Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees
Matthew 16:5-12
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Matt.16.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ελθοντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,nom,sg,n
- περαν: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- επελαθοντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
- αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- λαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Mark 8:14 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — Mark records the same detail: the disciples had forgotten to take bread after crossing to the other side.
- Mark 8:15 (verbal): Closely linked saying in Mark: Jesus immediately warns against 'the leaven of the Pharisees and of Herod,' the same warning that follows Matthew 16:5‑6.
- Mark 8:17-21 (structural): Mark expands the episode: Jesus rebukes the disciples for discussing lack of bread, questions their understanding, and recalls the feedings (five and seven loaves), tying forgetfulness of bread to failure of perception.
- Matt 16:7-8 (structural): Immediate Matthean context: the disciples misunderstand Jesus’ warning about 'leaven' and think he is reproving them about not having bread, showing the narrative link between forgetting bread and the following clarification.
- Luke 12:1 (thematic): Parallel teaching in Luke: Jesus warns against 'the leaven of the Pharisees' (hypocrisy), connecting to the same metaphor Jesus uses in Matthew immediately after the disciples' remark about bread.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they had crossed to the other side, the disciples had forgotten to bring any bread.
- And when they had entered the boat the disciples had forgotten to bring any bread.
Matt.16.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Ορατε: PRON,dat,pl,m+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- προσεχετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζυμης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Φαρισαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Σαδδουκαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 8:15 (verbal): Parallel saying in Mark: Jesus warns, 'Be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Herod,' a close verbal and situational parallel (different opponent named).
- Luke 12:1 (verbal): Luke records the warning to 'beware of the leaven of the Pharisees' and immediately explains the leaven as hypocrisy, clarifying Jesus' meaning.
- Matthew 16:11-12 (structural): Immediate Matthean context where the disciples recall Jesus' warning and Jesus explains he meant the teaching (τὴν διδασκαλίαν) of the Pharisees and Sadducees, not literal bread.
- Matthew 23:27-28 (thematic): Jesus' broader denunciation of Pharisaic hypocrisy in Matthew 23 echoes the moral/ethical concern behind the 'leaven' metaphor—external show versus internal corruption.
- 1 Corinthians 5:6-8 (allusion): Paul uses the leaven metaphor ('a little leaven leavens the whole lump') to warn against corrupting influence/sin in the community, reflecting the same proverbial imagery applied to moral/teaching contamination.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to them, "Watch and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees."
- And Jesus said to them, "Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees."
Matt.16.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- διελογιζοντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- εαυτοις: PRON,dat,pl,m
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ουκ: PART
- ελαβομεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,pl
Parallels
- Mark 8:16-17 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — disciples reason they have no bread, and Jesus asks why they reason on account of having no bread.
- Mark 8:14-21 (structural): Same narrative unit in Mark: the misunderstanding about 'leaven,' the disciples' preoccupation with bread, and Jesus' rebuke and reminder of the two feedings.
- Matthew 16:8 (structural): Immediate continuation in Matthew — Jesus rebukes the disciples ('O ye of little faith') for reasoning about their lack of bread.
- Matthew 14:15-21 (thematic): Earlier feeding of the 5,000: disciples express concern about provision and suggest sending crowds away to buy food, illustrating the recurring theme of worry over bread and Jesus' provision.
- John 6:7 (thematic): Philip observes that the available money/bread is insufficient to feed the crowd — a similar practical concern about lack of bread that frames Jesus' miraculous provision.
Alternative generated candidates
- They began discussing it among themselves, saying, "We brought no bread."
- They discussed this among themselves, saying, "It is because we brought no bread."
Matt.16.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- γνους: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν·Τι: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- διαλογιζεσθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
- εν: PREP
- εαυτοις: PRON,dat,pl,m
- ολιγοπιστοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ουκ: PART
- ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Mark 8:17 (verbal): Nearly identical rebuke — Jesus, knowing their thoughts, asks why they reason among themselves about having no bread.
- Mark 8:18 (verbal): Continues the same line of rebuke ('Having eyes, see ye not?') highlighting the disciples' lack of understanding, echoing Matthew's charge of little faith.
- Matt.15:16 (verbal): Jesus asks 'Are ye also yet without understanding?' in response to the disciples' failure to grasp his teaching — a similar reproach for spiritual obtuseness.
- Matt.16:11-12 (structural): Immediate context in Matthew: Jesus explains the 'leaven' remark and rebukes the disciples for not understanding, showing the thematic link between their worry about bread and misunderstanding his warning about Pharisaic teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Jesus, aware of this, said, "O you of little faith, why do you reason among yourselves that you have no bread?
- But Jesus, perceiving it, said, "O you of little faith, why do you reason among yourselves because you have no bread?
Matt.16.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουπω: ADV
- νοειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ουδε: CONJ
- μνημονευετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- πεντε: NUM,card
- αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πεντακισχιλιων: NUM,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ποσους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- κοφινους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 14:13-21 (structural): Narrative account of the feeding of the 5,000 (five loaves) and the collection of leftover baskets—directly referenced by Jesus' question.
- Mark 8:19-20 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel where Jesus asks about understanding and recalls the five loaves (5,000) and the seven loaves (4,000) and the number of baskets gathered.
- Matthew 15:32-38 (thematic): Account of the feeding of the 4,000 (seven loaves) with baskets of leftovers—a thematically parallel miracle Jesus contrasts with the earlier feeding.
- John 6:5-13 (verbal): John's detailed account of the feeding of the 5,000, including Jesus' provision with five loaves and the gathering of baskets of fragments.
- Luke 9:13-17 (structural): Luke's version of the 5,000 feeding (five loaves) with the collection of twelve baskets of leftovers—another closely parallel narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do you not yet perceive or remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you gathered?
- Do you not yet understand, nor remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you gathered up?
Matt.16.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουδε: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl
- αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- τετρακισχιλιων: NUM,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ποσας: ADJ,acc,pl,f
- σπυριδας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Mark 8:19 (verbal): Jesus asks nearly the same question about remembering the five loaves for the five thousand and the seven loaves for the four thousand — a close verbal parallel to Matthew 16:9–10.
- Matthew 15:32-38 (verbal): The feeding of the four thousand narrative in Matthew, which explicitly records the seven loaves and the seven baskets of leftovers that Matthew 16:10 alludes to.
- Matthew 14:13-21 (thematic): The feeding of the five thousand (five loaves) with the gathering of baskets of leftovers — thematically parallel to the first part of the question about the five loaves and baskets.
- Mark 6:34-44 (thematic): Mark's account of the feeding of the five thousand, including the division of the loaves and the collection of leftovers, parallels Matthew's reference to the loaves and baskets as remembering Jesus' miracles of provision.
Alternative generated candidates
- Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you gathered?
- Nor the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you took up?
Matt.16.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- πως: ADV
- ου: PART
- νοειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART
- περι: PREP
- αρτων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,m
- προσεχετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζυμης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Φαρισαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Σαδδουκαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 8:15 (verbal): Direct parallel warning—'Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of Herod' (same image and caution, slight variant in opponents named).
- Luke 12:1 (verbal): Uses the same 'leaven of the Pharisees' formula and identifies it with hypocrisy, linking leaven to corrupting moral/teaching influence.
- Matt.16:12 (structural): Immediate Matthean parallel/clarification showing Jesus meant 'leaven' as corrupting teaching, not literal bread—disciples later understand his intent.
- Galatians 5:9 (thematic): Paul's proverb 'a little leaven leavens the whole lump' applies the yeast metaphor to the spread of false teaching and its pervasive effect.
- 1 Corinthians 5:6–7 (thematic): Paul warns that 'a little leaven corrupts the whole lump' and urges removal of the corrupting influence—uses the same metaphor of yeast for sin/false teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- How is it that you fail to understand that I was not speaking about bread? But beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees."
- How is it that you do not understand that I spoke to you not concerning bread, but that you should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees?
Matt.16.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τοτε: ADV
- συνηκαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- ουκ: PART
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προσεχειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζυμης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αρτων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- διδαχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Φαρισαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Σαδδουκαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Matt.16.6 (verbal): Earlier in the same discourse Jesus warns, 'Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees,' using the same metaphor and wording.
- Matt.16.11 (verbal): Immediately preceding verse in Matthew where Jesus says he was not speaking about bread, a direct precursor to the understanding stated in 16:12.
- Mark 8:15 (verbal): Synoptic parallel where Jesus warns 'Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of Herod,' a close verbal parallel (Mark substitutes Herod for Sadducees) and shares the same intent.
- Luke 12:1 (thematic): Jesus warns 'Beware the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy,' linking the leaven metaphor to corrupt teaching and hypocrisy rather than literal bread.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then they understood that he had not warned them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
- Then they understood that he had not told them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.
When they had crossed to the other side, the disciples had forgotten to bring any bread.
Jesus said to them, 'Watch and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.'
They began to discuss this among themselves, saying, 'We brought no bread.' But Jesus, aware of it, said, 'O you of little faith, why do you discuss among yourselves that you have no bread?'
Do you not yet understand? Do you not remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you gathered?
Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you gathered?
How is it you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread? But beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
Then they understood that he had not told them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.