do I get, that I clean my hands?'}
  • Should his words be judged because of his sons? for he hath strengthened himself against God.
7 Who is like Job, who drinks up scorn like water,

Job.34.7 - Details

Original Text

מי־ גבר כאיוב ישתה־ לעג כמים׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • כאיוב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ישתה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לעג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 22:7-8 (thematic): The psalmist describes being mocked and scorned by onlookers—’All who see me mock me’—paralleling Job’s drinking of derision like water.
  • Psalm 69:19-21 (verbal): Speaks of reproach and being given vinegar to drink in place of compassion, echoing the image of consuming mockery as if it were ordinary refreshment.
  • Isaiah 53:3 (thematic): Portrays the righteous sufferer as despised and rejected, a theme common to Job’s experience of contempt and ridicule.
  • Job 30:1 (thematic): Within Job’s own speeches he recounts being laughed at and scorned by those younger and lower in status, directly reflecting the motif of sustained mockery.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who is like Job, that drinks up scoffing like water?
  • Who is a man like Job, that drinketh up scorning as water?
8 who goes in company with workers of iniquity and walks with wicked men?

Job.34.8 - Details

Original Text

וארח לחברה עם־ פעלי און וללכת עם־ אנשי־ רשע׃

Morphology

  • וארח: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • לחברה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • פעלי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • און: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וללכת: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA
  • עם: PREP
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 1:1 (verbal): Uses the verb 'walk' with respect to association—blessed is the one who does not 'walk' in the counsel or company of the wicked, paralleling refusal to go with evildoers.
  • Psalm 26:5 (verbal): Declares hatred for the 'assembly' or 'company' of evildoers and refusal to sit with the wicked—closely echoes the idea of not joining the company of wrongdoers.
  • Proverbs 4:14-15 (thematic): Warns against entering or walking in the path of the wicked and urges avoidance of their way—theme of separating oneself from evildoers.
  • Proverbs 13:20 (thematic): Contrasts walking with the wise versus suffering from companionship with fools—highlights moral consequence of one's companions, similar to avoiding the company of the wicked.
  • 1 Corinthians 15:33 (thematic): 'Bad company ruins good morals'—a New Testament formulation of the principle that association with evildoers leads to corruption, paralleling the admonition not to go with the wicked.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He keeps company with the workers of iniquity and walks with wicked men.
  • Which goeth in company with the workers of iniquity, and walketh with wicked men.
9 For he has said, ‘It profits a man nothing that he should be righteous before God.’"

Job.34.9 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אמר לא יסכן־ גבר ברצתו עם־ אלהים׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יסכן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ברצתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PREP_b+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 4:7-8 (verbal): Eliphaz asserts a similar retribution principle—'who being innocent has perished?'—echoing the claim that the righteous are not afflicted by God.
  • Job 21:7-15 (thematic): Job challenges traditional retribution theology by observing that the wicked often prosper, addressing the same debate about whether the righteous are always spared.
  • Psalm 37:25 (verbal): David's testimony 'I have not seen the righteous forsaken' parallels the assertion that God does not abandon or punish the righteous.
  • Psalm 1:6 (thematic): Affirms the fundamental retributive contrast—'the LORD knows the way of the righteous; the way of the wicked will perish'—a theological counterpart to the claim about God's treatment of the righteous.
  • Ezekiel 18:20-24 (thematic): Develops the principle of individual justice—righteousness leads to life, wickedness to death—relating to debates about whether God punishes the righteous.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore he says, 'It profits a man nothing that he should delight himself in God.'
  • For he hath said, 'It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himself with God.'
10 Therefore, listen to me, you men of understanding: Far be it from God that He should do wickedness, and from the Almighty that He should pervert justice.

Job.34.10 - Details

Original Text

לכן ׀ אנשי לבב שמעו לי חללה לאל מרשע ושדי מעול׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • חללה: INTJ
  • לאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מרשע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • מעול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 34:12 (verbal): Immediate restatement in Elihu's speech: affirms that God 'does not pervert justice'—closely mirrors the claim that God would not act wickedly or do iniquity.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Declares God's work is perfect and without iniquity; thematically parallels the assertion that it is unthinkable for God to do wrong.
  • Psalm 145:17 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD is righteous in all his ways and faithful in all he does, echoing the claim that God would not commit wickedness.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Presents God as powerful, just, and not acquitting the wicked—connects to the theme of God's moral purity and righteous governance implied in Job 34:10.
  • Habakkuk 1:13 (allusion): Describes God as of 'purer eyes' who cannot look on evil; supports the idea that God would not engage in wickedness or injustice.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore hear me, you men of understanding: Far be it from God to do wickedness, and from the Almighty to pervert justice.
  • Therefore hear me, ye men of understanding: far be it from God that he should do wickedness; and from the Almighty that he should commit iniquity.
11 For to God belongs the reward of a man, and He will render to each according to his work.

Job.34.11 - Details

Original Text

כי פעל אדם ישלם־ לו וכארח איש ימצאנו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • פעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • וכארח: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימצאנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+OBJ,1,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 62:12 (verbal): Uses virtually the same formula — God renders to every person according to his work; a close poetic parallel affirming divine recompense.
  • Proverbs 24:12 (verbal): Asks whether God will not repay a man for his works; shares the same retributive language and legal/ethical concern with divine repayment.
  • Jeremiah 17:10 (verbal): God declares he searches hearts and gives to each person according to his ways and the fruit of his doings — same theological motif and overlapping wording.
  • Ezekiel 18:30 (verbal): The prophet claims God will judge each person 'according to his ways,' echoing the stress on individual responsibility and divine recompense.
  • Galatians 6:7 (thematic): New Testament expression of the retributive principle ('what a man sows, that shall he also reap'), thematically parallel to God repaying people according to their deeds.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For to the Almighty belongs true recompense, and the work of a man shall he render unto him.
  • For the work of a man shall he render unto him, and cause every man to find according to his ways.
12 Surely God will not do wickedly, and the Almighty will not pervert justice.

Job.34.12 - Details

Original Text

אף־ אמנם אל לא־ ירשיע ושדי לא־ יעות משפט׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • אמנם: PART
  • אל: NEG
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ירשיע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ושדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יעות: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (verbal): Affirms God's perfect work and that all his ways are justice—parallel to Job's claim that God will not act wickedly or pervert justice.
  • Psalm 97:2 (thematic): Declares that righteousness and justice are the foundation of God's throne, echoing the theme that God governs righteously and does not pervert judgment.
  • Isaiah 45:21 (thematic): Proclaims the LORD as a righteous God and Savior—reflects the assertion that God is just and will not commit injustice.
  • Proverbs 16:11 (thematic): States that just balances are the LORD's, attributing right judgment and fair measures to God, in line with Job's claim about God's unimpeachable justice.
  • Romans 3:5-6 (verbal): New Testament polemic denies that God is unjust or unrighteous—echoes Job's insistence that God will not pervert justice or act wickedly.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Of a truth God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment.
  • Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment.
13 Who appointed Him over the earth? Who put the whole world under His charge?

Job.34.13 - Details

Original Text

מי־ פקד עליו ארצה ומי שם תבל כלה׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • שם: ADV
  • תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כלה: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 24:1-2 (verbal): Declares the earth belongs to the LORD and asks who can claim it, paralleling Job 34:13's rhetorical claim about who has been appointed over the earth.
  • Psalm 95:3-4 (thematic): Affirms God's sovereign rule over the world (he is the King of creation; the sea and its contents are his), echoing the theme that God alone has authority over the earth.
  • Isaiah 45:12 (allusion): God speaks of forming and creating the earth and stretching out the heavens—closely related to the idea in Job 34:13 about who set the world in place.
  • Jeremiah 10:12 (verbal): States that the LORD made the earth by his power and established the world by his wisdom, a direct verbal/thematic parallel to the claim about God's sole appointment over the earth.
  • Colossians 1:16 (structural): New Testament affirmation that all things were created through (and for) Christ, paralleling the theological point in Job that the world and its governance ultimately belong to the Creator.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who has appointed him his way, or who has said to him, 'Thou hast wrought iniquity'?
  • Who hath given him a charge over the earth? Or who hath disposed the whole world?
14 If He set His heart on it and gathers to Himself His spirit and His breath,

Job.34.14 - Details

Original Text

אם־ ישים אליו לבו רוחו ונשמתו אליו יאסף׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • רוחו: NOUN,f,sg,prsuf3ms
  • ונשמתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יאסף: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:29-30 (verbal): Uses similar language about God withdrawing breath/spirit so that beings die and (implicitly) return to dust; close verbal and thematic echo of divine control over life.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): States that the spirit returns to God who gave it and the body returns to dust—a direct thematic parallel about the destiny of life when God takes back the spirit.
  • Genesis 6:3 (allusion): God’s statement that 'My Spirit shall not abide in man forever' echoes the idea that divine withdrawal of spirit results in human frailty and death.
  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): Portrays God breathing life into man (the giving of spirit/breath); serves as a conceptual counterpart to Job’s image of God gathering back the spirit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If he set his heart upon man, if he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath;
  • If he set his heart upon man, if he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath;
15 all flesh would perish together, and man would return to dust.

Job.34.15 - Details

Original Text

יגוע כל־ בשר יחד ואדם על־ עפר ישוב׃

Morphology

  • יגוע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחד: ADV
  • ואדם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • עפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 3:19 (verbal): God declares to Adam that he is dust and will return to dust—same imagery and language of human mortality as in Job 34:15.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:20 (verbal): Speaks of all humans and animals returning to the same place and to dust—echoes the universality of death found in Job 34:15.
  • Psalm 90:3 (allusion): Attributes human mortality to God's action—'you turn man to destruction; you say, Return, O children of men'—parallels Job's theme that all flesh returns to the earth.
  • Psalm 103:14 (thematic): Affirms God's knowledge of human frailty—'for he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust'—thematically connected to Job's statement about human return to dust.

Alternative generated candidates

  • all flesh would perish together, and man would return to dust.
  • All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust.
16 If you have understanding, hear this; listen to the voice of my words.

Job.34.16 - Details

Original Text

ואם־ בינה שמעה־ זאת האזינה לקול מלי׃

Morphology

  • ואם: CONJ
  • בינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • האזינה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+1cs

Parallels

  • Psalm 94:9-11 (verbal): Rhetorical questions about whether the Maker of the ear and eye does not perceive — links to Job’s appeal that hearing implies God will judge the complaint.
  • Psalm 9:7-8 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD sits to judge the world in righteousness, echoing Elihu’s claim that God will not ignore complaint but will execute judgment.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:17 (thematic): Asserts that God will judge both the righteous and the wicked, paralleling the theme that God hears and will decide matters of justice.
  • Deuteronomy 32:36 (structural): Speaks of God seeing and avenging his servants and putting enemies to shame — resonates with the expectation that God who hears will act in judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If you have understanding, hear this; listen to the voice of my words.
  • If ye therefore have understanding, hear this: hearken to the voice of my words.
17 Will one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn the Mighty One who is just?

Job.34.17 - Details

Original Text

האף שונא משפט יחבוש ואם־ צדיק כביר תרשיע׃

Morphology

  • האף: PART
  • שונא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחבוש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ואם: CONJ
  • צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כביר: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • תרשיע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:8 (verbal): God's retort closely echoes Job 34:17: a rhetorical challenge about condemning God—"Wilt thou condemn me, that thou mayest be righteous?"—a direct verbal parallel.
  • Proverbs 17:15 (thematic): Condemning the righteous (or justifying the wicked) is condemned as morally wrong, echoing Job 34:17's denunciation of those who would condemn one more righteous than themselves.
  • Psalm 50:21 (allusion): God reproves people who presume him to be like them and who despise divine judgment—parallel critique of human presumption and contempt for God's justice.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical rebuke—"Who art thou that repliest against God?"—reflects the same theme of human presumption in judging or condemning God's justice as in Job 34:17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Doth it befit thee to say, 'He shall do wrong,' or 'He will pervert judgment for the mighty'?
  • Shall one that hateth judgment govern? and wilt thou condemn him that is most just?
18 Who says to a king, ‘You are wicked,’ to nobles, ‘You are ungodly’—

Job.34.18 - Details

Original Text

האמר למלך בליעל רשע אל־ נדיבים׃

Morphology

  • האמר: PTCP,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,def
  • למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • נדיבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 58:1 (verbal): Direct address to rulers/judges—'Do you indeed decree what is right, O mighty?'—parallels Job 34:18's challenge to those who call kings or princes wicked and questions their justice.
  • Psalm 82:2-4 (allusion): God accuses the 'gods' or divine assembly (interpreted as judges/princes) of failing to uphold justice; thematically parallels Elihu's critique of those who label rulers unjust and pervert judgment.
  • Ezekiel 34:2-4 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of shepherds (leaders) who feed themselves and neglect the flock—a parallel theme of condemning rulers/officials for wickedness and injustice.
  • Isaiah 10:1-2 (thematic): Condemnation of unjust laws and decrees enacted by leaders—echoes the charge against rulers and princes who act wickedly and oppress the people.
  • Jeremiah 22:13-17 (thematic): Jeremiah denounces a king for injustice toward the poor and for dishonest gain, explicitly indicting royal conduct as wicked—a concrete example of labeling and judging a ruler's wrongdoing akin to Job 34:18's context.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He who says to the king, 'O worthless one!' and to nobles, 'O wicked man!'
  • Who saith to a king, 'Thou wicked man'; and to nobles, 'Ye brutish ones'?
19 who does not accept the persons of princes, nor regard the rich more than the poor? For they are all the work of His hands.

Job.34.19 - Details

Original Text

אשר לא־ נשא ׀ פני שרים ולא נכר־ שוע לפני־ דל כי־ מעשה ידיו כלם׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • שרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שוע: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • דל: ADJ,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
  • כלם: PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 10:17 (verbal): Declares that the LORD 'shows no partiality' and 'accepts no bribe,' closely matching Job's assertion that God does not favor princes or treat the rich differently.
  • Proverbs 22:2 (verbal): States that 'the rich and the poor meet together; the LORD is the maker of them all,' paralleling Job's 'for they are all the work of his hands' (common language about God as Creator of all social ranks).
  • Acts 10:34 (quotation): Peter's statement 'I most certainly understand that God is not one to show partiality' echoes Job's claim and the OT tradition of God's impartiality toward people.
  • Romans 2:11 (verbal): Paul's terse theological formula 'For God shows no partiality' repeats the same doctrinal point found in Job 34:19 about divine impartiality.
  • Leviticus 19:15 (thematic): Law forbidding partiality in judgment—'you shall do no injustice... you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great'—reflects the same ethical/theological theme of impartial treatment of persons.

Alternative generated candidates

  • who shows no partiality to princes, nor regards the rich more than the poor; for they are all the work of his hands.
  • Who showeth no respect of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor; for they are all the work of his hands.
20 At once they die; at midnight they are overthrown; the people are wasted and pass away, and the mighty are taken away without hands.

Job.34.20 - Details

Original Text

רגע ׀ ימתו וחצות לילה יגעשו עם ויעברו ויסירו אביר לא ביד׃

Morphology

  • רגע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימתו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • וחצות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יגעשו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • ויעברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ויסירו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
  • אביר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 14:1-2 (verbal): Both passages emphasize human transience with flower/brief-life imagery—man comes forth like a flower and withers, echoing Job 34:20's sudden death and passing of people.
  • Psalm 90:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of God sweeping people away so they are like a dream or grass that withers by evening—parallels the sudden removal and fragility of life in Job 34:20.
  • Psalm 103:15-16 (thematic): Describes human life as like grass and a flower that fades when the wind passes over it, underscoring the same theme of mortality and powerlessness found in Job 34:20.
  • Isaiah 40:6-7 (verbal): Declares 'all flesh is grass' and the flower fades—a direct metaphorical parallel about the brevity and frailty of human life, resonant with Job 34:20's sudden passing and removal of the mighty.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They die in the night, and are shaken from their place; and the mighty are removed, unable to help themselves.
  • They die in a moment, in the night, and the people are tumultuously shaken and pass away; and the mighty are taken away without hands.
21 For His eyes are on the ways of a man, and He sees all his steps.

Job.34.21 - Details

Original Text

כי־ עיניו על־ דרכי־ איש וכל־ צעדיו יראה׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • על: PREP
  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • צעדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 5:21 (verbal): Very close wording: 'For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD; and he pondereth all his goings'—God's eyes on human ways and steps.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (verbal): 'The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good'—emphasizes God's watchful gaze over all human actions.
  • Psalm 33:13-15 (thematic): 'The LORD looks from heaven; he sees all the children of men... he considers all their works'—theme of God's observation of human ways and deeds.
  • Jeremiah 16:17 (verbal): 'Mine eyes are upon all their ways; they are not hid from my face'—direct verbal parallel about God's scrutiny of human behavior.
  • Hebrews 4:13 (thematic): 'Nothing in all creation is hidden from God's sight'—New Testament theological echo that God sees and judges every action and step.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For his eyes are upon the ways of a man, and he sees all his steps.
  • For his eyes are upon the ways of a man, and he seeth all his goings.
22 There is no darkness nor shadow of death where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves.

Job.34.22 - Details

Original Text

אין־ חשך ואין צלמות להסתר שם פעלי און׃

Morphology

  • אין: PART,neg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • צלמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • להסתר: VERB,hiph,inf
  • שם: ADV
  • פעלי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • און: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 139:11-12 (verbal): Speaks of darkness failing to hide one from God—“if I say, ‘Darkness shall cover me,’ ... darkness is not dark to you,” directly echoing the claim that darkness offers no concealment.
  • Jeremiah 23:24 (verbal): God challenges the idea of hiding from him: “Can a man hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him?”—a close verbal parallel about there being no place of concealment.
  • Hebrews 4:13 (thematic): Declares that nothing in creation is hidden from God’s sight, complementing Job’s assertion that the workers of evil cannot hide in darkness.
  • Luke 12:2-3 (structural): Jesus teaches that nothing concealed will remain hidden and will be revealed—structurally parallel in theme: hidden deeds cannot ultimately escape divine disclosure.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): “The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good,” thematically reinforcing Job’s point that God sees all and darkness does not shield the wicked.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There is no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of iniquity can hide.
  • There is no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves.
23 For He will not lay upon man more than is right, that he should walk before God in judgment.

Job.34.23 - Details

Original Text

כי לא על־ איש ישים עוד להלך אל־ אל במשפט׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • על: PREP
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עוד: ADV
  • להלך: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • אל: NEG
  • אל: NEG
  • במשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 34:12 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same speech: asserts that God will not act wickedly or pervert justice, directly supporting the claim that God will not lay unjust judgment on a person.
  • Lamentations 3:33 (thematic): Affirms that God does not afflict people willingly or needlessly, paralleling the idea that God will not impose undeserved judgment or burden on a person.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:13 (thematic): States that God will not allow believers to be tempted beyond what they can bear—a New Testament parallel about God limiting trials and not overburdening people.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Declares God's works and judgments as perfect and just, providing a theological basis for the claim that God does not unjustly charge a person in judgment.
  • Psalm 103:14 (thematic): Notes God's knowledge of human frailty ('he knows our frame'), implying compassionate restraint in how he deals with people—resonant with the claim that God will not lay excessive judgment on a man.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For he will not afflict willingly, nor will he grieve the children of men.
  • For he will not lay upon man more than right, that he should enter into judgment with God.
24 He will break the mighty in their place and overthrow them in their bed, and they are crushed.

Job.34.24 - Details

Original Text

ירע כבירים לא־ חקר ויעמד אחרים תחתם׃

Morphology

  • ירע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • כבירים: PREP+ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אחרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • תחתם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 75:7 (verbal): Both passages attribute to God the action of putting down some and lifting up others — God as judge who brings down the proud and exalts others.
  • 1 Samuel 2:7-8 (thematic): Hannah’s song celebrates the Lord’s sovereign overturning of fortunes: he brings down the powerful and raises up the lowly, paralleling the theme of God displacing the mighty.
  • Isaiah 40:23 (thematic): Isaiah declares that God makes princes nothing and reduces rulers to emptiness, echoing the motif of God bringing down high ones and replacing them.
  • Daniel 4:17 (allusion): The decree that the Most High gives kingdoms to whom he wills parallels the idea that God removes or humbles rulers and establishes others in their place.

Alternative generated candidates

  • To the wicked he gives relief in the day of calamity; if he is lifted up, they are exalted.
  • He taketh the mighty in their own craftiness, and overthroweth them in the night, so that they are destroyed.
25 He shall be judged for their pride, and He will take them away in the night and they shall be utterly consumed.

Job.34.25 - Details

Original Text

לכן יכיר מעבדיהם והפך לילה וידכאו׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • יכיר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מעבדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3mp
  • והפך: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידכאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Revelation 2:2 (verbal): The risen Lord repeatedly declares 'I know your works'—a direct verbal parallel to Job 34:25's claim that God 'knows their works.' Both stress divine awareness of human activity.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): 'The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good.' The theme of God's constant scrutiny of deeds parallels Job's assertion that God knows and judges workers.
  • Hebrews 4:13 (thematic): 'Nothing in all creation is hidden...all things are naked and exposed to the eyes of him to whom we must give account.' Echoes the idea that God knows secret deeds and will bring judgment.
  • Psalm 37:20 (thematic): Speaks of the sudden end and destruction of the wicked ('they shall perish'), paralleling Job 34:25's image of God overturning and crushing the wicked, often unexpectedly.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But he takes them to task in the sight of others and gives them over to destruction.
  • He striketh them as wicked in the place of the people, and they are crushed, even at night, and are consumed out of the place.
26 He has them in derision before the eyes of others, and their works are overturned.

Job.34.26 - Details

Original Text

תחת־ רשעים ספקם במקום ראים׃

Morphology

  • תחת: PREP
  • רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ספקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3mp
  • במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ראים: VERB,qal,part,?,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 73:18-19 (thematic): Both passages portray the sudden downfall of the wicked by God’s action—those who seem secure are cast down and destroyed.
  • Psalm 37:35-36 (thematic): An observer’s report of a once-powerful wicked person suddenly passing away echoes Job’s concern with the collapse or removal of the wicked’s support.
  • Proverbs 2:21-22 (thematic): Contrasts the destinies of the righteous and the wicked—upright ones remain while the wicked are cut off—parallel to the theme of the wicked’s removal.
  • Job 21:30 (verbal): Within the same book, this verse similarly treats the fate of the wicked—being reserved for calamity or brought forth to judgment—connecting to Job 34:26’s concern with the wicked’s downfall.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brings them to reproach where others can see; for they turn aside from him and do not know all his ways.
  • He delivereth them over in their wickedness, and their devices come upon them.
27 So they turn from following Him and no longer walk in His ways.

Job.34.27 - Details

Original Text

אשר על־ כן סרו מאחריו וכל־ דרכיו לא השכילו׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • סרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מאחריו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • דרכיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • השכילו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,pl

Parallels

  • Job 21:14 (verbal): Within Job itself: opponents say ‘Depart from us; we desire not the knowledge of thy ways,’ directly echoing the idea of turning away from God and not knowing his ways.
  • Psalm 95:10 (verbal): Very close wording — ‘they have not known my ways’ — a direct verbal parallel about people’s failure to know or heed God’s ways.
  • Psalm 81:11 (thematic): ‘But my people would not hearken to my voice’ — a parallel theme of the people refusing God and turning away from his ways.
  • Romans 1:21 (thematic): New Testament parallel: though they knew God, people ‘did not glorify him… their foolish hearts were darkened’ — thematically similar (turning from God and failing to understand his ways).
  • Isaiah 63:10 (thematic): ‘They rebelled and vexed his Holy Spirit,’ describing rebellion/turning away from God and the resulting estrangement — a prophetic thematic parallel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore men are broken by him, and their life is consumed like a breath.
  • For they turned aside from following him, and they caused not to know all his ways.
28 Therefore they cry to the poor and the groan of the needy comes to Him.

Job.34.28 - Details

Original Text

להביא עליו צעקת־ דל וצעקת עניים ישמע׃

Morphology

  • להביא: VERB,hif,inf
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • צעקת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • דל: ADJ,m,sg
  • וצעקת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • עניים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 34:6 (verbal): Explicitly parallels the language and theme—'this poor man cried, and the LORD heard him'—emphasizing God hears the cry of the needy.
  • Psalm 102:17 (thematic): Speaks of God regarding the prayer of the destitute and not despising their plea, echoing Job's claim that God hears the cry of the needy.
  • Psalm 72:12 (thematic): Describes the righteous king delivering the needy when they call, thematically parallel to God hearing and answering the cries of the poor.
  • Psalm 18:6 (verbal): The psalmist's cry to God in distress and the statement that God heard his voice closely parallels the motif of crying out and God hearing found in Job 34:28.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He hears the cry of the needy; and when he lifts up their cause, they are heard.
  • So that they caused the cry of the poor to come unto him, and he heareth the cry of the poor.
29 And He will reserve His wrath, and who will accuse Him? He hides His face for a time, that He may straighten out a man.

Job.34.29 - Details

Original Text

והוא ישקט ׀ ומי ירשע ויסתר פנים ומי ישורנו ועל־ גוי ועל־ אדם יחד׃

Morphology

  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ישקט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • ירשע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויסתר: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
  • פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • ישורנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחד: ADV

Parallels

  • Job 23:8-10 (verbal): Both passages address God's hiddenness and the human struggle to confront or comprehend him when he 'hides his face'; Job 23 expresses the same theme of seeking God who is not seen.
  • Exodus 33:20 (allusion): God's hidden face and human incapacity to stand before him—'you cannot see my face... and live'—parallels the idea that when God withdraws or is silent, humans cannot contend with him.
  • Deuteronomy 32:39 (verbal): Deut. emphasizes Yahweh's sovereignty over life and death and that none can deliver from his hand, echoing Job's claim about God's authority over nations and individuals and human inability to resist his judgment.
  • Romans 9:20 (thematic): Paul's rhetorical challenge ('Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?') parallels Job's recognition that human beings are not in a position to successfully accuse or correct God.
  • Romans 11:33 (thematic): Paul's doxology on the inscrutability of God's judgments ('Oh, the depth of the riches... of his wisdom') reflects the same theme in Job of God's hiddenness and the limits of human understanding regarding divine ways.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He keeps the earth for the righteous; he hides it for their sake in times of trouble.
  • When he giveth quiet, who then can condemn? when he hideth his face, who then can behold him? whether it be against a nation, or against a man only.
30 He will make a nation wise, and the armies of the nations shall be still.

Job.34.30 - Details

Original Text

ממלך אדם חנף ממקשי עם׃

Morphology

  • ממלך: VERB,qal,inf
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חנף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ממקשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עם: PREP

Parallels

  • Psalm 10:2-4 (thematic): Depicts the godless man who boasts, oppresses the poor and scorns the people—echoing Job 34's concern with impious individuals and their treatment of the community.
  • Psalm 94:20-23 (thematic): Speaks of the plotting of the wicked against the righteous and God's judgment on those who afflict the people, paralleling Elihu's insistence that God judges godless men who harm the community.
  • Proverbs 28:16 (thematic): Describes a ruler lacking understanding who becomes an oppressor of the poor—resonant with the motif of a 'wicked/man impious' who injures the people.
  • Micah 2:1-2 (thematic): Portrays the schemes of the wicked to seize land and harm neighbors; thematically parallels the exploitation and harm a godless person brings upon the community.
  • Job 21:7 (thematic): Job's observation about the presence and apparent prosperity of the wicked among the people connects directly to the larger Joban debate over wicked persons in the community, a topic Elihu addresses in chapter 34.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So that a man may not oppress in his presence; so that the poor be not taken away by him.
  • That the hypocrite should not reign, lest the people be ensnared.
31 If you choose, speak; and if you have understanding, answer me.

Job.34.31 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אל־ אל האמר נשאתי לא אחבל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אל: NEG
  • אל: NEG
  • האמר: PTCP,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,def
  • נשאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אחבל: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Numbers 23:19 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'God is not a man, that he should lie... neither the son of man, that he should repent' to assert God's truthfulness and immutability.
  • 1 Samuel 15:29 (verbal): Closely parallels the wording that the 'Strength of Israel' does not lie or repent, reinforcing the idea that God is not like humans who change their minds.
  • Hebrews 6:18 (thematic): New Testament restatement of the same theological point: God's promise and oath are sure because 'it is impossible for God to lie.'
  • Titus 1:2 (thematic): Affirms the doctrine that God cannot lie, used to ground the hope of eternal life in God's unwavering promise.
  • Psalm 89:34 (allusion): Expresses the same theme of divine faithfulness and immutability—'My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • Would I take any man's part against God? Would I hide my judgment for the Almighty?
  • Shall any one say, 'I have labored in vain, I have spent my strength for nothing'?
32 But if not, hear me: keep silence, and I will teach you wisdom.

Job.34.32 - Details

Original Text

בלעדי אחזה אתה הרני אם־ עול פעלתי לא אסיף׃

Morphology

  • בלעדי: PREP
  • אחזה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • הרני: PART+PRON,1,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • עול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פעלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אסיף: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 31:35 (verbal): Job appeals for a formal hearing and invokes a ‘signature’/plea for God to answer—both passages present a protestation of innocence and a demand that God judge him.
  • Job 13:18 (verbal): ‘Here is my signature; let the Almighty answer me’ (or similar language) — like 34:32 this verse calls for God’s adjudication and expresses confidence in personal integrity.
  • Psalm 26:1 (thematic): ‘Vindicate me, O LORD, for I have walked in my integrity’ — both verses plead for vindication and assert the speaker’s righteousness before God.
  • Isaiah 50:8 (thematic): ‘He who vindicates me is near’ (or the servant’s challenge to his opponents) — parallels the theme of God as defender and the righteous person’s appeal against false accusation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But it shall not be so: till I die I will not remove my integrity from me.
  • Let him that reproveth a thing answer it. If thou hast understanding, answer me.
33 How many are there among you that would justify wicked men? That would justify a man who is an evildoer?

Job.34.33 - Details

Original Text

המעמך ישלמנה כי־ מאסת כי־ אתה תבחר ולא־ אני ומה־ ידעת דבר׃

Morphology

  • המעמך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ישלמנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • מאסת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • תבחר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ומה: CONJ+PRON,int
  • ידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 38:2 (verbal): God challenges the speaker for speaking 'without knowledge'—a direct rebuke to human presumption similar to the question 'what do you know?'. Both emphasize human ignorance before divine wisdom.
  • Job 40:2 (thematic): God questions the faultfinder—'Shall a faultfinder contend with the Almighty?'—paralleling the theme of a human challenging or choosing against God and being rebuked for it.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): 'Woe to him who strives with his Maker'—a prophetic warning against quarrelling with God that echoes the verse's challenge to one who 'chooses' against God and presumes to judge Him.
  • Romans 11:34 (quotation): Paul cites Old Testament rhetoric ('Who has known the mind of the Lord?') to assert human inability to judge God's ways—an early Christian echo of the same theme of limited human knowledge found in Job 34:33.
  • Proverbs 30:2–3 (structural): The speaker admits a lack of wisdom—'I am neither learned nor wise'—reflecting the motif in Job 34:33 of acknowledging human ignorance and the impropriety of presuming to decide divine matters.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will not give way to you in the matter; I have not so much as you; why should I choose, and you be right?
  • Shall Job be justified before God? or shall man be more pure than his Maker?
34 Men of understanding will say to me, and a man of wise heart who hears me—

Job.34.34 - Details

Original Text

אנשי לבב יאמרו לי וגבר חכם שמע לי׃

Morphology

  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאמרו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • וגבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חכם: ADJ,m,sg
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:5 (verbal): Both verses issue an imperative calling the wise to listen—'a wise man will hear' parallels Job's appeal 'let a wise man hear me.'
  • Proverbs 18:15 (thematic): Emphasis on the wise/heart who seeks and gains understanding through attentive hearing echoes Job's summons to men of heart and wise listeners.
  • Mark 4:9 (verbal): Jesus' formula 'Who hath ears to hear, let him hear' parallels Job's exhortation for the wise to listen—both are summonses to heed important speech.
  • Revelation 2:7 (verbal): The repeated Johannine admonition 'He that hath an ear, let him hear' reflects the same rhetorical call in Job 34:34 for receptive, discerning listeners.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore hear me, you men of understanding; far be it from God to do wickedness, and from the Almighty to pervert justice.
  • Let men of understanding tell me; yea, let a wise man hearken unto me.
35 ‘Job speaks without knowledge, and his words are without wisdom.’"

Job.34.35 - Details

Original Text

איוב לא־ בדעת ידבר ודבריו לא בהשכיל׃

Morphology

  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בדעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ודבריו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,poss3ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בהשכיל: PREP+VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 18:2 (thematic): Both condemn speech without understanding—valuing talk over true knowledge (’a fool has no delight in understanding’).
  • Proverbs 17:27-28 (verbal): Contrasts wise restraint with foolish speech; praises holding one’s tongue, echoing the charge that Job’s words lack wisdom.
  • Job 32:9-10 (structural): Earlier in Elihu’s speeches he likewise criticizes the elders and claims proper understanding comes from the spirit, setting up his charge that Job speaks without knowledge.
  • Job 38:2 (allusion): God’s rebuke (‘Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge?’) directly parallels the accusation that Job speaks without understanding.
  • Psalm 73:22 (thematic): The psalmist’s admission of being senseless and ignorant before God resonates with the theme that human words can be foolish and lack true understanding.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It is you who have said, 'He punishes not the proud,' and 'He takes no account of transgressors.'
  • Job speaketh without knowledge, and his words are without wisdom.
36 Let Job be tried to the end for his answers; for he adds rebellion to his sin.

Job.34.36 - Details

Original Text

אבי יבחן איוב עד־ נצח על־ תשבת באנשי־ און׃

Morphology

  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • יבחן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • נצח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • תשבת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • באנשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • און: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 139:23 (verbal): Uses the same root בחן ('search/test') — 'Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me...' — echoing the language of being examined/tested by God.
  • Deuteronomy 8:2 (thematic): Speaks of God leading Israel 'to humble you and to test you' (לְבַחֵנְךָ), thematically parallel to the motif of divine testing and proving a person’s character.
  • Job 1:12 (thematic): God’s permission for Satan to test Job is the pivotal narrative instance of Job’s testing; thematically connected as an extended trial of Job’s integrity.
  • Jeremiah 17:10 (verbal): God says 'I the LORD search the heart, I test the mind' (חֹקֵר... מַבְחֵן), employing similar vocabulary and the theological idea of God examining and testing humans.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore you reproach the fearers of God, because it is not you who will be justified.
  • My desire is that God would speak, and that he would open his lips against Job,
37 For he claps his hands among us and multiplies his words against God; he condemns himself to his face.

Job.34.37 - Details

Original Text

כי יסיף על־ חטאתו פשע בינינו יספוק וירב אמריו לאל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • יסיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRSFX,3,m,sg
  • פשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בינינו: PREP,1,c,pl
  • יספוק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וירב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אמריו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • לאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 73:8 (verbal): Uses the image of the wicked setting their mouth against the heavens—parallels Job's language of multiplying words against God (both depict speech raised up against the divine).
  • Ezekiel 18:24 (thematic): Discusses the righteous who turns to iniquity and the consequences of adding sin—echoes the idea of 'adding rebellion to his sin' and the compound nature of transgression.
  • Isaiah 30:10 (thematic): People demand smooth, deceptive words and reject God's truth ('Prophesy not... speak unto us smooth things'), reflecting the theme of hostile or multiplied speech contrary to God.
  • Psalm 50:21 (allusion): God reproves those who presume to treat Him as a mere fellow and speak boldly against Him—similar to Job 34:37's charge that one multiplies words against God and thus rebels.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If you have anything to say, answer me; speak. If not, hear me: keep silent, and I will teach you wisdom.
  • And that he would take his part; for he addeth rebellion to his sin: he multiplicateth words against God.
1 And Elihu answered and said,

Job.35.1 - Details

Original Text

ויען אליהו ויאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:6 (verbal): Introduces Elihu's first speech with the same formula (׳וַיַּעַן אֶלְיהוּ וַיֹּאמַר׳), marking the start of his address to Job and the friends.
  • Job 36:1 (verbal): A later section of Elihu's discourse begins with the identical speech formula (׳וַיַּעַן אֶלְיהוּ וַיֹּאמַר׳), showing the recurring structural marker of his speeches.
  • Job 4:1 (structural): Eliphaz's reply to Job begins with a similar opening (׳וַיֹּאמַר אֱלִיפַז׳), paralleling the dialogue pattern of friend-response introductions throughout the book.
  • Job 29:1 (structural): Job's own speech is introduced with the same kind of opening (׳וַיֹּאמַר אִיּוֹב׳), illustrating the exchange of formal speech units between Job and his interlocutors.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Elihu answered and said:
  • And Elihu answered and said:
2 "Do you think this to be right, that you say, ‘My righteousness is more than God’s’?

Job.35.2 - Details

Original Text

הזאת חשבת למשפט אמרת צדקי מאל׃

Morphology

  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • חשבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • למשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • צדקי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • מאל: PREP

Parallels

  • Job 40:8 (verbal): God challenges Job with a similar rebuke—'Shall a faultfinder contend with the Almighty? He that reproveth God, let him answer it.'—both confront claiming to be right over God.
  • Ezekiel 18:25 (thematic): Israel complains 'The way of the Lord is not just'—echoes the theme of questioning God's justice and asserting human righteousness.
  • Proverbs 30:12 (thematic): 'There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes...' —a proverb against self-righteousness like Job's alleged claim to be more righteous than God.
  • Luke 18:11 (structural): The Pharisee's prayer ('God, I thank thee that I am not as other men...') parallels the posture of boasting or claiming superior righteousness before God.
  • Psalm 50:21 (allusion): God rebukes those who 'thought I was like you,' addressing the presumption of equating oneself with God's standards—similar to accusing Job of claiming greater righteousness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do you think this to be justice? Do you say, 'I am more righteous than God'?
  • Thinkest thou this to be right? that thou saidst, 'My righteousness is more than God's'?
3 For you say, ‘What advantage will it be to you? What profit shall I have more than if I had sinned?’"

Job.35.3 - Details

Original Text

כי־ תאמר מה־ יסכן־ לך מה־ אעיל מחטאתי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • תאמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • יסכן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • אעיל: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • מחטאתי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1

Parallels

  • Psalm 73:13 (thematic): Expresses the same sense of futility about righteousness—'Surely in vain I have kept my heart pure'—paralleling Job's question about what advantage righteousness brings compared to sin.
  • Job 21:7 (thematic): An earlier section of Job where he puzzles over the prosperity of the wicked and the apparent lack of reward for the righteous, directly related to the dilemma raised in 35:3.
  • Ecclesiastes 1:3 (verbal): Uses a similar rhetorical question—'What profit has a man from all his labor?'—reflecting the same concern about the benefit or advantage of human conduct, akin to Job's 'what profit is it to me.'
  • Jeremiah 12:1 (thematic): The prophet questions divine justice because the wicked prosper ('Why does the way of the wicked prosper?'), echoing Job's challenge about the value of righteousness in view of outcomes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For you say, 'What profit is it to me, and what do I gain by not sinning?'
  • For thou saidst, 'What advantage will it be to thee? and what profit shall I have, more than if I had sinned?'
4 I will answer you and your friends with you.

Job.35.4 - Details

Original Text

אני אשיבך מלין ואת־ רעיך עמך׃

Morphology

  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • אשיבך: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • רעיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m

Parallels

  • Job 36:2 (verbal): Same speaker (Elihu) immediately continues with the intention to speak on God's behalf—another explicit promise to address Job and his friends ('Suffer me a little, and I will show you').
  • Job 40:4 (verbal): Job's rhetorical line 'Behold, I am of small account; what shall I answer you?' echoes the courtroom/response motif—similar language about giving an answer in the dialogue between disputants.
  • Proverbs 18:17 (thematic): ‘The first to plead his case seems right, until another comes and examines him’—parallels the setting of disputation and the role of answering or replying to a speaker and his companions.
  • 1 Peter 3:15 (thematic): Command to 'always be ready to give an answer to everyone who asks you' parallels the obligation/intention to answer criticisms or accusations—thematic link to Elihu's promise to respond to Job and his friends.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will answer you, and your companions with you.
  • I will answer thee, and thy companions with thee.
5 Look to the heavens and see; and behold the clouds, if you can.

Job.35.5 - Details

Original Text

הבט שמים וראה ושור שחקים גבהו ממך׃

Morphology

  • הבט: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,sg
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וראה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • ושור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • גבהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:26 (verbal): Both use an imperative to 'lift up/see the heavens' as an invitation to behold the divine creator and his works.
  • Isaiah 55:9 (thematic): Explicitly compares the height of the heavens to the earth to illustrate God's superiority—echoes 'clouds/heavens are higher than you.'
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): The heavens are presented as declaring God's glory and transcendence above human beings, similar theological point.
  • Psalm 8:3 (thematic): The psalmist's contemplative look to the heavens ('when I consider your heavens') parallels Job's call to observe the sky as a sign of divine majesty.
  • Job 38:31-33 (structural): God's speeches point Job to celestial phenomena (constellations, cosmic order) to underscore human limitation—structurally similar use of the heavens to humble humans.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Look to the heavens and see; behold the skies, which are higher than you.
  • Look unto the heavens, and see; and behold the clouds which are higher than thou.
6 If you sin, what do you do to Him? Or if your transgressions are multiplied, what do you do to Him?

Job.35.6 - Details

Original Text

אם־ חטאת מה־ תפעל־ בו ורבו פשעיך מה־ תעשה־ לו׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תפעל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ורבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • פשעיך: NOUN,m,pl,cs,2,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 50:9-12 (thematic): Asserts that God does not need sacrifices or possessions from humans (’I will not take a bull… For every beast is mine’), echoing Job 35:6’s claim that human sin or offerings do not profit or harm God.
  • Psalm 115:3-8 (thematic): Contrasts the impotence of idols and human offerings with the sovereign God (’Our God is in the heavens…they that make them are like unto them’), reinforcing the idea that human actions cannot affect God’s being or needs.
  • Isaiah 40:17-18 (thematic): Declares the insignificance of nations and the impossibility of likening or benefiting God (’All nations are as nothing… To whom then will ye liken God?’), paralleling Job’s point that human sin does not alter God.
  • Romans 11:34-35 (allusion): Rhetorical questions ('Who hath known the mind of the Lord? Or who hath first given to him…?') underline that nothing humans can give or do puts God in obligation—similar to Job 35:6’s question about what human sin or multitude of sins can do to God.
  • Psalm 49:7-9 (thematic): Affirms that no one can ransom another or give God a price for deliverance (’None of them can by any means redeem his brother…nor give to God a ransom’), supporting the theme that human deeds cannot materially affect God’s status or needs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If you sin, what do you accomplish against him? If your transgressions are multiplied, what do you do to him?
  • If thou sinnest, what doest thou against him? or if thy transgressions be multiplied, what doest thou unto him?
7 If you are righteous, what do you give to Him? Or what does He receive from your hand?

Job.35.7 - Details

Original Text

אם־ צדקת מה־ תתן־ לו או מה־ מידך יקח׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • צדקת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תתן: VERB,qal,imprf,2,_,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • או: CONJ
  • מה: PRON,int
  • מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • יקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 22:2-3 (verbal): Eliphaz asks a similar rhetorical question—does human righteousness profit God or bring him gain—closely echoing Elihu’s point.
  • Psalm 50:9-13 (thematic): Asserts that God does not need sacrifices or anything from humans (‘If I were hungry I would not tell you…’), paralleling the claim that human righteousness gives nothing to God.
  • 1 Chronicles 29:14 (thematic): David’s confession that all things come from God and that humans give back what they have received underscores the idea that people cannot give anything intrinsically to God.
  • Romans 11:35 (quotation): Paul’s rhetorical question ‘Who has given to him that he might be repaid?’ echoes the OT theme that no one can give to God so as to obligate or benefit him.
  • Acts 17:25 (thematic): Paul’s statement that God ‘is not served by human hands, as though he needed anything’ parallels Elihu’s argument that human righteousness does not provide God with benefit or need.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If you are righteous, what do you give to him? Or what does he receive from your hand?
  • If thou be righteous, what givest thou him? or what receiveth he of thy hand?
8 Your wickedness may affect a man like yourself, and your righteousness may profit the son of man.

Job.35.8 - Details

Original Text

לאיש־ כמוך רשעך ולבן־ אדם צדקתך׃

Morphology

  • לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כמוך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • רשעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ולבן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צדקתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,ms

Parallels

  • Job 22:2-3 (verbal): Eliphaz asks rhetorically whether a man can be of profit to God and whether the Almighty gains by human righteousness—closely echoing Elihu’s point that human righteousness/wickedness affect fellow humans, not God.
  • Psalm 50:12-13,21 (thematic): God declares he does not need sacrifices or anything from humans; the psalm rebukes the presumption that God benefits from human piety—parallel to the idea that righteousness concerns other people, not God.
  • Acts 17:25 (thematic): Paul argues that God is not served by human hands and needs nothing from people, which parallels Elihu’s claim that human virtue or vice does not add to or detract from God but bears on other humans.
  • Isaiah 57:11 (allusion): Isaiah rebukes the complacent who assume God is like them and that his anger or favor depends on their conduct—resonates with Elihu’s assertion that God is not affected by human righteousness in the way people suppose.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your wickedness affects a man like you, and your righteousness may profit a son of man.
  • Thy wickedness may hurt a man as thou art; and thy righteousness may profit the son of man.
9 By much oppression they cry out; they cry for help because of the mighty arm.

Job.35.9 - Details

Original Text

מרב עשוקים יזעיקו ישועו מזרוע רבים׃

Morphology

  • מרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשוקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יזעיקו: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,pl
  • ישועו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • מזרוע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 9:9 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD as refuge for the oppressed; both verses affirm that the oppressed cry out and God is the defender/rescue of the afflicted.
  • Psalm 18:6 (verbal): "In my distress I called upon the LORD" parallels Job's image of people crying out in oppression and appealing to God's power (the 'mighty arm') for deliverance.
  • Psalm 22:24 (thematic): Declares that God does not ignore the afflicted and hears their cry—directly parallels Job's claim that many cry out from oppression and seek aid.
  • Psalm 34:6 (thematic): "This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him" closely mirrors the motif of the oppressed crying out and receiving God's saving help.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Men cry out because of oppression; they cry out for help because of the arm of the mighty.
  • Many a time do they cry, yet there is none to save, because of the arm of the mighty.
10 Yet no one says, ‘Where is God my Maker, who gives songs in the night,'

Job.35.10 - Details

Original Text

ולא־ אמר איה אלוה עשי נתן זמרות בלילה׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איה: ADV,interr
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • זמרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 42:8 (verbal): Uses the closely similar phrase 'by night his song is with me' (or 'song in the night'), paralleling Job's image of God giving songs in the night.
  • Psalm 42:9 (thematic): A lament that explicitly questions God's presence ('I say to God my rock, Why have you forgotten me?'), echoing Job's 'Where is God my Maker?' motif of seeking God's nearness in suffering.
  • Job 10:8 (verbal): Job elsewhere calls God his maker ('Your hands fashioned and made me'), directly linking to the phrase 'God my Maker' in 35:10 and showing the recurring self-address to God as creator.
  • Isaiah 54:5 (allusion): Refers to God as 'your Maker' (and covenant partner), thematically related to Job's appeal to God as Maker and the expectation of God's care and restoration.
  • Habakkuk 1:2 (thematic): A prophet's complaint 'O LORD, how long shall I cry... and you will not hear?' mirrors Job's tone of asking where God is and why the righteous suffer, linking protest and petition under crisis.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But no one says, 'Where is God my Maker, who gives songs in the night,
  • Men say, 'Where is God my maker, who giveth songs in the night?'
11 who teaches more to the beasts of the earth and gives wisdom to the birds of the heavens?

Job.35.11 - Details

Original Text

מלפנו מבהמות ארץ ומעוף השמים יחכמנו׃

Morphology

  • מלפנו: PREP
  • מבהמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ומעוף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • יחכמנו: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 12:7-9 (verbal): Direct verbal/thematic parallel — Job explicitly invites one to 'ask the beasts' and 'the fowls of the air' and the earth, saying creation can teach and reveal wisdom, closely echoing the idea that animals/birds instruct humans.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Creation-as-teacher motif — 'The heavens declare the glory of God,' presenting the idea that the natural world communicates divine truth and wisdom to people.
  • Isaiah 1:3 (thematic): Contrast of animal insight and human ignorance — 'The ox knows its owner... but Israel does not know,' using animals' knowledge to rebuke human failure, similar to the claim that beasts teach humans.
  • Luke 12:24 (thematic): New Testament parallel where Jesus points to birds (the ravens) as instructive examples of God's care, employing creatures as lessons for human understanding and trust.

Alternative generated candidates

  • who teaches us more than the beasts of the earth and makes us wiser than the birds of heaven?'
  • Who teacheth us more than the beasts of the earth, and maketh us wiser than the fowls of heaven?
12 They cry, but He does not answer, because of the pride of evil men.

Job.35.12 - Details

Original Text

שם יצעקו ולא יענה מפני גאון רעים׃

Morphology

  • שם: ADV
  • יצעקו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • מפני: PREP
  • גאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:24-28 (structural): Wisdom says, 'I called, and you refused... then they will call upon me, but I will not answer'—a parallel motif of cries that go unanswered because the addressees (or God/wisdom) refuse due to prior pride/rejection.
  • Isaiah 59:2 (thematic): 'Your iniquities have separated you from your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you so that he does not hear'—explains unanswered cries as a consequence of the wickedness/pride of the sinful.
  • Isaiah 1:15 (verbal): 'When you spread out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you... I will not listen'—explicitly links ritual/prayer being ignored to the people's guilt (hands full of blood), echoing the idea that the wicked's behavior causes God not to answer.
  • Psalm 66:18 (thematic): 'If I had cherished iniquity in my heart, the LORD would not have listened'—connects unrepented sin with God refusing to hear, paralleling Job's claim that the wicked's pride prevents answers.
  • Psalm 10:4 (thematic): 'In his pride the wicked does not seek him; all his thoughts are that there is no God'—links the pride of the wicked to a breakdown in relation with God, which helps explain why cries may go unanswered.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They cry out, but he does not answer because of the pride of evil men.
  • There they cry, but he answereth not, because of the pride of the evil doers.
13 Surely God will not hear wickedness; the Almighty will not regard it.

Job.35.13 - Details

Original Text

אך־ שוא לא־ ישמע ׀ אל ושדי לא ישורנה׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • שוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ושדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישורנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms,sg,3fs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 1:15 (thematic): Both passages depict God refusing to listen to the prayers or worship of those whose conduct is unacceptable—'I will not listen' echoes Job’s assertion that God will not heed vanity.
  • Psalm 66:18 (verbal): Shares the idea and similar wording that the LORD does not hear when the heart harbors wrongdoing—'the LORD will not hear' parallels Job’s claim that God will not hear 'vanity'.
  • Jeremiah 7:16 (thematic): God commands the prophet not to pray for the people because He will not listen—this mirrors Job’s theme that God does not regard or hear certain appeals.
  • Amos 5:21–23 (thematic): God rejects empty ritual and songs—'I hate, I despise your feasts… I will not accept' complements Job’s denunciation of vain pleas that the Almighty will not regard.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Surely God will not hear vanity, neither will the Almighty regard it.
  • Surely God will not hear vanity, neither will the Almighty regard it.
14 Although you say you do not see Him, yet your case is before Him; keep on in your transgression, therefore.

Job.35.14 - Details

Original Text

אף כי־ תאמר לא תשורנו דין לפניו ותחולל לו׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • כי: CONJ
  • תאמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תשורנו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg+OBJ,1,pl
  • דין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ותחולל: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 34:21-22 (structural): Within the same Elihu speech; affirms that God’s eyes are on men’s ways and that he must judge—continuing the argument that God does see and will deal with human conduct.
  • Psalm 94:9-11 (verbal): Uses rhetorical questions ('He that planted the ear... shall he not hear?') to insist God perceives and knows human thoughts and will bring judgment, countering the claim that God is unaware.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (verbal): ‘The eyes of the LORD are in every place’—a proverb emphasizing God’s constant oversight and refuting the idea that matters escape his notice.
  • Luke 12:6-7 (thematic): Jesus teaches that God notices even the smallest details of human life (sparrows, hairs), paralleling the theme that God is aware of and concerned with human affairs even when people think he is not.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Although you say you do not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore you must plead your cause.
  • Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore trust thou in him.
15 And now, because He has not visited in His indignation, nor has He taken much notice—they pass by me unpunished—you say, ‘He pays no heed.’"

Job.35.15 - Details

Original Text

ועתה כי־ אין פקד אפו ולא־ ידע בפש מאד׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • כי: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בפש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאד: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 10:11-14 (verbal): The wicked say God does not see or take notice ('He has forgotten'), paralleling Job 35:15's claim that God 'does not take notice' of sin—both address the perception that God is unaware or indifferent.
  • Psalm 13:1 (thematic): A personal cry that God has 'forgotten' or is hiding his face, echoing the theme of God not regarding the sufferer's plight in Job 35:15.
  • Isaiah 1:15 (allusion): God's refusal to regard the prayers of unrepentant people ('I will hide my eyes... I will not hear') parallels Elihu's point about God not taking notice of certain behavior or appeals.
  • Lamentations 5:20-21 (thematic): The communal lament 'Why dost thou forget us for ever?' reflects the same experience of perceived divine non-attention and abandonment voiced in Job 35:15.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But now, because God has not visited in great wrath, therefore you are slack concerning repentance.
  • But now, because he hath not punished in his anger, nor taken much notice of pride,
16 Therefore Job opens his mouth with prideful words; he multiplies words without knowledge.

Job.35.16 - Details

Original Text

ואיוב הבל יפצה־ פיהו בבלי־ דעת מלין יכבר׃

Morphology

  • ואיוב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יפצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • פיהו: NOUN,m,sg,pr3ms
  • בבלי: PREP
  • דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • יכבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 15:2 (verbal): Contrasts wise speech grounded in knowledge with a mouth that pours out folly—echoes Job’s charge that his words are many but lack understanding.
  • Proverbs 18:2 (thematic): Describes the fool who seeks to express himself rather than to understand, paralleling the idea of speaking ‘without knowledge.’
  • Proverbs 10:19 (verbal): Warns that an abundance of words invites sin, resonating with the critique of multiplying words in vain.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:2 (thematic): Advises restraint in speech, especially before God; thematically linked to the reproach of rash, uninformed talk.
  • James 1:19 (thematic): New Testament admonition to be quick to hear and slow to speak—reflects the same concern about speaking hastily or without understanding.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore Job opens his mouth with empty talk; without knowledge he multiplies words against God.
  • Therefore Job opened his mouth in vanity, and he multiplieth words without knowledge.
1 And Elihu continued and said,

Job.36.1 - Details

Original Text

ויסף אליהוא ויאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אליהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 32:6 (verbal): Introduction of Elihu’s speech—same formula (“answered and said”) that marks the start of his remarks and establishes the speaker.
  • Job 33:1 (structural): Continuation of Elihu’s address—another speech-heading in the sequence of Elihu’s extended discourse (structurally linked to 36:1).
  • Job 34:1 (verbal): Another instance where the narrator signals Elihu’s speech with the same formula (“Elihu answered and said”), showing the recurring speech-introduction pattern.
  • Job 4:1 (thematic): Eliphaz’s opening formula (“Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said”)—parallels the dialogical convention in Job whereby speakers are introduced before delivering a speech.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Elihu also proceeded and said,
  • Again Elihu answered and said:
2 "Bear with me a little, and I will show you; for I still have words to speak on God’s behalf.

Job.36.2 - Details

Original Text

כתר־ לי זעיר ואחוך כי עוד לאלוה מלים׃

Morphology

  • כתר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • זעיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ואחוך: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • עוד: ADV
  • לאלוה: PREP
  • מלים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 37:1 (verbal): Uses the same bridging phrase (Heb. ׳כתר־לי זעיר׳/‘wait a little for me’) to introduce further speech about God's acts—direct verbal/structural echo within Elihu's speeches.
  • Job 33:32 (thematic): Elihu asks to be heard and for silence so he may speak (׳if they be not profitable, hearken unto me: keep silence, and I shall speak׳) — similar appeal for attention before unfolding words about God.
  • Job 32:6–7 (structural): Background to Elihu’s speeches: he had withheld speaking out of deference to elders but then resolves to speak. Parallels the move from restraint to offering further words about God.
  • Job 13:3 (thematic): Job declares his intent to argue his case with God and speak to the Almighty. The concern with bringing words before God and discussing God’s ways parallels the claim in 36:2 of having more to say about God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • "Bear with me a little, and I will show you; for I have yet more to speak on God's behalf.
  • Bear with me a little, and I will show thee that I have yet somewhat to speak on God's behalf.
3 I will bring my knowledge from afar and ascribe righteousness to my Maker.

Job.36.3 - Details

Original Text

אשא דעי למרחוק ולפעלי אתן־ צדק׃

Morphology

  • אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • דעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • למרחוק: PREP
  • ולפעלי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 23:3-4 (verbal): Both passages express a desire to seek God and present or argue one's case before him — a direct concern with coming to God to obtain understanding and vindication.
  • Job 31:35-37 (thematic): Job here pleads for someone (ideally God) to hear and answer his case; parallels the theme of seeking knowledge/justice and wishing to have one's cause judged.
  • Isaiah 1:18 (allusion): "Come now, let us reason together" echoes the movement toward disputation and the settling of righteousness that the Job verse implies — invoking dialogue as a means to establish justice.
  • Proverbs 25:2 (thematic): Proverbs links the honour of rulers with searching out matters; this parallels the Job verse's stress on investigating, bringing forth knowledge, and rendering justice (vindicating right).

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will bring my knowledge from afar, and I will ascribe righteousness to my Maker.
  • I will fetch my knowledge from afar, and will ascribe righteousness to my Maker.
4 For truly my words shall not be false; one who is perfect in knowledge is with you.

Job.36.4 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אמנם לא־ שקר מלי תמים דעות עמך׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אמנם: PART
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+1cs
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • דעות: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m

Parallels

  • Proverbs 30:5 (verbal): Affirms the truthfulness/purity of speech—'Every word of God is pure' parallels Elihu's claim 'my words are not false.'
  • Psalm 12:6 (verbal): Declares the Lord's words as pure and trustworthy, echoing the theme that true/divine speech is without falsehood.
  • Job 33:4 (allusion): Elihu elsewhere appeals to divine inspiration ('The Spirit of God has made me'), supporting his assertion that his words are reliable because God/His Spirit is with him.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Portrays God as perfect and faithful in all his ways—parallels the idea that a 'perfect in knowledge' (i.e., God) accompanies the speaker, grounding truth and wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For truly my words are not false; one who is perfect in knowledge is with you.
  • For truly my words shall not be false: he that is perfect in knowledge is with thee.
5 Behold, God is mighty, and would not despise any; He is mighty in strength of heart.

Job.36.5 - Details

Original Text

הן־ אל כביר ולא ימאס כביר כח לב׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • אל: NEG
  • כביר: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ימאס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כביר: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 9:4 (verbal): Similar wording: God is described as wise/mighty—“He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength,” echoing ‘mighty’ and ‘strength/understanding.’
  • Job 12:13 (verbal): Speaks of God’s wisdom and strength—“With him are wisdom and strength; he has counsel and understanding,” paralleling the theme of God’s mighty understanding.
  • Psalm 147:5 (verbal): Affirms God’s greatness and incomprehensible understanding—“Great is our Lord… his understanding is infinite,” echoing ‘mighty in understanding.’
  • Isaiah 40:28 (thematic): Depicts God as everlasting, mighty, and possessing unsearchable understanding—parallels the combined themes of God’s power and profound wisdom.
  • Psalm 145:9 (thematic): Affirms God’s goodness to all—“The LORD is good to all,” which corresponds to Job 36:5’s assertion that God ‘does not despise any.’

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, God is mighty, yet does not despise any; he is mighty in strength of understanding.
  • Behold, God is mighty, and despiseth not any: he is mighty in strength of understanding.
6 He does not allow the wicked to go unpunished, but gives the righteous their due.

Job.36.6 - Details

Original Text

לא־ יחיה רשע ומשפט עניים יתן׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יחיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומשפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עניים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 146:7-9 (thematic): Describes God as executing justice for the oppressed and providing for the needy—parallel to Job’s claim that God gives justice to the afflicted.
  • Psalm 37:28 (verbal): Affirms that the LORD loves justice and will cut off the wicked—resonates with Job’s statement that God does not keep the wicked alive.
  • Psalm 82:3-4 (verbal): Commands giving justice to the weak and oppressed and rescuing the needy—close verbal/thematic correspondence to ‘judgment for the needy’ in Job 36:6.
  • Psalm 12:5 (thematic): God responds to the exploitation of the poor—‘I will arise’ to help the needy—echoes the theme that God vindicates the afflicted and rights wrongs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He does not preserve the wicked; he gives justice to the afflicted.
  • He preserveth not the life of the wicked: but giveth the right to the poor.
7 He does not take His eyes away from the righteous, and He sets them upon the throne with kings forever, and they are exalted.

Job.36.7 - Details

Original Text

לא־ יגרע מצדיק עיניו ואת־ מלכים לכסא וישיבם לנצח ויגבהו׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יגרע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מצדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • ואת: CONJ
  • מלכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לכסא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • וישיבם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויגבהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 75:6-7 (verbal): Speaks of God as judge who ‘puts down one and lifts up another,’ echoing the theme that God raises and exalts the righteous.
  • 1 Samuel 2:8 (verbal): Hannah’s song: God ‘raises the poor from the dust… to set them among princes,’ using near-identical imagery of lifting low people into positions of honor.
  • Psalm 113:7-8 (verbal): Declares that God ‘raises the poor out of the dust… and makes them to sit with princes,’ closely paralleling the language of exaltation and placement among rulers.
  • Daniel 2:21 (structural): Affirms God’s sovereign action in removing and setting up kings—structurally parallel to the idea that God appoints and establishes rulers.
  • Psalm 89:36-37 (thematic): Speaks of a king’s seed and throne being established forever, reflecting the motif of God establishing rulership and exalting those he favors for eternity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will not withdraw his eyes from the righteous; he sets kings on thrones forever, and they are exalted.
  • He withdraweth not his eyes from the righteous: but with kings upon the throne he setteth them for ever, and they are exalted.
8 But if they are bound in chains and held in cords of affliction,

Job.36.8 - Details

Original Text

ואם־ אסורים בזקים ילכדון בחבלי־ עני׃

Morphology

  • ואם: CONJ
  • אסורים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בזקים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ילכדון: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • בחבלי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • עני: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 107:10 (verbal): Uses the same idea and language of being 'bound in affliction' or 'held in chains'—the imagery of people caught in cords of distress echoes Job’s 'caught in the cords of affliction.'
  • Proverbs 5:22 (verbal): Speaks of the wicked being held by the cords of their own sins—similar metaphor of people ensnared by binding cords that trap and hold them fast.
  • Psalm 119:61 (verbal): Refers to 'the cords of the wicked' (חבלי רשעים) surrounding the psalmist—shares the technical term חבלים (cords) and the motif of being ensnared.
  • Lamentations 3:7 (thematic): Describes God hedging the speaker in and making his chains heavy—the theme of constrained, bound suffering parallels Job’s image of being caught in cords of affliction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And if they are bound in chains, they are led away in cords of affliction.
  • And if they be bound in chains, and taken in the cords of affliction;
9 then He tells them the work of their hands and their transgressions, because they turn from Him.

Job.36.9 - Details

Original Text

ויגד להם פעלם ופשעיהם כי יתגברו׃

Morphology

  • ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • פעלם: NOUN,m,sg,suff:3,m,pl
  • ופשעיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,suff:3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • יתגברו: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Luke 12:2-3 (verbal): ’There is nothing covered that shall not be revealed...’ — explicitly states the principle that hidden words/deeds will be exposed, paralleling Job 36:9’s claim that God makes people's works and sins known.
  • Hebrews 4:13 (thematic): ’Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight’ — emphasizes God’s full knowledge and the disclosure of human hearts and deeds, echoing the theme of God revealing sin in Job 36:9.
  • Psalm 90:8 (verbal): ’You have set our iniquities before you...’ — uses very similar language about God placing sins before himself, aligning closely with Job 36:9’s idea of God making transgressions known.
  • Proverbs 28:13 (thematic): ’Whoever conceals his transgressions will not prosper, but he who confesses and forsakes them will obtain mercy’ — relates to the purpose behind exposure in Job 36:9: sins are made known to prompt repentance and avert pride.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He reveals to them their work and their transgressions, that they may return from pride.
  • Then he showeth them their work, and their transgressions that they have exceeded.
10 He opens their ears to discipline and commands that they return from iniquity.

Job.36.10 - Details

Original Text

ויגל אזנם למוסר ויאמר כי־ ישבון מאון׃

Morphology

  • ויגל: VERB,qal,wayyiq,3,m,sg
  • אזנם: NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • למוסר: PREP
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • ישבון: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • מאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 33:16-17 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel within Job: God 'openeth the ear' to instruction so that a person may turn from his purpose/pride—echoes 'open their ear to discipline' and turning from iniquity.
  • Isaiah 50:4 (verbal): God/ the Lord 'wakes' or 'opens' the ear to hear instruction (the Servant is given an ear to hear), a similar image of divine opening of the ear for teaching.
  • Proverbs 1:23 (thematic): Call to 'turn' at reproof and accept instruction—parallels the command to return from wrongdoing after receiving correction.
  • Ezekiel 18:30-31 (thematic): A direct summons to 'repent and turn yourselves from all your transgressions'—the same ethical outcome urged when God sends discipline.
  • Job 5:17 (thematic): Affirms the blessing of God's correction ('blessed is the man whom God correcteth'), linking divine chastening with moral restoration as in 36:10.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He opens their ears to instruction and commands that they return from iniquity.
  • He openeth their ear to correction, and commandeth that they return from iniquity.
11 If they will listen and serve Him, they shall spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures.

Job.36.11 - Details

Original Text

אם־ ישמעו ויעבדו יכלו ימיהם בטוב ושניהם בנעימים׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • ישמעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,mp
  • ויעבדו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • יכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ימיהם: NOUN,m,pl,cons,3,m,pl
  • בטוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • בנעימים: PREP+ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 30:16 (thematic): Links obedience to God with life and prosperity — if the people obey/serve God they will live and prosper, echoing Job 36:11’s cause-effect between hearing/serving and good days.
  • Isaiah 1:19 (verbal): Uses the same conditional pattern ('if you are willing and obedient') and promises enjoyment of the land’s good — a close verbal and thematic parallel to 'if they hear and serve... their days in goodness.'
  • Proverbs 3:1-2 (verbal): Promises length of days and years of life and peace for keeping instruction — language and promise of long, pleasant life echo Job 36:11’s reward for hearing and serving.
  • Proverbs 8:32-35 (thematic): Wisdom speaks of those who listen and keep watch as finding life and favor from the Lord; parallels Job’s link between hearing/serving God and receiving blessed days/years.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If they will obey and serve him, they shall spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures.
  • If they will hearken and serve him, they shall spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures.
12 But if they do not listen, they shall perish by the sword and die without knowledge.

Job.36.12 - Details

Original Text

ואם־ לא ישמעו בשלח יעברו ויגועו כבלי־ דעת׃

Morphology

  • ואם: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישמעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,mp
  • בשלח: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יעברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויגועו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כבלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Hosea 4:6 (verbal): God says his people are destroyed/stricken for lack of knowledge — closely echoes 'ויגועו ... כבלי־דעת' (perish/die for lack of understanding).
  • Proverbs 1:24-33 (thematic): Wisdom warns that those who refuse instruction will face sudden calamity; parallels Job's theme that not heeding brings death or destruction.
  • Proverbs 29:1 (thematic): 'He that being often reproved hardeneth his neck shall suddenly be destroyed' — echoes the consequence of refusing to listen or obey.
  • Jeremiah 7:24 (verbal): 'But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear... therefore I will do the thing' — similar language of not obeying God's word and suffering judgment.
  • Luke 13:3 (thematic): Jesus' warning 'Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish' parallels the NT expression of the same causal link between refusal/unchange and perishing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But if they disobey and depart, they perish by the sword and die without knowledge.
  • But if they will not hearken, they shall perish by the sword, and die without knowledge.
13 Those whose heart is haughty—He takes no delight in them; they shall not be rescued.

Job.36.13 - Details

Original Text

וחנפי־ לב ישימו אף לא ישועו כי אסרם׃

Morphology

  • וחנפי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישימו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אף: ADV
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישועו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • אסרם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 81:12 (thematic): God 'gave them over' to their stubborn heart (נתתי אותם ללבם), echoing the idea that a perverse/stubborn heart leads to being left without deliverance.
  • Proverbs 1:24-28 (thematic): Wisdom is rejected and later those who refused call for help but will not be saved — parallels the refusal of aid and consequences for a perversely set heart.
  • Romans 1:24 (thematic): Paul’s formula 'God gave them up' (ἔδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός) expresses the same theological motif: persistence in sin results in being yielded over and not being rescued.
  • Psalm 66:18 (verbal): 'If I regard iniquity in my heart, the LORD will not hear' — links inner perversity/ungodliness of the heart with the withholding of deliverance, close in sense to Job 36:13.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The hypocrites in heart store up wrath; they do not cry for help when he binds them.
  • But the hypocrites in heart heap up wrath: they cry not when he bindeth them.
14 They die in youth, their life perishes among the impure.

Job.36.14 - Details

Original Text

תמת בנער נפשם וחיתם בקדשים׃

Morphology

  • תמת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בנער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפשם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • וחיתם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • בקדשים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 10:27 (verbal): Proverbs states that 'the fear of the LORD prolongs life, but the years of the wicked will be shortened,' paralleling Job 36:14's claim that certain lives are cut off (die young).
  • Psalm 37:20 (thematic): Psalm 37 speaks of the fate of the wicked—perishing and vanishing—which parallels the theme of premature death and the end of life depicted in Job 36:14.
  • Isaiah 57:1-2 (allusion): Isaiah observes that the righteous may perish and be taken to rest ('enter into peace')—a related motif to Job 36:14's language about life perishing and mention of 'the holy,' linking death and consecrated company.
  • Job 21:7-16 (structural): Within Job's own speeches, Job challenges the simplistic retribution scheme by noting the apparently long and prosperous lives of the wicked; this directly contrasts Elihu's assertion in 36:14 that some are cut off in youth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Their soul dies in youth; their life among the unclean is cut off.
  • They die in youth, and their life perish among the unclean.
15 He delivers the afflicted by their affliction, and opens their ear by oppression.

Job.36.15 - Details

Original Text

יחלץ עני בעניו ויגל בלחץ אזנם׃

Morphology

  • יחלץ: VERB,hiphil,imperf,3,m,sg
  • עני: ADJ,m,sg
  • בעניו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויגל: VERB,qal,wayyiq,3,m,sg
  • בלחץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אזנם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 72:12-14 (verbal): Speaks of God delivering the needy and rescuing the afflicted from oppression and violence—language closely paralleling Job 36:15’s deliverance of the poor in affliction.
  • Psalm 146:7-9 (thematic): Affirms that God executes justice for the oppressed, gives for the hungry, and sets the prisoners free—echoing Job’s theme of divine rescue and relief for the afflicted.
  • Isaiah 61:1 (allusion): Proclaims the freeing of the oppressed and comfort for the brokenhearted—a prophetic expression of the same divine mission to rescue and release the afflicted found in Job 36:15.
  • Psalm 9:9-10 (thematic): Declares the LORD as a refuge for the oppressed in times of trouble; thematically aligns with Job’s emphasis on God’s protection and deliverance of the poor in distress.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He delivers the afflicted by their affliction and opens their ear in time of oppression.
  • He delivereth the poor in his affliction, and openeth their ears in oppression.
16 He also turns you from the mouth of distress into a broad place where there is no weariness, and in that place the hunger is satisfied.

Job.36.16 - Details

Original Text

ואף הסיתך ׀ מפי־ צר רחב לא־ מוצק תחתיה ונחת שלחנך מלא דשן׃

Morphology

  • ואף: CONJ+ADV
  • הסיתך: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg,obj-2ms
  • מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רחב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • מוצק: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • תחתיה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • ונחת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שלחנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מלא: ADJ,m,sg
  • דשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:19 (verbal): Uses the same image of being brought out 'into a broad place' (Heb. מקום רב) — rescue from distress into spacious safety, closely paralleling Job 36:16’s move 'from the mouth of distress to broadness.'
  • Psalm 31:8 (verbal): 'You have set my feet in a broad place' echoes Job’s language of deliverance to a broad place; both passages use the same concise verbal motif of being placed in spacious safety.
  • Isaiah 54:2–3 (thematic): Calls for enlarging the tent and spreading out after hardship — thematically similar to the shift from confinement/distress to enlargement and security found in Job 36:16.
  • Psalm 23:5 (thematic): Imagery of blessing and abundance ('my cup overflows'; a table prepared, anointing) corresponds to Job 36:16’s final image of being 'set down full of fatness' — divine provision and satisfaction after deliverance.
  • Job 42:10 (thematic): The book’s conclusion of restoration and increased prosperity ('the LORD restored the fortunes of Job... and gave him twice as much') parallels Job 36:16’s movement from distress to abundance as part of divine rescue and blessing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He also delivers you from distress into a broad place where there is no firm restraint; and you are fed with the finest of the wheat."
  • Even so he would have delivered thee from the falling blow, and it should have caused the comfort of thy life to be great.
17 But your pride teaches you lies; for your hands were made strong by mischief.

Job.36.17 - Details

Original Text

ודין־ רשע מלאת דין ומשפט יתמכו׃

Morphology

  • ודין: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלאת: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • דין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומשפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יתמכו: VERB,hitpael,imprf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 37:9-10 (thematic): Both passages portray the ultimate downfall of the wicked/the powerful under divine justice—those who prosper now will be cut off and perish.
  • Proverbs 11:8 (verbal): A wisdom-proverb contrast between the fate of the righteous and the wicked: the righteous are delivered while the wicked are brought low, echoing Job’s theme of the guilty being humbled.
  • Psalm 73:18-19 (thematic): Speaks of the arrogant being set in slippery places and suddenly destroyed—similar imagery of the mighty being humbled and losing their standing before God’s judgment.
  • Psalm 75:7 (thematic): Affirms that God executes judgment by putting down the proud and lifting up others; parallels Job’s assertion that the wicked/powerful will be brought low by divine sentence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But beware, lest pride turn you back; do not let the greatness of your strength make you vain.
  • Therefore hearken unto me, O ye men of understanding: far be it from God that he should do wickedness; and from the Almighty that he should commit iniquity.
18 Beware lest pride cause you to be entangled, lest the harness of your pride be loosened.

Job.36.18 - Details

Original Text

כי־ חמה פן־ יסיתך בספק ורב־ כפר אל־ יטך׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • פן: CONJ
  • יסיתך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בספק: PREP
  • ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • כפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יטך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 76:7 (verbal): Expresses the same thought in near-identical language: none can stand in God's presence when he is angry — a close verbal parallel to Job's warning about divine wrath.
  • Nahum 1:6 (verbal): Speaks of who can stand before God's indignation and abide the fierceness of his anger, echoing the imagery and wording of Job 36:18.
  • Joel 2:11 (thematic): Describes the terror of the day of the LORD and asks who can abide it — a thematic parallel focusing on the inability to endure God's wrath.
  • Psalm 2:12 (thematic): Advises to appease the Lord lest he become angry and one perish — a cautionary admonition similar to Job's warning about the peril of incurring divine wrath.
  • Romans 1:18 (thematic): New Testament statement that God's wrath is revealed against ungodliness and unrighteousness — a theological parallel concerning the reality and consequences of divine wrath.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do not let wrath cause you to sin; for wrath rests in the bosom of fools.
  • For men do not set affliction in order that they may be thoroughly roused; and if thou be lifted up in pride, beware lest wrath take thee away.
19 Be mindful of the battle of your strength, for miseries are ready at hand.

Job.36.19 - Details

Original Text

היערך שועך לא בצר וכל מאמצי־ כח׃

Morphology

  • היערך: VERB,hith,perf,3,m,sg
  • שועך: NOUN,f,sg,cons,2ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בצר: PREP
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • מאמצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 5:18-19 (verbal): Speaks of God wounding and binding up—close verbal and thematic parallel about God as the agent who inflicts and can also heal the sufferer.
  • Job 33:19-24 (thematic): Elihu (earlier in the book) describes God chastening by pains and afflictions with a remedial purpose; echoes the theme of divine-inflicted suffering in 36:19.
  • Psalm 18:13-15 (thematic): Describes the LORD acting through storm and upheaval (thunder, earthquakes) to smite enemies—parallels the image of being broken by a tempest.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Portrays God’s way in the whirlwind and storm and his power to punish; similar motif of God using tempest as instrument of judgment.
  • Deuteronomy 32:39-41 (structural): God declares his sovereign power to bring calamity and wield weapons against foes—structurally parallels the notion of God inflicting wounds/calamity on human beings.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do not desire the night when peoples are cut off in their place.
  • Surely it is meet to say unto God, 'I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more:'
20 Do not be eager to bring on the night, the people who cause trouble to rise up.

Job.36.20 - Details

Original Text

אל־ תשאף הלילה לעלות עמים תחתם׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • תשאף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
  • עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
  • תחתם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Amos 5:18 (verbal): Shares the motif and near-verbal irony about longing for a time of judgment—'do not long for the day/night'—where what is desired becomes darkness and disaster.
  • Proverbs 24:20 (thematic): Warns against envying or desiring the fate of the wicked; imagery of the wicked's lamp being 'put out' parallels being 'cut off' and the association of calamity with darkness.
  • Psalm 37:1 (thematic): Similar admonition not to fret or desire the apparent success or moment of downfall of others; both verses counsel against craving the time when people are destroyed.
  • Job 24:17 (structural): Within Job's corpus a related motif appears: the sudden bringing low of the proud and their being brought into darkness—echoing the image of peoples being 'cut off' in their place and nocturnal calamity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Beware: do not turn to iniquity, for this is your chosen portion from the hand of the mighty.
  • Hear counsel, and afterward die not; when thou hast softened thy countenance, let not sin have dominion.
21 Take care; do not turn to iniquity, for this is why you were chosen from among the people.

Job.36.21 - Details

Original Text

השמר אל־ תפן אל־ און כי־ על־ זה בחרת מעני׃

Morphology

  • השמר: VERB,hitpael,imperat,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תפן: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • און: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • על: PREP
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • בחרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • מעני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 4:14-15 (verbal): A direct warning not to enter the way of the wicked or turn aside — parallels Job's admonition to 'beware, do not turn to iniquity.'
  • Proverbs 3:7 (thematic): Commands humility and avoiding evil ('be not wise in thine own eyes... depart from evil'), echoing the call to shun iniquity.
  • Psalm 1:1 (thematic): Blessed is the one who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked — thematically similar counsel to refrain from turning to wrongdoing.
  • Psalm 34:14 (verbal): 'Depart from evil, and do good' matches the imperative to turn away from iniquity and choose the right path.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, God is exalted in his power; who is a teacher like him?
  • Take heed, regard not iniquity: for this hast thou chosen rather than sorrow.
22 Behold, God is exalted in His power; who is a teacher like Him?

Job.36.22 - Details

Original Text

הן־ אל ישגיב בכחו מי כמהו מורה׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • אל: NEG
  • ישגיב: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • בכחו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • כמהו: PRT+PRON,3,ms
  • מורה: VERB,qal,ptcp,NA,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 15:11 (verbal): Rhetorical question ‘Who is like you?’—praises God’s uniqueness and might, echoing Job’s ‘who is like him’.
  • Psalm 89:8 (verbal): Asks who is like the LORD among the mighty—directly parallels the motif of God’s incomparable power.
  • Isaiah 40:25 (allusion): God challenges comparisons (‘To whom then will you liken me?’), matching Job’s emphasis that none equals God.
  • Job 9:4 (verbal): Within Job: affirms God’s wisdom and might (‘He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength’), closely echoing the same attributes.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Declares God’s greatness and infinite understanding—thematically parallels Job’s assertion of God’s unmatched power and wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who has understood his way and declared his works?
  • Behold, God is mighty, and despiseth not any: he is mighty in strength of understanding.
23 Who has appointed Him a way, and who has said, ‘You have done wrong’?

Job.36.23 - Details

Original Text

מי־ פקד עליו דרכו ומי־ אמר פעלת עולה׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • דרכו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פעלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • עולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:13 (structural): Rhetorical question about who can direct or instruct God ('Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD?'), mirroring the verse's interrogative about who appoints or judges a course.
  • Job 40:2 (verbal): Directly challenges human presumption to dispute with the Almighty ('Shall he that contendeth with the Almighty instruct him?'), paralleling the theme of who has authority to accuse or set a way for another.
  • Proverbs 20:24 (thematic): States that a man's steps are ordained by the LORD ('Man's steps are from the LORD'), which contrasts with and illuminates the question 'Who appointed his way?'
  • Jeremiah 10:23 (thematic): Affirms that the way of man is not in himself ('O LORD, I know that the way of man is not in himself'), echoing the idea that humans do not determine their own path posed by the verse.
  • Job 34:12 (allusion): Asserts that God does not act wickedly and cannot be charged with injustice ('Of a truth, God will not do wickedly'), connecting to the verse's motif of asking who has declared another's actions wrong.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember to magnify his work, which men have praised in song.
  • Who hath instructed him, and who can say unto him, 'Thou hast wrought iniquity'?
24 Remember to magnify His work, which men have sung.

Job.36.24 - Details

Original Text

זכר כי־ תשגיא פעלו אשר שררו אנשים׃

Morphology

  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • תשגיא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms,sg
  • פעלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שררו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 77:11 (verbal): Both verses use the verb 'remember' (זָכַר) and call to recall/meditate on the LORD’s works and wonders of old.
  • Psalm 111:4 (verbal): Speaks of God’s wonderful works being caused to be remembered—parallel emphasis on recalling and commending God’s deeds.
  • Psalm 105:5 (verbal): Commands remembrance of the LORD’s wondrous works and judgments; closely parallels the injunction to remember and praise God’s acts.
  • Psalm 145:4 (thematic): Focuses on declaring and praising God’s works from one generation to another—thematically parallels exhortation to exalt and speak of God’s deeds that men commend.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Everyone sees him; men observe him from afar.
  • Remember to magnify his work, which men behold.
25 Everyone looks upon Him; human beings behold Him from afar.

Job.36.25 - Details

Original Text

כל־ אדם חזו־ בו אנוש יביט מרחוק׃

Morphology

  • כל: DET
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חזו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יביט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מרחוק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 33:13-14 (verbal): Both passages describe the heavenly perspective on humanity—Psalm 33 says Yahweh looks from heaven and beholds all the sons of men, echoing the imagery of sight and distance in Job 36:25.
  • Job 42:5 (thematic): Job contrasts prior hearing about God with now seeing him; this addresses the theme of human perception of God and the tension between proximity and remoteness found in Job 36:25.
  • Isaiah 64:4 (thematic): Isaiah asserts that no eye has seen a God besides Yahweh, emphasizing divine transcendence and the gap between God and humans—a thematic counterpoint to Job's remark that a mortal looks on from afar.
  • 1 Timothy 6:16 (allusion): The New Testament affirms that God 'dwells in unapproachable light' and that no one has seen him—an early-Christian articulation of the same theme of God's transcendence and human remoteness found in Job 36:25.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, God is great, and we know him not; the number of his years is unsearchable.
  • Every man may see it; man may behold it afar off.
26 Behold, God is great, and we do not know Him; the number of His years is unsearchable.

Job.36.26 - Details

Original Text

הן־ אל שגיא ולא נדע מספר שניו ולא־ חקר׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • אל: NEG
  • שגיא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נדע: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • שניו: NOUN,f,pl,poss3,m,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • חקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:28 (verbal): Speaks of God's greatness and unsearchable understanding ('hast thou not known...the LORD the everlasting God')—close verbal and thematic affinity about God's incomprehensible nature.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Declares God's greatness and infinite understanding ('Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is infinite'), echoing Job's emphasis on God's magnitude and inscrutability.
  • Romans 11:33 (allusion): Paul's doxology ('O the depth of the riches...how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out') echoes the Old Testament theme of God's unfathomable wisdom found in Job 36:26.
  • Job 11:7 (verbal): Another Job passage that poses the rhetorical question whether humans can search out God ('Canst thou by searching find out God?'), directly paralleling the idea that God's measures are not to be probed.
  • Psalm 139:6 (thematic): Expresses human inability to grasp God's knowledge ('Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it'), resonating with Job's claim that God's greatness and number of years are beyond inquiry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For he draws up the drops of water; they distill in rain from his vapor,
  • Behold, God is great, and we know him not, neither can the number of his years be searched out.
27 For He draws up the drops of water, which distill as rain from His vapor,

Job.36.27 - Details

Original Text

כי יגרע נטפי־ מים יזקו מטר לאדו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • יגרע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נטפי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יזקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • מטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאדו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m

Parallels

  • Job 26:8 (verbal): Both verses emphasize God’s control of the waters and clouds—Job 26:8 speaks of him binding the waters in thick clouds, resonating with drawing up drops that become rain.
  • Job 38:25-27 (thematic): In God’s challenge to Job, he describes arranging channels and purposes for rain—paralleling the depiction of God causing drops to rise and distill as rain.
  • Psalm 104:13 (thematic): Psalm 104 attributes the watering of hills and provision of rain to God’s activity, echoing the theme of divine control over precipitation and nourishment of the earth.
  • Psalm 135:7 (verbal): This psalm says God ‘causes the clouds to rise’ (and provides rain), a close verbal/thematic parallel to the image of God drawing up drops that distill into rain.

Alternative generated candidates

  • which the skies pour down and drop upon man abundantly.
  • For he maketh small the drops of water: they pour down rain according to the vapour thereof.
28 which the skies pour down and drop upon mankind in abundance.

Job.36.28 - Details

Original Text

אשר־ יזלו שחקים ירעפו עלי ׀ אדם רב׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • יזלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ירעפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רב: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 55:10 (thematic): Uses the image of rain and snow coming down from heaven to water the earth and accomplish life–giving purposes, similar to Job's picture of clouds pouring/dripping over many people.
  • Psalm 147:8 (verbal): Speaks of God covering the heavens with clouds and providing rain for the earth; closely parallels Job's cloud-and-rain imagery linking the heavens' outflow to provision for people.
  • Job 38:25-27 (allusion): Part of God's discourse about who controls the channels of rain and its purpose for the earth—echoes Job 36:28's focus on clouds releasing water over many and underscores divine sovereignty over precipitation.
  • Deuteronomy 32:2 (thematic): Portrays instruction/word as falling like rain and dew on the people, using the same abundant, life-giving rain imagery to describe blessing poured out broadly upon the community.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yes, can anyone understand the spreadings of the clouds, the thunderings of his pavilion?
  • Also the clouds pour out water, and the skies send drops abundantly.
29 Can anyone understand the spreading of the clouds, the thunderings of His pavilion?

Job.36.29 - Details

Original Text

אף אם־ יבין מפרשי־ עב תשאות סכתו׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • אם: CONJ
  • יבין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מפרשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • עב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תשאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • סכתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m

Parallels

  • Job 9:12 (verbal): Both verses stress human inability to resist or question God’s actions—rhetorical questions about who can oppose or ask God ‘What are you doing?’.
  • Job 40:2 (thematic): A direct challenge about the futility of contending with the Almighty; echoes the theme that humans cannot successfully accuse or restrain God.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Condemns disputing the Creator’s ways—parallels the judgmental question about who can answer or challenge God’s sovereign decisions.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): New Testament echo of the same principle—no human may reply to or question God’s will, reflecting the Old Testament motif of divine inscrutability.
  • Psalm 115:3 (structural): Affirms God’s sovereign freedom to act (‘He does whatever he pleases’), paralleling Job’s emphasis that when God acts (gives quiet or hides his face) humans cannot control or condemn it.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he spreads his lightning about him and covers the depths of the sea.
  • If they declare their substance, he that will come to them shall find them;
30 Behold, He spreads His lightning about and covers the roots of the sea.

Job.36.30 - Details

Original Text

הן־ פרש עליו אורו ושרשי הים כסה׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • פרש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • אורו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ושרשי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • כסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 26:10 (verbal): Both verses depict God ordering the waters and light together—26:10 speaks of a circle inscribed on the face of the waters at the boundary between light and darkness, echoing the motif of God spreading light over/around the sea.
  • Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): Psalm 104 pictures God covering the earth with the deep like a garment and setting limits for the waters—closely parallel imagery to 'covering the roots/bottom of the sea' and God’s control over the depths.
  • Job 38:8-11 (thematic): In God’s speech He describes shutting up the sea with doors and prescribing its limits ('Thus far shall you come'), paralleling the theme of divine sovereignty over the sea’s depths referenced in 36:30.
  • Job 26:12-13 (thematic): These verses attribute to God the taming of the sea and subduing chaotic waters—a related theme to 36:30’s image of God covering or controlling the sea’s roots/bottom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • By these he judges peoples; he gives food in abundance.
  • But he putteth in the clouds his light, and covereth the bottom of the sea.
31 For by these He judges peoples; He gives food in abundance.

Job.36.31 - Details

Original Text

כי־ בם ידין עמים יתן־ אכל למכביר׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ידין: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • למכביר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 72:6-16 (thematic): Connects divine rule/judgment over peoples with prosperity for the land and abundant provision under the king’s justice—echoing 'he judges the nations; he gives food in abundance.'
  • Psalm 145:15-16 (verbal): Directly parallels the language of divine provision: 'The eyes of all look to you... you give them their food in due season; you open your hand and satisfy' (closely mirrors 'gives food in abundance').
  • Deuteronomy 8:7-10 (thematic): Describes the land God gives as flowing with abundant food as a sign of his blessing and covenantal judgment—paralleling the idea that God provides plentiful sustenance to nations/peoples.
  • Amos 9:13-15 (thematic): Promises large-scale restoration and agricultural abundance as the outcome of God's action/judgment—echoing the link between divine sovereignty over nations and plentiful provision.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He covers his hands with light and commands it to strike the mark.
  • For by them judgeth he the people; he giveth meat in abundance.
32 He covers His hands with the lightning and commands it to strike the mark.

Job.36.32 - Details

Original Text

על־ כפים כסה־ אור ויצו עליה במפגיע׃

Morphology

  • על: PREP
  • כפים: NOUN,f,du,abs
  • כסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
  • במפגיע: PREP+PTCP,pres,act,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:2 (verbal): Both texts use the imagery of God ‘covering’ or ‘clothing’ with light—God’s control and majestic use of light as a garment.
  • Genesis 1:3 (structural): God’s sovereign command brings light into being (‘And God said, “Let there be light”’)—parallels the motif of God issuing commands over light.
  • Isaiah 45:7 (thematic): Affirms God’s lordship over light and darkness (‘I form light and create darkness’), echoing divine control over luminous phenomena.
  • Job 38:12-15 (verbal): God challenges Job about commanding the morning and ordering the light—similar language of divine command and regulation of light.
  • Job 26:10 (thematic): Within Job itself, this verse depicts God setting boundaries between light and darkness, related to the theme of divine governance of light.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Its noise tells of him; the cattle also declare that he rises up.
  • With clouds he covereth the light; and commandeth it not to shine by the cloud that cometh betwixt.
33 Surely this is strange in my eyes; the majesty of it shall not be forgotten."

Job.36.33 - Details

Original Text

יגיד עליו רעו מקנה אף על־ עולה׃

Morphology

  • יגיד: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • רעו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אף: ADV
  • על: PREP
  • עולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 41:9 (thematic): A close companion or friend becomes an adversary—the theme of betrayal by one’s associate echoes the idea of a friend reporting or turning against a sufferer.
  • Psalm 55:12-14 (thematic): Speaks of the pain when a familiar friend and companion betrays and opposes the speaker—parallels the shock and hurt of a friend’s hostile report.
  • Job 19:19 (structural): Job laments that all his friends abhor him and stand afar off; structurally parallel in the book’s portrayal of friends as sources of accusation or abandonment.
  • Job 16:2 (verbal): Job responds to his friends as 'miserable comforters'—a recurrent motif in which friends’ speech harms rather than helps, resonating with the notion of a friend reporting against him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He showeth the path of his light, and the thunder of his voice who maketh it known.
1 At this also my heart trembles and leaps out of its place.

Job.37.1 - Details

Original Text

אף־ לזאת יחרד לבי ויתר ממקומו׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • לזאת: PREP+DEM,f,sg
  • יחרד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ממקומו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 55:5 (verbal): Uses the same idiom of fear and trembling overwhelming the speaker (’fearfulness and trembling are come upon me’), paralleling Job 37:1’s ‘my heart trembles’.
  • Isaiah 21:4 (verbal): ‘My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me’ (Hebrew idiom of the heart violently reacting to terror), closely resembling the language and emotion of Job 37:1.
  • Job 4:14-15 (thematic): An earlier passage in Job describing a terrifying vision—physical reactions (hair standing up, fear) mirror the bodily/heart trembling before a divine/terrifying revelation.
  • Hebrews 12:21 (allusion): Quotes the tradition of Moses’ reaction (‘I exceedingly fear and quake’) and elsewhere depicts trembling before God; parallels Job 37:1’s theme of trembling in the presence or thought of the divine.

Alternative generated candidates

  • By this my heart trembles and is moved out of its place.
  • Moreover, at this also my heart trembleth, and is moved out of his place.
2 Hear attentively the thunder of His voice and the rumbling that comes from His mouth.

Job.37.2 - Details

Original Text

שמעו שמוע ברגז קלו והגה מפיו יצא׃

Morphology

  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • שמוע: VERB,qal,infc
  • ברגז: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • והגה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מפיו: PREP+NOUN+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 29:3-9 (verbal): Repeated thunderous imagery: 'The voice of the LORD is upon the waters' and multiple refrains about the LORD's voice breaking cedars — closely parallels Job's focus on the sound/voice issuing from God's mouth.
  • Exodus 19:16-19 (structural): Narrative scene of thunder, lightning and a powerful divine voice out of the fire on Sinai; parallels Job's depiction of God speaking with a mighty audible presence that frightens listeners.
  • Deuteronomy 5:23-26 (thematic): Israel's report of hearing God's voice from the fire and being terrified mirrors Job's emphasis on the overwhelming, awe‑inspiring sound that issues from God's mouth.
  • Psalm 18:13 (cf. 2 Samuel 22:14) (verbal): Description of the LORD thundering from heaven and uttering his voice parallels Job's language about the powerful sound that comes from God's mouth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hear attentively the thunder of his voice and the rumbling that goes out of his mouth.
  • Hear attentively the noise of his voice, and the sound that goeth out of his mouth.
3 He thunders under the whole heaven and His lightning to the ends of the earth.

Job.37.3 - Details

Original Text

תחת־ כל־ השמים ישרהו ואורו על־ כנפות הארץ׃

Morphology

  • תחת: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ישרהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ואורו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,pronom3ms
  • על: PREP
  • כנפות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Job 26:7 (thematic): Both verses portray God’s sovereign control over the cosmos — stretching/holding the heavens and the earth, emphasizing divine mastery of ‘heavens’ and the world’s frame.
  • Psalm 135:7 (verbal): Closely parallels imagery of weather reaching the earth’s extremities: “He causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he makes lightnings for the rain,” echoing ‘under all the heavens’ and ‘ends/corners of the earth.’
  • Psalm 104:3 (thematic): Describes God’s presence and activity in clouds and the winds (“He makes the clouds his chariot; he rides on the wings of the wind”), paralleling Job’s depiction of God directing atmospheric phenomena over the earth.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): “The heavens declare the glory of God” connects to Job’s stress on God’s action ‘under all the heavens’—nature as a universal testimony to God’s power across the earth.
  • Isaiah 40:12 (thematic): Isaiah’s cosmological language (“Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand… who has meted out the heavens with a span?”) similarly emphasizes God’s sovereign ordering of heaven and earth, resonating with Job’s cosmic scope.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He unleashes it under the whole heaven, and his lightning to the ends of the earth.
  • He directeth it under the whole heaven, and his light unto the ends of the earth.
4 After it a voice roars; He thunders with the voice of His majestic power, and He does not restrain it when His voice is heard.

Job.37.4 - Details

Original Text

אחריו ׀ ישאג־ קול ירעם בקול גאונו ולא יעקבם כי־ ישמע קולו׃

Morphology

  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • ישאג: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ירעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גאונו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יעקבם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • קולו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 29:3-9 (verbal): Extensive poetic catalog of ‘the voice of the LORD’ thundering over the waters, breaking cedars and flashing fire—parallels Job’s emphasis on God’s roaring/voice and its mighty effects.
  • Amos 1:2 (verbal): “The LORD roars from Zion, and utters his voice from Jerusalem” — a terse, close verbal parallel to Job’s imagery of God’s roar and audible majesty.
  • Amos 3:8 (thematic): “The lion has roared… The Lord GOD has spoken” — uses the motif of God’s roaring/voice as an authoritative, fear‑evoking divine utterance, thematically akin to Job’s verse.
  • 1 Kings 19:11-12 (thematic): God’s presence is associated with wind, earthquake and fire, but then with a ‘still small voice’—provides a thematic contrast to Job’s focus on God’s loud roar and thunder, highlighting different aspects of divine speech.
  • Psalm 18:13 (18:7 Heb.) (verbal): “The LORD also thundered in the heavens; and the Highest uttered his voice” — another poetic depiction of God’s thunderous voice and its cosmic impact, closely echoing Job’s imagery.

Alternative generated candidates

  • After it a voice roars; he thunders with the voice of his majestic strength; he does not restrain the lightnings when his voice is heard.
  • After it a voice roareth: he thundereth with the magnificence of his voice; he will not stay them when his voice is heard.
5 God thunders wondrously with His voice; He does great things which we cannot comprehend.

Job.37.5 - Details

Original Text

ירעם אל בקולו נפלאות עשה גדלות ולא נדע׃

Morphology

  • ירעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • בקולו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • נפלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נדע: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl

Parallels

  • Job 9:10 (verbal): Uses similar language about God doing great/unsearchable things and performing wonders beyond human understanding.
  • Job 26:14 (verbal): Speaks of the 'thunder of his power' and stresses that God's ways are only glimpsed by humans — echoing Job 37:5's emphasis on wondrous deeds beyond comprehension.
  • Psalm 29:3-4 (thematic): Emphasizes the voice and thunder of the Lord and his majestic, awe-inspiring acts — paralleling Job 37:5's image of God's voice producing wondrous deeds.
  • Isaiah 55:8-9 (thematic): Affirms that God's thoughts and ways are higher and different from human understanding, resonating with Job 37:5's theme of divine acts beyond our knowledge.
  • Romans 11:33 (allusion): Paul's doxology on the 'unsearchable' judgments and 'inscrutable' ways of God echoes Job's stress on the greatness and incomprehensibility of God's works.

Alternative generated candidates

  • God thunders wondrously with his voice; he does great things beyond our understanding.
  • God thundereth marvellously with his voice; great things doeth he, which we cannot comprehend.
6 For to snow He says, ‘Fall on the earth’; likewise to the downpour, and the showers of His might.

Job.37.6 - Details

Original Text

כי לשלג ׀ יאמר הוא ארץ וגשם מטר וגשם מטרות עזו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לשלג: PREP+INF,qal
  • יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וגשם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וגשם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מטרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עזו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 36:27-30 (structural): Same Elihu speech—describes how God draws up water, distills it as rain and causes clouds to pour down, closely paralleling the control of snow and rain in 37:6.
  • Isaiah 55:10 (verbal): Uses the paired image of 'rain and snow' coming down from heaven to water the earth—same verbal motif of God sending precipitation to accomplish his purposes.
  • Psalm 147:16-18 (verbal): Speaks of God giving snow like wool and sending his word to melt it, echoing the language and theme of God issuing snow and mighty rains.
  • Psalm 135:7 (thematic): Attributes control of clouds, rain and lightning to God—thematically parallels Job 37:6's emphasis on divine sovereignty over weather.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For to snow he says, 'Fall on the earth,' likewise to the gentle rain and the heavy rain of his strength.
  • For he saith to the snow, 'Be thou on the earth'; likewise to the small rain, and to the great rain of his strength.
7 He seals up the hand of every man, that all men whom He has made may know it.

Job.37.7 - Details

Original Text

ביד־ כל־ אדם יחתום לדעת כל־ אנשי מעשהו׃

Morphology

  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחתום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לדעת: VERB,qal,inf,-,-,-
  • כל: DET
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מעשהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suf3m

Parallels

  • Job 12:9-10 (verbal): Uses the motif of God's hand over human life and affairs—both passages assert that the hand of the LORD controls men so that his workings and judgment are manifest.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Declares that the heavens reveal God's glory and handiwork to all people, paralleling Job’s claim that God’s actions make his power known.
  • Romans 1:20 (thematic): Paul argues that God’s invisible attributes and power are perceived through creation so that people are without excuse—echoing Job’s theme that God’s works make him known to humanity.
  • Proverbs 21:1 (verbal): Speaks of human hearts being in the hand of the LORD, a close verbal and conceptual parallel to Job’s image of God ‘sealing’ or directing the hands of men.
  • Isaiah 40:26 (structural): Calls attention to the heavens and God’s sovereign ordering of creation to display his might—structurally similar to Job’s appeal to natural phenomena as evidence of God’s control and revelation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He seals up the hand of every man, that all men may know his work.
  • He sealeth up the hand of every man; that all men may know his work.
8 The beasts go into their dens, and remain in their stalls.

Job.37.8 - Details

Original Text

ותבא חיה במו־ ארב ובמעונתיה תשכן׃

Morphology

  • ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • חיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • במו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ארב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובמעונתיה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,f
  • תשכן: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:20-22 (verbal): Uses nearly the same imagery and wording: darkness/night and the sun’s rising cause the beasts to withdraw and lie down in their dens/laras — closely parallels Job 37:8’s depiction of animals dwelling in their lairs.
  • Job 38:39 (verbal): In God’s challenge to Job the text speaks of lions 'couching in their dens' and lying in wait in their lairs — a direct parallel in diction and image of animals in dens.
  • Proverbs 30:26 (verbal): Speaks of the conies (rock-dwelling animals) that make their homes in the rocks — a comparable motif of animals inhabiting natural lairs or dens.
  • Job 38:41 (thematic): Discusses God’s provision for wild creatures (ravens seeking food) and more broadly the ordering of animal life — thematically related to the depiction of animals’ habitual places and God’s governance of their ways.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The beasts go into dens and remain in their lairs.
  • The beasts go into dens, and remain in their places.
9 From the chamber of the south comes the whirlwind and cold from the scattering winds.

Job.37.9 - Details

Original Text

מן־ החדר תבוא סופה וממזרים קרה׃

Morphology

  • מן: PREP
  • החדר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • תבוא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • סופה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וממזרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • קרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 38:22-30 (structural): Part of God's speech that, like Elihu's remark in 37:9, treats divine control over snow, ice, and winds—continuing the book's reflection on God regulating weather.
  • Psalm 147:17-18 (verbal): Speaks of God giving snow, scattering frost and sending cold/ice—language and theme closely echoing Job's contrast of a southern whirlwind and cold from the north.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Attributes whirlwinds and storms to the LORD's power ('his way is in the whirlwind and storm'), paralleling Job's image of a whirlwind issuing from the south under divine sovereignty.
  • Psalm 104:3-4 (thematic): Portrays God making clouds his chariot and riding on the wind, reflecting the same motif of God's mastery over winds and stormy weather found in Job 37:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Out of the chamber comes the whirlwind, and cold out of the northern parts.
  • Out of the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold out of the north.
10 By the breath of God frost is given, and the broad waters are frozen.

Job.37.10 - Details

Original Text

מנשמת־ אל יתן־ קרח ורחב מים במוצק׃

Morphology

  • מנשמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • קרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ורחב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • במוצק: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 38:22-30 (thematic): God's control over snow, hail and the storehouses of ice — the passage describes God giving snow and restraining waters, closely paralleling the theme of divine agency in producing ice and freezing waters.
  • Job 38:29 (verbal): A direct verbal parallel: this verse asks rhetorically about the origin of ice and hoary frost, echoing Job 37:10's assertion that ice is given by God's breath.
  • Psalm 147:16-18 (verbal): Speaks of God scattering snow, sending hail and 'sending out his ice' and freezing the waters—language and imagery parallel Job 37:10's attribution of ice and frozen waters to God's action.
  • Psalm 148:8 (thematic): Lists hail, snow and vapour under God's command ('fire and hail, snow and vapour'), reinforcing the motif that God controls wintry elements mentioned in Job 37:10.

Alternative generated candidates

  • By the breath of God ice is given, and the broad waters are frozen.
  • By the breath of God frost is given: and the breadth of the waters is straitened.
11 Also by watering He satisfies the thick growth of the ground; He scatters His bright cloud.

Job.37.11 - Details

Original Text

אף־ ברי יטריח עב יפיץ ענן אורו׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • ברי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יטריח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יפיץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אורו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:3 (thematic): Speaks of God making the clouds his chariot and riding on the wind—parallel idea of divine control over and deployment of clouds.
  • Psalm 147:8 (verbal): Declares that God 'covers the heavens with clouds' and provides rain, closely echoing the image of God spreading or spreading clouds.
  • Psalm 18:11-12 (thematic): Describes thick clouds, darkness, and flashes of light around God’s pavilion—similar imagery of clouds and divine brightness.
  • Jeremiah 10:13 (thematic): Attributes rising vapors, showers, and storms to God’s activity—parallels the theme of God actively producing and spreading clouds and rain.
  • Job 38:22-23 (structural): Part of God’s speech about his control over snow, hail, and stored waters—an intrabiblical parallel emphasizing God’s governance of meteorological phenomena, echoing Job 37’s depiction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Also by the breath of his mouth he causes the cloud to take shape; he scatters his light upon it.
  • Also by watering he wearieth the thick cloud: he scattereth his bright cloud:
12 It is turned around by His guidance that they may do whatever He commands them on the face of the inhabited earth.

Job.37.12 - Details

Original Text

והוא מסבות ׀ מתהפך בתחבולתיו לפעלם כל אשר יצום ׀ על־ פני תבל ארצה׃

Morphology

  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מסבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • מתהפך: VERB,hitpael,pres,3,m,sg
  • בתחבולתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לפעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • יצום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 36:27-33 (verbal): Elihu (earlier in the same speech) describes God drawing up droplets, distilling rain and directing clouds to satisfy the earth—close vocabulary and the same theme of God moving the clouds to accomplish his purposes.
  • Job 38:25-30 (thematic): In God's discourse to Job he asks about arranging channels for rain and supplying the earth with water—another passage that attributes control of clouds, rain and their purpose on the earth to God's sovereign counsel.
  • Psalm 135:7 (verbal): The psalm affirms that God 'makes clouds rise from the ends of the earth' and provides rain—a concise verbal/thematic parallel about God moving clouds and producing rain across the land.
  • Isaiah 55:10 (thematic): Isaiah compares rain and snow that come down from heaven and accomplish God's purposes in the earth to the efficacy of God's word—a thematic parallel emphasizing that weather carries out the divine will.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it is turned round about by his guidance, that they may perform his will, by the commandment that he gives them upon the face of the world.
  • And it is turned round about by his counsels, that they may do whatsoever he commandeth them upon the face of the world in the earth.
13 Whether for correction, or for His world, or for lovingkindness, He causes it to happen.

Job.37.13 - Details

Original Text

אם־ לשבט אם־ לארצו אם־ לחסד ימצאהו׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • לשבט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אם: CONJ
  • לארצו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • לחסד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימצאהו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 36:33 (structural): Immediate context in Elihu’s speech: God opens his hand and satisfies the earth—same argument that God sends weather either to correct, bless the land, or show mercy.
  • Amos 4:7-8 (thematic): God’s withholding and later sending of rain to specific cities—explicit example of God using weather for judgment or to relieve and satisfy a land.
  • Deuteronomy 11:16-17 (thematic): Warning that the LORD will shut the heavens so there is no rain as punishment for disobedience—parallels idea of weather used for correction.
  • Psalm 78:26-29 (thematic): Description of God sending winds and rain to provide grain and satisfy the people—parallels the motif of God sending rain for the land’s good or mercy.
  • 1 Kings 18:41-45 (thematic): Elijah’s prayer leads to the sending of rain after drought—an instance of God granting rain for the land’s sake, reflecting God’s control over weather for judgment or mercy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Whether for correction or for his world or for mercy, he causes it to come to pass.
  • He causeth it to come, whether for correction, or for his land, or for mercy.
14 Hear this, O Job; stand still and consider the wondrous works of God.

Job.37.14 - Details

Original Text

האזינה זאת איוב עמד והתבונן ׀ נפלאות אל׃

Morphology

  • האזינה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • והתבונן: VERB,hithpael,imp,2,m,sg
  • נפלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:24 (verbal): Expresses essentially the same thought—'How manifold are thy works'—echoing Job's summons to consider the wondrous works of God (נפלאות אל).
  • Psalm 46:10 (thematic): Both verses call for a posture of stillness and attentive recognition of God ('Be still, and know that I am God') comparable to 'stand and consider.'
  • Job 38:4-7 (structural): Within the same dialogue God similarly challenges Job to behold and reckon with the works of creation, developing the injunction to consider God's wonders.
  • Isaiah 40:26 (thematic): Urges the audience to 'lift up your eyes' and contemplate the Creator's mighty works—parallel to Job's summons to observe God's marvels.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): 'The heavens declare the glory of God' parallels the idea of perceiving God's wondrous works in creation, as urged in Job 37:14.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hear this, O Job; stand still and consider the wondrous works of God.
  • Hearken unto this, O Job: stand still, and consider the wondrous works of God.
15 Do you know when God disposed them, and caused the light of His cloud to shine?

Job.37.15 - Details

Original Text

התדע בשום־ אלוה עליהם והופיע אור עננו׃

Morphology

  • התדע: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
  • בשום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • והופיע: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עננו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 38:34-35 (thematic): Same divine speech about control of the elements — God commanding lightnings and clouds; continues the theme of God disposing weather and light beyond human control.
  • Psalm 104:3-4 (thematic): God pictured as riding on clouds/wind and ordering the atmospheric realm; parallels imagery of God’s sovereign action in and through clouds and light.
  • Psalm 135:7 (verbal): Uses closely related language—God causes clouds to rise and produces lightning for rain—echoing Job’s focus on God’s agency in forming and illuminating clouds.
  • Psalm 147:8 (thematic): Declares that God ‘covers the heavens with clouds’ and provides rain, paralleling Job’s assertion that God arranges clouds and causes their light to appear.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do you know how God lays his command upon them, and causes the lightning of his cloud to shine?
  • Dost thou know when God disposed them, and caused the light of his cloud to shine?
16 Do you know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of Him who is perfect in knowledge?

Job.37.16 - Details

Original Text

התדע על־ מפלשי־ עב מפלאות תמים דעים׃

Morphology

  • התדע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • מפלשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • עב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מפלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • דעים: NOUN,f,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Job 11:7 (verbal): Rhetorical question about whether a human can discover God or the Almighty to perfection—echoes Job 37:16’s challenge about knowing the wondrous works of the One perfect in knowledge.
  • Job 36:27-33 (structural): Elihu’s description of God’s ordering of moisture, clouds, rain and thunder parallels Job 37:16’s focus on the ‘balancings of the clouds’ and divine control of meteorological phenomena.
  • Psalm 147:5 (verbal): Declares God’s greatness and infinite understanding, paralleling Job 37:16’s reference to the One ‘perfect in knowledge’ whose works are wondrous.
  • Isaiah 40:12-14 (thematic): A series of rhetorical questions about measuring or advising the Lord underscores the same theme of human inability to comprehend God’s wisdom and works found in Job 37:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do you know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of him who is perfect in knowledge?
  • Dost thou know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of him which is perfect in knowledge?
17 You whose garments are warm when the earth is still by the south wind;

Job.37.17 - Details

Original Text

אשר־ בגדיך חמים בהשקט ארץ מדרום׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בגדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • חמים: ADJ,m,pl
  • בהשקט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מדרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 38:8-11 (structural): Same larger discourse where God demonstrates sovereign rule over creation—here God restrains and commands the waters and winds, paralleling 37:17’s theme of divine control that calms the land (the ‘quieting’ by wind).
  • Job 38:25-30 (verbal): Speaks of God’s ordering of clouds, rain and the courses of the heavens—closely parallels 37:16–17’s language about balanced clouds and the effects of wind on the earth and garments.
  • Psalm 107:29 (thematic): “He made the storm a calm” — a compact statement of God’s power to still violent weather, echoing Job’s claim that God can quiet the earth by a wind.
  • Jonah 4:8 (allusion): Describes God’s sending of a hot/scorching wind that affects the prophet physically; thematically parallels Job’s imagery of a warm/southern wind heating garments and the land.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You whose garments are warm when the earth is still by the south wind.
  • How thy garments are warm when he quieteth the earth by the south wind?
18 can you, with Him, spread out the skies, strong as a molten mirror?

Job.37.18 - Details

Original Text

תרקיע עמו לשחקים חזקים כראי מוצק׃

Morphology

  • תרקיע: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לשחקים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • חזקים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • כראי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מוצק: ADJ,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Job 9:8 (verbal): Both verses assert God's action in stretching out the heavens—Job 37:18 asks rhetorically about forming the skies, while Job 9:8 states that God alone stretches out the heavens.
  • Job 26:7 (thematic): Shared cosmic imagery: Job 26:7 depicts God's cosmic ordering (stretching out the north, hanging the earth), paralleling Job 37:18's focus on God's sovereign workmanship in the heavens.
  • Isaiah 40:22 (verbal): Isaiah speaks of God 'stretching out the heavens like a curtain,' a closely related simile to Job 37:18's image of the firm heavens—both emphasize God's sovereign act of spreading out the sky.
  • Psalm 104:2 (thematic): Psalm 104:2 describes God 'stretching out the heavens like a tent,' echoing the motif of God fashioning and spreading the firmament found in Job 37:18 (both celebrate divine craftsmanship over the skies).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Can you, with him, spread out the skies, strong as a molten mirror?
  • Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?
19 Teach us what we shall say to Him; we cannot draw up our case because of darkness.

Job.37.19 - Details

Original Text

הודיענו מה־ נאמר לו לא־ נערך מפני־ חשך׃

Morphology

  • הודיענו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,ms,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • נאמר: VERB,niphal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נערך: VERB,niphal,perf,3,ms,sg
  • מפני: PREP
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:4-5 (verbal): Job's response to God—'Behold, I am of small account; what shall I answer thee? I lay my hand upon my mouth'—echoes the confession that one cannot frame words before God.
  • Job 42:3 (verbal): Job admits he spoke of things he did not understand and cannot dispute with God—parallel admission of inability to answer or order speech in presence of divine mystery.
  • Isaiah 6:5 (thematic): Isaiah's 'Woe is me... for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips' expresses the same theme of human speech failure and unworthiness before God's holiness.
  • Jeremiah 1:6 (verbal): Jeremiah's protest 'I cannot speak: for I am a child' parallels the motif of lacking words or ability to speak in the prophetic encounter with God.
  • Romans 11:33 (thematic): Paul's doxology—'O the depth of the riches... of the judgments of God! how unsearchable are his ways!'—resonates with Job's theme that humans cannot fully answer or comprehend God's ways.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Teach us what we shall say to him; for we cannot order our speech by reason of darkness.
  • Teach us what we shall say unto him; for we cannot order our speech by reason of darkness.
20 Shall it be told Him that I would speak? If a man speaks, surely he shall be swallowed up.

Job.37.20 - Details

Original Text

היספר־ לו כי אדבר אם־ אמר איש כי יבלע׃

Morphology

  • היספר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אדבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • יבלע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:2 (verbal): Direct parallel within Job: God (or the speaker) challenges the human who would contend with the Almighty—similar rhetoric of ‘contending/reproving God’.
  • Job 38:2 (thematic): God’s opening rebuke to Job ('Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge?') shares the theme of human presumption in arguing with the divine.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (verbal): Rhetorical complaint against a creature arguing with its Maker ('Woe to him who quarrels with his maker...'), echoing the idea that mortals have no right to dispute God’s ways.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul echoes the motif of human presumption before God ('Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?'), applying the same challenge in a New Testament theological context.
  • Jeremiah 18:6 (thematic): The potter/ clay image and the idea of the creature’s relation to the creator underscore the theme that humans should not presume to contend with God’s sovereign decisions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Shall it be told that he speaks, and then a man shall not perceive it?
  • Shall it be told him that I speak? if a man speak, surely he shall be swallowed up.
21 Now men see not the bright light which is in the clouds; but the wind passes and clears them.

Job.37.21 - Details

Original Text

ועתה ׀ לא ראו אור בהיר הוא בשחקים ורוח עברה ותטהרם׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בהיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • בשחקים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ורוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עברה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ותטהרם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,oc:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 38:22-30 (verbal): Same discourse about the storehouses of snow and hail and God’s control of weather; closely parallels imagery of clouds, light, and wind cleansing.
  • Job 26:8 (thematic): Speaks of God enclosing the waters in clouds and the power of the heavens—similar motif of divine control over clouds and atmospheric phenomena.
  • Psalm 104:3-4 (thematic): Describes God making clouds his chariot and riding on the wings of the wind—uses wind and clouds as divine agents much like Job’s depiction of wind passing and purifying the skies.
  • Ezekiel 37:9-10 (thematic): Uses wind/breath as the agent of renewal and life; parallels Job’s idea of wind passing and effecting a cleansing or transformative action.
  • Nahum 1:3 (allusion): Portrays the LORD’s way in the whirlwind and clouds as expressions of divine power—echoes Job’s association of bright skies, clouds, and the activity of wind under God’s control.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now men do not see the light which is bright in the skies, but the wind passes and clears them.
  • And now men do not see the bright light which is in the clouds: but the wind passeth, and cleanseth them.
22 Out of the north comes golden splendor; around God is fearful majesty.

Job.37.22 - Details

Original Text

מצפון זהב יאתה על־ אלוה נורא הוד׃

Morphology

  • מצפון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאתה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נורא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • הוד: NOUN,m,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:1-2 (verbal): Speaks of God ‘clothed with light’ and ‘covering himself with splendour and majesty,’ echoing Job’s image of God’s glorious, garment‑like majesty.
  • Habakkuk 3:3-4 (thematic): A theophany ‘coming from the north’ with radiant glory and fearful brightness—parallels Job’s ‘out of the north… God [is] clothed with terrible majesty.’
  • Job 26:12-14 (structural): Within Job, these verses likewise depict God’s awesome power and terrifying, majestic works—complementary language and theological emphasis on divine grandeur.
  • Psalm 93:1 (verbal): Declares ‘The LORD is clothed with majesty,’ a concise verbal parallel to Job’s statement about God’s majestic attire.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Describes the LORD’s terrible power in storm and fury—echoing the motif of God’s awe‑inspiring, fearsome majesty present in Job 37:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Out of the north comes golden splendor around God, and awesome majesty is upon him.
  • Fair weather cometh out of the north: with God is terrible majesty.
23 Respect Him in power, for God is great in strength; the One who enjoins justice—who can accuse Him?

Job.37.23 - Details

Original Text

שדי לא־ מצאנהו שגיא־ כח ומשפט ורב־ צדקה לא יענה׃

Morphology

  • שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • מצאנהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • שגיא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומשפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • צדקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 11:7-9 (allusion): Zophar asks whether anyone can fathom the Almighty or find God’s limits—echoes the claim that the Almighty cannot be found.
  • Job 36:26 (verbal): Elihu elsewhere: “Behold, God is great, and we know him not,” closely paralleling the language of God’s greatness and our inability to find him.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Affirms God’s great power and infinite understanding—parallels Job’s emphasis on God’s greatness in power and justice.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Describes God’s work as perfect and his ways as justice—parallels the depiction of the Almighty as exalted in justice and abundant righteousness who does not oppress.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, God is great, and we know him not; the number of his years is unsearchable.
  • Touching the Almighty, we cannot find him out: he is excellent in power, and in judgment, and in plenty of righteousness: he will not afflict.
24 Therefore men fear Him; He shows no partiality to any who are wise of heart."

Job.37.24 - Details

Original Text

לכן יראוהו אנשים לא־ יראה כל־ חכמי־ לב׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • יראוהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • כל: DET
  • חכמי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 11:7 (thematic): Zophar’s rhetorical question about searching out God’s depths underscores human inability to comprehend God—echoing Job 37:24’s point that people must fear God because human wisdom cannot fully apprehend him.
  • Isaiah 55:8–9 (thematic): God’s ways and thoughts are higher than human ways, reinforcing the idea that human wisdom ('wise in heart') is inadequate before the divine.
  • Proverbs 21:30 (verbal): ‘There is no wisdom or understanding or counsel against the LORD’ closely parallels the claim that God does not regard the wise of heart—their wisdom cannot stand against him.
  • 1 Corinthians 1:20 (thematic): Paul’s denial of the value of worldly ‘wisdom’ before God (Where is the wise?) echoes Job’s assertion that human wisdom is ineffective in the presence of the LORD.
  • Psalm 33:8 (thematic): A call for all the earth to fear and stand in awe of the LORD parallels the opening clause ‘Therefore men fear him,’ emphasizing reverent fear rather than confidence in human wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore men fear him; he does not regard any who are wise in heart.
  • Men do therefore fear him: he respecteth not any that are wise of heart.

And the three men ceased to answer Job, for he was righteous in his own eyes.

Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, burned with anger against Job; his anger burned because he justified himself rather than God.

Also his three friends were angry with him because they had found no answer and they condemned Job. Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job, because they were elders than he. But when Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouths of the three men, his wrath was kindled. And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, "I am young in days, and you are aged; therefore I was fearful and afraid to declare my knowledge to you.

I said, ‘Days should speak, and many years should teach wisdom.’" But truly the spirit is in man, and the breath of the Almighty gives them understanding.

It is not the aged who are always wise, nor the old who always understand justice.

Therefore I said, ‘Listen to me, I also will declare my knowledge.’

Behold, I waited for your words, I listened for your reasons, while you searched out what to say. And behold, there was no answer for Job from you; you could not refute his words.

Lest you say, ‘We have found wisdom; let God defeat him, not man.’"

They did not value me, nor would they reply to my words.

Their words failed; they answered no more; the talk was ended. And I also will answer my part; I too will declare my knowledge.

For truly my words are full; the spirit within me compels me.

Behold, my inward parts are like wine that has no vent, like new wineskins ready to burst.

I will speak that I may open my lips; I will answer and show my knowledge.

I will not show partiality to any man, nor will I flatter any person.

For I do not know how to flatter, else my Maker would soon take me away. But I will speak, that I may find relief; I will open my lips and answer. But now, Job, hear my words; heed all my sayings.

Behold, I open my mouth; my tongue speaks in my palate.

The uprightness of my heart shall be my speech, and the pure knowledge of my lips shall be my answer.

The Spirit of God made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.

If you can, answer me; set your words in order before me and stand up.

Behold, I am as you before God; I too was formed from clay.

Behold, no excellency of mine would refute you, nor would I be bold to press you with my hand. But you have said in my hearing, and I have heard the sound of your words:

‘I am pure, without transgression; I am clean and free from sin.’"

Yet truly He finds occasions against me, He counts me as His enemy.

He puts my feet in the stocks and watches all my paths.

Behold, this is not a righteous thing; shall one who contends with God be justified?

Why should one contend with the Almighty? For He does not give an account of any of His matters.

For God speaks once, or twice, though men do not perceive it.

In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumberings on the bed;

then He opens the ear of men and seals their instruction,

to turn a man aside from his deed, and to conceal pride from a man.

He keeps back his soul from the Pit and his life from perishing by the sword.

He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones is troubled. So that his life abhors bread, and his soul dainty food.

His flesh wastes away that it cannot be seen, and his bones which were not seen stick out. So his soul draws near to the Pit, and his life to those who bring death.

If there be upon him an angel, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to show a man his uprightness,

then God is gracious to him and says, ‘Deliver him from going down to the Pit; I have found a ransom.’

His flesh shall be fresher than a child’s; he shall return to the days of his youth.

He shall pray to God, and He will be favorable to him; and he shall see His face with joy; for He will restore to man his righteousness.

He will sing before men and say, ‘I have sinned and perverted that which was right, and it did not profit me.’"

He will be delivered from going down to the Pit, and his life shall see the light.

Behold, all these things God does twice, even three times, with men,

to bring back his soul from the Pit, that he may be enlightened with the light of the living.

Mark, Job, and listen to me; be silent, and I will speak.

If there be any words, answer me; speak, for I desire to justify you.

If not, then hear me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom. And Elihu answered and said,

"Hear my words, O you wise, and give ear to me, you men of learning.

For the ear tests words, as the palate tastes food.

Let us choose what is right; let us know among ourselves what is good.

For Job has said, ‘I am righteous, and God has taken away my right.’"

Does Job speak without reason? Does he open his mouth without knowledge?

Who is like Job, who drinks up scorn like water,

who goes in company with workers of iniquity and walks with wicked men?

For he has said, ‘It profits a man nothing that he should be righteous before God.’"

Therefore, listen to me, you men of understanding: Far be it from God that He should do wickedness, and from the Almighty that He should pervert justice.

For to God belongs the reward of a man, and He will render to each according to his work.

Surely God will not do wickedly, and the Almighty will not pervert justice.

Who appointed Him over the earth? Who put the whole world under His charge?

If He set His heart on it and gathers to Himself His spirit and His breath,

all flesh would perish together, and man would return to dust.

If you have understanding, hear this; listen to the voice of my words.

Will one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn the Mighty One who is just?

Who says to a king, ‘You are wicked,’ to nobles, ‘You are ungodly’—

who does not accept the persons of princes, nor regard the rich more than the poor? For they are all the work of His hands.

At once they die; at midnight they are overthrown; the people are wasted and pass away, and the mighty are taken away without hands.

For His eyes are on the ways of a man, and He sees all his steps.

There is no darkness nor shadow of death where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves.

For He will not lay upon man more than is right, that he should walk before God in judgment.

He will break the mighty in their place and overthrow them in their bed, and they are crushed.

He shall be judged for their pride, and He will take them away in the night and they shall be utterly consumed.

He has them in derision before the eyes of others, and their works are overturned. So they turn from following Him and no longer walk in His ways.

Therefore they cry to the poor and the groan of the needy comes to Him. And He will reserve His wrath, and who will accuse Him? He hides His face for a time, that He may straighten out a man.

He will make a nation wise, and the armies of the nations shall be still.

If you choose, speak; and if you have understanding, answer me. But if not, hear me: keep silence, and I will teach you wisdom.

How many are there among you that would justify wicked men? That would justify a man who is an evildoer?

Men of understanding will say to me, and a man of wise heart who hears me—

‘Job speaks without knowledge, and his words are without wisdom.’"

Let Job be tried to the end for his answers; for he adds rebellion to his sin.

For he claps his hands among us and multiplies his words against God; he condemns himself to his face. And Elihu answered and said,

"Do you think this to be right, that you say, ‘My righteousness is more than God’s’?

For you say, ‘What advantage will it be to you? What profit shall I have more than if I had sinned?’"

I will answer you and your friends with you.

Look to the heavens and see; and behold the clouds, if you can.

If you sin, what do you do to Him? Or if your transgressions are multiplied, what do you do to Him?

If you are righteous, what do you give to Him? Or what does He receive from your hand?

Your wickedness may affect a man like yourself, and your righteousness may profit the son of man.

By much oppression they cry out; they cry for help because of the mighty arm.

Yet no one says, ‘Where is God my Maker, who gives songs in the night,'

who teaches more to the beasts of the earth and gives wisdom to the birds of the heavens?

They cry, but He does not answer, because of the pride of evil men.

Surely God will not hear wickedness; the Almighty will not regard it.

Although you say you do not see Him, yet your case is before Him; keep on in your transgression, therefore. And now, because He has not visited in His indignation, nor has He taken much notice—they pass by me unpunished—you say, ‘He pays no heed.’"

Therefore Job opens his mouth with prideful words; he multiplies words without knowledge. And Elihu continued and said,

"Bear with me a little, and I will show you; for I still have words to speak on God’s behalf.

I will bring my knowledge from afar and ascribe righteousness to my Maker.

For truly my words shall not be false; one who is perfect in knowledge is with you.

Behold, God is mighty, and would not despise any; He is mighty in strength of heart.

He does not allow the wicked to go unpunished, but gives the righteous their due.

He does not take His eyes away from the righteous, and He sets them upon the throne with kings forever, and they are exalted. But if they are bound in chains and held in cords of affliction,

then He tells them the work of their hands and their transgressions, because they turn from Him.

He opens their ears to discipline and commands that they return from iniquity.

If they will listen and serve Him, they shall spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures. But if they do not listen, they shall perish by the sword and die without knowledge.

Those whose heart is haughty—He takes no delight in them; they shall not be rescued.

They die in youth, their life perishes among the impure.

He delivers the afflicted by their affliction, and opens their ear by oppression.

He also turns you from the mouth of distress into a broad place where there is no weariness, and in that place the hunger is satisfied. But your pride teaches you lies; for your hands were made strong by mischief.

Beware lest pride cause you to be entangled, lest the harness of your pride be loosened.

Be mindful of the battle of your strength, for miseries are ready at hand.

Do not be eager to bring on the night, the people who cause trouble to rise up.

Take care; do not turn to iniquity, for this is why you were chosen from among the people.

Behold, God is exalted in His power; who is a teacher like Him?

Who has appointed Him a way, and who has said, ‘You have done wrong’?

Remember to magnify His work, which men have sung.

Everyone looks upon Him; human beings behold Him from afar.

Behold, God is great, and we do not know Him; the number of His years is unsearchable.

For He draws up the drops of water, which distill as rain from His vapor,

which the skies pour down and drop upon mankind in abundance.

Can anyone understand the spreading of the clouds, the thunderings of His pavilion?

Behold, He spreads His lightning about and covers the roots of the sea.

For by these He judges peoples; He gives food in abundance.

He covers His hands with the lightning and commands it to strike the mark.

Surely this is strange in my eyes; the majesty of it shall not be forgotten."

At this also my heart trembles and leaps out of its place.

Hear attentively the thunder of His voice and the rumbling that comes from His mouth.

He thunders under the whole heaven and His lightning to the ends of the earth.

After it a voice roars; He thunders with the voice of His majestic power, and He does not restrain it when His voice is heard.

God thunders wondrously with His voice; He does great things which we cannot comprehend.

For to snow He says, ‘Fall on the earth’; likewise to the downpour, and the showers of His might.

He seals up the hand of every man, that all men whom He has made may know it.

The beasts go into their dens, and remain in their stalls.

From the chamber of the south comes the whirlwind and cold from the scattering winds.

By the breath of God frost is given, and the broad waters are frozen.

Also by watering He satisfies the thick growth of the ground; He scatters His bright cloud.

It is turned around by His guidance that they may do whatever He commands them on the face of the inhabited earth.

Whether for correction, or for His world, or for lovingkindness, He causes it to happen.

Hear this, O Job; stand still and consider the wondrous works of God.

Do you know when God disposed them, and caused the light of His cloud to shine?

Do you know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of Him who is perfect in knowledge?

You whose garments are warm when the earth is still by the south wind;

can you, with Him, spread out the skies, strong as a molten mirror?

Teach us what we shall say to Him; we cannot draw up our case because of darkness.

Shall it be told Him that I would speak? If a man speaks, surely he shall be swallowed up. Now men see not the bright light which is in the clouds; but the wind passes and clears them.

Out of the north comes golden splendor; around God is fearful majesty.

Respect Him in power, for God is great in strength; the One who enjoins justice—who can accuse Him?

Therefore men fear Him; He shows no partiality to any who are wise of heart."