The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom
Revelation 17:1-18:24
Rev.17.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- εχοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- φιαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- ελαλησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- μετ᾽εμου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,1
- λεγων·Δευρο: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
- δειξω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- κριμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πορνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μεγαλης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- καθημενης: VERB,pres,mp,ptc,gen,f,sg
- επι: PREP
- υδατων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- πολλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 15:1 (structural): Introduces the seven angels with the seven last plagues/bowls—provides the immediate literary context for the angel described in Rev 17:1.
- Revelation 14:8 (thematic): Announces the fall of 'Babylon the great' and links Babylon to sexual/fornication imagery (making nations drink the wine of her fornication), thematically prefiguring the 'great harlot.'
- Revelation 17:5 (verbal): Gives the identification/title of the woman as 'Mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Prostitutes,' directly developing the harlot motif introduced in 17:1.
- Revelation 17:15 (verbal): Explains the imagery of 'waters' on which the harlot sits—interpreting them as peoples, multitudes, nations and tongues, clarifying the scope of her influence mentioned in 17:1.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (thematic): Speaks of Babylon as a cup that made the nations drunken—a Near Eastern prophetic antecedent for depicting a city/nation as an intoxicating, corrupting influence like the harlot seated on many waters.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, "Come; I will show you the judgment of the great harlot who sits on many waters."
- Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, 'Come; I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who sits upon many waters.'
Rev.17.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- μεθ᾽ης: PREP
- επορνευσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εμεθυσθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- κατοικουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οινου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πορνειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.18.3 (verbal): Almost identical language: nations/kings 'have drunk the wine of her fornication' and 'the kings of the earth committed fornication with her'—direct verbal and thematic parallel within Revelation's Babylon motif.
- Rev.14.8 (verbal): Announces 'Babylon the great is fallen… made all nations drink of the wine of the passion/of her fornication'—same wine-of-fornication image used to describe global spiritual intoxication.
- Jer.51.7 (thematic): 'Babylon was a golden cup… made all the earth drunk; the nations drank of her wine'—uses the cup/wine metaphor to portray a city's corrupting influence on nations, which Revelation echoes.
- Hosea 4.11 (thematic): Links 'whoredom' and 'wine'—'Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart'—provides Old Testament precedent for associating sexual idolatry with intoxicating wine imagery.
- Ezek.16.32 (allusion): Uses the prostitute metaphor for a city (Jerusalem) whose lovers include foreign powers/clients ('you prostituted yourself with the Egyptians')—parallels Revelation's depiction of a city whose sexual alliances with kings symbolize political/idolatrous corruption.
Alternative generated candidates
- With him he carried off into sin the kings of the earth; and the inhabitants of the earth were made drunk with the wine of her sexual immorality.
- With her the kings of the earth committed adultery, and the inhabitants of the earth were made drunk with the wine of her fornication.
Rev.17.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- απηνεγκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- εις: PREP
- ερημον: NOUN,acc,sg,fem
- εν: PREP
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- γυναικα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- καθημενην: PART,pres,mid,acc,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- κοκκινον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- γεμοντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- ονοματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- βλασφημιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 13:1 (verbal): Describes a beast rising from the sea with seven heads and ten horns—nearly identical beast imagery, linking the two visions of imperial/eschatological power.
- Revelation 12:3 (allusion): The great red dragon is depicted with seven heads and ten horns; shares the same head-horn motif and cosmic adversary symbolism found in Rev 17:3.
- Daniel 7:7-8 (thematic): Daniel’s vision of a fourth beast with ten horns (and a little horn arising) provides the Old Testament prototype for the horn-head imagery and its association with kingdoms/powers.
- Revelation 17:1-2 (structural): Immediate context introducing the 'great harlot' and her fornication with the kings of the earth explains the woman seated on the beast motif of v.3.
- Revelation 17:12 (structural): Explicitly interprets the ten horns as ten kings who receive authority for a time—linking the horns of v.3 to political rulers allied with the beast.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness, and I saw a woman seated on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns.
- So he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness. There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast covered with blasphemous names, having seven heads and ten horns.
Rev.17.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- περιβεβλημενη: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,f
- πορφυρουν: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- κοκκινον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- κεχρυσωμενη: VERB,perf,pass,part,nom,sg,f
- χρυσιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λιθω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τιμιω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- μαργαριταις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- εχουσα: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,f,sg
- ποτηριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- χρυσουν: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- χειρι: NOUN,dat,sg,fem
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- γεμον: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- βδελυγματων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ακαθαρτα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πορνειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Jeremiah 51:7 (verbal): Babylon is called a 'golden cup' that makes the nations drunk — echoes the image of a golden cup associated with idolatry/abominations and corrupting influence.
- Ezekiel 16:13-15 (thematic): God's adornment of Jerusalem with gold, jewels and fine clothing and her subsequent 'playing the harlot' parallels the woman clothed in purple and gold who prostitutes herself.
- Ezekiel 23:14-15 (thematic): The depiction of the two sisters who deck themselves with ornaments and prostitute themselves to foreign lovers parallels the motifs of ornamentation and sexual/commercial unfaithfulness.
- Revelation 17:1-2 (structural): Immediate context: the woman is explicitly identified as 'the great prostitute' who seduces the kings of the earth — same figure and descriptive framework as v.4.
- Revelation 18:3 (thematic): Babylon 'made all the nations drink of the wine of the passion of her fornication' — develops the cup/fornication imagery and the corrupting reach of the woman's prostitution.
Alternative generated candidates
- The woman was clothed in purple and scarlet, and bedecked with gold and jewels and pearls; she held in her hand a golden cup filled with abominations and the foulness of her prostitution.
- The woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls; she held in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of her fornication.
Rev.17.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μετωπον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- ονομα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- γεγραμμενον: VERB,perf,pass,part,nom,sg,n
- μυστηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- Βαβυλων: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μητηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πορνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- βδελυγματων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 18:2-3 (verbal): Repeats and expands the 'Babylon the great' motif: fallen city as a dwelling of demons and the nations 'drinking the wine of her fornication,' paralleling 'mother of harlots' and her corrupting influence.
- Revelation 14:8 (verbal): The announcement 'Babylon the great has fallen' echoes the same title applied to the woman in 17:5, reinforcing the identification and judgment theme.
- Ezekiel 23:4-5, 37-49 (thematic): Uses prostitute imagery and the mother-daughter paradigms (Oholah and Oholibah) to depict national unfaithfulness—background for calling a city 'mother of harlots.'
- Jeremiah 51:7 (thematic): Speaks of Babylon as a golden cup making the nations drunk—parallel to Revelation's claim that Babylon corrupts the peoples of the earth through her 'fornication' and abominations.
- Isaiah 47:1-7 (allusion): Addresses 'daughter of Babylon' with taunts of humiliation and judgment upon a proud, debased city—an Old Testament precedent for the female personification of Babylon in Revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- On her forehead a name was written, a mystery: "BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH."
- On her forehead a name was written: 'Mystery—Babylon the Great, the Mother of Prostitutes and of the Abominations of the Earth.'
Rev.17.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γυναικα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μεθυουσαν: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αιματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αγιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αιματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- μαρτυρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Και: CONJ
- εθαυμασα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ιδων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- θαυμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μεγα·: ADJ,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Revelation 18:24 (verbal): Directly repeats the accusation that in the fallen city/harlot was found the blood of prophets and of saints, echoing the woman's blood-guilt language.
- Revelation 16:6 (verbal): Speaks of those who 'have shed the blood of saints and prophets' and (in the plague context) are given blood to drink — parallels the motif of blood as drink and drunkenness.
- Revelation 19:2 (thematic): Declares God's judgment and vengeance for 'the blood of his servants' and pronounces punishment on the great prostitute who corrupted the earth, connecting her blood-guilt to divine retribution.
- Revelation 6:9-11 (thematic): The martyrs under the altar cry for vindication; this passage thematically links with the identification of victims as 'the saints' and 'martyrs of Jesus' whose blood demands justice.
- Matthew 23:34-35 (allusion): Jesus' denunciation that Jerusalem/its leaders have slain prophets and righteous (from Abel to Zechariah) provides a scriptural background for blaming a community/agent for the blood of God's messengers and saints.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I saw the woman drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her I marveled with great amazement.
- I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her I wondered greatly.
Rev.17.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αγγελος·Δια: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- εθαυμασας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ερω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μυστηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γυναικος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θηριου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- βασταζοντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- εχοντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- κερατα·: NOUN,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Revelation 17:1-6 (structural): Immediate context: the angel introduces the vision of the woman and beast and the mystery about them; verse 7 continues and promises the interpretation of that same mystery.
- Revelation 13:1 (verbal): Same beast imagery—'a beast rising out of the sea' with seven heads and ten horns—providing a parallel description of the imperial/antagonistic power referenced in 17:7.
- Revelation 12:3 (verbal): The dragon is pictured with seven heads and ten horns; the shared iconography links the dragon, the beast(s), and cosmic/imperial hostility to God's people.
- Daniel 7:7-8 (thematic): Daniel's vision of a beast with ten horns (and a little horn arising) supplies the Old Testament background for interpreting horns as kingdoms/powers that oppose God—a key interpretive frame for Revelation's beast.
- Daniel 7:23-25 (thematic): Daniel's interpretation treats the beasts as human kingdoms that persecute the holy ones; this theme parallels Revelation's portrayal of the beast's hostility to the woman/saints and helps explain the 'mystery' as political/spiritual persecution.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the angel said to me, "Why do you marvel? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, of the seven heads and the ten horns.
- And the angel said to me, 'Why do you marvel? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and ten horns.'
Rev.17.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ειδες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- μελλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αναβαινειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αβυσσου: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- απωλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- υπαγει·και: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- θαυμασθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- κατοικουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ου: PART,neg
- γεγραπται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ονομα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- επι: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζωης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- απο: PREP
- καταβολης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- βλεποντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- οτι: CONJ
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- παρεσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 13:1-4 (structural): Both passages depict a terrifying beast that rises and provokes awe among earth’s inhabitants; the motif of a monstrous, world‑dominating beast and the crowd’s marveling connects their narrative roles.
- Revelation 13:8 (verbal): Uses the same idea of people “whose names are not written in the book of life” who worship or marvel at the beast—direct verbal/thematic overlap with Rev 17:8’s phrase about names not being written.
- Revelation 11:7 (verbal): Speaks of the beast ‘that ascends out of the abyss’ (ἀναβαίνων ἐκ τῆς ἀβύσσου), the same imagery of a beast coming up from the abyss found in Rev 17:8.
- Revelation 17:11 (verbal): Repeats the formula about the beast ‘that was and is not,’ and develops the identity/theme of the beast (an eighth, and of the seven), directly echoing and interpreting the language of 17:8.
- Daniel 7:8 (thematic): Daniel’s visions of composite beasts and a blasphemous horn that speaks arrogantly provide the Old Testament precedent for using beasts to symbolize kingdoms/powers and persecutory rulers—background for Revelation’s beast imagery and 'was/was not' motifs.
Alternative generated candidates
- The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and to go to destruction. And the dwellers on the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will marvel when they see the beast that was, and is not, and will come.
- 'The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go to destruction. Those whose names are not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will be amazed when they see the beast that was and is not and yet will be.'
Rev.17.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ωδε: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- νους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- σοφιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- κεφαλαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- ορη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- οπου: ADV,rel
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- καθηται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- επ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl
- και: CONJ
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- εισιν·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 13:18 (verbal): Both verses open with an exhortation to discernment — 'Here is wisdom' / 'Here is the mind which hath wisdom' — linking the call to understand the beast's number (13:18) with the explanation of the seven heads/mountains (17:9).
- Revelation 17:3 (structural): Earlier description of the woman seated on the scarlet beast with seven heads establishes the immediate narrative and imagery that 17:9 explicates (the seven heads as seven mountains).
- Revelation 17:18 (thematic): Identifies the woman as 'that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth,' connecting the seven mountains motif (often read as the seven hills of Rome) to the city's political power over kings mentioned in 17:9–10.
- Daniel 7:23-25 (allusion): Daniel's vision interprets beasts and horns as kingdoms and kings; Revelation draws on this tradition by treating the beast's heads as kings (Rev 17:9–10), so Daniel provides the prophetic background for reading heads/mountains as imperial/political powers.
Alternative generated candidates
- Here is the mind that has wisdom: the seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits.
- 'Here is the mind that has wisdom: the seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits.'
Rev.17.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πεντε: NUM,acc,pl,m
- επεσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ουπω: ADV
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- οταν: CONJ
- ελθη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- ολιγον: ADV
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Rev.17:9-11 (structural): Immediate context: vv.9–11 interprets the seven heads as seven kings and explains the sequence—'the five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come'—providing the direct exegetical frame for v.10.
- Dan.7:24-25 (allusion): Daniel's vision of ten horns as ten kings and the brief, persecuting rule of a final horn (and the 'time' imagery) is a clear antecedent for Revelation's use of horn/king succession and the limited duration ('a little while') of the coming ruler.
- Dan.2:41-44 (thematic): Nebuchadnezzar's successive world-kingdoms (divided toes/horns) parallel Revelation's sequence of fallen and future kings—successive empires culminating in a final eschatological resolution, which explains the 'one is, the other has not yet come' pattern.
- Rev.13:3-5 (verbal): The beast-of-the-sea imagery overlaps: a head apparently wounded and healed (v.3) and the beast's limited authority (v.5, 'given authority for forty-two months') echo the cyclical 'fallen/one is/not yet come' language and the notion that the coming ruler will 'remain a little while.'
Alternative generated candidates
- There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes he must remain a little while.
- 'There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes he must remain a little while.'
Rev.17.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- ογδοος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- απωλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- υπαγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 17:8 (verbal): Same formula about the beast ('the one who was and is not') and its apparent disappearance/return; repeats the identity and elusiveness of the beast.
- Revelation 13:1-3 (structural): Earlier description of the sea-beast with seven heads and a healed wound (one head as if slain) — the broader narrative source for the beast imagery and the notion that one of the heads can be singled out as distinct from the whole.
- Daniel 7:8, 20, 24-25 (allusion): Daniel's vision of horns and a 'little horn' that arises from ten horns and persecutes the saints provides the Old Testament background for the beast-as-horn imagery and the idea of an eleventh/eighth power emerging from prior powers.
- Revelation 19:20 (cf. 20:10) (thematic): Declaration of the final doom of the beast (and the false prophet) — parallels the statement that the beast 'goes to destruction,' linking this portrait to the eschatological judgment motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- The beast that was and is not, it is also himself an eighth and is of the seven; and he goes to destruction.
- 'And the beast that was and is not is himself an eighth and is of the seven, and he goes to destruction.'
Rev.17.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειδες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- οιτινες: PRO,rel,nom,pl,m
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ουπω: ADV
- ελαβον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αλλα: CONJ
- εξουσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ως: ADV
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μιαν: NUM,acc,sg,f
- ωραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- λαμβανουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- μετα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θηριου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Daniel 7:24 (verbal): Explicitly links ten horns to ten kings—Daniel's vision of ten horns as future kings is directly echoed in Revelation's identification of the ten horns as ten kings.
- Revelation 13:1 (verbal): The beast imagery with seven heads and ten horns recurs here; both verses describe a beast with ten horns representing allied powers or rulers.
- Daniel 2:41-44 (thematic): Nebuchadnezzar's statue with ten toes (often interpreted as ten kingdoms) parallels Revelation's motif of a final set of ten rulers arising in the end-time kingdom drama.
- Revelation 17:13 (structural): Immediate context: verse 13 explains that the ten kings act in unity and give their authority to the beast, directly expanding on 17:12's statement that they receive authority with the beast.
Alternative generated candidates
- The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but they receive authority as kings for one hour along with the beast.
- 'The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom; but they receive authority as kings for one hour with the beast.'
Rev.17.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- μιαν: NUM,acc,sg,f
- γνωμην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εχουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δυναμιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εξουσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θηριω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- διδοασιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 13:2 (verbal): The dragon gives the beast his power, seat, and great authority—paralleling 17:13’s theme of other powers transferring authority to the beast.
- Revelation 17:12 (structural): Immediate context: identifies the ten kings who, for one hour, receive authority and (as 17:13 says) give their power to the beast; a direct contextual parallel.
- Revelation 17:14 (structural): Follows 17:13 thematically—those who give their power to the beast make war on the Lamb and are defeated, showing the outcome of the alliance described in 17:13.
- Daniel 7:24 (thematic): Speaks of ten horns as ten kings arising—a background Old Testament motif for the ten kings in Revelation and their relation to a dominant beast-figure.
- Revelation 16:13-14 (thematic): Demonic spirits go out to the kings of the earth to assemble them for battle—paralleling the idea that spiritual/demonic forces bring kings into unity and give their strength to oppose God’s people/beast’s enemies.
Alternative generated candidates
- These have one mind and give their power and authority to the beast.
- 'They have one purpose, and they give their power and authority to the beast.'
Rev.17.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- μετα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πολεμησουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αρνιον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- νικησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- κυριων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- βασιλευς: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- βασιλεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- κλητοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εκλεκτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- πιστοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Rev.19:16 (verbal): Repeats the exact royal title (“King of kings and Lord of lords”) and connects the Lamb’s victory here with the triumphant warrior-Christ portrayed in ch.19.
- 1 Timothy 6:15 (verbal): Paul applies the same title (“King of kings and Lord of lords”) to the coming exalted One, echoing the theological claim about Christ’s supreme sovereignty that grounds the Lamb’s victory.
- Rev.12:11 (thematic): Describes believers’ victory over the accuser ‘by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony,’ paralleling the theme that the Lamb conquers his enemies and his people overcome with him.
- Rev.5:9-10 (thematic): Speaks of the Lamb’s redemptive victory which makes a people into a kingdom and priests — paralleling Rev.17:14’s depiction of those ‘with him’ as called, chosen and faithful.
- Romans 8:37 (thematic): Affirms believers’ triumph in Christ (‘more than conquerors through him who loved us’), echoing the motif that the Lamb and those united to him ultimately prevail over adversaries.
Alternative generated candidates
- They will make war on the Lamb, and the Lamb will conquer them; for he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those with him are called, chosen, and faithful.
- 'They will make war on the Lamb, and the Lamb will conquer them, for he is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with him are called, chosen, and faithful.'
Rev.17.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι·Τα: PRON,dat,1,sg
- υδατα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειδες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- ου: PART,neg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πορνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- καθηται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- λαοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οχλοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- γλωσσαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
Parallels
- Revelation 17:2 (structural): Immediate context: the woman is said to have committed fornication with the kings of the earth and made the inhabitants drunk—this verse explains that the 'waters' where she sits are those peoples and multitudes she influences.
- Revelation 13:1 (thematic): The beast rises 'out of the sea' (Greek: thalassa); Revelation uses the sea/waters as a symbol for peoples/nations, linking the beast's origin to the same sea imagery on which the woman sits.
- Revelation 13:7 (verbal): Lists the scope of the beast's rule in nearly the same terms ('kindreds, and tongues, and nations'), echoing Rev 17:15's catalog of peoples over which the woman/wicked system exerts influence.
- Daniel 7:2-3 (thematic): Daniel's vision of 'four great beasts' coming up from the sea uses the sea as an image for the rise of kingdoms from the peoples—an Old Testament precedent for interpreting 'waters' as peoples/nations.
- Jeremiah 51:13 (allusion): Babylon is described as dwelling 'upon many waters,' a prophetic image later echoed in Revelation's depiction of Babylon/the harlot as seated on many waters (i.e., nations).
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he said to me, "The waters you saw, where the harlot sits, are peoples and multitudes and nations and languages.
- Then he said to me, 'The waters that you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples and multitudes and nations and languages.'
Rev.17.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειδες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- μισησουσι: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- πορνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ηρημωμενην: VERB,perf,pas,ptcp,acc,sg,f
- ποιησουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- γυμνην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- σαρκας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- φαγονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- κατακαυσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- πυρι·: NOUN,dat,sg,n
Parallels
- Revelation 17:12-14 (structural): Immediate context: identifies the ten horns as kings who receive authority and act together — background for v.16 where these horns turn on the prostitute and destroy her.
- Revelation 18:8 (verbal): Shared imagery of final judgment by fire — Babylon/the prostitute is said to be burned (’utterly burned with fire’), paralleling ‘burn her with fire’ in v.16.
- Isaiah 47:3 (thematic): Prophetic taunt against Babylon: her nakedness and humiliation are exposed — parallels the prostitute being ‘made naked’ and desolate.
- Nahum 3:5 (verbal): Oracular denunciation that lifts the victim’s skirts and exposes her nakedness to nations; uses similar language of public humiliation and exposure as a form of judgment.
- Ezekiel 16:37-39 (allusion): Ezekiel depicts the unfaithful city/harlot handed over to lovers/strangers who humiliate, strip and profane her — thematically parallel to horns/beast attacking, stripping, and consuming the prostitute.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the ten horns you saw, and the beast, will hate the harlot, and will make her desolate and naked, and will devour her flesh and burn her up with fire.
- 'The ten horns and the beast will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked; they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire.'
Rev.17.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- καρδιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γνωμην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- μιαν: NUM,acc,sg,f
- γνωμην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- δουναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θηριω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αχρι: PREP
- τελεσθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- λογοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Proverbs 21:1 (verbal): Affirms the idea that God directs the hearts of rulers ('The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD'), paralleling Rev 17:17's claim that God put into their hearts a purpose to hand the kingdom to the beast.
- Acts 4:27-28 (verbal): The apostles pray that Gentile rulers did 'whatever your hand and your plan had predestined,' echoing Revelation's theme that God moved hostile actors to carry out his design until his words are fulfilled.
- Isaiah 10:5-7 (thematic): Portrays Assyria as an instrument of God's anger used to accomplish divine purposes; parallels Revelation's motif of God using political powers to execute his will and judgment.
- Psalm 2:1-4 (thematic): Depicts nations and rulers plotting but God sovereignly overrules ('He who sits in the heavens laughs'), corresponding to Rev 17:17's emphasis that human action serves God's ordained plan until his word is complete.
Alternative generated candidates
- For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing and giving their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God are fulfilled.
- 'For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by giving their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God are fulfilled.'
Rev.17.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ειδες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εχουσα: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,f,sg
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- βασιλεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 17:5 (verbal): The same vision identifies the woman explicitly as 'Babylon the great' (the label applied to the woman), directly echoing the identification in 17:18.
- Revelation 18:2-3 (thematic): Expands the motif of a dominant, corrupt city ('Babylon the great') whose commerce and moral influence extend over the nations—parallel description of the city's reign and corrupting power.
- Revelation 11:8 (structural): Refers to 'the great city' in the same symbolic geography (where also their Lord was crucified), linking the Johannine motif of a sinful, dominant city to the woman of 17:18.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (allusion): Describes Babylon as a 'golden cup' that made the nations drunk—language and imagery echoed in Revelation's portrayal of the city's dominion and intoxicating influence over kings and nations.
- Isaiah 47:1 (allusion): Personifies Babylon as a woman to be brought low ('daughter of Babylon'), paralleling Revelation's feminine personification of the city and its eventual humiliation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the woman whom you saw is the great city that holds dominion over the kings of the earth.
- 'The woman that you saw is the great city which rules over the kings of the earth.'
Rev.18.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Μετα: PREP,acc
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αλλον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- αγγελον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- καταβαινοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- εχοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,n
- εξουσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μεγαλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εφωτισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- δοξης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 10:1 (verbal): Both verses describe 'another/mighty angel' coming down from heaven with great authority/power; similar wording and role in Revelation's angelic appearances.
- Ezekiel 43:2 (verbal): Ezekiel describes the glory of the LORD arriving from the east and 'the earth shone with his glory,' closely echoing the language of the earth being illuminated by the angel's glory.
- Isaiah 60:1 (thematic): Isaiah's call 'Arise, shine, for your light has come; the glory of the LORD has risen upon you' parallels the theme of the world being illuminated by divine glory.
- Matthew 28:2-3 (thematic): An angel descends from heaven whose appearance is like lightning and whose coming causes a dramatic, luminous revelation—paralleling the motif of a heavenly messenger bringing light.
Alternative generated candidates
- After this I saw another angel descending from heaven, clothed with great authority; and the earth was illumined by his glory.
- After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority; the earth was illumined by his glory.
Rev.18.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εκραξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- ισχυρα: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- λεγων·Επεσεν: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- επεσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Βαβυλων: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- κατοικητηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- δαιμονιων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- φυλακη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- παντος: ADJ,gen,sg,masc
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ακαθαρτου: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- φυλακη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- παντος: ADJ,gen,sg,masc
- ορνεου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ακαθαρτου: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- φυλακη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- παντος: ADJ,gen,sg,masc
- θηριου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ακαθαρτου: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- μεμισημενου: PART,perf,pass,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 14:8 (quotation): Proclaims 'Babylon the great has fallen'—the same declaration repeated in Revelation 18:2; a direct verbal and thematic echo within the book.
- Isaiah 21:9 (verbal): Contains the doubled cry 'Babylon has fallen, Babylon has fallen,' language that Revelation 18:2 echoes in announcing Babylon's fall.
- Isaiah 13:21-22 (thematic): Describes Babylon as desolate and inhabited by wild/unclean creatures (owls, jackals, vultures), paralleling 18:2's image of Babylon as a haunt for unclean spirits, birds, and beasts.
- Jeremiah 51:37 (verbal): Foretells Babylon becoming a 'habitation of dragons' and an unclean haunt—similar vocabulary and imagery to 18:2's 'dwelling-place of demons' and 'prison of every unclean spirit.'
- Revelation 17:5 (allusion): Names Babylon the 'mother of harlots and abominations of the earth,' reinforcing the theme of ritual/ moral impurity that underlies 18:2's depiction of Babylon as defiled and demon-haunted.
Alternative generated candidates
- He cried with a mighty voice, saying, "She has fallen, Babylon the great has fallen! She has become a dwelling place of demons, a haunt of every unclean spirit, a haunt of every unclean bird and beast.
- He cried with a mighty voice, saying, 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a dwelling place for demons, a haunt for every unclean spirit, and a haunt for every unclean bird and detestable beast.'
Rev.18.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οινου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θυμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πορνειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- πεπτωκαν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,pl
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- μετ᾽αυτης: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,f
- επορνευσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εμποροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- δυναμεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- στρηνους: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- επλουτησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 14:8 (verbal): Direct repetition within Revelation: declares Babylon made all nations drink the wine of the wrath of her fornication—near-verbatim parallel to Rev 18:3.
- Revelation 17:2 (verbal): Closely related wording in the same vision: 'the kings of the earth committed fornication with her' and the inhabitants were made drunk with her fornication—same imagery applied to the corrupt city/empire.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (allusion): Jerusalem/Babylon imagery: 'Babylon was a golden cup... that made all the earth drunken; the nations drank of her wine'—a clear Old Testament source for Revelation's 'wine' and nations-drunk motif.
- Ezekiel 27:25 (thematic): Lament over Tyre emphasizes international trade and the merchants enriched by a great commercial city—parallels Revelation's depiction of merchants growing rich through the city's wealth.
- Ezekiel 16:15 (thematic): Uses prostitution/fornication to describe a city's unfaithfulness and seduction of nations—echoes Revelation's metaphor of a city whose 'fornication' corrupts kings and peoples.
Alternative generated candidates
- For all the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality, and the kings of the earth have committed immorality with her; and the merchants of the earth have grown rich from the power of her luxury."
- 'For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the passion of her immorality, and the kings of the earth have committed adultery with her; the merchants of the earth have grown rich from the power of her luxury.'
Rev.18.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- αλλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- λεγουσαν·Εξελθατε: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,f+VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λαος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- εξ: PREP
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- ινα: CONJ
- μη: PART
- συγκοινωνησητε: VERB,aor,act,sub,2,pl
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- αμαρτιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πληγων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- ινα: CONJ
- μη: PART
- λαβητε·: VERB,aor,act,sub,2,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 51:6 (verbal): Directly echoes Jeremiah's call to 'Flee out of the midst of Babylon' and not be cut off in her iniquity—same command to leave the doomed city to avoid its sins and judgment.
- Isaiah 52:11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language ('Depart, depart, go out from thence') urging the people to leave the polluted place—an Old Testament template for separation from a defiled city.
- 2 Corinthians 6:17 (thematic): Paul's admonition 'Come out from among them, and be ye separate' echoes Revelation's call to separation from sinful association to avoid participation in sin and judgment.
- 1 Corinthians 10:20-21 (thematic): Warns believers not to be 'partakers' with demons or idols, paralleling Revelation's prohibition against sharing in the city's sins and receiving its plagues.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, "Come out of her, my people, so that you do not share in her sins and so that you do not receive of her plagues;
- Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, 'Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins and receive part of her plagues.'
Rev.18.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- εκολληθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- αμαρτιαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αχρι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- και: CONJ
- εμνημονευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- αδικηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Genesis 18:20-21 (allusion): God announces that the outcry of a city's wickedness has come up to him and he will investigate — parallels Revelation's claim that the city's sins have reached heaven and provoke divine attention and judgment.
- Ezekiel 8:18 (verbal): Ezekiel pronounces that the abominations of the people provoke God’s fury and though they cry, he will not hear — echoing the idea that pervasive sin has reached God and merits decisive punishment.
- Genesis 4:10 (thematic): God hears the 'cry' of Abel's blood and is aware of human guilt — thematically akin to Revelation's portrayal of God remembering and reckoning the city's iniquities.
- Isaiah 59:2 (thematic): Isaiah states that iniquity separates people from God because their sins hide his face — thematically related to the notion that accumulated sin has drawn God's notice and will bring consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- for her sins have reached to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.
- 'For her sins have reached up to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.'
Rev.18.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αποδοτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- ως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- απεδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- διπλωσατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- διπλα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- κατα: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εργα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αυτης·εν: PRON,gen,sg,f+PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ποτηριω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εκερασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- κερασατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- διπλουν·: ADJ,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Proverbs 24:29 (verbal): Near-verbal parallel: both warn against saying 'I will render to the man according to his work' — the language of exact retribution echoes Revelation's 'render to her as she hath rendered.'
- Jeremiah 50:15 (verbal): Oracular denunciation of Babylon: 'take vengeance upon her; as she hath done, do unto her' closely parallels Revelation's command to repay Babylon double for her deeds.
- Deuteronomy 32:35 (thematic): The divine claim 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay' provides the theological backdrop for the retributive formula in Revelation 18:6 (God/agent repaying wrongdoing).
- Exodus 21:24 (structural): The lex talionis ('eye for eye, tooth for tooth') supplies the legal principle of proportional retribution that undergirds the injunction to 'repay her double'.
Alternative generated candidates
- Repay her as she has repaid you, and double to her double according to her works; in the cup she mixed, mix for her double.
- 'Render to her as she rendered, repay her double according to her deeds; in the cup that she mixed mix to her double.'
Rev.18.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οσα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εδοξασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εστρηνιασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τοσουτον: DEM,acc,sg,n
- δοτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- βασανισμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πενθος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- οτι: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- καρδια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- Καθημαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,1,sg
- βασιλισσα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- χηρα: NOUN,nom,sg,fem
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- πενθος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ιδω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 47:7-9 (verbal): Isaiah taunts Babylon for boasting ‘I shall be a lady forever… I am and shall be no widow, nor shall I know the loss of children’ — closely echoed language and theme of proud, self-assured Babylon judged for her arrogance.
- Revelation 17:18 (structural): Within Revelation the same figure is identified as ‘that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth,’ reinforcing the queenly, imperial self-presentation found in 18:7 and linking the woman-of-Babylon tradition across the two chapters.
- Ezekiel 16:15,41-43 (thematic): Ezekiel personifies Jerusalem as a proud, adulterous woman who is stripped, shamed and made like a widow — a thematic parallel of proud urban femininity condemned and reversed into mourning.
- Lamentations 1:1,17-18 (thematic): Lamentations portrays the once‑regal city now desolate and widowed; this antithetical motif (queen → widow/mourning) contrasts with Babylon’s boast in Rev 18:7 and anticipates the prophetic reversal of fortune.
Alternative generated candidates
- As she glorified herself and lived in luxury, so grant her torment and mourning—since she says, 'I sit a queen, and I am no widow, and never shall I see mourning.'
- I sit a queen, and I am no widow, and will never see mourning.'
Rev.18.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δια: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- μια: NUM,nom,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ηξουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- πληγαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- θανατος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πενθος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- λιμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- πυρι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- κατακαυθησεται·οτι: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- ισχυρος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κρινας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 6:8 (verbal): The fourth horseman brings Death and Hades, given authority to kill by sword, famine and pestilence—language of death and famine echoes Rev 18:8's 'death... and famine' as instruments of divine judgment.
- Revelation 17:16 (thematic): Both verses depict the destruction of 'the prostitute' / Babylon by burning: Rev 17:16 says the beast's allies will make her desolate and burn her with fire, paralleling Rev 18:8's 'she will be burned with fire.'
- Isaiah 47:9-11 (allusion): Isaiah's oracle against Babylon warns that calamity will come 'suddenly, in one day'—the same sudden, single-day overturn motif found in Rev 18:8 ('in one day her plagues will come').
- Nahum 1:2-3 (thematic): Nahum proclaims the LORD as a jealous, avenging God whose power executes judgment; this echoes Rev 18:8's closing formula attributing Babylon's destruction to 'the Lord God who judges her' and emphasizes divine might in judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine—and she will be burned with fire; for strong is the Lord God who judges her.
- Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine—and she will be utterly consumed by fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.
Rev.18.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- κλαυσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- κοψονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- επ᾽αυτην: PREP
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μετ᾽αυτης: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,f
- πορνευσαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- στρηνιασαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- οταν: CONJ
- βλεπωσιν: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- καπνον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πυρωσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.17:2 (verbal): Same motif and language: the 'kings of the earth' committing fornication/adultery with the woman (the harlot), establishing the political-sexual alliance that leads to mourning at her fall.
- Jer.51:7 (thematic): Babylon pictured as intoxicating the nations ('a golden cup... made all the earth drunk'), paralleling Revelation's image of nations/kings seduced by the city's 'fornication' and idolatrous allure.
- Ezek.27:32-36 (thematic): Lament over Tyre: merchants, princes and mariners mourn and strip their robes at the city's destruction—echoing Revelation's scenes of rulers and traders weeping at the burning of a great commercial city.
- Isa.21:9 (allusion): The prophetic cry 'Babylon is fallen' and the announcement of a city's sudden collapse resonate with Revelation's announcement of Babylon/the great city burning and the resulting mourning.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the kings of the earth, who sinned with her in sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her, will weep and lament over her when they see the smoke of her burning.
- And the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and lived in luxury with her shall weep and mourn over her when they see the smoke of her burning.
Rev.18.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απο: PREP
- μακροθεν: ADV
- εστηκοτες: VERB,perf,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- δια: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- φοβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- βασανισμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- λεγοντες·Ουαι: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- ουαι: INTJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- Βαβυλων: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ισχυρα: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- μια: NUM,nom,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κρισις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
Parallels
- Rev.14:8 (quotation): An earlier proclamation: 'Babylon is fallen' — the same announcement of Babylon's doom that 18:10 repeats and amplifies as a lament.
- Rev.18:8 (verbal): Close intra‑chapter parallel: 18:8 also speaks of her judgment coming 'in one day' and links sudden divine punishment to the city's fall, echoing 18:10's 'in one hour' motif.
- Rev.18:17 (verbal): Uses the identical 'in one hour' language to emphasize the suddenness of Babylon's collapse; both verses present shocked bystanders mourning rapid destruction.
- Rev.6:15-17 (thematic): Kings, princes and the fearful hide and cry out when God's great day of wrath arrives—paralleling 18:10's image of onlookers standing afar off in fear of her torment.
- Isaiah 21:9 (allusion): Prophetic oracle 'Babylon has fallen' resonates with Revelation's lament tradition; Revelation draws on Old Testament pronouncements of sudden downfall and public mourning.
Alternative generated candidates
- Standing at a distance because of the fear of her torment, they will say, 'Alas! Alas, the great city Babylon, the mighty city! For in one hour your judgment has come.'
- Standing at a distance for fear of her torment, they will say, 'Alas, alas, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For in a single hour your judgment has come.'
Rev.18.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εμποροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- κλαιουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- πενθουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- επ᾽αυτην: PREP
- οτι: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- γομον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- αγοραζει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουκετι: ADV
Parallels
- Ezekiel 27:31-36 (thematic): A lament over the fall of Tyre in which merchants and seafarers mourn the loss of trade—parallel imagery of commercial ruin and merchants weeping over a city's destruction.
- Isaiah 23:8-9 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Tyre depicts merchants and mariners wailing at the city's downfall, thematically echoing merchants' lament in Revelation 18:11.
- Revelation 18:17-19 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel: lists the cargoes that will no longer be bought and describes merchants' loud mourning over the city's loss of trade.
- Revelation 18:15 (verbal): Describes merchants, shipmasters and sailors standing at a distance, weeping and mourning—same actors and lamenting response to the city's ruin.
- Revelation 18:3 (structural): Provides the economic and moral context—nations and merchants enriched by the city's commerce and corruption—explaining why merchants mourn when that commerce collapses.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their cargoes any more:
- And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their cargoes any more—
Rev.18.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- γομον: NOUN,acc,sg,neut
- χρυσου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αργυρου: NOUN,gen,sg,neut
- και: CONJ
- λιθου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τιμιου: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- μαργαριτων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- βυσσινου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πορφυρας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- σιρικου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- κοκκινου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- ξυλον: NOUN,acc,sg,neut
- θυινον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- και: CONJ
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- σκευος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ελεφαντινον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- και: CONJ
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- σκευος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εκ: PREP
- ξυλου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- τιμιωτατου: ADJ,gen,sg,neut
- και: CONJ
- χαλκου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- σιδηρου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- μαρμαρου: NOUN,gen,sg,neut
Parallels
- Ezekiel 27:12-25 (verbal): Ezekiel's lament over Tyre lists a catalogue of luxury imports and exports (precious metals, stones, purple, fine linens, spices and exotic woods). The close overlap of items and the merchant-trade setting makes this a primary verbal and thematic parallel to Rev 18:12.
- Isaiah 23:8-9, 12 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Tyre focuses on maritime trade, wealthy merchants and the loss of luxury commerce; like Revelation, it connects a coastal commercial power's prosperity with coming judgment and mourning by traders.
- Isaiah 3:18-23 (thematic): Isaiah catalogs luxury garments, jewelry and decorative goods that will be taken away as part of divine judgment. The list of finery and the motif of punitive removal of luxury echo Revelation's denunciation of Babylon's opulent merchandise.
- Proverbs 31:14-24 (thematic): The virtuous woman's commercial activity—buying, selling and trading fine linens, spices and cloth—reflects ancient patterns of luxury trade. Proverbs' merchant imagery parallels Revelation's depiction of an economy built on high-value textiles and goods now subject to judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- cargoes of gold and silver and precious stones and pearls and fine linen and purple and silk and scarlet;
- cargoes of gold and silver and precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple and silk and scarlet, every sort of citron wood and every kind of object of ivory and costly wood, and bronze and iron and marble,
Rev.18.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- κινναμωμον: NOUN,acc,sg,ne
- και: CONJ
- αμωμον: NOUN,acc,sg,ne
- και: CONJ
- θυμιαματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- μυρον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- λιβανον: NOUN,acc,sg,ne
- και: CONJ
- οινον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ελαιον: NOUN,acc,sg,neut
- και: CONJ
- σεμιδαλιν: NOUN,acc,sg,ne
- και: CONJ
- σιτον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- κτηνη: NOUN,acc,pl,ne
- και: CONJ
- προβατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- ιππων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ρεδων: NOUN,gen,pl,ne
- και: CONJ
- σωματων: NOUN,gen,pl,ne
- και: CONJ
- ψυχας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ανθρωπων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 18:11-12 (structural): Immediate context within the same oracle: vv.11-12 list the merchants' cargo (gold, spices, linen, animals, slaves, etc.), of which v.13 is the continuation—same catalogue of luxury goods and human chattel.
- Ezekiel 27:12-24 (verbal): Ezekiel's lament over Tyre gives an extended catalogue of imported/exported merchandise (spices, precious woods, wheat, oil, cattle, etc.), closely paralleling Revelation's inventory of luxury goods and trade items.
- Isaiah 23:8-9 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Tyre depicts mourning merchants and the city's role as an international trading center; thematically parallels Revelation's depiction of Babylon as a fallen commercial power whose traders lament lost profits.
- Genesis 37:25 (verbal): The caravan bringing 'spices, balm, and myrrh' echoes Revelation's listing of aromatic commodities (cinnamon, incense, myrrh), showing continuity in biblical language for luxury trade goods.
- Deuteronomy 8:7-8 (thematic): The description of the Promised Land as 'a land of wheat and barley, vines, fig trees, pomegranates, olive oil and honey' parallels Revelation's mention of staple agricultural products (wheat, oil) among traded commodities, linking claims about valuable produce across texts.
Alternative generated candidates
- cinnamon and spice and incense and myrrh and frankincense and wine and oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep;
- and cinnamon and spice and incense and myrrh and frankincense, wine and oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep and horses and chariots and slaves, and human lives.
Rev.18.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- οπωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- επιθυμιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ψυχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- απηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- απο: PREP
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- και: CONJ
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- λιπαρα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- λαμπρα: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- απωλετο: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- απο: PREP
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- και: CONJ
- ουκετι: ADV
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- αυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- ευρησουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Ezekiel 27:34-36 (thematic): A lament over a great commercial city (Tyre): merchants mourning the loss of goods and commerce—parallel theme of wealthy trading city stripped of its desirable wares.
- Isaiah 23:8-12 (allusion): Oracle against Tyre describing merchants and the end of its delights; language of loss of enjoyed goods echoes 'the fruit of your soul's desire' and the disappearance of prized merchandise.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (allusion): Part of the Babylon oracle frequently echoed in Rev 18: depicts Babylon's riches and intoxicating luxury and announces their coming judgment and loss—background for Revelation's line about desirable fruits departing.
- Ezekiel 7:19 (verbal): Speaks of silver and gold being dumped and unable to save in the day of wrath; resonates with the idea that all the fine and precious things are gone and cannot be found.
- Zephaniah 1:18 (thematic): Declares that neither silver nor gold can deliver in the day of the LORD's wrath—thematic match to the loss and futility of earthly wealth in Rev 18:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- and goods of chariots and horses and slaves and human lives.
- The fruit for which your soul lusted has gone from you, and all your luxury and splendor are lost to you; never again will they be found.
Rev.18.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εμποροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τουτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πλουτησαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- απ᾽αυτης: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,f
- απο: PREP
- μακροθεν: ADV
- στησονται: VERB,fut,mid/dep,ind,3,pl
- δια: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- φοβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- βασανισμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- κλαιοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- πενθουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 18:11 (structural): Same scene of the merchants mourning Babylon—both verses describe merchants who were enriched by her now weeping and mourning over her fall (close verbal and thematic continuity).
- Revelation 18:19 (structural): Continuing the lament scene: merchants and others cast dust on their heads and cry when they see Babylon's destruction—echoes the public mourning and fear of her torment described in 18:15.
- Ezekiel 27:34 (verbal): Lament over Tyre: 'the merchants of the isles were astonished at thee; they stood far off'—language and motif of merchants standing aloof and lamenting a great trading city's doom parallels Rev 18:15.
- Isaiah 23:8-9 (thematic): Tyre's fall provokes widespread lament from merchants and mariners; the prophetic lament over a wealthy trading city that generated riches for merchants parallels Revelation's depiction of merchant mourning for Babylon.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fruit you longed for has gone from you, and all your luxury and splendor have become desolate and are not found any more.
- The merchants who became rich from her will stand at a distance because of fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,
Rev.18.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγοντες·Ουαι: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ουαι: INTJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- περιβεβλημενη: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,f
- βυσσινον: ADJ,acc,sg,nt
- και: CONJ
- πορφυρουν: ADJ,acc,sg,nt
- και: CONJ
- κοκκινον: ADJ,acc,sg,nt
- και: CONJ
- κεχρυσωμενη: VERB,perf,pass,part,nom,sg,f
- χρυσιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λιθω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τιμιω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- μαργαριτη: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Rev.17:4 (verbal): Nearly identical description of the woman: 'clothed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls'—direct verbal parallel within Revelation.
- Ezek.16:10-14 (verbal): God recounts how Jerusalem was clothed and adorned with fine garments, gold, jewels and pearls—similar vocabulary and motif of divine dressing followed by judgment.
- Isa.3:16-24 (thematic): Daughters of Zion are described wearing finery and jewelry and receive a pronouncement of judgment for pride—thematically parallels adornment coupled with impending doom.
- Prov.31:22 (verbal): The virtuous woman is said to be 'clothed with fine linen and purple'—echoes the specific fabrics (fine linen, purple) used in Rev 18:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who sail the sea and all who work the trade on the great waters stood at a distance
- and saying, 'Alas, alas, that great city that was clothed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls!'
Rev.18.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- μια: NUM,nom,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ηρημωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τοσουτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- πλουτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Και: CONJ
- πας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- κυβερνητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τοπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- πλεων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ναυται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οσοι: PRON,nom,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εργαζονται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
- απο: PREP
- μακροθεν: ADV
- εστησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 18:11 (verbal): Directly connected passage in the same oracle: the merchants of the earth weep and mourn because no one buys their cargo, explaining the economic loss referenced in v.17.
- Revelation 18:19 (structural): Continues the same scene — merchants and sailors stand off and lament, casting dust on their heads and crying as they watch the city burn; parallels the imagery of ships and men of the sea 'standing at a distance.'
- Ezekiel 27:28-36 (allusion): Lament for Tyre: coastal peoples, mariners and merchants mourn the city’s fall; Revelation’s catalogue of shipping interests and merchant lament echoes Ezekiel’s maritime lament tradition.
- Isaiah 23:1-4, 8-9 (thematic): Oracle against Tyre describing the collapse of a major trading center and the distress of merchants and seafaring nations; thematically parallels Babylon’s sudden loss of wealth and the reaction of shipmasters and traders.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poem about those who go down to the sea in ships and the peril they face; echoes the book’s concern for sailors and maritime witnesses in the crisis described in Rev 18:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- and cried out as they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, "What city is like the great city?"
- For in one hour such great wealth has been laid waste.' Every shipmaster and all who sail the sea—sailors, and as many as trade by sea—stood at a distance,
Rev.18.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εκραξαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- βλεποντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- καπνον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πυρωσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- λεγοντες·Τις: PARTIC,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- ομοια: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- πολει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 17:18 (structural): The same designation 'the great city' and identification of the city as Babylon; Revelation 18:18 echoes the earlier structural revelation that the woman/city is the great city ruling the kings of the earth.
- Revelation 18:10 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the chapter: both verses lament 'that great city' (Alas, alas that great city) and frame its sudden destruction—same rhetorical cry at Babylon's fall.
- Isaiah 47:1-3 (allusion): Isaiah's oracle against Babylon (humiliation and downfall of the great city) provides the prophetic background and imagery that Revelation applies to 'that great city'—themes of descent, shame, and judgment.
- Genesis 19:28 (verbal): The image of seeing 'the smoke' of a city's burning (Lot's sight of Sodom and Gomorrah: 'the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace') is used similarly in Revelation 18:18 to signal total, fiery ruin.
- Lamentations 1:1 (thematic): A city-focused lament over desolation ('How doth the city sit solitary...') mirrors the mournful reaction to a great city's fall in Revelation 18:18—shared motifs of mourning and ruined urban greatness.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cast dust on their heads, and with weeping and mourning cried out, "Alas, alas, the great city, in which all who had ships at sea were made rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made desolate."
- and cried out as they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, 'What city is like this great city?'} , {
Rev.18.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εβαλον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- χουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εκραξαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- κλαιοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- πενθουντες: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,pl,m
- λεγοντες·Ουαι: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,pl,m
- ουαι: INTJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- επλουτησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- πλοια: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- θαλασση: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- τιμιοτητος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- μια: NUM,nom,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ηρημωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Lamentations 2:10 (verbal): Explicit mention of mourners 'casting up dust upon their heads'—same mourning gesture invoked in Rev 18:19.
- Ezekiel 27:25–36 (thematic): Lament for Tyre by seafaring merchants and traders (listing of maritime commerce and mourning for a great port city) parallels Babylon's destruction and the grief of those who profited by her shipping.
- Isaiah 47:1 (allusion): Babylon addressed with the image of humiliation ('Come down, and sit in the dust')—a prophetic motif of sudden downfall and public mourning that underlies Rev 18's portrayal.
- Revelation 18:11–17 (structural): Immediate internal parallel within the chapter: a detailed lament by the merchants enumerating goods and profits, explaining why shipowners and traders mourn Babylon's sudden destruction in one hour.
Alternative generated candidates
- Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, for God has executed judgment on her for you.
- They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships at sea were made rich by her wealth! For in one hour she has been made desolate.'
Rev.18.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ευφραινου: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,sg
- επ᾽αυτη: PREP + PRON,dat,sg,f
- ουρανε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αγιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αποστολοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- προφηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εκρινεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- κριμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- εξ: PREP
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.19:1-2 (verbal): Heaven and a heavenly multitude praise God because 'his judgments are true and just' and 'he has judged the great prostitute,' closely echoing 18:20's call for heaven and the saints/apostles/prophets to rejoice at God's judgment on Babylon.
- Rev.11:18 (thematic): Speaks of God’s coming judgment, the time to judge the dead, and to give reward to God's servants—themes of vindication and divine judgment that underpin the rejoicing called for in 18:20.
- Rev.6:10 (thematic): The martyred saints cry for God to 'judge and avenge our blood'; 18:20 answers that cry by calling saints, apostles, and prophets to rejoice because God has enacted that judgment.
- Rev.16:5-6 (verbal): Declares God's righteousness in judgment because 'they have shed the blood of saints and prophets,' providing the specific moral ground—vindication of saints and prophets—for the rejoicing summoned in 18:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then a strong angel took up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, "So will Babylon the great city be thrown down with violence, and never shall it be found again.
- Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, for God has pronounced judgment for you against her.
Rev.18.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηρεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ισχυρος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- λιθον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ως: ADV
- μυλινον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- μεγαν: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εβαλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- λεγων·Ουτως: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- ορμηματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- βληθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- Βαβυλων: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- πολις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ευρεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ετι: ADV
Parallels
- Jeremiah 51:63-64 (allusion): Jeremiah commands a prophetic object (a written scroll) to be cast into the waters as a sign that Babylon's judgment is irrevocable—parallel symbolic act of throwing an object into water to signify the city's destruction.
- Matthew 18:6 (verbal): Uses the image of a millstone and being drowned in the sea as the fitting fate for one who causes others to sin; shares the millstone+sea verbal motif of catastrophic judgment.
- Isaiah 47:2-3 (thematic): A prophetic taunt against Babylon calls for millstones and humiliation, linking the millstone imagery to the city's disgrace and downfall.
- Ezekiel 26:19-21 (structural): Oracle against a great maritime city (Tyre) depicting its destruction and desolation, including language of being left a bare rock and exposed to the sea—parallels the motif of a great city's utter removal by watery judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sound of harpists and musicians and flutists and trumpeters shall never be heard in you again; and no craftsman of any craft shall be found in you any more; and the sound of a mill shall never be heard in you any more;
- Then a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying, 'So will Babylon the great city be thrown down with violence, and will be found no more.'
Rev.18.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- κιθαρωδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- μουσικων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αυλητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- σαλπιστων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ακουσθη: VERB,aor,pass,sub,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- ετι: ADV
- και: CONJ
- πας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τεχνιτης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- πασης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- τεχνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ευρεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- ετι: ADV
- και: CONJ
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μυλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ακουσθη: VERB,aor,pass,sub,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- ετι: ADV
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:8 (verbal): Speaks of tambourines/harps and the noise of revelry being stilled—directly parallels the announcement that musical sounds will be heard in the city no more.
- Lamentations 5:15 (thematic): A lament over a devastated city where joy, song and dance have ceased; thematically parallels the cultural silence and loss of festivity in Rev 18:22.
- Ezekiel 27:32-36 (allusion): Ezekiel’s lament for Tyre lists merchants, craftsmen and the city’s loss—Revelation 18 echoes this lament-genre pattern (music, artisans, commerce silenced) in condemning a great city.
- Amos 5:23 (verbal): God’s rejection/removal of the noise of songs in judgment (‘take away from me the noise of your songs’) parallels the motif of musical silence as part of divine judgment in Rev 18:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the light of a lamp shall never shine in you any more; and the voice of a bridegroom and bride shall never be heard in you any more; for your merchants were the great men of the earth, and by your sorcery all nations were deceived.
- And the sound of harpists and musicians, of pipers and trumpeters, shall be heard in you no more; and no craftsman of any craft shall be found in you any more; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard in you no more;
Rev.18.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- φως: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- λυχνου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- φανη: VERB,aor,pass,sub,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- ετι: ADV
- και: CONJ
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- νυμφιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- νυμφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ακουσθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- ετι·οτι: ADV+CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εμποροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μεγιστανες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- φαρμακεια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- επλανηθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
Parallels
- Rev.18.11-13 (structural): Same chapter and scene: merchants of the earth lament over Babylon's fall and a catalogue of traded goods, developing the theme that Babylon's merchants were the 'great men' whose loss causes mourning.
- Jer.7.34 (verbal): Uses the identical motif and language—'the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride'—as a formula announcing the cessation of joy in a judged city; Revelation echoes this prophetic lament formula.
- Jer.16.9 (verbal): Repeats the same imagery of joy and nuptial voices ceasing under divine judgment; reinforces the literary and thematic debt of Revelation's denunciation to Jeremiah's oracle against communal festivities.
- Gal.5.20 (verbal): Contains the same Greek term φαρμακεία ('sorcery' or 'witchcraft') listed among the works of the flesh; provides a lexical parallel for Revelation's claim that 'by thy sorceries all nations were deceived.'
- Acts 8.9-11 (thematic): Narrates how Simon the magician amazed and deceived the people with magic—an illustrative instance of sorcery leading to popular deception, thematically paralleling Babylon's deception of the nations through 'sorceries.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints and of all who have been slain on the earth.
- and the light of a lamp shall shine in you no more; and the voice of bridegroom and bride shall be heard in you no more; for your merchants were the great ones of the earth, for by your sorcery all nations were deceived.
Rev.18.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- προφητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αγιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- ευρεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- εσφαγμενων: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,gen,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 17:6 (verbal): Describes the woman as 'drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus,' echoing the same imagery of blood of saints/martyrs found in 18:24.
- Revelation 16:6 (verbal): Speaks of nations 'pouring out the blood of saints and prophets' and God rendering them blood to drink, using the same phrase 'blood of prophets and saints' as in 18:24.
- Revelation 6:10 (thematic): The martyrs under the altar cry for God to avenge their blood, thematically linked to 18:24's indictment of a city found guilty of the blood of the prophets and saints.
- Matthew 23:35 (allusion): Jesus pronounces judgment by saying ‘that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth,’ echoing the theme of corporate guilt for shedding prophetic/righteous blood as in 18:24.
- Revelation 19:2 (thematic): Declares God has judged Babylon for corrupting the earth and 'has avenged the blood of his servants,' connecting the theme of divine judgment in retaliation for the blood of the faithful in 18:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slain on the earth.
Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, 'Come, I will show you the sentence upon the great prostitute who sits upon many waters.'
With whom the kings of the earth committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth were made drunk with the wine of her fornication. So he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness; and I saw a woman sitting upon a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names, having seven heads and ten horns.
The woman was clothed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls; in her hand she held a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of her fornication.
Upon her forehead was written a name, a mystery: 'BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.' And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints and the blood of the witnesses to Jesus. When I saw her, I marveled with great astonishment. So the angel said to me, 'Why do you marvel? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that bears her, which has the seven heads and ten horns.'
'The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to ascend from the abyss and go to destruction. And those who dwell on the earth, whose names have not been written in the Lamb’s book of life from the foundation of the world, will marvel when they see the beast that was, and is not, and will be present.'
'Here is the meaning of the seven heads: they are seven mountains on which the woman sits;'
'and there are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he does come, he must remain a little while.'
'The beast that was and is not is himself an eighth, and is one of the seven; and he goes to destruction.'
'The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority as kings with the beast for one hour.'
'These have one mind, and they give their power and authority to the beast.'
'They shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for he is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.'
Then he said to me, 'The waters that you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues.'
'The ten horns you saw and the beast shall hate the prostitute; they will make her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh and burn her with fire.'
'For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by having a common purpose, and to give their kingdom to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled.'
'And the woman that you saw is the great city that has dominion over the kings of the earth.'
After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority; and the earth was illumined with his glory. And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon the Great! She has become a dwelling place of demons and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hateful bird.'
'For all nations have drunk of the wine of the passion of her fornication; and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her; and the merchants of the earth have grown rich by the abundance of her luxury.'
Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, 'Come out of her, my people, that you may not participate in her sins and that you may not receive of her plagues;'
for her sins have reached to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.
Repay her as she has repaid, and double to her the double according to her works; in the cup that she mixed, mix twice for her.
To the degree that she glorified herself and lived deliciously, to that degree give her torment and mourning; for she says in her heart, 'I sit a queen; I am no widow; and I shall not see mourning.'
'Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death, and mourning, and famine; and she will be utterly burned with fire; for the Lord God who judges her is strong.' And the kings of the earth who committed fornication and lived luxuriously with her will weep and wail over her, when they see the smoke of her burning;
standing at a distance for fear of her torment, saying, 'Alas, alas, the great city, Babylon, the mighty city! For in one hour your judgment has come.' And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargoes any more;
cargo of gold and silver and precious stones and pearls and fine linen and purple and silk and scarlet, and all kinds of citron wood and every costly wood and articles of ivory and articles of costly wood and brass and iron and marble,
and cinnamon and spice and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep and horses and chariots and bodies and souls of men.
'The fruit that your soul longed for has gone from you, and all your delicacies and splendors are lost to you; never again will you find them.'
The merchants who were made rich by her will stand at a distance for fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,
and saying, 'Alas, alas, the great city that was clothed in fine linen and purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls!'
'For in one hour such great wealth has been laid waste.' Every shipmaster and passenger, sailors and as many as trade on the sea, stood far off,
and cried out when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, 'What city is like the great city?' And they cast dust on their heads and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, 'Alas, alas, the great city, wherein were made rich all who had ships at sea by reason of her wealth; for in one hour she has been made desolate.'
Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets, for God has avenged you on her!
Then a strong angel took up a stone like a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying, 'Thus with violence the great city Babylon will be thrown down, and will be found no more.' And the sound of harpists and musicians and flutists and trumpeters will be heard no more in you; and no craftsman of any craft will be found in you any more; and the sound of a millstone will be heard no more in you;
and the light of a lamp will shine in you no more; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride will be heard in you no more; for your merchants were the great men of the earth, because by your sorcery all the nations were deceived. And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slain upon the earth.