Peter's First Denial
John 18:15-18
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Revelation
John.18.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ηκολουθει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Σιμων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- μαθητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- μαθητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- γνωστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αρχιερει: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- συνεισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αυλην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρχιερεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:58 (verbal): Matthew recounts Peter following Jesus at a distance into the high priest's courtyard, closely paralleling John's note that Peter and another disciple followed into the high priest's court.
- Mark 14:54 (verbal): Mark similarly states that Peter followed Jesus afar off and entered the high priest's palace, a near-verbal parallel to John’s description of Peter following into the courtyard.
- Luke 22:54 (thematic): Luke records Peter following at a distance after Jesus' arrest and being led to the high priest, matching the theme of Peter's furtive following in John's account.
- John 13:36-38 (allusion): Earlier in John Jesus tells Peter he cannot follow now but will follow later and predicts Peter’s denial—John 18:15’s detail of Peter following into the courtyard alludes to that prediction and sets up the forthcoming denials.
- John 18:16-17 (structural): The immediate Johannine continuation (the other disciple known to the high priest and Peter’s interaction with the servant girl) forms a direct structural parallel within the same pericope, linking verse 15 to Peter’s subsequent denial.
Alternative generated candidates
- Simon Peter and another disciple followed Jesus. That other disciple was known to the high priest, so he went in with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard.
- Now Simon Peter was following Jesus, and so was another disciple. That other disciple was known to the high priest and entered with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard; Peter, however, stood outside at the gate.
John.18.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειστηκει: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- θυρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εξω: ADV
- εξηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- μαθητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γνωστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρχιερεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- θυρωρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εισηγαγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Πετρον: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 18:15 (structural): Immediate context: states that Simon Peter and 'the other disciple' followed Jesus and identifies the other disciple as known to the high priest, setting up the entry narrated in v.16.
- John 18:17 (structural): Continuation of the same scene: the servant girl at the door questions Peter after he is brought in, leading directly to Peter's first denial—connects to v.16's act of bringing Peter inside.
- Matthew 26:69-75 (thematic): Synoptic parallel: Peter in the high priest's courtyard is recognized and denies Jesus three times; parallels the setting and sequence of recognition and denial implied by John 18:16–18.
- Mark 14:66-72 (thematic): Synoptic parallel with similar details (servant girl/maiden, by the fire, threefold denial) that correspond to the courtyard episode into which Peter is brought in John 18:16.
- Luke 22:54-62 (thematic): Synoptic parallel emphasizing Peter's presence in the courtyard, his denial, and its aftermath (weeping), thematically linked to the moment when Peter is admitted inside in John 18:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Peter stood at the outer door. The other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the doorkeeper, a servant girl, and brought Peter in.
- So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the doorkeeper and brought Peter in.
John.18.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πετρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- παιδισκη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- θυρωρος·Μη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- μαθητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τουτου: DEM,gen,sg,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εκεινος·Ουκ: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- John 18:25 (verbal): A near-immediate repetition of the same denial scene in John’s narrative; another bystanders asks if Peter is one of Jesus’ disciples and he again says, 'I am not.'
- Matthew 26:69-72 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: a servant girl (and others) confront Peter in the courtyard, ask if he is a disciple, and he denies it—matching the content and dialogue of John’s account.
- Mark 14:66-68 (verbal): Mark’s version of the courtyard denials closely parallels John 18:17 in content and wording, adding detail about Peter’s stronger language (cursing and swearing).
- Luke 22:56-62 (structural): Luke preserves the threefold denial sequence and links the denials to the crowing of the rooster and Peter’s subsequent repentance (weeping), providing the narrative consequence of the denials.
Alternative generated candidates
- The doorkeeper therefore said to Peter, “You are not also one of this man’s disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.”
- The doorkeeper said to Peter, “Surely you are not also one of this man’s disciples?” He said, “I am not.”
John.18.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειστηκεισαν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δουλοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- υπηρεται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ανθρακιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- πεποιηκοτες: VERB,perf,act,part,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ψυχος: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εθερμαινοντο·ην: VERB,impf,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μετ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- εστως: PART,perf,act,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- θερμαινομενος: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 14:54 (verbal): Same scene: Peter follows Jesus into the high priest's courtyard, sits with the servants and warms himself at a charcoal fire—very close verbal parallel to John 18:18.
- Mark 14:66 (verbal): Continues the courtyard scene: Peter is warming himself by the fire when a servant-maid confronts him, linking the warming detail to the subsequent denial (parallels John 18:25–27).
- Luke 22:55–56 (verbal): Luke describes a fire kindled in the courtyard/hall and states that Peter was with them and warmed himself, using language and staging closely parallel to John 18:18.
- Matthew 26:69–75 (thematic): Matthew narrates the same episode of Peter in the courtyard and his threefold denial; though Matthew omits the charcoal detail, the scene (Peter among the servants leading to denial) is thematically parallel.
- John 18:25–27 (structural): Immediate Johannine continuation: the servants by the fire identify Peter and his three denials occur—this passage completes the narrative context introduced in 18:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the servants and the officers had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were standing and warming themselves; and Peter was standing with them, warming himself.
- Now the servants and the officers had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were standing and warming themselves; Peter was with them, standing and warming himself.
Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple. That disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard. But Peter stood outside at the door. The other disciple, the one known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the servant girl who kept the door, and brought Peter in.
The girl said to Peter, “Are you not one of this man’s disciples?” He said, “I am not.” Now the servants and the officers had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they stood there warming themselves; Peter also was standing with them and warming himself.