Covenant Renewal and Commitments
Nehemiah 9:38-10:39
Neh.10.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- כרתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אמנה: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- וכתבים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- החתום: ADJ,m,sg,def
- שרינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cp
- לוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,NA,pl
- כהנינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cp
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:38 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: the people 'made a sure covenant' with words and sealed it—the background for Neh 10:1's statement about making, writing, and sealing the covenant.
- Exodus 24:7 (quotation): Moses 'took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience' and the people 'said, All that the LORD hath said will we do'—an earlier model of publicly reading, writing, and confirming a covenant.
- Joshua 24:25-26 (verbal): Joshua 'made a covenant' with the people and 'wrote these words in the book of the law of God,' paralleling Neh 10:1's language of making and writing a covenant.
- 2 Chronicles 34:31 (thematic): King Josiah stood and 'made a covenant before the LORD' to follow God's commands and to perform 'the words of the covenant which are written in this book,' echoing the communal commitment and written covenant motif.
- Ezra 10:3-5 (structural): Ezra calls the people to 'make confession' and 'do the covenant' concerning reform; the assembly responds by forming a covenant—another postexilic instance of covenant-making and public agreement.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the sealed: Nehemiah the Tirshatha, son of Hachaliah, and Zedekiah;
- And on the sealed were Nehemiah the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zedekiah.
Neh.10.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- החתומים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נחמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התרשתא: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חכליה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקיה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:38 (quotation): Same covenant-renewal context — earlier statement that the princes, Levites, and priests sealed the written covenant (direct parallel to the list of those who signed).
- Nehemiah 5:14 (verbal): Uses the same title for Nehemiah, 'the Tirshatha' (governor), connecting his official role here with earlier descriptions of his office and actions.
- Ezra 10:16-17 (thematic): Lists priests and Levites who put their hand to a covenant (over the problem of mixed marriages), a comparable act of communal signing/sealing by religious leaders.
- Exodus 24:7-8 (structural): Earliest Israelite covenant ceremony: the people accept the law and Moses seals it with blood — foundational precedent for public covenant-making and sealing.
- 2 Chronicles 15:12-15 (thematic): A later covenant-renewal scene where people, with priests and Levites, enter into an oath to seek the LORD and remove idols — parallels the communal, priestly character of covenant commitments.
Alternative generated candidates
- the chiefs: Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah;
- Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah.
Neh.10.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עזריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:38 (structural): Same covenant context: leaders and officials bind themselves with a written covenant and seal it; Neh 10:3 lists individual signatories within that covenant action.
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): Immediate parallel—the fuller roster of signers of the covenant. Verse 3 names three of the leaders included in this extended list.
- Ezra 10:2–4, 44 (thematic): Post‑exilic assemblies where leaders confess, bind themselves by oath, and commit to reform; like Neh 10, Ezra records communal pledges and enumerates names of those involved.
- Ezra 2:2–70 (structural): A comparable post‑exilic catalogue of returnees and heads of households/officials. Both Ezra and Nehemiah preserve lists of leaders to define the restored community's leadership.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah;
- Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah.
Neh.10.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פשחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:2-3 (structural): Immediate context: the list of leaders and priests who sealed the covenant continues across these verses, placing Pashur, Amariah, and Malchiah among the signatories.
- Nehemiah 9:38 (thematic): A closely related covenant scene: leaders, Levites and priests bind themselves by oath to follow God's law—the same communal covenanting act to which the names in Neh.10:4 belong.
- Jeremiah 20:1 (verbal): The name Pashur occurs elsewhere as a priestly figure (Pashur son of Immer) who interacts with the prophet Jeremiah; parallels the priestly name in Neh.10:4 (name-sharing across priestly families).
- 1 Chronicles 6:7 (verbal): The name Amariah appears in the Aaronic/Levitical priestly genealogies in 1 Chronicles, connecting the Nehemiah signatory Amariah to the broader priestly traditions and onomastics.
- Ezra 10:11 (thematic): Another post-exilic assembly enacting a corporate religious reform and covenant (the community agreeing to put away foreign wives); parallels Neh.10's lists of leaders and communal commitments.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch;
- Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch.
Neh.10.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חטוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): This verse is embedded in the chapter’s roster of leaders who sealed the covenant; Hattush, Shebaniah and Malluch are listed among the signatories.
- Ezra 10:2-44 (thematic): Like Neh 10, Ezra 10 records a communal covenant/renewal response after the exile and includes extended lists of individuals who participated in the community’s corrective and covenantal actions.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): The returning-exiles’ lists (cf. Ezra 2 and Neh 7) form the population and leadership background for later administrative rosters such as Neh 10; many names and family groupings recur across these lists.
- 2 Chronicles 34:31 (thematic): Josiah’s public covenant and the nation’s oath before the LORD (readings, pledges, and seals) provide an earlier royal/ritual parallel to the covenant-renewal and signing event described in Neh 10.
Alternative generated candidates
- Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah;
- Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah.
Neh.10.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עבדיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): The verse is part of this extended list of signatories who sealed the covenant; the passage provides the full roster and shows the same naming/listing convention.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (verbal): Another formal list of returnees to Judah and Jerusalem; parallels in genre and many recurring proper names (families and leaders) found among the postexilic community.
- Ezra 10:3-5 (thematic): Records a communal response and covenantal action to address religious/communal reform; parallels Nehemiah’s covenant context in which leaders and peoples commit to renewed obligations.
- Deuteronomy 29:12-13 (thematic): Describes public covenant-making with the people as parties to the oath; parallels Nehemiah’s practice of having the assembly and their leaders enter into and witness a binding covenant.
- Joshua 24:25-27 (structural): An example of covenant renewal recorded formally with witnesses and a written/inscribed record; parallels Nehemiah’s formal recording and sealing of the covenant by leaders and communities.
Alternative generated candidates
- Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch;
- Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch.
Neh.10.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גנתון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): The immediate context: a contiguous list of leaders and laymen who sealed the covenant; Neh.10.7 is one entry in this catalog of signatories.
- Nehemiah 9:38 (structural): The covenant formula and basis for the signings—'we make a firm covenant'—which directly leads into the roster of names who put their seal in Neh.10.
- Ezra 10:25-44 (thematic): Another post‑exilic list of individuals connected with a community reform (the removal of foreign wives); parallels Neh.10's cataloguing of persons involved in covenantal restoration and communal discipline.
- Joshua 24:25-27 (thematic): A pre‑exilic covenant renewal and inscription of that covenant—Joshua records the covenant and its witnesses, a thematic analogue to the community's covenant renewal and the listing of those who sealed it in Nehemiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin;
- Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin.
Neh.10.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משלם: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- מימן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:38 (structural): Both passages belong to the same covenant-renewal context: Neh 9:38 describes the making of the binding covenant, while Neh 10 (including v.8) lists the individuals who sealed that covenant.
- Ezra 10:18-44 (structural): Ezra 10 contains a catalogue of individuals and families involved in a communal reform (putting away foreign wives); like Neh 10, it uses a list-format to record people associated with a major covenantal/legal action.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10-34 (verbal): 1 Chronicles 9 preserves priestly and Levitical names and household lists that overlap with the postexilic personnel recorded in Neh 10 (many of the same names, e.g. Meshullam/Abijah, appear in these genealogical/service lists).
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (verbal): Nehemiah 12 gives another roster of priests and Levites who served in the restored community and temple—parallel material to the signatory lists in Neh 10 and showing continuity of personnel and office-holders.
Alternative generated candidates
- Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah—these are the priests.
- Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah—these are the priests.
Neh.10.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מעזיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלגי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:8 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse that continues the same roster of priests and leaders who signed the covenant — part of the same signatory list and literary unit.
- Nehemiah 12:1-7 (thematic): Another postexilic register of priests and Levites in Jerusalem; thematically parallels Neh 10’s function of documenting priestly names and leadership in the restored community.
- Ezra 10:18-44 (thematic): A postexilic list of priests, Levites and other returned exiles who are named in connection with covenantal reforms (putting away foreign wives); parallels Neh 10 in listing priestly personnel and communal commitments.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10-14 (thematic): Genealogical and administrative listing of priests and temple servants assigned in Jerusalem after the exile; parallels Neh 10 in cataloguing priestly families and temple officials in the restored community.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui, the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;
- And the Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui and the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel.
Neh.10.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וישוע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- חנדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- קדמיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:9 (structural): Immediate context — continuation of the same roster of Levites; the names are part of the covenant-signing list surrounding v.10.
- Nehemiah 11:17 (verbal): Repeats some of the same Levite names (e.g., Binnui son of Henadad, Kadmiel) in the list of Levites residing in Jerusalem.
- Nehemiah 12:22 (verbal): Another priestly/Levitical list (the dedication lists) that includes Jeshua (Jeshua/Joshua) son of Azaniah and related Levite names, paralleling the names in Neh 10:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- and their brethren: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan;
- And their brothers: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan.
Neh.10.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3mp
- שבניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הודיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קליטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלאיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): This verse is part of the larger list of signatories to the covenant in Nehemiah 10; the chapter as a whole records the same roster and context (sealing the covenant).
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (structural): A later Nehemiah chapter that gives extended lists of priests and Levites and municipal leaders—shows overlapping names and the same post‑exilic administrative/genealogical context.
- Ezra 2 (esp. vv.1-70) (verbal): The returnee lists in Ezra contain many of the same personal and family names (e.g., Shecaniah/Shebaniyah, Hanan), reflecting the same post‑exilic community and genealogical traditions.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-34 (verbal): Chronicles preserves genealogical lists of returned exiles, priests and Levites with names that correspond to those in Nehemiah 10, providing a parallel record of the same families and offices.
- Ezra 10:28-44 (thematic): A catalog of individuals addressed in the reforms over foreign marriage—another post‑exilic list that, like Nehemiah 10, reflects communal discipline and naming of persons involved in covenantal commitments.
Alternative generated candidates
- Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah;
- Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah.
Neh.10.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מיכא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רחוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:5-73 (verbal): Earlier registration of the returned exiles; many of the same personal and family names reappear in Neh 10's list of covenant signatories.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): Catalogue of returnees to Judah after the exile—a parallel literary unit listing names and family groups like Neh 10's roster.
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (verbal): List of priests and Levites who returned and served in Jerusalem; overlaps in names and priestly families with the Neh 10 signatories.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-2, 34-44 (thematic): Post-exilic genealogical and priestly listings that reflect the same concern for registering families and temple personnel found in Neh 10.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah;
- Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah.
Neh.10.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זכור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- שרביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 2:40-42 (structural): Lists of priests, Levites and temple servants among the returnees—parallel in form and purpose to Nehemiah’s enumeration of priestly/Levitical heads and families.
- Nehemiah 12:1-7 (structural): A later Nehemiah list of priests and Levites who returned and served—closely related material that repeats and expands the same genealogical/official rolls.
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): Organization of the priestly courses and naming of heads of priestly families under David—a comparable record of priestly leadership and succession.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2-4 (structural): Genealogical listing of priests and Levites who returned from exile and settled in Jerusalem—parallels Nehemiah’s interest in remembering and recording priestly heads and their descendants.
- Numbers 3:6-9 (thematic): Regulation assigning Levites to service and oversight of the tabernacle—themewise connects to references to Levitical heads and responsibilities recorded in Nehemiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hodijah, Bani, Beninu;
- Hodiah, Bani, Beninu.
Neh.10.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הודיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בנינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,pl
Parallels
- Ezra 2:2 (structural): Like Neh.10, Ezra 2 gives a roster of leaders and returning exiles; both chapters preserve postexilic lists of names and families tied to the covenantal/community restoration.
- Nehemiah 12:1 (structural): Neh.12 contains genealogies and lists of priests and Levites in the restored community, paralleling Neh.10's presentation of names within the covenantal commitment.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3-11 (thematic): 1 Chr.9 records genealogies and the resettled inhabitants/temple servants in Jerusalem after the exile, thematically parallel to Neh.10's listing of families and leaders involved in covenant obligations.
- Ezra 8:1-14 (structural): Ezra 8 lists the families and heads who accompanied Ezra, reflecting the same concern with named family groups and leaders that appears in Neh.10's catalogue of persons associated with the community covenant.
Alternative generated candidates
- the heads of the people: Parosh, Pahath‑Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani;
- The heads of the people: Parosh, Pahath‑Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani.
Neh.10.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- פרעש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זתוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
Parallels
- Ezra 2:3 (verbal): Same list of family-head names (Parosh, Pahath‑Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani) appears in the register of those who returned from exile.
- Nehemiah 7:7 (structural): Nehemiah 7 repeats the genealogical roll of returnees; verse cluster reproduces the same sequence of clans/heads as in Neh 10:15, showing a parallel civic roster.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (thematic): Chronicles preserves a parallel account of those residing in Jerusalem after the exile and echoes the lists of families/heads found in Ezra–Nehemiah.
- Ezra 10:22 (verbal): Ezra 10 (the list of those implicated in the foreign‑wives matter) includes many of the same clan names (e.g., Parosh, Pahath‑Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani), reflecting the overlap of community registers and personnel.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Azgad: Bebai;
- The sons of Azgad: Bebai.
Neh.10.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עזגד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 2:13 (verbal): The returnee list in Ezra names the ‘sons of Azgad’ (with the same personal names), showing the same genealogical clan recorded among those who returned from exile.
- Nehemiah 7:39 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats the register of returnees and includes the family of Azgad with the same names — a parallel genealogical roster.
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): Verse 16 is one entry in the larger covenant-list of signatories who sealed the covenant in Nehemiah 10; the whole passage functions as the formal roster of covenanting families.
- Joshua 24:25-27 (thematic): Joshua’s covenant renewal (writing and setting up a witness) parallels Nehemiah’s formal covenant ceremony: both record communal commitments and named witnesses/signatories.
Alternative generated candidates
- Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin;
- Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin.
Neh.10.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אדניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): The immediate context: a contiguous roster of the leaders and signatories of the covenant. Neh.10:17 is one entry in this larger list of names sealing the covenant.
- Nehemiah 9:38 (thematic): Describes the making and sealing of the covenant by the people and their leaders—the thematic action to which the roster in Neh.10 (including v.17) bears witness.
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (structural): Another postexilic roster of priests and Levites involved in temple service and dedication—parallel in function to the list of leaders in Neh.10.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): The returnee lists in Ezra enumerate the families, priests, and Levites of the postexilic community, serving a similar documentary function as the signatory lists in Neh.10.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10-34 (structural): A genealogical and institutional list of priests and Levites residing in Jerusalem—parallel material for comparing names, offices, and postexilic cultic personnel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ater, Hezekiah, Azur;
- Ater, Hezekiah, Azor.
Neh.10.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חזקיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 12:1 (verbal): Another priestly/Levite list in Nehemiah that repeats and expands the names and genealogical material found in Neh.10, showing overlap in personnel and lineage concerns.
- Ezra 2:1-2 (structural): Beginning of the list of returnees to Judah; like Neh.10 this section organizes leaders, priests, and family heads among those who returned from exile.
- Ezra 8:2 (thematic): List of heads of families and Levites who returned with Ezra—parallels Neh.10’s focus on identifying priestly and Levitical personnel among the exiles.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2-3 (thematic): Chronicles records priests and Levites who lived in Jerusalem after the exile, paralleling Neh.10’s concern with the restoration and settlement of priestly families.
- 1 Chronicles 6:4-15 (verbal): Priestly/Levitical genealogy in Chronicles that corresponds to the genealogical and priestly names and lineal claims implicit in the Nehemiah lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai;
- Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai.
Neh.10.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הודיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בצי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:38 (thematic): A closely related covenant formula in the same book—Nehemiah 9:38 records the people making and sealing a binding covenant with clear commitments, paralleling the covenantal context of Neh 10:19.
- Ezra 10:3-4 (thematic): Ezra calls the assembly to make a formal oath and covenant to put away foreign wives; parallels Neh 10’s public covenant renewal and the solemn communal commitment to obey the law.
- Joshua 24:25 (structural): Joshua records making a covenant and writing it in the Book of the Law before the people—structurally similar to Nehemiah’s recording of vows and signed commitments as a communal covenantal act.
- Deuteronomy 29:9-14 (thematic): Moses’ covenant-renewal before entering the land, with the whole assembly bound to the statutes, provides the Mosaic background and legal form for later communal covenants like that in Neh 10.
- 2 Chronicles 15:12-13 (thematic): Asa and the people enter into a public oath to seek the LORD and remove foreign altars—an analogous example of a communal, sworn reform and covenant commitment in the Deuteronomistic tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hariph, Anathoth, Nibai;
- Hariph, Anathoth, Nibai.
Neh.10.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חריף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ענתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ניבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 12:1 (structural): Another Nehemiah passage giving a roster of priests and Levites; parallels the book’s onomastic and official cataloguing of priestly families and signatories.
- Nehemiah 7:26 (verbal): Lists the men of Anathoth among the returnees (128); parallels the occurrence of Anathoth/priestly localities in the Nehemiah rolls.
- Ezra 2:23 (verbal): Ezra’s list of returnees likewise names the people of Anathoth, echoing the same post‑exilic registration of towns and priestly groups found in Neh 10.
- Jeremiah 1:1 (allusion): Jeremiah is introduced as ‘one of the priests who were in Anathoth,’ reflecting the longstanding association of Anathoth with priestly families that underlies the Nehemiah list.
- 1 Chronicles 9:14 (thematic): Chronicles preserves lists of priests and their residences in Jerusalem/the surrounding towns; thematically parallels Nehemiah’s compilation of priestly names and places.
Alternative generated candidates
- Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir;
- Magpias, Meshullam, Hazar.
Neh.10.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מגפיעש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משלם: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- חזיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:21-24 (structural): Allocates the tithe to the Levites as their inheritance and support—parallels Neh 10’s arrangements for tithes and support of temple personnel.
- Deuteronomy 14:22-29 (thematic): Prescribes the yearly tithe and its use (celebration, care for Levites/strangers/poor); echoes the covenantal commitment in Neh 10 to bring tithes/firstfruits to the sanctuary.
- Leviticus 27:30-33 (verbal): Defines holy things and the tithe of the land/produce as consecrated to the Lord—language and conceptually linked to Neh 10’s mention of tithes and firstfruits.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (allusion): Calls Israel to bring full tithes into the storehouse so there will be provision for the temple service—reflects Neh 10’s promise to supply the house of God through tithes and offerings.
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter that specifies bringing firstfruits, tithes, and contributions to the storerooms of the house of God—direct continuation/expansion of the commitment in v.21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Mashizbai, Zadok, Yeduthun;
- Meshizbaal, Zadok, Jedaiah.
Neh.10.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משיזבאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידוע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 10 (structural): Both Ezra 10 and Neh 10 record the covenant reform and provide long lists of names of those who bound themselves to the agreement; the lists overlap in purpose and many individuals.
- Nehemiah 10:1–27 (structural): Verse 22 is part of this broader chapter-long roster of covenant signatories; the chapter functions as a single structural unit listing leaders, priests, and heads of families.
- Ezra 2:36–39 (thematic): The returnee lists (Ezra 2 / Neh 7) enumerate priests and temple servants among the exiles—parallel material showing the same priestly families and return-community personnel.
- 1 Chronicles 6:4–15 (verbal): The genealogies of the priestly families include the name Zadok and related priestly lineage, matching the appearance of the name (צדוק) in Neh 10:22.
- Ezekiel 44:15–16 (thematic): Ezekiel’s designation of the Zadokite priests as the legitimate temple ministers in the prophetic vision resonates thematically with references to Zadok/zadokite priesthood in postexilic lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pelatiah, Hanan, Ananiah;
- Pelatiah, Hanan, Aniah.
Neh.10.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פלטיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עניה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 10:18-44 (structural): Extended postexilic roster: like Neh 10:23, Ezra 10 preserves long lists of individuals among the returned community (here those involved in intermarriage), showing the same list-genre and communal record-keeping.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (thematic): Census/list of returnees and priestly families: parallels Neh 10's roll of names as a record of who belonged to the postexilic community and its cultic leadership.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10-34 (verbal): Priestly and Levitical lists for Jerusalem: Chronicles enumerates priests, Levites, and gatekeepers—comparable in purpose and content to the priestly names appearing in Neh 10.
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (structural): Another Nehemiah-era list of priests and Levites (duty rosters and participants in the dedication): parallels Neh 10's signatory roster and shows continuity of the same families in cultic roles.
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): Immediate literary parallel: Neh 10:23 is part of this larger signatory list—compare neighboring verses for the full roster and the covenantal context in which these names appear.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hosea, Hananiah, Hashub;
- Hosea, Hananiah, Hashub.
Neh.10.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הושע: VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1 (structural): Immediate context: the opening of the same chapter lists the signatories to the covenant; v.24 is one entry in this continuous roster of names.
- Nehemiah 9:38 (thematic): Describes the sealing of the covenant by the leaders and people—provides the covenantal action to which the roster in 10:24 belongs.
- Numbers 13:8 (verbal): The name Hoshea appears elsewhere (Hoshea son of Nun, later called Joshua); a verbal/name parallel linking the personal name in Neh 10:24 to other biblical occurrences of Hoshea.
- Nehemiah 12:1–26 (structural): Another formal list of priests, Levites and heads in the same book; parallels the genre and function of naming officials and leaders as in Neh 10:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- the scribes: Belonging to the priesthood—Palal, Hanan, and Mithal;
- Halevash, Pelacha, Shobek.
Neh.10.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הלוחש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלחא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שובק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 24:7-8 (quotation): Both passages describe the public ratification of a covenant before the people; Exodus records the reading and sealing of the covenant with blood, a paradigm for covenant-making rituals echoed in Nehemiah's covenant renewal.
- Joshua 24:25-27 (structural): Joshua records a communal covenant-renewal followed by inscription and a witness (a stone); structurally similar to Nehemiah's formal, communal confirmation and recording of commitments.
- Deuteronomy 29:10-14 (thematic): Deuteronomy frames covenant obligations as made before the whole assembly—men, women, children, and resident aliens—paralleling Nehemiah's inclusive public commitment to the law.
- 2 Chronicles 34:31-33 (allusion): Josiah's covenant to walk after the LORD and keep the law, with public reading of the book and covenant renewal, echoes the same reforming, covenantal intention found in Nehemiah.
- Ezra 10:3-4 (thematic): Ezra recounts a communal confession and binding agreement to separate from foreign wives; like Nehemiah, it reflects a post-exilic community responding corporately to covenant demands and taking formal vows.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the priests: Nethinim, the gatekeepers and the singers, the servants and all the rest of the people, of the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, servants, and all those who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands to the law of God—their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one who had knowledge and understanding.
- Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah.
Neh.10.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רחום: ADJ,m,sg
- חשבנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעשיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 34:6 (quotation): God is directly described as merciful/compassionate (רחום) in the classic self‑revelation formula, paralleling the attribute named in Neh.10.26.
- Psalm 103:8 (verbal): Uses the same language of God’s compassion and grace (“רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן”), connecting the theme of divine mercy to the phrase in Neh.10.26.
- Nehemiah 9:17 (structural): Within the same book, this confession celebrates God's readiness to pardon and his merciful deeds—linking Neh.10.26’s focus on compassion with Nehemiah’s broader portrayal of God’s actions on Israel’s behalf.
- Psalm 111:2 (thematic): Speaks of the greatness and study of the LORD’s works (מַעֲשָׂיו), paralleling the reference to ‘his works’ (מעשיה) and connecting God’s merciful character to his deeds.
Alternative generated candidates
- They bound themselves together with a curse and an oath to walk in God’s law, which was given by the hand of Moses the servant of God, and to keep and to do all the commandments of the LORD our God, his ordinances and statutes.
- And their brothers: Hanan, Anan.
Neh.10.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחיה: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,impf,1,c,sg
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1-27 (structural): This verse is one of the individual names in the full list of leaders and heads who sealed the covenant; the surrounding verses form the complete signatory roster.
- Nehemiah 8:1-12 (thematic): The public reading and renewal of the Torah in chapter 8 provides the theological and communal context that led to the covenant renewal and the signing recorded in chapter 10.
- Ezra 2 (parallel in Nehemiah 7) (verbal): Ezra 2 (and its repetition in Nehemiah 7) contains census-style lists of returnees and heads of families; these lists are verbally and functionally parallel to the roster of officials and signatories in Nehemiah 10.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-44 (thematic): Chronicles preserves postexilic lists of priests, Levites, and gatekeepers—similar kinds of official and genealogical listings that appear in Nehemiah's account of the reconstituted community leadership.
Alternative generated candidates
- They pledged that they would not give their daughters to the peoples of the land, nor take the peoples’ daughters for their sons;
- Malluch, Harim, Baanah.
Neh.10.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 10:1 (structural): Opening verse of the covenant-section that introduces the roster of signatories of which v.28 is one entry; shows the verse functions as part of a continuous list.
- Nehemiah 10:29 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same catalogue of names—v.28 and v.29 form adjacent items in the covenant roster and should be read together.
- Ezra 10:2 (thematic): Ezra 10 likewise records a communal response to covenantal failure and lists individuals attached to a reform/covenant action; thematically parallel in covenantal renewal and naming participants.
- Ezra 2:2 (verbal): Ezra 2 contains a returnee-roster whose genre and many overlapping proper names correspond with Nehemiah's lists, reflecting the same postexilic community and personnel.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-2 (thematic): Chronicles preserves resident and priestly rosters for Jerusalem similar in function to Nehemiah's catalogues, situating the same groups (priests, Levites, heads of households) in the postexilic restoration context.
Alternative generated candidates
- and that if the peoples of the land brought merchandise or grain on the Sabbath to sell, they would not buy from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day; they would observe the release of the seventh year and remit every debt.
- And the rest of the people—priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, the Nethinim, and all who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands to the law of God—together with their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one who had knowledge and understanding.
Neh.10.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושאר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- השוערים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- המשררים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנתינים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנבדל: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מעמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,_,sg
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אל: NEG
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נשיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,prsfx=3mp
- בניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
- ובנתיהם: NOUN,f,pl,prsuf
- כל: DET
- יודע: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- מבין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:2 (verbal): Community assembly of priests, Levites and the people who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands; language and context of corporate repentance and covenant closely parallel the listing in Neh 10:29.
- Ezra 10:3 (thematic): Call to 'separate yourselves from the peoples of the land' and to deal with foreign marriages; shares the theme of separation from surrounding peoples and covenantal renewal reflected in Neh 10:29.
- Deuteronomy 7:3-6 (thematic): Divine injunction against intermarriage with surrounding nations and the demand that Israel be 'holy' and separate — theological background for the community’s separation in Neh 10:29.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (structural): A postexilic roster that names priests, Levites, gatekeepers and Nethinim who lived in Jerusalem — parallels the cataloging of temple-related groups and families in Neh 10:29.
Alternative generated candidates
- They established for themselves a contribution of a third of a shekel yearly for the service of the house of our God—
- They held fast to their brethren and to their nobles, and entered into a curse and an oath to walk in the law of God, which was given by the hand of Moses the servant of God, to keep and to do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his ordinances and statutes.
Neh.10.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מחזיקים: VERB,qal,ptc,pl,m
- על: PREP
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- אדיריהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- ובאים: CONJ+VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- באלה: PREP+DEM,pl
- ובשבועה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
- בתורת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולשמור: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ולעשות: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אדנינו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1pl
- ומשפטיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- וחקיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3ms
Parallels
- Exodus 24:7 (quotation): At the covenant at Sinai the people say, 'All that the LORD hath said will we do, and be obedient'—a direct vow to obey the law given by Moses, paralleling Neh 10:30's oath to walk in Moses' law and keep God's commandments.
- Joshua 24:24 (verbal): In Joshua's covenant renewal the people pledge to serve and obey the LORD ('we will serve the LORD, and his voice will we obey'), echoing Neh 10:30's commitment to follow God's law and statutes.
- Deuteronomy 6:17–18 (verbal): God's command to 'diligently keep the commandments' and 'do them' echoes the language of Neh 10:30 about guarding, keeping, and doing all the LORD's commandments, ordinances and statutes.
- Nehemiah 9:38 (structural): Immediate literary parallel within Nehemiah: 9:38 records that the leaders 'made a sure covenant and wrote it,' providing the covenantal context and background for the formal oath and commitments stated in Neh 10:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- for the grain offering, for the regular grain offering and the regular burnt offering, for the Sabbaths, the new moons, the appointed feasts, the holy things, and for sin offerings to make atonement for Israel; and for all the work of the house of our God.
- And that we would not give our daughters to the peoples of the land, nor take their daughters for our sons.
Neh.10.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בנתינו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לעמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- בנתיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- נקח: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- לבנינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 7:3-4 (verbal): Explicit Mosaic law forbidding intermarriage: 'You shall not intermarry... you shall not give your daughter to his son, and you shall not take his daughter for your son'—the direct legal precedent for Neh 10:31.
- Ezra 9:12 (verbal): Ezra condemns Israelites for taking foreign wives and uses near‑identical language urging separation and avoidance of giving/receiving daughters of the land.
- Nehemiah 13:25-27 (structural): Later in Nehemiah the same issue recurs: Nehemiah rebukes Jews for marrying foreign women and enforces separation—same concern and remedial action as promised in 10:31.
- Numbers 25:1-3 (thematic): Narrative example where Israel's intermarriage with Moabite women led to idolatry and plague—provides the historical rationale behind prohibitions like Neh 10:31.
- Malachi 2:11 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of Israel's intermarriage ('Judah has been unfaithful and married the daughter of a foreign god'), echoing the moral/religious objection behind the covenantal ban in Neh 10:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cast lots for the wood offering, for the priests, the Levites, and the people, to bring it to the house of our God, to the chambers of the fathers' house, at appointed times year by year, to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as is written in the Law.
- And that if the peoples of the land bring merchandise or any grain on the Sabbath day to sell, we will not buy from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day; and we will leave the seventh year and remit every debt.
Neh.10.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועמי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1s
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- המביאים: VERB,qal,ptc,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- המקחות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למכור: VERB,qal,inf
- לא: PART_NEG
- נקח: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- בשבת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וביום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונטש: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- את: PRT,acc
- השנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- השביעית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- ומשא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 5:12-15 (thematic): The command to keep the Sabbath and cease ordinary commerce/work echoes the Sabbatarian obligation that Nehemiah's covenant reaffirms.
- Deuteronomy 15:1-2 (verbal): Mandates the release/cancellation of debts in the seventh year (שְׁבִעִתִּי־שָׁנָה), the specific institution Nehemiah's agreement vows to observe.
- Leviticus 25:3-7 (thematic): Law about the sabbatical (seventh) year when the land rests and certain economic obligations cease, corresponding to Nehemiah's commitment to 'leave the seventh year.'
- Nehemiah 13:15-22 (structural): A later narrative enforcement of Sabbath observance in Jerusalem that specifically reproves merchants bringing goods and the populace working/doing commerce on the Sabbath, paralleling the covenantal prohibition in 10:32.
- Exodus 31:16-17 (allusion): Speaks of Sabbath observance as a perpetual covenant sign for Israel—background legal-theological frame for Nehemiah's renewed communal vow to keep the Sabbath.
Alternative generated candidates
- They brought the firstfruits of their ground and the firstfruits of all fruit of every tree year by year to the house of the LORD.
- We imposed upon ourselves the duty to give annually one‑third of a shekel for the service of the house of our God,
Neh.10.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והעמדנו: VERB,hifil,perf,1,_,pl
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- שלשית: NOUN,f,sg,const
- השקל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לעבדת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 30:13-16 (verbal): Prescribes an obligatory per-person payment (the half-shekel) 'for the service of the tent of meeting'—a direct precedent for a regular shekel/temple levy for the service of God's house.
- Exodus 38:25-26 (verbal): Records the collection of a half-shekel from each person 'after the shekel of the sanctuary' for use in the sanctuary—parallels the specified shekel assessment and its temple-purpose.
- 2 Chronicles 31:11-12 (thematic): Describes organizing and bringing allotted portions for the priests and Levites so the temple service could continue—thematic parallel to Nehemiah's arrangement to fund temple service.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): Calls the people to bring tithes and offerings into the storehouse for God's work and condemns withholding them—themes of covenantal obligation to provide regular support for the house of God echo Nehemiah's levy.
Alternative generated candidates
- They brought the firstborn of their sons and of their cattle, as it is written in the Law, and the firstborn of their herds and flocks they brought to the house of our God, to the priests who minister in the house of our God.
- for the bread of the presentation, the grain offering and the continual burnt offering, the Sabbaths, the new moons and the appointed feasts, and the consecrated things, and for sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.
Neh.10.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ללחם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המערכת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ומנחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התמיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולעולת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- התמיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השבתות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- החדשים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- למועדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולקדשים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולחטאות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (verbal): Prescribes the showbread (bread of the presence/arrangement) and its placement on the table, paralleling Neh 10:34's 'לחם המערכת' and provision for the sanctuary.
- Numbers 28:1-15 (verbal): Lists the continual (daily) offerings and the special sabbath offerings; closely parallels the mention of the continual offering ('התמיד') and Sabbath sacrifices in Neh 10:34.
- Leviticus 4:20 (thematic): Treats sin offerings and their effect in making atonement for the people, corresponding to Neh 10:34's reference to sin-offerings 'to make atonement for Israel.'
- Ezra 6:19-22 (structural): Describes the returned exiles keeping Passover and offering sacrifices and contributions for the temple—parallels the communal provision for festivals, holy things, and the house of God in Neh 10:34.
Alternative generated candidates
- They brought the first of their dough, their offerings, and the fruit of every tree—wine and oil—to the priests in the chambers of the house of our God; and the tithe of their land they brought to the Levites, for the Levites are the ones who receive the tithes in all the cities of our service.
- And we cast lots among the priests, the Levites, and the people, to bring wood offerings to the house of our God, at appointed times year by year, to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as is written in the law.
Neh.10.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והגורלות: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- הפלנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- על: PREP
- קרבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- להביא: VERB,hif,inf
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתינו: NOUN,m,pl,suff:1pl
- לעתים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מזמנים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבער: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- ככתוב: ADV
- בתורה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:5-19 (structural): Priests and Levites cast lots to determine temple service—parallels Neh.10:35’s use of lots to assign responsibility for bringing wood for the altar.
- Leviticus 6:12-13 (thematic): Command that the fire on the altar be kept burning and that wood be supplied—grounds for the regular provision of wood “to burn upon the altar.”
- Deuteronomy 12:6,11 (allusion): Instructions to bring offerings to the chosen place of worship and to present them at set times—reflects Neh.10:35’s language of bringing offerings to the house of God “as it is written in the law.”
- 2 Chronicles 31:11-12 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reorganization to provide tithes, offerings and provisions for the temple (including arranging supplies and oversight)—a post‑exilic parallel on provisioning the house of the Lord.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest, the son of Aaron, shall be with the Levites when the Levites receive the tithe, and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithe to the house of our God, to the chambers of the storehouse.
- And to bring the firstfruits of our ground and of all fruit of every tree year by year to the house of the LORD;
Neh.10.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולהביא: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- בכורי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- אדמתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובכורי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- כל: DET
- פרי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- כל: DET
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 34:26 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — commands bringing the first of the firstfruits of the land to the house of the LORD.
- Exodus 23:19 (verbal): Similar wording and law: bring the best/first of the firstfruits of your ground to the house of the LORD.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-11 (thematic): Ritual instruction for bringing the firstfruits to the priest/house of God with the accompanying confession — theme and practice closely related.
- Leviticus 23:10-11 (structural): Prescribes the offering/waving of the first sheaf (firstfruits) during the festival calendar — legal/ritual structure for firstfruits offerings.
- 2 Chronicles 31:5 (thematic): Historical example of Israel bringing abundant firstfruits to the house of the LORD in response to revival/reform, reflecting the practice in Nehemiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- and to bring the firstborn of our sons and of our cattle, as it is written in the law, and the firstborn of our herds and flocks to the house of our God, to the priests who minister in the house of our God.
Neh.10.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- בכרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בנינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,pl
- ובהמתינו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,1pl
- ככתוב: ADV
- בתורה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בכורי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- בקרינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1pl
- וצאנינו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,1pl
- להביא: VERB,hif,inf
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- המשרתים: VERB,ptc,act,m,pl,def
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 13:2 (verbal): Commands sanctification of all firstborn to the LORD—basis for bringing firstborn (sons and livestock) to God as stated in Neh 10:37.
- Numbers 3:12-13 (thematic): Explains that the Levites were taken in place of the firstborn, providing legal and cultic background for handing over firstborn and their redemption/use by priests.
- Numbers 18:15-19 (verbal): Gives explicit regulations about the consecration and redemption of firstborn of humans and animals and provision to the priests—direct legal parallel to Neh 10:37's obligation to bring firstborn to the priests.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-11 (thematic): Prescribes bringing the firstfruits of the land to the place the LORD chooses and presenting them to the priest, closely paralleling Nehemiah’s commitment to bring firstfruits to the house of God.
- 2 Chronicles 31:5-12 (structural): Describes a post-reform practice of bringing firstfruits, tithes, and offerings to the temple and priests—an historical precedent for the community action affirmed in Neh 10:37.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the first of our dough, and our contributions, and the fruit of every tree—wine and oil—we will bring to the priests in the storerooms of the house of our God; and the tithe of our ground we will give to the Levites, for it is the Levites who receive the tithes in all the cities of our service.
Neh.10.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עריסתינו: NOUN,f,sg,cstr+1pl
- ותרומתינו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+1pl
- ופרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תירוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נביא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- לשכות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- ומעשר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדמתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ללוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- המעשרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- עבדתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1pl
Parallels
- Exodus 34:26 (verbal): Commands bringing the firstfruits of the ground to the house of the LORD—language and duty closely parallels 'ראשית... תירוש ויצהר נביא לכהנים אל־לשכות בית־אלהינו'.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-4 (verbal): Prescribes bringing the firstfruits basket to the priest at the sanctuary and presenting it—matches Nehemiah's requirement to bring firstfruits to the priests.
- Numbers 18:21-24 (thematic): Establishes that the tithe is given to the Levites as their inheritance because they serve in the tent of meeting—parallels Nehemiah's assignment of land-tithes to the Levites who serve in the cities.
- Deuteronomy 14:28-29 (thematic): Regulates the triennial tithe to be brought and used to support Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows in the towns—connects to Nehemiah's concern for tithes and local Levite provision.
- 2 Chronicles 31:5-12 (structural): Describes the people bringing abundantly the firstfruits and tithes into the storerooms for the priests and Levites—narrative parallel to Nehemiah's arrangement of contributions to the house and Levites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest, the son of Aaron, shall be with the Levites in the tithes; and the Levites shall bring the tithe of the tithes to the house of our God to the chambers of the storehouse.
Neh.10.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בעשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- יעלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- מעשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המעשר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- אל: NEG
- הלשכות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- האוצר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 18:21-28 (verbal): Assigns the tithe to the Levites as their inheritance and requires the Levites to present a tithe of the tithe to the priest—directly parallels the Levites bringing the tithe of the tithes to the house of God and the priestly oversight.
- Deuteronomy 14:22-29 (thematic): Describes the allocation of tithes for Levites (and the needy) and the obligation to provide for Levites who have no portion—echoes the social and cultic purpose behind bringing tithes to the sanctuary.
- 2 Chronicles 31:12-13 (structural): Hezekiah organizes storerooms and has Levites and priests collect and bring tithes into the treasuries—parallels Nehemiah’s arrangement of chambers/treasuries for temple provisions.
- Nehemiah 12:44-47 (structural): Within the same postexilic restoration context: describes chambers/treasuries where contributions and tithes were kept and distributed by priests and Levites—an immediate parallel and reinforcement of Neh.10:39’s practice.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): Calls the people to bring the whole tithe into the storehouse (treasury) of the Lord—echoes the injunction to bring tithes into the temple chambers/treasury for divine provision and oversight.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus we will not neglect the service of the house of our God.
And because of all this we make a binding covenant and write it down; and our officials, the Levites, and the priests have signed it.
The signatories were Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah;
Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah;
Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah;
Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch;
Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah;
Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch;
Meshullam, Abijah, Miamin;
Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah—these are the priests. And the Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui, the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;
and their associates: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan;
Mica, Rechab, Hashabiah;
Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah;
Hodiah, Bani, Beninu;
The heads of the people: Parosh, Pahath‑Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani;
the descendants of Azgad, Bebai;
Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin;
Ater, Hezekiah, Azur;
Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai;
Hariph, Anathoth, Neri;
Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir;
Meshizbah, Zadok, Jaddua;
Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah;
Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub;
Shabbethai, Malluch, Harsha;
Giddel, Mahasai, and the rest of the people—priests, Levites, gatekeepers, temple servants, and all who had separated themselves from the peoples of the land to the law of our God—together with their wives, sons, and daughters, everyone who had knowledge and understanding.
They pledged to hold themselves responsible for their fellow citizens and for their nobles, and to enter into this oath: to walk in the law of God, given by the hand of Moses the servant of God, and to keep and to do all the commandments of the LORD our God and his ordinances and statutes.
They pledged also that they would not give their daughters to the peoples of the land, nor take their daughters for their sons. And the rest of the people—the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the temple servants, and all who had separated themselves from the peoples of the land to the law of our God—their wives, their sons, and their daughters, everyone who had knowledge and understanding—also joined in binding themselves by a curse and by an oath to walk in God’s law and to observe and to do all its commandments;
and to hold themselves responsible for their brothers and for their nobles, and to enter into this oath to walk in the law of God, which was given through Moses the servant of God, and to keep and do all the commandments of the LORD our God, and his ordinances and statutes. And that we would not give our daughters to the peoples of the land, nor take their daughters for our sons. And the people of the land who bring merchandise or any grain on the Sabbath to sell—we will not buy from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day; and we will leave the produce of the seventh year and remit every debt.
We also made ordinances to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God,
for the grain offering, the continual meal offering, the burnt offering of the Sabbaths, the new moons and appointed feasts, and for the holy things and for sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God. And we cast lots for the wood offering, the priests, the Levites, and the people, to bring them to the house of our God, to the storerooms of the house of our fathers, at prescribed times year by year, to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the law. And to bring the firstfruits of our ground, and the firstfruits of all fruit of every tree year by year to the house of the LORD;
and to bring the firstborn of our sons and of our cattle, as it is written in the law, and the firstborn of our herds and flocks to the house of our God, to the priests who minister in the house of our God. And the firstfruits of our dough, our contributions, and the fruit of every tree—wine and oil—we will bring to the priests to the storerooms of the house of our God; and we will bring the tithe of our land to the Levites, for the Levites are those who receive the tithes in all the towns where we work. And the priest, the son of Aaron, shall be with the Levites when the Levites receive the tithes; the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes into the house of our God, into the storerooms of the treasury.