Psalms 28–9
Psalm 28:1-9
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Psa.28.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- צורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אל: NEG
- תחרש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
- פן: CONJ
- תחשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,fs
- ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
- ונמשלתי: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- עם: PREP
- יורדי: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ps.18:2 (verbal): Addresses God as 'my rock' (צורי), using the same epithet for God as refuge and strength—parallel imagery and trust-language.
- Ps.143:7 (verbal): Petition for an immediate answer and plea 'do not hide your face' parallels Ps 28:1's request that Yahweh not be silent or withdraw.
- Ps.130:1 (thematic): Opening cry 'Out of the depths I cry to you, O LORD!' shares the motif of crying to God from the depths/pit and urgent plea for help.
- Jonah 2:2 (thematic): Jonah's prayer 'out of the belly of Sheol I cried' echoes the 'going down to the pit' imagery and the expectation that God hears from the pit.
- Ps.22:1 (thematic): An anguished cry of apparent divine silence ('My God... why have you forsaken me?')—the theme of feeling abandoned by God and fearing demise parallels Ps 28:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- To you, O LORD, I call; my Rock, be not silent to me—do not be deaf to me, lest you be silent and I be like those who go down to the pit.
- To you, O LORD, I call; my Rock, do not be silent to me—do not hide yourself from me, lest you be silent and I become like those who go down to the pit.
Psa.28.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחנוני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- בשועי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- בנשאי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,1,ms
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- אל: NEG
- דביר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדשך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
Parallels
- Psalm 141:2 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: both speak of prayer as an offering and specifically mention the lifting up of hands as part of the supplication.
- Psalm 134:2 (verbal): Both verses command or describe the lifting up of hands in the sanctuary ('Lift up your hands in the sanctuary' vs. 'I lift up my hands toward your holy oracle'), linking gesture and sacred place.
- Psalm 63:4 (thematic): Shared theme of lifting up hands to God in worship and blessing during devotion; Psalm 63:4 ties the gesture to blessing and praise as Psalm 28:2 ties it to petition.
- 1 Kings 8:29–30 (structural): Solomon's temple-prayer petitions that God 'hear the prayer and supplication' when people pray toward the house/place—paralleling the Psalmist's cry directed toward God's holy oracle/inner sanctuary.
- 1 Timothy 2:8 (allusion): New Testament instruction echoes the practice of praying 'lifting up holy hands' without anger, reflecting the same physical posture of petition attested in the Psalm.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hear the voice of my pleading when I cry to you; when I lift up my hands to your holy sanctuary, hear me.
- Hear the voice of my plea when I cry to you; when I lift up my hands toward your holy sanctuary.
Psa.28.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אל: NEG
- תמשכני: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועם: CONJ+PREP
- פעלי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- און: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- רעיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp-suf
- ורעה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלבבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp-suf
Parallels
- Psalm 1:1 (thematic): Both warn against walking in the counsel or company of the wicked and stress separation from evildoers.
- Psalm 26:4-5 (verbal): Uses similar language and theme—refusal to sit with deceitful or wicked people and to share in their company.
- Proverbs 12:20 (thematic): Contrasts deceitful hearts that plan evil with those who promote peace, paralleling the contrast between words of peace and inner mischief.
- Ezekiel 13:10-16 (quotation): Condemns false prophets who 'say,
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not draw me away with the wicked, with those who work iniquity—who speak peace to their neighbors while evil is in their hearts.
- Do not drag me away with the wicked, with workers of iniquity—who speak peace with their neighbors while evil is in their hearts.
Psa.28.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תן: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כפעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- וכרע: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעלליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- כמעשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- תן: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- השב: VERB,hif,imp,2,m,sg
- גמולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Romans 2:6 (verbal): Explicit New Testament formulation: 'God will render to each one according to his works' echoes the demand that enemies be given according to their deeds.
- Deuteronomy 32:35 (verbal): Uses the language of recompense/repayment ('Vengeance is mine, I will repay') paralleling the psalm's call for God to give back to people what their hands have done.
- Psalm 7:16 (thematic): Speaks of the mischief of the wicked returning on their own heads—same theme of retributive justice found in Psalm 28:4.
- Proverbs 26:27 (thematic): Imagery of a man's actions returning upon himself ('he that diggeth a pit shall fall into it') echoes the idea of receiving the fruit of one's own deeds.
Alternative generated candidates
- Repay them according to their deeds and according to the evil of their practices; give them what their hands have done—render to them their due reward.
- Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of their practices; repay them according to the work of their hands—give them their recompense.
Psa.28.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבינו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- פעלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
- יהרסם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יבנם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 115:4-8 (verbal): Contrasts the living God’s works with lifeless objects made by human hands; the language of 'works/hands' and the futility of those who trust in or make such things echoes Ps 28:5’s critique of those who do not regard the LORD’s works.
- Psalm 78:32-37 (thematic): Recounts Israel’s refusal to believe despite God’s wonders; thematically parallels Ps 28:5’s point that people do not heed or understand the LORD’s deeds and so incur judgment.
- Romans 1:20-21 (allusion): Paul argues that God’s invisible attributes are evident in creation yet people fail to honor or understand him; this New Testament reflection parallels Ps 28:5’s claim that people do not perceive the works of the LORD and thus face consequences.
- Psalm 94:8-9 (verbal): Urges the senseless to understand and rhetorically stresses that the Creator perceives (plants the ear, forms the eye); the call to recognize God’s activity and the rebuke of failure to perceive it parallels Ps 28:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- For they do not understand the work of the LORD, nor the operation of his hands; he will break them down and not build them up.
- For they do not understand the deeds of the LORD, nor the works of his hands; he will break them down and will not build them up.
Psa.28.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחנוני: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
Parallels
- Psalm 116:1-2 (verbal): Directly parallels the wording and idea — the psalmist declares love for the LORD because He has heard his voice and supplications, closely matching Ps 28:6’s thanksgiving for God’s hearing.
- Psalm 66:19 (verbal): Expresses the same confidence that God has heard and attended to the voice of prayer; language and theme closely mirror Ps 28:6’s declaration of blessing for God’s hearing.
- Psalm 18:6 (=2 Samuel 22:7) (thematic): The psalmist recounts crying to the LORD in distress and God’s hearing of his voice — similar situational background and emphasis on God’s responsive hearing in Ps 28:6.
- Psalm 40:1-2 (thematic): Describes waiting on the LORD and God inclining to hear the psalmist’s cry, thematically paralleling the grateful acknowledgement in Ps 28:6 that God has heard prayer.
- Isaiah 65:24 (allusion): Speaks of God answering before or when people call — a related theological motif of God’s attentive hearing that undergirds the thanksgiving expressed in Ps 28:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Blessed be the LORD, for he has heard the voice of my supplication.
- Blessed be the LORD, for he has heard the voice of my plea.
Psa.28.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עזי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- ומגני: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בטח: ADV
- לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- ונעזרתי: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- ויעלז: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- ומשירי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- אהודנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg+obj:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 15:2 (verbal): 'The LORD is my strength and my song' — the Song of Moses uses nearly identical language, linking divine deliverance with trust and praise.
- Psalm 118:14 (verbal): 'The LORD is my strength and my song' — a later thanksgiving hymn that echoes the same confession of God as strength leading to rejoicing.
- Psalm 18:1-2 (thematic): Davidic thanksgiving/royal victory-song language: God as rock/fortress/strength and protector, matching the themes of trust, help, and exultation in Ps 28:7.
- 2 Samuel 22:2-3 (structural): David's song (parallel to Psalm 18) repeats motifs of Yahweh as strength, shield, and deliverer — structurally similar poetic theology of trust and praise found in Ps 28:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD is my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped. Therefore my heart rejoices, and with my song I will praise him.
- The LORD is my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped. Therefore my heart rejoices, and with my song I will give him praise.
Psa.28.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ומעוז: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישועות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- משיחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 20:6 (verbal): Explicitly says the LORD saves his anointed—close verbal/content parallel to ‘the LORD ... the salvation of his anointed.’
- Psalm 18:2 (verbal): LORD described as rock/fortress and deliverer—language of strength and salvation parallels Psalm 28:8’s depiction of God as strength and salvation.
- Psalm 46:1 (thematic): ‘God is our refuge and strength’—shares the theme of the LORD as the people’s strength and place of deliverance.
- Isaiah 12:2 (verbal): ‘Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust... the LORD is my strength’—combines the motifs of God as strength and salvation found in Ps 28:8.
- Psalm 2:2 (allusion): Speaks of ‘the LORD and his Anointed’—connects to the referent ‘his anointed’ in Ps 28:8 and the messianic/royal usage of מָשִׁיחַ.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD is the strength of his people and a stronghold of salvation for his anointed.
- The LORD is their strength, and he is the stronghold of salvation for his anointed.
Psa.28.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הושיעה: VERB,hiph,imp,2,ms
- את: PRT,acc
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- וברך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- נחלתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
- ורעם: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg+3mp
- ונשאם: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg+3mp
- עד: PREP
- העולם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 40:11 (verbal): Uses the same shepherding imagery—'He will tend his flock... gather the lambs in his arms, and carry them'—which echoes Ps 28:9's 'shepherd them and carry them forever.'
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (thematic): God portrayed as shepherd who seeks, rescues, and gathers Israel; parallels the petition to 'save your people' and to shepherd/protect your inheritance.
- John 10:27-28 (thematic): Jesus as the Good Shepherd who gives eternal life and will not lose his sheep—resonates with the promise/plea in Ps 28:9 to shepherd and carry the people 'forever.'
- Psalm 106:47 (verbal): A closely similar communal plea—'Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the nations'—matching the concise petitional language of 'Save your people' in Ps 28:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Save your people and bless your inheritance; shepherd them and carry them for ever.
- Save your people and bless your inheritance; shepherd them and carry them forever.
To you, O LORD, I cry; my rock, do not be silent to me—do not be deaf to me, lest, if you are silent, I become like those who go down to the pit.
Hear the voice of my supplication when I cry to you; when I lift up my hands toward your holy inner court.
Do not drag me away with the wicked, with those who work iniquity and speak peace to their neighbors while evil is in their hearts.
Give them according to their deeds and according to the evil of their actions; give them their recompense, according to the work of their hands—repay them what they deserve.
For they do not regard the works of the LORD or understand the work of his hands; he will destroy them and will not build them.
Blessed be the LORD, for he has heard the voice of my supplication.
The LORD is my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped. Therefore my heart rejoices, and with my song I will praise him.
The LORD is their strength; he is a stronghold of salvation for his anointed.
Save your people and bless your inheritance; shepherd them and carry them forever.