David’s Mighty Men and Warriors
1 Chronicles 11:10-47
1 C.11.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- הגבורים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לדויד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- המתחזקים: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,pl,m,def
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- במלכותו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להמליכו: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf,3,m,sg
- כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): Narrative parallel: the elders and all Israel gather to make David king at Hebron, echoing Chronicles' statement that the mighty men supported David's enthronement 'according to the word of the LORD.'
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (verbal): Lists David's 'mighty men' (Gibborim); the catalog of warriors corresponds to Chronicles' 'heads of the mighty men' who strengthened David in his kingdom.
- 1 Chronicles 12:23-40 (structural): Parallel Chronicler passage listing groups of warriors who came to Hebron to make David king; repeats the theme of armed support for David's accession.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1 (structural): Immediate literary context: 'All Israel gathered to David at Hebron'—the same event to which verse 11:10 refers, framing the mighty men's role in securing the kingship.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the chiefs of the mighty men who belonged to David—those who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.
- These are the chiefs of the mighty men who belonged to David—those who strengthened themselves with him in his kingship, with all Israel, to make him king according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.
1 C.11.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לדויד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ישבעם: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חכמוני: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלישים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- עורר: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חניתו: NOUN,f,sg,suff-3ms
- על: PREP
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חלל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:8 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Samuel list of David’s mighty men; same claim that Jashobeam (or Adino in some manuscripts) slew 300 men with his spear at one time.
- 2 Samuel 23:11-12 (thematic): Nearby episodes in the same Samuel passage recount other extraordinary feats by David’s three chief warriors (Eleazar and Shammah), showing the same tradition of individual heroic exploits.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-7 (thematic): Another Chronicles passage listing warriors who joined David (at Ziklag/Hebron); thematically related as part of the broader tradition of David’s elite fighters and their recruitment.
- Judges 15:15 (thematic): A comparable motif of a single Israelite hero killing a great number of enemies (Samson slays many with the jawbone), reflecting the biblical trope of solitary martial prowess.
Alternative generated candidates
- Of the number of the men who were David’s: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni—chief of the three—he thrust his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time.
- And this is the number of the mighty men who belonged to David: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni, chief of the three—he thrust his spear into three hundred slain in one encounter.
1 C.11.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחריו: CONJ+PREP,after,3,m,sg
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דודו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחוחי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- בשלושה: PREP+NUM,3,pl
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:8-12 (quotation): Direct parallel list of David’s mighty men; identifies Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite as one of the three and recounts his exploit against the Philistines.
- 2 Sam.23:9-10 (verbal): Same brief portrait of Eleazar as one of the three mighty men and the occasion of his heroic stand—verbal and narrative overlap with the Chronicles entry.
- 1 Chr.11:11 (structural): Immediate context in the same Chronicles roster—the preceding entry in the sequence of David’s chief warriors, explaining the ‘after him’ relationship.
- 1 Chr.11:13 (structural): The following entry in the Chronicles list (Shammah), which together with Eleazar and the preceding man composes the triad of ‘the three’ mentioned in v.12.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite—he was one of the three mighty men.
- After him Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men.
1 C.11.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בפס: PREP
- דמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והפלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נאספו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- שם: ADV
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- חלקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלאה: ADV
- שעורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- נסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מפני: PREP
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
Parallels
- 2 Sam 23:11-12 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the same episode at Pas Dammim — Philistines assembled, the field full of barley, the people fled before the Philistines, and one of David’s men stood and fought.
- 2 Sam 23:8-12 (structural): The broader Samuel passage containing the list of David’s mighty men; provides the same sequence of exploits (contextual parallel to Chronicles’ roster of warriors).
- 1 Sam 17:32-47 (thematic): David’s lone confrontation with the Philistines (Goliath) where Israel is dismayed and a single hero stands against the Philistine threat — similar motif of individual valor turning the tide.
- Judg 7:21-22 (thematic): Account of a small band causing a rout of a larger enemy and the enemy’s consequent flight — thematically parallels the scene of panic before the Philistines and decisive action by a few.
Alternative generated candidates
- He had been with David at Pas-dammim, when the Philistines were gathered there for battle; and there was a plot of barley full of standing grain, and the people fled before the Philistines.
- He was with David at Pas-dammim when the Philistines assembled there for battle; and the plot of barley was full of the crop, and the people fled before the Philistines.
1 C.11.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתיצבו: VERB,hitpael,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- בתוך: PREP
- החלקה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויצילוה: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,pl
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ויושע: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- תשועה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גדולה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:13-17 (verbal): Direct parallel narrative: Samuel recounts the same exploit of David’s mighty men entering/standing in the midst of the plot and striking the Philistines; wording and sequence closely correspond to Chronicles’ account.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-12 (structural): Structural parallel: the wider list of David’s mighty men in Samuel corresponds to Chronicles’ roster and the description of their heroic deeds, of which v.11–14 is part.
- 2 Samuel 5:17-25 (thematic): Thematic parallel: David’s repeated conflicts with the Philistines and the motif of YHWH granting victory—Samuel’s account of God’s deliverance echoes Chronicles’ phrase that ‘the LORD saved with a great salvation.’
- 1 Samuel 17:45-47 (thematic): Thematic parallel: David’s decisive deliverance of Israel from the Philistines (Goliath episode); both passages attribute victory over the Philistines to YHWH and portray David and his men as instruments of that salvation.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they stood their ground in the middle of that plot and delivered it; they struck the Philistines, and the LORD brought about a great deliverance.
- But they stood in the midst of the plot and defended it, and they struck down the Philistines; and the LORD brought about a great victory.
1 C.11.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירדו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שלושה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- מן: PREP
- השלושים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הצר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- מערת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עדלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחנה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בעמק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רפאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23.13 (quotation): Direct parallel/quotation of the same incident: three of the thirty went down to David at the cave of Adullam while the Philistine force was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
- 2 Sam.23.14-17 (structural): Continuation of the same episode giving the fuller story of the three mighty men breaking through the Philistine lines and bringing water from the well near Bethlehem for David.
- 1 Sam.22.1 (allusion): Earlier account of David at the cave of Adullam where he and his family and followers gathered—same refuge/location referenced here.
- 2 Sam.5.17 (thematic): Mentions the Philistine encampment in the Valley of Rephaim and David's military engagement there—same geographic/military context as the Chronicles verse.
Alternative generated candidates
- Three of the thirty chiefs went down and came to David at the cave of Adullam, while the Philistine camp was in the valley of Rephaim.
- Three of the thirty chiefs went down and came to David at the cave of Adullam, while the Philistine garrison was in the valley of Rephaim.
1 C.11.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודויד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אז: ADV
- במצודה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונציב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- אז: ADV
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:15 (verbal): A close verbal parallel — Samuel recounts the same situation (David in the stronghold while the Philistines were at Bethlehem); Chronicles 11:16 echoes this wording and circumstance.
- 2 Samuel 23:13-17 (structural): Both passages are part of the same episode about David’s mighty men breaking through Philistine lines to get water from Bethlehem; Chronicles compresses/recasts material found here in Samuel.
- 2 Samuel 5:7 (thematic): Echoes the motif of David occupying 'the stronghold' (Zion); Chronicles’ reference to David in the stronghold resonates with the narrative of David’s capture/holding of the fortress in 2 Samuel 5:7.
- 2 Samuel 5:17 (thematic): Related theme of Philistine hostilities while David occupies a fortified position; though Samuel places the Philistines at different localities, both texts link David’s stronghold with imminent Philistine threat.
Alternative generated candidates
- At that time David was in the stronghold, and the Philistine garrison was then at Bethlehem.
- David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then at Bethlehem.
1 C.11.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתאיו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- ישקני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:15-17 (verbal): Direct parallel account of David’s longing for water from the well/ἀhouse of Bethlehem; the three mighty men fetch water—close verbal and narrative correspondence.
- 1 Chronicles 11:16 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter introducing the men who risked their lives to get the water mentioned in v.17.
- 1 Chronicles 11:18-19 (structural): Continuation of the episode: David’s reaction and his refusal to drink the water, pouring it out as an offering—completes the same narrative.
- Psalm 63:1 (thematic): Davidic imagery of thirst and longing (‘my soul thirsts for you’)—the physical desire for water echoes spiritual longing motifs connected to David.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David said longingly, "Oh that someone would bring me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, at the gate!"
- David longed and said, “Oh that someone would bring me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem that is by the gate!”
1 C.11.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבקעו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- השלשה: NUM,m,pl,def
- במחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- וישאבו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשתותם: PREP+VERB,inf,qal
- וינסך: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:15-17 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the same incident: three of David’s mighty men fetch water from the well of Bethlehem and David refuses to drink it, pouring it out as an offering to the LORD.
- 2 Samuel 23:13-17 (structural): Broader Samuel context that frames the exploit of the three warriors (their breach of the Philistine camp and the bringing of water), showing the episode within the list of David’s mighty men.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (thematic): The wider catalogue of David’s mighty men in Samuel corresponds to the Chronicler’s list (1 Chr 11:10–47), situating this episode among the traditions celebrating David’s champions.
- 1 Chronicles 11:17-19 (verbal): Immediate parallel within Chronicles—the surrounding verses recount the same three men's deed and David’s reaction, providing the Chronicle’s own framing and wording of the episode.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the three broke through the camp of the Philistines, drew water from the well of Bethlehem at the gate, carried it back to David—but David would not drink it; he poured it out to the LORD.
- And the three broke through the camp of the Philistines, drew water from the well of Bethlehem that was by the gate, and brought it to David; but David would not drink it. He poured it out to the LORD
1 C.11.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חלילה: INTJ
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- מאלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr
- מעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- אשתה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- בנפשותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,poss,3,pl
- כי: CONJ
- בנפשותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,poss,3,pl
- הביאום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לשתותם: PREP+VERB,qal,inf,3,pl
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- הגבורים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:15-17 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the three men bringing water to David; verse 17 records David’s refusal to drink and his pouring out the water to the LORD — nearly identical wording to the Chronicles account.
- 2 Sam.23:18-19 (structural): Names and deeds of the three mighty men (Jashobeam, Eleazar, Shammah) as in Chronicles 11:18–19; provides the fuller Samuel list corresponding to this verse.
- 1 Chr.11:18 (structural): Immediate parallel verse in the same chapter that introduces the three mighty men and sets up the action described in 11:19 — same narrative unit and wording tradition.
- 2 Sam.23:13 (thematic): Beginning of the Samuel episode recounting how David’s warriors broke through Philistine lines to fetch water; thematically parallels the valor and the costly risk for which David refuses to drink the water.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, "Far be it from me, O LORD, that I should do this—shall I drink the blood of these men who put their lives in jeopardy?" For they had risked their lives and brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. Such were the deeds of the three mighty men.
- and said, “Far be it from me, O LORD, that I should do this—shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives?” For by their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did the three mighty men.
1 C.11.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואבשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- יואב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלושה: NUM,m,pl,def
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- עורר: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חניתו: NOUN,f,sg,suff-3ms
- על: PREP
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חלל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- בשלושה: PREP
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:18 (quotation): Direct parallel account: names Abishai (son of Zeruiah) and records that he thrust his spear into three hundred men and had renown among the three—essentially the same report as 1 Chron 11:20.
- 2 Samuel 23:13-17 (thematic): Describes the exploits of 'the three' mighty men who risked their lives for David (breaking into the Philistine camp and fetching water), providing thematic background for the designation 'chief of the three.'
- 2 Samuel 23:8 (structural): Part of the list of David's chief warriors and the office/hierarchy among the mighty men; furnishes structural context for the title 'chief of the three' applied to Abishai.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): The broader Chronicles listing of David's mighty men in which v.20 appears; situates this verse within the collective catalogue of warrior exploits and titles.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abishai, Joab’s brother, was chief of the three; he thrust his spear against three hundred and killed them, and he had a name among the three.
- Abishai, Joab’s brother, was chief of the three; he raised his spear against three hundred and struck them down, and he had a name among the three.
1 C.11.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מן: PREP
- השלושה: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בשנים: PREP+NUM,m,pl
- נכבד: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- השלושה: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23.20 (verbal): Direct parallel in Samuel: same wording about being highly esteemed among the three, being chief of the thirty, yet not being included among the three.
- 2 Sam.23.8-12 (structural): Contextual background listing 'the three' and 'the thirty' (the elite warriors) to which 1 Chr 11:21 refers; shows the institutional roles and named members of the three.
- 1 Chr.11.10-47 (structural): The larger chronicler's account of David's mighty men; 1 Chr 11:21 sits within this parallel list to Samuel and repeats the same ordering and titles.
- 1 Chr.12.1-22 (thematic): Another chronicler's catalog of warriors who joined David (organization, ranks, and honorifics), thematically related to the social/military distinctions (the three vs. the thirty) in 1 Chr 11:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- He was the most honored of the thirty and became their captain, though he was not included among the three.
- He was more honorable than the thirty and became their captain, though he did not attain to the first three.
1 C.11.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- פעלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מן: PREP
- קבצאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- אריאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- ירד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בתוך: PREP
- הבור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- השלג: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:20-21 (quotation): Almost identical account: Benaiah son of Jehoiada strikes down two Moabite heroes and kills a lion in a pit — direct parallel to Chronicles' report.
- 2 Samuel 23:23 (thematic): Lists Benaiah among David’s mighty warriors, confirming his identity and status referenced in the Chronicles episode.
- 1 Kings 2:35 (structural): Later appointment of Benaiah as commander over the army under Solomon, showing the continuation of his military role introduced by the lion/heroic exploits.
- Judges 14:5-6 (thematic): Samson’s slaying of a lion — a parallel heroic motif of a warrior killing a lion that frames ancient Israelite heroism and narrative tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Benaiah son of Jehoiada, a valiant man of Kabzeel—he did many mighty deeds. He struck down two Arameans of Moab; he also went down and killed a lion in a pit on a snowy day.
- Benaiah son of Jehoiada, a valiant man from Kabzeel, did mighty deeds. He struck down two lionlike men of Moab; he went down and struck down a lion in a pit on a snowy day.
1 C.11.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המצרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- באמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וביד: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- חנית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כמנור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארגים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בשבט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויגזל: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החנית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מיד: PREP
- המצרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויהרגהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,sg
- בחניתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:22 (quotation): Direct parallel in Samuel: recounts the same episode of Benaiah striking down an Egyptian of great stature, taking the spear from him and killing him—language closely mirrors Chronicles.
- 2 Samuel 23:20-23 (verbal): The wider Samuel passage lists Benaiah’s exploits (two Moabites, a lion, the Egyptian); Chronicles 11:22–23 correspond to this cluster of deeds and largely repeat the Samuel tradition.
- 1 Chronicles 11:22 (structural): The immediately preceding verse in Chronicles narrates the related feats (slaying two Moabites and a lion), forming the same unit that highlights Benaiah’s heroic actions.
- 1 Samuel 17:50 (thematic): The motif of an Israelite hero defeating a towering foe (David’s slaying of Goliath) is thematically parallel—single combat against a 'man of great stature' and victory against a seemingly superior warrior.
- 2 Samuel 8:18 (allusion): Mentions Benaiah son of Jehoiada in a leadership role (over the Cherethites and Pelethites), reinforcing the identification of the same warrior celebrated for his exploits in 1 Chronicles 11 and 2 Samuel 23.
Alternative generated candidates
- He struck down an Egyptian of great stature—five cubits tall—whose spear was like a weaver’s beam; Benaiah went down against him with a club, wrested the spear from the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with it.
- And he killed an Egyptian warrior, a man of great stature—five cubits tall; in his hand he wielded a spear like a weaver’s beam. Benaiah went down to him with a club, wrested the spear from the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.
1 C.11.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בניהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- בשלושה: PREP+NUM,m,pl
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam 23:20-23 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Benaiah son of Jehoiada’s exploits (killing two Moabites, a lion in a pit, and an Egyptian) and his standing among David’s elite warriors; essentially the same material as 1 Chr 11:22–24.
- 2 Sam 23:8-12 (structural): Passage naming the three principal ‘mighty men’ (the elite trio) whose status provides the background for the claim that Benaiah ‘had a name among the three’.
- 2 Sam 8:18 (thematic): Notes Benaiah’s high office (over the Cherethites and Pelethites / David’s bodyguard), corroborating his distinguished rank referred to in 1 Chr 11:24.
- 1 Chr 11:10-47 (structural): The broader listing of David’s mighty men in Chronicles in which v.24 is embedded; shows the same tradition of heroic deeds and the honor accorded to these warriors.
Alternative generated candidates
- These things did Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he had a name among the three mighty men.
- These things did Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he had a name among the three mighty men.
1 C.11.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מן: PREP
- השלושים: NUM,m,pl,def
- הנו: PRON,dem,m,sg
- נכבד: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- השלושה: NUM,m,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וישימהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- משמעתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:20-23 (verbal): Same episode concerning Benaiah (son of Jehoiada): recounts his exploits and states his high standing among David’s warriors, paralleling Chronicles’ notice about his rank and duties.
- 2 Sam.23:23 (verbal): Samuel states Benaiah was “more honorable than the thirty” and places him with the top three—this wording closely parallels Chronicles though the two books differ on whether he was among the three (textual/variant issue).
- 2 Sam.8:18 (structural): Identifies Benaiah as over the Cherethites and Pelethites (David’s bodyguard), directly paralleling 1 Chr 11:25’s statement that David set him over his guard.
- 1 Kings 2:35 (thematic): In Solomon’s reign Benaiah is appointed over the army/host, showing continuity of the office described in Chronicles (David’s appointment of Benaiah as commander/guardian).
Alternative generated candidates
- He was honored among the thirty, though he was not numbered among the three; and David set him over his bodyguard.
- He was more honorable than the thirty; yet he did not belong to the three. David placed him over his bodyguard.
1 C.11.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגבורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- החילים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- יואב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלחנן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דודו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:28-29 (verbal): Parallel roster of David’s mighty men; explicitly names Asahel (brother of Joab) and Elhanan son of Dodo the Bethlehemite, mirroring the names in 1 Chr 11:26.
- 2 Samuel 2:18-23 (thematic): Narrative account of Asahel, identified as Joab’s brother and a fierce warrior, who is slain by Abner—provides biographical background for the Asahel named in 1 Chr 11:26.
- 1 Chronicles 20:5 (verbal): Records Elhanan son of Dodo of Bethlehem slaying Lahmi, brother of Goliath; links the same Elhanan listed among David’s mighty men in 1 Chr 11:26.
- 2 Samuel 21:19 (allusion): Masoretic reading attributes the killing of Goliath to an Elhanan (a textual variant); this verse is often cited in textual-critical discussion relating to the Elhanan of 1 Chr 11:26 and 1 Chr 20:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the mighty warriors were: the brother of Joab—Elhanan son of Dodo of Bethlehem.
- And the mighty men were: Elhanan son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
1 C.11.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ההרורי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חלץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפלוני: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:27 (verbal): Direct parallel in Samuel’s catalogue of David’s mighty men — the same personal name(s) appears in the corresponding list.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The entire section in 2 Samuel corresponds to 1 Chronicles 11’s roster of David’s warriors; Chronicles largely reproduces and rearranges this Samuel list.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-40 (thematic): Another contiguous list of men who joined David (from various tribes and places); thematically related as complementary material to the roster of David’s supporters.
- 1 Samuel 22:2 (thematic): An earlier account describing the band of men who rallied to David (those in distress, debt, or discontent), which provides background for the emergence of his followers listed in Chronicles and Samuel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shammoth the Harorite; Helez the Paltite.
- Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Paltite,
1 C.11.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עירא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עקש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- התקועי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אביעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הענתותי: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23.26 (verbal): Gives the same name and designation — “Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite” — as part of David’s list of mighty men (direct verbal parallel).
- 2 Sam.23:8-39 (structural): The broader Samuel list of David’s warriors that corresponds to the list in 1 Chronicles 11; 1 Chr 11:28 fits into this parallel catalog of mighty men.
- 1 Chr.12.6 (allusion): Another Chronicles list of warriors (those who joined David) that includes Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, reflecting a variant/related tradition of the same figure.
- 1 Chr.11:10-47 (structural): The immediate Chronicler’s compilation of David’s mighty men; 1 Chr 11:28 is embedded in this chapter’s roster and parallels material in Samuel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite; Abiezer the Anathothite.
- Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite,
1 C.11.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- סבכי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- החשתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עילי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחוחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:8 (quotation): Direct parallel in Samuel’s list of David’s mighty men — names Jashobeam/the Hachmonite and the leading captains mirrored in Chronicles.
- 2 Samuel 23:9 (verbal): Repeats the epithet and genealogy (Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite) and connects the same figures and tribal/ethnic labels found in 1 Chronicles 11:29.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): The broader section in Chronicles that contains verse 29; the verse is part of this organized list of David’s warriors and their deeds.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (thematic): Another account of warriors who rallied to David (by tribe and origin); thematically parallels the presentation of military supporters and tribal affiliations.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sibbecai the Hushathite; Ilai the Ahohite.
- Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
1 C.11.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מהרי: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,f,sg
- הנטפתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- חלד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בענה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הנטופתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:29 (verbal): Direct parallel in Samuel's list of David's mighty men; many of the same personal names (e.g., the Netophathites) appear here in corresponding position.
- 2 Sam.23:29-39 (structural): The broader passage in 2 Samuel contains the full roster of David's warriors that corresponds to 1 Chronicles 11:30–47, showing the same tradition of names arranged as a unit.
- 1 Chr.11:10-47 (structural): Internal parallel within Chronicles: the verse is part of this larger, continuous list of David's mighty men and should be read in the context of the entire roster.
- 1 Chr.12:1-40 (thematic): Related catalogue of men who came to David at Ziklag and Hebron; thematically parallels the presentation of David's supporters and warriors found in 1 Chronicles 11.
Alternative generated candidates
- Maharai the Netophathite; Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite.
- Mahrai the Netophathite, Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
1 C.11.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ריבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,1,sg
- מגבעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- בניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m
- הפרעתני: VERB,hif,perf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:29 (quotation): Direct parallel/near-verbatim listing of Ithai (Ithai) son of Ribai from Gibeah among David’s mighty men.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The broader list of David’s 'mighty men' in Samuel corresponds to the list in 1 Chronicles 11, placing Ithai within the same roll of warriors.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): The chapter containing verse 31 is part of the chronicler’s compilation of David’s mighty men and parallels the Samuel list for context and arrangement.
- Judges 19:14 (thematic): Mentions Gibeah as a town of Benjamin, providing background for Ithai’s origin (Gibeah of the Benjamites).
- Judges 20:45 (thematic): Describes warfare involving the Benjamites at Gibeah, thematically linking the place and the tribe to martial activity and Benjaminite identity relevant to Ithai.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah of the Benjaminites; Benaiah the Pirathonite.
- Ittai son of Ribai of Gibeah of the Benjaminites, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
1 C.11.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חורי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מנחלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- געש: NOUN,m,sg,abs,proper
- אביאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הערבתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:30 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — the same names appear (Hurai/Huri of the brooks of Gaash; Abiel the Arbathite) in the list of David’s mighty men.
- 2 Samuel 23:29-39 (structural): Corresponding section in Samuel that preserves the roster of David’s 'Thirty' and other warriors, paralleling Chronicles’ list.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): Immediate literary parallel — the verse is part of this chapter’s full catalogue of David’s warriors; the chapter and verse form a single integrated list.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-7 (thematic): Thematic parallel — another Chronicles passage listing men who joined David (warriors from various regions), relating to the broader theme of David’s supporters and elite fighters.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hurai from the ravines of Gaash; Abiel the Arbathite.
- Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
1 C.11.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עזמות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבחרומי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אליחבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השעלבני: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23.31 (quotation): Direct parallel in the Davidic 'mighty men' roster: the same names (Azmaveth/Barhumite; Eliahba/Shaalbonite) appear in 2 Samuel's list.
- 2 Sam.23.8-39 (structural): The entire section in 2 Samuel presents the roster of David's mighty men that corresponds to the list found in 1 Chronicles 11.
- 1 Chr.11.10-47 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles: the fuller context and sequence of David's warriors in the same chapter, of which v.33 is one entry.
- 1 Chr.12.1-40 (thematic): Another chronicler's list of warriors who joined David (different groupings and occasions), thematically related as accounts of David's supporting fighters.
Alternative generated candidates
- Azmaveth the Baharumite; Elihab the Shaalbonite.
- Azmaveth the Barhumite, Elihab the Shaalbite,
1 C.11.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- השם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגזוני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שגה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההררי: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:34 (verbal): Direct parallel in the parallel roster of David’s mighty men; the same name (Jonathan son of Shagee the Hararite/Hararite) appears in the Samuel list.
- 2 Sam.23:29-39 (structural): The broader section in 2 Samuel that corresponds to 1 Chronicles 11’s catalogue of David’s warriors—the same sequence of names and subdivisions is preserved.
- 1 Chr.11:26-47 (structural): The surrounding section in Chronicles that contains the full roster of David’s mighty men of which v.34 is a part; the verse is one entry in this chapter-long list.
- 1 Chr.12:1-22 (thematic): A related catalogue of warriors who joined David at Hebron; thematically connected as another compilation of David’s supporters and elite fighters in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jonathan son of Shage the Hararite.
- Jonathan son of Shage the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
1 C.11.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחיאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההררי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אליפל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:24-39 (verbal): Direct parallel list in Samuel of David’s “mighty men” (the same tradition of individual names); the Chronicler’s roster in 1 Chr 11:34–47 corresponds to this Samuel list.
- 2 Sam.23:8-12 (thematic): Earlier section in Samuel that frames the elite warriors (the “three” and other mighty men); thematically parallels the Chronicler’s emphasis on David’s warrior band and its leaders.
- 1 Chr.11:34-47 (structural): Immediate literary context: the verse is part of this extended list of David’s mighty men in Chronicles; the surrounding verses give the same roster and function as a unit.
- 1 Chr.12:1-22 (thematic): Another Chronicler list of warriors who joined David at Hebron; thematically parallels 1 Chr 11’s roster by preserving traditions about the composition and origins of David’s fighting men.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite; Eliphal son of Ur.
- Eliphal son of Ur, Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
1 C.11.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הפלני: PRON,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:34 (verbal): Direct parallel in Samuel’s roster of David’s mighty men—the same individual/name appears in the Samuel list corresponding to this Chronicles verse.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The full ‘mighty men’ catalogue in 2 Samuel corresponds structurally to 1 Chronicles 11:10–47; Chronicles largely reproduces and sometimes expands Samuel’s list.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-40 (thematic): Another block of lists of warriors who joined David (at Hebron); thematically related material about David’s supporters and military followers.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-12 (thematic): Passage highlighting David’s elite warriors (‘the three’ and related feats); thematically connected to Chronicles’ enumeration of David’s chief fighters and their exploits.
Alternative generated candidates
- Haphar the Mecherathite; Ahijah the Pelonite.
- Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai son of Ezbai,
1 C.11.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חצרו: NOUN,m,sg,suff3ms
- הכרמלי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- נערי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזבי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam. 23:36-38 (verbal): The same roster of David’s warriors appears in Samuel’s list; Chronicles 11:37 corresponds to names found here (Chronicles often repeats Samuel’s catalogue with minor variants).
- 2 Sam. 23:24-39 (structural): The broader section in 2 Samuel that contains the full list of 'the thirty' and David’s mighty men parallels the entire unit of names and episodes preserved in 1 Chronicles 11:10–47.
- 1 Chr. 12:1-22 (thematic): Another Chronicles passage that groups men who rallied to David (from various tribes and locales); it complements the portrait of David’s supporters found in 1 Chronicles 11 and shows overlapping personnel and themes of loyalty and military service.
- 1 Chr. 27:1-15 (thematic): Lists the organization of David’s military/administrative divisions; thematically related to the catalogue of warriors in 1 Chronicles 11, offering a broader context for David’s armed followers and their roles.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hathath the Carmelite; Naarai son of Ezbai.
- Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar son of Hagri,
1 C.11.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יואל: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מבחר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:28-39 (structural): Parallel roster of David's mighty men in 2 Samuel; many of the same names and groupings appear, showing 1 Chr 11's list corresponds to the Samuel tradition.
- 1 Chr.12:1-40 (thematic): Another chronological/administrative list of warriors who joined David at various times; complements the roll of champions in 1 Chr 11 and reflects related source material.
- Num.3:21-26 (verbal): Lists the families of Gershon among the Levites; helps explain the designation 'ben-haGershi' (of the Gershonites) attached to names such as Joel in 1 Chr 11:38.
- 1 Chr.23:6 (allusion): Identifies Gershon as ancestor/head of a Levitical clan in Chronicles, confirming the tribal/lineal label applied to individuals elsewhere in the book (e.g., 'of the Gershonites').
Alternative generated candidates
- Joel, Nathan’s brother; Mebhar son of Hagri.
- Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, who bore Joab’s armor,
1 C.11.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צלק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העמוני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נחרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- יואב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צרויה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:28-39 (verbal): Direct parallel list in Samuel of David’s ‘mighty men’; includes Naharai the Beerothite identified as Joab’s armour‑bearer, corresponding closely to the names/title in 1 Chr 11:39.
- 1 Chr.11:10-47 (structural): The wider context in Chronicles that contains the roster of David’s warriors of which v.39 is a part; the chapter organizes and preserves the same catalogue of names and roles.
- 1 Chr.12:1-22 (thematic): Another Chronicles passage compiling the warriors who joined David (at Hebron and earlier), thematically related as a complementary roster of David’s supporters and military followers.
- 2 Sam.23:8-12 (thematic): Passage describing David’s chief warriors (the ‘three’ and other exploits); thematically linked to 1 Chr 11:39 by its focus on elite fighters and the leadership/roles (e.g., armour‑bearers) within David’s military circle.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zelek the Ammonite; Naharai the Beerothite, who carried Joab’s armor—he was the Ithrite.
- Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
1 C.11.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עירא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היתרי: ART+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- גרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היתרי: ART+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23:39 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Samuel list of David’s mighty men — the same names (Ira and Gareb/Ithrite forms) appear in the corresponding roll of warriors.
- 2 Sam.23:24-39 (structural): The entire Samuel passage containing the roster of David’s mighty men that corresponds structurally to 1 Chronicles 11’s list.
- 1 Chr.11:26-47 (structural): The broader chapter context in Chronicles that frames verse 40 as part of the complete catalogue of David’s mighty men (parallel within the same book).
- 1 Chr.12:1-40 (thematic): A related Chronicles passage listing men who joined David at Hebron and elsewhere — thematically linked as other accounts of David’s supporters and warriors.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ira the Ithrite; Gareb the Ithrite.
- Uriah the Hittite, Zabdi son of Ahlai,
1 C.11.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אוריה: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- החתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.23.39 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel in the parallel list of David’s mighty men: the same names 'Uriah the Hittite; Zabad son of Ahlai' appear.
- 2 Sam.23.8-39 (structural): Structural parallel: 1 Chronicles 11’s roster of David’s warriors corresponds to the extended list in 2 Samuel 23 (the 'mighty men'/'last words' section).
- 2 Sam.11.3 (verbal): Identifies 'Uriah the Hittite' in the narrative of David and Bathsheba—same individual named in the Chronicles list, confirming his identity and ethnic designation.
- 2 Sam.11.14-17 (thematic): Narrative account of Uriah’s deployment and death at David’s behest; thematically connected to the listing of Uriah among David’s warriors and recalls his fate.
Alternative generated candidates
- Uriah the Hittite; Zabdi son of Ahlai.
- Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, chief of the Reubenites—he had thirty sons and captains under him,
1 C.11.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עדינא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שיזא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראובני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לראובני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועליו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שלושים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:31 (verbal): Gives the same brief entry in the catalogue of David’s warriors: 'Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, chief of the Reubenites; thirty with him.' — essentially identical wording and data.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The broader list of David’s mighty men in 2 Samuel corresponds structurally to 1 Chronicles 11, with many of the same names and grouped entries (the present verse is one item in that parallel catalogue).
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (thematic): An overlapping tradition of the men who joined David (at Hebron) and the tribal contingents that supported him; thematically comparable as another Chronicles passage cataloguing warriors and their tribal affiliations.
- 1 Chronicles 5:1-2 (thematic): Discusses the tribe of Reuben (its leaders and altered status as firstborn), providing tribal background relevant to identifying Adina as a Reubenite leader among David’s forces.
Alternative generated candidates
- Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite—he was chief of the Reubenites, and thirty were with him.
- Hanan son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
1 C.11.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעכה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המתני: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:31 (verbal): Direct parallel in Samuel’s list of David’s mighty men — the same two names (Hanan son of Maacah and Jashaphat/Joshaphat the Mithnite) occur in the Samuel roster.
- 2 Samuel 23:8–39 (structural): The entire Samuel passage corresponds to 1 Chronicles 11’s catalogue of David’s warriors; 1 Chr 11:43 is part of this larger, parallel roster.
- 2 Samuel 23:1–7 (thematic): Introduction to the epic account of David and his mighty men in Samuel, thematically linked to Chronicles’ presentation of David’s elite fighters.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1–22 (thematic): A related Chronistic list of warriors and clans who joined David at Hebron — thematically connected as another record of David’s supporters and military followers.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hanan son of Maacah; Joshaphat the Mithnite.
- Uzzia the Azzrite, Shama and Jeiel, sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
1 C.11.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עזיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העשתרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויעיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חותם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הערערי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:34-39 (verbal): Essentially the same roster of David’s warriors/names (the Chronicler reproduces the sequence of names such as the Ashtartite/Ashterothite, Shammah, Jeiel sons of Hotham the Aroerite).
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The whole 'David’s mighty men' section in Samuel corresponds structurally to 1 Chronicles 11, which reuses and reshapes this material.
- 1 Chronicles 11:43-47 (structural): Immediate intra‑chapter parallel: this verse is part of the final sequence of names that closes the list of David’s mighty men in chapter 11.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-7 (thematic): Another Chronicler list of warriors who joined David (at Hebron); thematically related material about those who supported David’s rise and were counted among his men.
Alternative generated candidates
- Azarel the Ashtarite; Shammah and Jeiel, sons of Hotham the Aroerite.
- Jediael son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
1 C.11.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ידיעאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- התיצי: VERB,hitpael,perf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:33-39 (verbal): The list of David’s mighty men in 2 Samuel corresponds closely to the roster in 1 Chronicles 11, preserving many of the same names (variants of Yediael/son of Shammari and his brothers appear in this Samuel passage).
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (thematic): Another Levantine list of warriors who joined David (at Hebron); thematically related material about David’s supporters and contains overlapping groups and clan-notes that contextualize the names in 1 Chronicles 11.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-12 (thematic): Describes the elite core of David’s champions (“the Three” and other renowned fighters), providing context for the broader catalogue of mighty men in which Yediael and his brothers are listed.
- 1 Chronicles 11:26-47 (structural): The surrounding passage in Chronicles—this section is the full roster of David’s mighty men; 1 Chr 11:45 is one line within this structural list of warriors and named subgroups.
Alternative generated candidates
- Idaiah son of Shemari, and Joha his brother—the Tizite.
- Eliel the Mahavite, Jeribai and Joshaviah, sons of Elnaam, Ithmah the Moabite,
1 C.11.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אליאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המחוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויריבי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויושויה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אלנעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתמה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המואבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:29-30 (verbal): Direct parallel list of David’s mighty men: the same or very similar names (Eliel/Eliel the Mahavite, Jeribai, Jashui, Ithmah the Moabite) appear in Samuel’s roster.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): The broader catalogue of David’s 'mighty men' in Samuel; provides the larger context and structure for the individual names listed in 1 Chronicles 11.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (thematic): Another Chronicles passage listing warriors and men who joined David from various tribes (including non‑Israelite figures), overlapping in purpose and some names with 1 Chronicles 11.
- 1 Samuel 22:1-2 (thematic): Early description of the body of men who rallied to David (men in distress, debtors, discontented), providing background for the formation of the band of warriors later enumerated in Chronicles and Samuel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Eliel the Mahavite; Jeribai and Joshaviah, sons of Elnaam; Ithmah the Moabite.
- Eliel, Obed, and Jaasiel the Mesh-bite.
1 C.11.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אליאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועובד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויעשיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצביה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam 23:24-39 (quotation): Direct parallel: 1 Chronicles 11 repeats the catalogue of David’s mighty men found here; many of the same personal names and groupings appear (Chronicles’ roster corresponds to Samuel’s list).
- 1 Chr 12:1-40 (thematic): Thematic parallel: another expanded list of warriors who rallied to David (from the various tribes); related material showing variant names and emphasizing the composition of David’s supporters/war-band.
- 1 Chr 27:1-15 (thematic): Thematic/structural parallel: another administrative/military roll in Chronicles (captains of the military divisions under David), reflecting the same concern for naming and organizing David’s fighting men and commanders.
- 2 Sam 5:10-25 (structural): Contextual/structural parallel: narrative of David’s consolidation of the kingdom and military exploits that set the stage for the listing of his mighty men; Chronicles’ account of David’s reign and his warriors parallels Samuel’s account here.
Alternative generated candidates
- Eliel, Obed, and Jaasiel the Mesobaite.
- These were David’s mighty men—listed in full.
These are the chiefs of the mighty men who belonged to David—those who strengthened him in his rule, with all Israel, to crown him according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. And this is the number of the mighty men who belonged to David: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni was chief of the thirty; he wielded his spear against three hundred slain at one time.
After him was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men.
He was with David at Pas-dammim when the Philistines were gathered there for battle; and the harvest field was full of barley, and the people fled before the Philistines.
They stood in the midst of the field and defended it, so they delivered the harvest and struck the Philistines; and the LORD brought about a great victory.
Three of the thirty chiefs went down and came to David at the cave of Adullam, while a band of the Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
David then was in the stronghold, and the Philistine garrison was then at Bethlehem. And David longed and said, “Oh that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem that is by the gate!” So the three broke through the Philistine camp, drew water from the well of Bethlehem that is by the gate, and carried it and brought it to David; but David would not drink it—he poured it out to the LORD. And he said, “Far be it from me before my God that I should do this—shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives?” For they had risked their lives and brought it; therefore he would not drink it. These things did the three mighty men.
Abishai, Joab’s brother, was chief of the three; he raised his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.
Among the three he was held in honor; he became their commander, though he was not one of the three.
Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, performed deeds of valor: he struck down two heroes of Moab; he also went down and struck a lion in the midst of a pit on a snowy day.
He struck down an Egyptian, a man of great stature—five cubits tall; in the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam. Benaiah went down, wrested the spear from the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.
These things Benaiah son of Jehoiada did, and he had a name among the three mighty men.
He was more honored than the thirty, but he was not one of the three; and David set him over his bodyguard. And among the mighty warriors were the brother of Joab, Elhanan son of Dodo of Bethlehem.
Shammoth the Harorite; Helez the Pelonite.
Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite; Abiezer the Anathothite.
Sibbecai the Hushathite; Ilai the Ahohite.
Maharai the Netophathite; Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite.
Ittai son of Ribai of the Gibeah of the Benjaminites; Benaiah the Pirathonite.
Hurai of the valleys of Gaash; Abiel the Arbite.
Azmaveth the Barhumite; Eliahba the Shaalbonite.
The sons of Shema the Gizonite; Jonathan son of Shega the Harorite.
Ahiam son of Sharar the Harorite; Eliphal son of Ur.
Hepher the Mecherathite; Ahijah the Pelonite.
Hiddai the Carmelite; Naarai son of Ezbai.
Joel, brother of Nathan, of Zobah; Mibhar son of Hagri.
Zalmon the Amonite; Maharai the Netophathite; Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite.
Ira the Ithrite; Gareb the Ithrite.
Uriah the Hittite; Zabdi son of Achi.
Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite—he was chief of the Reubenites, and mighty men were with him, thirty chiefs.
Hanan son of Maacah; with him were Joah the meter-reader.
Uzziah the Ashterathite; Shama and Jeiel, sons of Hotham the Aroerite.
Jediael son of Shimri; and Jaha his brother, the Tizite.
Eliel the Mahavite; Jeribai and Joshaviah, sons of Elnaam; and Ithmah the Moabite.
Eliel, Obed, and Jasiel the Mithnite.