Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention

1 Samuel 25:1-44

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And Samuel died, and all Israel assembled and mourned for him; and they buried him at his house in Ramah. And David rose up and went down into the wilderness of Paran.

1 S.25.1 - Details

Original Text

וימת שמואל ויקבצו כל־ ישראל ויספדו־ לו ויקברהו בביתו ברמה ויקם דוד וירד אל־ מדבר פארן׃

Morphology

  • וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שמואל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויקבצו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויספדו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויקברהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl,obj=3m
  • בביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • מדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • פארן: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 34:5-8 (structural): Moses dies, Israel mourns and is left without its founding leader while a successor (Joshua) takes over—structural parallel to Samuel’s death marking a transition in Israel’s leadership and David’s subsequent movement.
  • Numbers 20:29 (thematic): On Aaron’s death “the whole congregation wept for Aaron thirty days” — a close thematic parallel of national/communal mourning for a prominent religious leader.
  • 1 Samuel 31:11-13 (verbal): After Saul’s death his body is recovered and buried and the people mourn for him—parallels in diction (mourning, burial) and in the book’s treatment of a leader’s death.
  • 1 Kings 2:10-12 (structural): David’s death and burial and Solomon’s succession—another instance where the death of a central leader is immediately linked to questions of succession and continuity, echoing the transitional moment after Samuel’s death.
  • Genesis 21:21 (allusion): Ishmael is said to dwell in the wilderness of Paran—an explicit geographic parallel (the same ‘wilderness of Paran’) connecting 1 Samuel’s location to earlier traditions about that region.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered and mourned for him, and they buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
  • And Samuel died; and all Israel assembled and mourned for him, and they buried him in his house at Ramah. And David rose up and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
2 Now there was a man in Maon, whose business was in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats; and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

1 S.25.2 - Details

Original Text

ואיש במעון ומעשהו בכרמל והאיש גדול מאד ולו צאן שלשת־ אלפים ואלף עזים ויהי בגזז את־ צאנו בכרמל׃

Morphology

  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומעשהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
  • בכרמל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והאיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מאד: ADV
  • ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ואלף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בגזז: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • צאנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,3,m,sg
  • בכרמל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:3 (structural): Immediate continuation of the portrait of Nabal—links the man's wealth in flocks (3,000 sheep, 1,000 goats) with his character (foolishness), completing the description begun in v.2.
  • 1 Samuel 25:14–15 (verbal): Reports that Nabal was shearing his sheep in Carmel and that David’s men had protected Nabal’s shepherds and flocks—repeats the shearing scene and connects wealth with the episode of David’s request and Nabal’s refusal.
  • Genesis 30:43 (thematic): Jacob grows wealthy with large flocks and herds; like Nabal, prosperity is expressed in numbers of sheep and goats—parallel theme of livestock as the primary sign of household wealth.
  • Genesis 26:12–14 (thematic): Isaac’s prosperity is described in terms of flocks, herds, and servants—similar language and cultural measure of a man’s greatness through his animals, paralleling Nabal’s large flock.
  • Job 1:3 (thematic): Job’s wealth is enumerated by extensive flocks and herds (sheep among them), illustrating the biblical motif of livestock as the standard metric of wealth and status, as in 1 Sam 25:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats; and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
  • Now there was a man in Maon, and his business was in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats; and it came about that he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
3 And the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail; and the woman was of good understanding and of a beautiful countenance; but the man was harsh and evil in his doings—he was a son of Belial.

1 S.25.3 - Details

Original Text

ושם האיש נבל ושם אשתו אבגיל והאשה טובת־ שכל ויפת תאר והאיש קשה ורע מעללים והוא כלבי׃

Morphology

  • ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs+3,m,sg
  • אבגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • והאשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • טובת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • שכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויפת: ADJ,f,sg,cons
  • תאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והאיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • קשה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ורע: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מעללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כלבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 11:22 (verbal): Contrasts external beauty and lack of discretion—‘a fair woman without understanding’—highlighting that Abigail is noted not only for beauty but for good sense, the reverse of the proverb's warning.
  • Proverbs 14:1 (thematic): Theme of the wise woman who preserves the household; Abigail’s prudent intervention (vv. 24–35) exemplifies the wise woman who builds and averts disaster for her house.
  • Proverbs 1:7 (thematic): The archetype of the fool who despises wisdom and instruction parallels Nabal’s name and character (foolish, harsh, evil deeds), framing him as one who rejects wise counsel.
  • 1 Samuel 25:39–42 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel/sequel: Nabal’s death and Abigail’s marriage to David demonstrate the moral and social consequences of the contrast described in v.3 (foolish husband vs. wise, beautiful wife).

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the man's name was Nabal, and his wife's name Abigail; and the woman was discreet and beautiful in form, but the man was harsh and evil in his doings; he was a worthless man.
  • And the man's name was Nabal; and his wife's name was Abigail. Now Abigail was a woman of good understanding and beautiful in form, but the man was harsh and evil in his doings; he was a Calebite.
4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.

1 S.25.4 - Details

Original Text

וישמע דוד במדבר כי־ גזז נבל את־ צאנו׃

Morphology

  • וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • גזז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • צאנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:2-3 (structural): Immediate context that introduces Nabal (his wealth and folly) and the setting (Maon/Carmel) tied to the sheep-shearing event mentioned in v.4.
  • 1 Samuel 25:5-11 (structural): Direct continuation: David learns of the shearing, sends messengers requesting provisions because his men had protected Nabal's shepherds, and receives Nabal’s refuse — the episode that follows v.4.
  • 2 Samuel 13:23-29 (thematic): Describes Absalom’s sheepshearing feast where people gather publicly; parallels the social/customary context of a sheepshearing as a festival and occasion for large assemblies.
  • Ruth 2:2-16 (thematic): Theme of protection and provision: Boaz provides for and protects Ruth/gleaners; parallels David’s expectation of reciprocity after protecting Nabal’s shepherds and the issues of hospitality and support.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.
  • And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.
5 And David sent ten young men; and he said to the young men, 'Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name.'

1 S.25.5 - Details

Original Text

וישלח דוד עשרה נערים ויאמר דוד לנערים עלו כרמלה ובאתם אל־ נבל ושאלתם־ לו בשמי לשלום׃

Morphology

  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
  • נערים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לנערים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • כרמלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובאתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושאלתם: VERB,qal,impf_waw,2,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • בשמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss1s
  • לשלום: PREP

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:6-8 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same episode: David's instructions to his young men to greet Nabal in David's name and seek peace, and the men’s arrival and report — repeats and expands the sending motif.
  • 1 Samuel 25:10-11 (structural): Contrasts with the present verse: Nabal’s hostile refusal of David’s envoys and insult toward David’s men, showing the failure of the peace mission initiated in v.5.
  • Genesis 32:4-5 (thematic): Jacob sends messengers ahead to Esau with a conciliatory message and presents, seeking to placate and secure peaceful relations — a similar use of envoys to request peace.
  • Luke 10:5-6 (thematic): Jesus instructs his sent disciples to announce 'Peace to this house' when entering a town; parallels the practice of sending representatives to convey greetings and request/confirm hospitality and peace.
  • 2 Samuel 9:3-7 (thematic): David sends messengers to arrange kindness toward Mephibosheth (via Ziba), using intermediaries to make requests and secure obligations on behalf of David — another instance of diplomatic/relational envoy activity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And David sent ten young men; and he said to the young men, 'Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name.'
  • And David sent ten young men; and David said to the young men, "Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name.
6 And say thus to him: "Long life to you! Peace be to you, peace be to your house, and peace be to all that is yours."

1 S.25.6 - Details

Original Text

ואמרתם כה לחי ואתה שלום וביתך שלום וכל אשר־ לך שלום׃

Morphology

  • ואמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • כה: ADV
  • לחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וביתך: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 20:10 (structural): Same imperative formula of sending a greeting: 'proclaim peace unto it'—a ritualized declaration of peace addressed to a house or city.
  • Luke 10:5 (verbal): Jesus' instruction to his disciples—'Into whatsoever house ye enter, first say, Peace be to this house'—echoes the exact wording and practice of greeting a household with 'peace.'
  • Matthew 10:12 (allusion): Parallel missionary instruction: on entering a house say 'Peace be to this house.' Reflects the same cultural/ritual greeting and expectation of peace upon a household.
  • Numbers 6:24-26 (thematic): The priestly blessing culminates in a wish for peace ('the LORD lift up his countenance... and give you peace'), echoing the benedictional intent of wishing peace to a person, their household, and their possessions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And thus shall you say to him: “Peace be to you, peace be to your house, and peace to all that is yours.
  • And you shall say thus to him, 'Peace be to you, peace be to your house, and peace be to all that is yours.'"
7 And now I have heard that your shepherds were with us; they were not neglected and nothing was missing all the days they were at Carmel.

1 S.25.7 - Details

Original Text

ועתה שמעתי כי גזזים לך עתה הרעים אשר־ לך היו עמנו לא הכלמנום ולא־ נפקד להם מאומה כל־ ימי היותם בכרמל׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • שמעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • גזזים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • עתה: ADV
  • הרעים: ADJ,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עמנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הכלמנום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נפקד: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • היותם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בכרמל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:6 (verbal): David’s initial message to Nabal appeals to Nabal’s past protection of David’s men at Carmel—same claim of prior service and non‑breach of hospitality that v.7 recalls.
  • 1 Samuel 25:9 (thematic): Nabal’s blunt, insulting reply to David (‘Who is David?’/refusal to provide) contrasts with the reminder in v.7 of Nabal’s earlier protection and highlights his ingratitude.
  • 1 Samuel 25:17 (structural): David’s order to arm his men after Nabal’s refusal shows the immediate consequence of rejecting the prior relationship and hospitality referred to in v.7.
  • 1 Samuel 25:28 (verbal): Abigail’s plea to David invokes Nabal’s folly and the offense he has given, directly engaging the same facts about Nabal’s behavior and the danger to David that v.7 sets up.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now I have heard that your shepherds have been with us; they have not been harmed, neither was anything missing to them all the days they were at Carmel while they were in our service.
  • And now I have heard that your shepherds have been with us; they did us no wrong, neither was anything missing all the days that they were in Carmel.
8 Ask your young men, and they will tell you; and let them find favor in your eyes: for as is fitting on a good day, give now what your hand finds to your servants and to the son of Jesse.

1 S.25.8 - Details

Original Text

שאל את־ נעריך ויגידו לך וימצאו הנערים חן בעיניך כי־ על־ יום טוב בנו תנה־ נא את אשר תמצא ידך לעבדיך ולבנך לדוד׃

Morphology

  • שאל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נעריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,prsfx:2ms
  • ויגידו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • וימצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • הנערים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • על: PREP
  • יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • תנה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • תמצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • לעבדיך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,ms
  • ולבנך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx:2ms
  • לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:6 (verbal): David’s men make the original request for provisions to Nabal—same theme and similar language about giving to 'thy servants and to thy son David.'
  • 1 Samuel 25:10 (structural): Nabal’s blunt refusal to David’s request in the next scene provides the direct contrast to 25:8’s suggestion that the young men can supply what is asked.
  • Ruth 2:14 (thematic): Boaz’s provision and generosity to Ruth (a gleaner) reflects the cultural expectation of giving food and protection to itinerant workers, paralleling the expectation that Nabal should have provided for David’s men.
  • Deuteronomy 15:7–11 (thematic): Commands to be openhanded to the poor and needy echo the moral/communal obligation invoked implicitly in 1 Sam 25 for a landowner to provide for those who have protected or served him.
  • Luke 10:7 (thematic): 'The laborer is worthy of his hire' expresses the New Testament principle that servants and messengers deserve provision—a later articulation of the same reciprocity expected between David’s men and Nabal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Ask your young men, and they will tell you; so let them find favor in your sight, for we have come on a festival day; give whatever you find to your servants and to your son David.
  • Ask your young men, and they will tell you; and let them find favor in your eyes: for as an excuse on the day of your shearers, give now what you find to your servants and to David's son.
9 So David's young men came and spoke to Nabal according to all those words in David's name, and stayed.

1 S.25.9 - Details

Original Text

ויבאו נערי דוד וידברו אל־ נבל ככל־ הדברים האלה בשם דוד וינוחו׃

Morphology

  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • נערי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ככל: PREP
  • הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וינוחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:6 (verbal): Earlier in the same episode David’s envoys explicitly state their request to Nabal “in the name of David” — the content the young men bring in 25:9 echoes this spoken message.
  • 1 Samuel 25:10 (verbal): Nabal’s sharp reply to David’s messengers directly responds to the words the young men delivered (the event of 25:9) and explains the escalating conflict that follows.
  • 1 Samuel 25:12 (structural): After Nabal’s answer the messengers return and report to David; this verse parallels 25:9 by showing the role of intermediaries who carry reports back and forth and drive the narrative forward.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the young men of David came and spoke to Nabal according to all those words in David's name, and they waited.
  • So David's young men came and spoke to Nabal all those words in the name of David, and they waited.
10 And Nabal answered David's servants and said, 'Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants now a days who break away from their masters.'

1 S.25.10 - Details

Original Text

ויען נבל את־ עבדי דוד ויאמר מי דוד ומי בן־ ישי היום רבו עבדים המתפרצים איש מפני אדניו׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • רבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עבדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • המתפרצים: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,act,m,pl,def
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מפני: PREP
  • אדניו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 17:28 (thematic): David is belittled and scorned by those close to him (his brothers/Eliab), a similar dismissal of David's status and worth.
  • 1 Samuel 17:33 (verbal): Saul’s rebuke—‘You are not able… you are but a youth’—echoes the same theme of dismissing David’s standing and capability.
  • 2 Samuel 16:7-8 (thematic): Shimei’s public insults and denunciation of David during his flight likewise demean David’s person and authority, paralleling Nabal’s contempt.
  • 1 Corinthians 3:5-7 (verbal): Paul’s rhetorical questions (‘What then is Apollos? What is Paul?’) and the argument that leaders are merely servants who can be dismissed parallels the dismissive ‘Who is David…?’ posture toward a leader.
  • Psalm 118:22 (thematic): The imagery of the rejected stone becoming cornerstone parallels the motif of a divinely chosen figure (David) being rejected or scorned by contemporaries yet ultimately vindicated.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Nabal answered David's servants and said, 'Who is David, and who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants today that break away every man from his master.
  • And Nabal answered David's servants and said, "Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.
11 Shall I take my bread and my water and the slaughter for my shepherds and give it to men I do not know where they are from?

1 S.25.11 - Details

Original Text

ולקחתי את־ לחמי ואת־ מימי ואת טבחתי אשר טבחתי לגזזי ונתתי לאנשים אשר לא ידעתי אי מזה המה׃

Morphology

  • ולקחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לחמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
  • ואת: CONJ
  • מימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ואת: CONJ
  • טבחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • טבחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • לגזזי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לאנשים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • אי: PRON,interrog
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:6 (structural): Contextual/structural parallel — this earlier verse records David's men’s request for provisions and hospitality, which Nabal’s statement in v.11 refuses to honor.
  • 1 Samuel 25:10 (verbal): Close verbal/contextual parallel — Nabal’s blunt refusal and characterization of David’s men appears in the surrounding verses and frames v.11’s claim about giving to others but not to David’s servants.
  • Genesis 18:6–8 (verbal): Verbal and thematic contrast — Abraham’s preparation and serving of bread, meat and water to unexpected visitors provides a positive model of hospitality that contrasts with Nabal’s selfish refusal.
  • 1 Kings 17:12–16 (thematic): Thematic parallel — the widow of Zarephath gives her last food to the prophet (a stranger), illustrating the virtue of providing sustenance to outsiders in contrast to Nabal’s stinginess.
  • Matthew 25:35 (thematic): Thematic/ethical parallel — Jesus’ teaching that feeding strangers and the hungry is a central moral duty highlights the ethical failure implicit in Nabal’s claim that he fed unknown men but would not assist David’s servants.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Shall I take my bread and my water and the flesh that I have killed for my shearers and give it to men of whom I do not know where they are?'
  • Shall I then take my bread and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it to men whom I know not whence they be?"
12 So the young men turned on their way, and came back and told him all these words.

1 S.25.12 - Details

Original Text

ויהפכו נערי־ דוד לדרכם וישבו ויבאו ויגדו לו ככל הדברים האלה׃

Morphology

  • ויהפכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • נערי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לדרכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויגדו: VERB,piel,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ככל: PREP
  • הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:14 (structural): A servant (one of Nabal's young men) brings news to Abigail about Nabal's insult; parallels the narrative role of messengers reporting events to a principal, as in 25:12 where David's men report to David.
  • 1 Samuel 25:17-22 (thematic): Immediate narrative sequel showing David's reaction (resolve for vengeance) after being told the news; highlights the function of the report in advancing the plot.
  • 2 Samuel 4:8-12 (thematic): The murderers of Ish-bosheth bring news (and Ish-bosheth's head) to David; like 1 Sam 25:12, messengers convey decisive information about enemies that elicit a moral/judicial response from David.
  • 2 Samuel 19:24-30 (thematic): Ziba and Mephibosheth give competing reports to David about loyalty and conduct; demonstrates how servants' reports to David influence his judgments—paralleling the informational role of the men in 1 Sam 25:12.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the young men turned away and came back, and they told him all those sayings.
  • So the young men turned their way and went back, and came and told him all that had been said.
13 And David said to his men, 'Gird on every man his sword.' And every man girded on his sword; and David also girded on his sword. About four hundred men went up after David, and two hundred stayed with the baggage.

1 S.25.13 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר דוד לאנשיו חגרו ׀ איש את־ חרבו ויחגרו איש את־ חרבו ויחגר גם־ דוד את־ חרבו ויעלו ׀ אחרי דוד כארבע מאות איש ומאתים ישבו על־ הכלים׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאנשיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
  • חגרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • חרבו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • ויחגרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • חרבו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • ויחגר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גם: ADV
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • חרבו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אחרי: PREP
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כארבע: NUM,card
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומאתים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
  • ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 22:2 (verbal): States that about four hundred men were with David (those in distress and debt), echoing the same number and the idea of David’s band of followers.
  • 1 Samuel 30:10 (structural): Describes a similar division of David’s force (some men accompanying David in pursuit while others remain with the supplies), with comparable numbers (four hundred/two hundred).
  • 1 Samuel 24:2 (thematic): Depicts Saul mustering armed men to pursue David, paralleling the motif of a leader on the move with armed followers and the tension of pursuit.
  • 1 Samuel 27:2 (thematic): Reports David’s movement with a sizable armed group (here about six hundred), paralleling the theme of David operating with a mobile military retinue and relocating for safety.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And David said to his men, 'Gird on every man his sword.' And every man girded on his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and about four hundred men went up after David, and two hundred remained with the baggage.
  • And David said to his men, "Gird every man his sword." And every man girded his sword; and David also girded his sword. And about four hundred men went up after David, and two hundred remained with the baggage.
14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to bless our master; and they railed on them.'

1 S.25.14 - Details

Original Text

ולאביגיל אשת נבל הגיד נער־ אחד מהנערים לאמר הנה שלח דוד מלאכים ׀ מהמדבר לברך את־ אדנינו ויעט בהם׃

Morphology

  • ולאביגיל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הגיד: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
  • נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • מהנערים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • הנה: PART
  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלאכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מהמדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לברך: VERB,qal,inf
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אדנינו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1pl
  • ויעט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:10 (verbal): Immediate context: Nabal's insulting reply to David's messengers — directly explains why Abigail was told they had been 'scorned'.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18–19 (structural): Earlier verse describing David sending men into the wilderness to greet/bless Nabal; matches the act reported to Abigail.
  • 1 Samuel 25:23–31 (thematic): Abigail's meeting with David and her intercession — resolves the crisis created by the mistreatment of David's messengers.
  • 2 Samuel 16:5–8 (allusion): Shimei's cursing and abuse of David as he flees Jerusalem — a parallel instance of personal insult directed at David (or his party) by a hostile home‑front figure.
  • Matthew 10:14 (thematic): Jesus' instruction about rejection of messengers (shake the dust off) — parallels the motif of sending envoys and receiving refusal/insult, highlighting responses to rejected emissaries.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master, and he railed on them.
  • But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, "Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them.
15 The men were very good to us, and we were not harmed, neither were we missing anything while we were among them all the days we were in the field.

1 S.25.15 - Details

Original Text

והאנשים טבים לנו מאד ולא הכלמנו ולא־ פקדנו מאומה כל־ ימי התהלכנו אתם בהיותנו בשדה׃

Morphology

  • והאנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • טבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • מאד: ADV
  • ולא: CONJ
  • הכלמנו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • פקדנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • התהלכנו: VERB,hith,perf,1,pl
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • בהיותנו: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,1,pl
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 30:22-25 (thematic): Both passages deal with obligations to those who serve a leader in the field and the fair treatment or recompense due to men who have shared hardships while accompanying a leader's band.
  • Ruth 2:11-12 (thematic): Boaz praises and acknowledges faithful service and protection provided to Naomi's household; thematically parallels the issue of recognized service and reciprocal provision for those who have labored in the fields.
  • Genesis 31:38-41 (verbal): Jacob recounts long years of service tending flocks and claims faithful, continuing labor 'in the field,' paralleling the language of having been with men in the fields and asserting mutual treatment and service.
  • Proverbs 20:6 (thematic): A proverb warning about men's self-professed goodness echoes the evaluative tone of Nabal's claim that his men 'are very good to us,' inviting scrutiny of such assertions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the men were very good to us, and we were not harmed, neither missed we anything while we were with them as we kept the sheep.
  • Yet the men were very good to us; neither was there any mischief found in them all the days that we were with them, while we were in the field.
16 They were a wall to us both by night and by day, all the days we were with them keeping the sheep.

1 S.25.16 - Details

Original Text

חומה היו עלינו גם־ לילה גם־ יומם כל־ ימי היותנו עמם רעים הצאן׃

Morphology

  • חומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • גם: ADV
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גם: ADV
  • יומם: ADV
  • כל: DET
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • היותנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1,pl
  • עמם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • רעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Luke 2:8 (thematic): Shepherds keeping watch over their flock by night—echoes the image of shepherds watching “both night and day” in the Samuel passage.
  • Psalm 121:4 (thematic): The LORD ‘neither slumbers nor sleeps’—similar protective, ceaseless vigilance as the phrase ‘a wall to us both night and day.’
  • Ezekiel 34:2-4 (thematic): Speaks of the responsibility of shepherds to watch and protect the flock day and night; provides a thematic contrast to 1 Sam 25:16’s report that Nabal’s men served as protectors.
  • Psalm 18:2 (thematic): God described as rock/fortress/shield—uses fortress/wall imagery parallel to ‘they were a wall to us,’ emphasizing protection.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They were a wall unto us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.
  • They were a wall unto us both by night and by day, all the days we were with them keeping the sheep.
17 Now therefore know and consider what you will do; for harm is determined against our master and against all his household; for he is such a man of Belial that one cannot speak to him.

1 S.25.17 - Details

Original Text

ועתה דעי וראי מה־ תעשי כי־ כלתה הרעה אל־ אדנינו ועל כל־ ביתו והוא בן־ בליעל מדבר אליו׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • דעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • וראי: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תעשי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • אדנינו: NOUN,m,sg,def,poss1pl
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:25 (verbal): Abigail explicitly calls Nabal a 'man/son of Belial' and uses the same denunciatory language and reasoning to dissuade David from violent reprisal—direct verbal and situational parallel in the same speech.
  • 1 Samuel 25:22 (structural): Close structural parallel within Abigail's counsel: both verses frame the imminent danger to David and his household because of Nabal's character, advancing her plea to avoid bloodshed.
  • Judges 19:22 (verbal): The men of the city are called 'sons of Belial'—the same label applied to morally corrupt, violent persons who threaten household safety, echoing Abigail's characterization of Nabal.
  • Deuteronomy 13:13 (thematic): The phrase 'sons of Belial' (or its equivalent) appears for conspirators/wicked persons whose actions bring communal harm; thematically parallels the depiction of Nabal as a dangerous, corrupt figure.
  • Proverbs 6:12-15 (thematic): Portrait of a 'worthless' or 'wicked' man whose deceit and violence bring calamity—parallels Abigail's moral assessment of Nabal and the foreseen consequences for his household.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now therefore know and consider what you will do; for evil is determined against our master and against all his house; for he is such a worthless man that no one can speak to him.'
  • Now therefore know and consider what you will do; for mischief is determined against our master and against all his house; for he is such a man that no talking with him is possible—he is a son of Belial.
18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, two skins of wine, five prepared sheep, five measures of parched grain, a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of pressed figs, and laid them on the asses.

1 S.25.18 - Details

Original Text

ותמהר אביגיל ותקח מאתים לחם ושנים נבלי־ יין וחמש צאן עשוית וחמש סאים קלי ומאה צמקים ומאתים דבלים ותשם על־ החמרים׃

Morphology

  • ותמהר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אביגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
  • נבלי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
  • צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עשוית: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
  • סאים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • קלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומאה: NUM,card,sg
  • צמקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ומאתים: NUM,card,pl
  • דבלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ותשם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • החמרים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 17:27-29 (verbal): A near-verbal catalog of provisions (bread, cakes of raisins, wine, sheep, oxen, etc.) brought to sustain David and his men — closely parallels Abigail’s list of portable food and animals.
  • 1 Samuel 30:11-12 (verbal): Mentions cakes of raisins and fig-cakes and other travel-food items — shares the same vocabulary of portable provisions as Abigail’s shipment.
  • Genesis 33:4-11 (thematic): Jacob offers gifts to placate and reconcile with Esau; thematically parallels Abigail’s provision-gifts sent to avert bloodshed and placate David.
  • Proverbs 21:14 (thematic): ‘A gift in secret soothes anger’ — a proverbial statement that captures the moral/functional rationale behind Abigail’s private dispatch of gifts to defuse David’s wrath.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep already dressed, and five measures of parched grain, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on the asses.
  • Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves, and two skins of wine, and five dressed sheep, and five measures of parched grain, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on the asses.
19 And she said to her young men, 'Pass on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she did not tell her husband Nabal.

1 S.25.19 - Details

Original Text

ותאמר לנעריה עברו לפני הנני אחריכם באה ולאישה נבל לא הגידה׃

Morphology

  • ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לנעריה: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss3f
  • עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • לפני: PREP
  • הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
  • אחריכם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
  • באה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ולאישה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הגידה: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:18 (structural): Immediate context: Abigail prepares and sends provisions by her young men (the action that precedes v.19), showing the same sequence of sending messengers ahead while she follows.
  • 1 Samuel 25:24 (structural): Direct continuation: Abigail meets David after following the men and explains her actions—this verse completes the narrative begun in v.19 and confirms she had not informed Nabal.
  • Exodus 1:17 (thematic): The Hebrew midwives 'did not do as the king of Egypt commanded'—women withholding compliance or information to protect others, paralleling Abigail's refusal to inform her husband to avert disaster.
  • Genesis 27:8–13 (thematic): Rebekah instructs Jacob to deceive Isaac and conceals the plan from her husband; like Abigail, she takes decisive action and withholds information from her husband out of concern for family welfare.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And she said to her young men, 'Go on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she did not tell her husband Nabal.
  • And she said to her servants, "Go forward; behold, I come after you." But she told not her husband Nabal.
20 And it was so, as she rode upon the donkey, that she met David and his men coming down toward her; and David was going down to meet them.

1 S.25.20 - Details

Original Text

והיה היא ׀ רכבת על־ החמור וירדת בסתר ההר והנה דוד ואנשיו ירדים לקראתה ותפגש אתם׃

Morphology

  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • רכבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וירדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • בסתר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והנה: ADV
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואנשיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ירדים: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,pl
  • לקראתה: PREP
  • ותפגש: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:18 (verbal): Same episode — Abigail prepares and mounts a donkey with attendants to meet David; shares the travel and arrival imagery (donkey/ass, descent) that immediately parallels v.20.
  • Ruth 3:7-9 (thematic): Nocturnal, secret approach of a woman to a prominent man to petition for protection/acceptance (Ruth to Boaz at the threshing floor); motif of a private meeting that determines future relationship and security.
  • Genesis 24:62-67 (thematic): A woman arriving on an animal and meeting the intended husband (Rebekah meets Isaac); an arranged/expected encounter that seals a matrimonial/household transfer — similar social-function meeting motif.
  • Genesis 33:1-4 (thematic): Two parties descend and meet after potential conflict (Jacob and Esau); like Abigail’s meeting with David, the encounter functions to prevent bloodshed and secure reconciliation through personal parley.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And she rode upon an ass, and came down under cover of the hill; and, behold, David and his men were coming down toward her, and she met them.
  • And it was so, as she rode on the donkey and came down under cover of the hill, that, behold, David and his men came down toward her, and she met them.
21 And David had said, 'Surely in vain have I kept all that pertains to this fellow in the wilderness; and nothing was missed of all that is his while we were with them, and yet it has come to me as evil for good.'

1 S.25.21 - Details

Original Text

ודוד אמר אך לשקר שמרתי את־ כל־ אשר לזה במדבר ולא־ נפקד מכל־ אשר־ לו מאומה וישב־ לי רעה תחת טובה׃

Morphology

  • ודוד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אך: PART
  • לשקר: VERB,qal,inf
  • שמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לזה: PREP+PRON,demonstrative,3,m,sg
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נפקד: VERB,nip,perf,3,_,sg
  • מכל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תחת: PREP
  • טובה: ADJ,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 24:6 (verbal): David refuses to raise his hand against 'the LORD's anointed' and invokes the LORD as witness—directly parallels the motif of restraint toward one who has acted wrongly.
  • 1 Samuel 26:11 (structural): A repeated narrative situation in which David spares Saul and rebukes his men for proposing violence—structural/thematic parallel of restraint and undeserved hostility.
  • Psalm 35:12 (verbal): Contains the phrase 'they rewarded me evil for good,' echoing David's lament that his protection and kindness were met with evil instead of gratitude.
  • Romans 12:17-21 (thematic): New Testament ethical teaching against repaying evil for evil and urging overcoming evil with good—thematic counterpart to David's experience of being wronged despite acting well.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now David had said, 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow has in the wilderness, and he has returned evil for good to me.
  • And David said, "Surely in vain have I guarded all that this fellow has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that was his; and he has repaid me evil for good.
22 May God do so to me, and more also, if by morning I leave of all that belongs to him a single male alive.

1 S.25.22 - Details

Original Text

כה־ יעשה אלהים לאיבי דוד וכה יסיף אם־ אשאיר מכל־ אשר־ לו עד־ הבקר משתין בקיר׃

Morphology

  • כה: ADV
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לאיבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,cs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכה: CONJ+ADV
  • יסיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • אשאיר: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • מכל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • משתין: PART,piel,ptcp,_,m,sg
  • בקיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 25:11-13 (structural): Immediate context: David orders his men to strike Nabal and all males, vowing to leave none alive 'until morning'—the same vow of utter destruction and the same episode of imprecatory language.
  • Deut 20:16-18 (thematic): Law concerning herem (devotion to destruction) in warfare—commands to put all living in certain cities to the sword; parallels the absolute, annihilatory rhetoric in David’s oath.
  • Ps 109:6-8 (thematic): An imprecatory psalm calling for God to appoint evildoers against the enemy and to cut off his days and offspring—similar tone of invoking severe divine judgment on an enemy.
  • 2 Kgs 2:23-24 (thematic): Elisha’s curse on youths and the subsequent violent divine retribution (bears mauling them) provides another biblical example of a prophet/leader’s imprecation leading to deadly consequences.
  • 1 Sam 24:4-7 (structural): Contrast within Samuel: David has an opportunity to kill Saul but refrains, recognizing the LORD’s role in judgment—provides a counterpoint to the imprecatory resolve expressed in 25:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that is his by the morning any that pisseth against the wall.'
  • Thus may God do to David's enemies, and more also, if I leave of all that is his by the morning one male; yes, if there be left to Nabal until morning one who urinates against the wall."
23 Then Abigail saw David, and she hurried and alighted from the donkey, and fell before David on her face, and bowed to the ground.

1 S.25.23 - Details

Original Text

ותרא אביגיל את־ דוד ותמהר ותרד מעל החמור ותפל לאפי דוד על־ פניה ותשתחו ארץ׃

Morphology

  • ותרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
  • אביגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותמהר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ותרד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • מעל: PREP
  • החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ותפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לאפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • פניה: NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • ותשתחו: VERB,hitpael,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ruth 2:10 (verbal): Ruth falls at Boaz’s feet and bows down—similar language and action of a woman prostrating herself in humble supplication before a protector/benefactor.
  • 1 Kings 1:16 (verbal): Bathsheba approaches King David and bows/prostrates herself before him—parallel verb and social gesture of obeisance to a royal figure.
  • Genesis 33:3 (thematic): Jacob bows himself to the ground seven times before Esau—thematic parallel of prostration as humility/reconciliation before a superior or potential adversary.
  • Exodus 34:8 (verbal): Moses bows his head toward the earth and worships—uses the same physical act of bowing/prostration to show submission and reverence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When Abigail saw David, she made haste and alighted from the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed to the ground.
  • Then Abigail saw David, and she hurried and got down from the donkey, and fell before David on her face, and bowed to the ground.
24 And she fell at his feet, and said, 'On me, my lord, be the iniquity; let your handmaid speak in your hearing, and hear the words of your handmaid.'

1 S.25.24 - Details

Original Text

ותפל על־ רגליו ותאמר בי־ אני אדני העון ותדבר־ נא אמתך באזניך ושמע את דברי אמתך׃

Morphology

  • ותפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
  • ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • העון: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ותדבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • נא: PART
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • באזניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
  • ושמע: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Gen.44.18 (verbal): Judah's plea to Joseph uses virtually the same formula—"let thy servant speak a word in my lord's ears"—a close verbal and functional parallel of humble petition and intercession.
  • Ruth.2.10 (structural): Ruth falls at Boaz's feet and speaks humbly, mirroring Abigail's physical prostration and submissive petition before a male protector/benefactor.
  • Esther.5.2 (thematic): Esther falls at the king's feet and seeks favor—a similar scene of a woman prostrating before a ruler to plead for mercy and deliverance.
  • Gen.33.3 (thematic): Jacob bows himself to the ground before Esau—another instance where prostration signifies humility, reconciliation, and petition for peace, paralleling Abigail's posture and motive.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And she fell at his feet, and said, 'On me, my lord, be the guilt; let your handmaid speak in your hearing, and hear the words of your handmaid.
  • And she fell at his feet and said, "On me, my lord, be the guilt; let your servant speak in your hearing, and hear the words of your servant.
25 Please let not my lord regard this man Nabal; for as his name is, so is he—Nabal is his name, and folly is with him; and I your handmaid did not see the young men of my lord whom you sent.

1 S.25.25 - Details

Original Text

אל־ נא ישים אדני ׀ את־ לבו אל־ איש הבליעל הזה על־ נבל כי כשמו כן־ הוא נבל שמו ונבלה עמו ואני אמתך לא ראיתי את־ נערי אדני אשר שלחת׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • נא: PART
  • ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבליעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • כשמו: PREP+NOUN,3,m,sg
  • כן: ADV
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ונבלה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואני: PRON,1,sg
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נערי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שלחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:3 (verbal): Same scene and characterization: Nabal is named and described (wife Abigail contrasted with Nabal), establishing the linkage between his name and his foolish/worthless character.
  • Judges 19:22 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'sons of Belial' (men of worthlessness) to describe violent, morally corrupt men—paralleling the Hebrew בְּנֵי בְלִיַּעַל/אִישׁ בֶּלִיַּעַל applied to Nabal here.
  • Deuteronomy 13:13 (allusion): Uses the term 'sons of Belial' for treacherous/wicked persons who lead others into evil, reflecting the legal/moral category behind Abigail’s label of Nabal as a man of Belial.
  • Proverbs 1:7 (thematic): Expresses the biblical theme of folly—'the fool despises wisdom'—which underlies Abigail’s judgment that Nabal's name fittingly marks his moral/ethical folly.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let not my lord regard this worthless man, Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name and folly is with him. But I your handmaid saw not the young men of my lord whom you sent.'
  • Let not my lord regard this wicked man Nabal; for as his name is, so is he—Nabal is his name, and folly is with him; but I your servant saw not the young men of my lord whom you sent."
26 Now therefore, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, the LORD who has restrained you from coming into blood and has delivered you from the hand of Saul,

1 S.25.26 - Details

Original Text

ועתה אדני חי־ יהוה וחי־ נפשך אשר מנעך יהוה מבוא בדמים והושע ידך לך ועתה יהיו כנבל איביך והמבקשים אל־ אדני רעה׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וחי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מנעך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מבוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בדמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • והושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כנבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
  • איביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • והמבקשים: CONJ+PART,qal,ptc,act,m,pl,def
  • אל: NEG
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 24:6 (verbal): David spares Saul in the cave, saying he will not stretch out his hand against the LORD's anointed—echoing Abigail’s claim that the LORD restrained David from shedding blood.
  • 1 Samuel 26:10–11 (verbal): A second episode where David refuses to kill Saul, again appealing to the LORD’s anointing and showing the same restraint Abigail attributes to God.
  • Deuteronomy 32:35 (thematic): “Vengeance is mine; I will repay” expresses the divine prerogative to execute justice—the theological basis for leaving vengeance to God rather than taking bloodshed into one’s own hands.
  • Romans 12:19 (quotation): Paul cites Deut. 32:35 (“Vengeance is mine”) to command believers not to avenge themselves; this New Testament instruction parallels Abigail’s appeal that David refrain from personal revenge and leave judgment to God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And now, my lord, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, seeing the LORD restrained you from coming into blood and avenging yourself with your own hand, now therefore let your enemies, and those who seek evil for my lord, be as Nabal.
  • And now, my lord, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, since the LORD has withheld you from coming into blood and from avenging yourself with your own hand, now let your enemies and those who seek evil against my lord be as Nabal.
27 let this blessing which your maidservant has brought to my lord be given to the young men who follow my lord.

1 S.25.27 - Details

Original Text

ועתה הברכה הזאת אשר־ הביא שפחתך לאדני ונתנה לנערים המתהלכים ברגלי אדני׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • הברכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • שפחתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2ms
  • לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
  • ונתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנערים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • המתהלכים: VERB,hitp,part,3,m,pl,def
  • ברגלי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:18 (verbal): Same episode earlier in the chapter describing the provisions Abigail sent to David’s young men (the concrete gift-giving that v.27 summarizes).
  • 1 Samuel 25:35 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: David receives Abigail’s gifts and blesses God for her intervention—shows same sequence of gifts leading to reconciliation and blessing.
  • Genesis 33:10-11 (thematic): Jacob’s giving of gifts to Esau (and his attendants) to secure favor and avert hostilities parallels Abigail’s use of provisions to pacify David and his men.
  • Ruth 2:14 (thematic): Boaz’s generosity in providing food and protection to Ruth, a person associated with a family/household, echoes the theme of providing sustenance to those connected with a leader as an act of patronage and kindness.
  • Matthew 10:41-42 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching that receiving or giving even simple refreshment to the messengers of God carries blessing parallels Abigail’s giving to David’s men and the idea that aiding a leader’s attendants brings moral/religious reward.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And now this blessing which your handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it be given to the young men that follow my lord.
  • Now therefore let this blessing which your servant has brought to my lord be given to the young men that follow my lord.
28 Please pardon the trespass of your handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because the battles of the LORD, my lord, shall be fought, and misfortune shall not be found in you all your days.

1 S.25.28 - Details

Original Text

שא נא לפשע אמתך כי עשה־ יעשה יהוה לאדני בית נאמן כי־ מלחמות יהוה אדני נלחם ורעה לא־ תמצא בך מימיך׃

Morphology

  • שא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • לפשע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נאמן: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • מלחמות: NOUN,f,pl,construct
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • נלחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ורעה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תמצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מימיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 7:8-16 (allusion): God's promise to 'establish' David's house/line — the same covenant Abigail invokes ('make my lord a sure house') and links to David's service to the LORD as the basis for the promise.
  • 1 Chronicles 17:7-14 (verbal): Parallel retelling of 2 Samuel 7 with similar language about God establishing David's house and throne — a direct structural/verbal parallel to Abigail's proclamation.
  • Psalm 89:3-4, 20-37 (thematic): Psalm celebrates the covenant with David, God's choice of David ('I have found David my servant') and the promise to establish his line forever — thematically echoes Abigail's assurance of a secure house for David.
  • 1 Samuel 24:20-22 (thematic): Saul's recognition that David will be king and David's refusal to harm the LORD's anointed underscore David's special status as God's chosen leader and 'fighter' for the LORD, which Abigail cites as the reason he will be established.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Pardon the trespass of your handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because the LORD will surely make my lord a leader over Israel; and he shall deliver my lord out of the hand of his enemies round about.
  • Pardon the trespass of your servant; for the LORD will certainly make a sure house for my lord, because the LORD will fight my lord's battles, and evil shall not be found in you all your days.
29 Yet a man shall rise up to pursue you, and to seek your life; but the life of my lord shall be bound up in the bundle of life with the LORD your God, and the lives of your enemies He shall sling out as from the hollow of a sling.

1 S.25.29 - Details

Original Text

ויקם אדם לרדפך ולבקש את־ נפשך והיתה נפש אדני צרורה ׀ בצרור החיים את יהוה אלהיך ואת נפש איביך יקלענה בתוך כף הקלע׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לרדפך: VERB,qal,inf,2,m,sg
  • ולבקש: VERB,qal,inf,0,0,0
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
  • והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • צרורה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • בצרור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • החיים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
  • ואת: CONJ
  • נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • איביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יקלענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,pl
  • בתוך: PREP
  • כף: NOUN,f,sg,construct
  • הקלע: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 17:48-50 (verbal): David's victory over Goliath by sling and stone — the image of enemies falling to the sling echoes “the life of your enemies He cast into the hand of the sling.”
  • Exodus 4:19 (thematic): God assures Moses that those who sought his life are dead — parallels the theme of a threatened leader being preserved from pursuers by God's providence.
  • Job 12:10 (verbal): “In whose hand is the life of every living thing…” — a direct theological parallel to life being in God's custody (נפש...צרורה בצרור החיים עם יהוה).
  • Psalm 139:16 (thematic): The picture of days/life ordained and recorded by God parallels the idea of a life being bound up or secured by the LORD in the 'bundle of life.'
  • 2 Samuel 22:35 (cf. Psalm 18:34) (thematic): God equips and grants victory to David in battle (“He makes my hands skillful for war”), matching the claim that God puts enemies into David’s hand and secures his life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it shall be, when the LORD shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning you, and shall have appointed you ruler over Israel,
  • And it shall be, when the LORD has done for my lord according to all the good that He has spoken concerning you, and has appointed you ruler over Israel,
30 And when the LORD shall have dealt with my lord according to all the good that He has spoken concerning you, and shall have appointed you ruler over Israel,

1 S.25.30 - Details

Original Text

והיה כי־ יעשה יהוה לאדני ככל אשר־ דבר את־ הטובה עליך וצוך לנגיד על־ ישראל׃

Morphology

  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
  • ככל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הטובה: ADJ,f,sg,def
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • וצוך: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • לנגיד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 5:2 (verbal): The elders tell David he will 'shepherd' and be 'ruler over Israel,' echoing Abigail’s wording about God appointing him ruler over Israel.
  • 2 Samuel 7:8 (verbal): God recalls taking David 'from following the sheep' to make him 'ruler over my people Israel'—a covenantal promise parallel to the prediction that Yahweh will appoint David as ruler.
  • Psalm 2:7-9 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord’s anointed king whom God establishes and empowers to rule the nations—thematically parallel to God’s action in raising David to rulership.
  • Psalm 89:3-4 (thematic): God’s promise to establish David’s offspring and throne forever echoes the assurance that Yahweh will do what He has spoken concerning David and set him as leader over Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that this shall not be an offence nor a stumbling-block to my lord, nor to cause the shedding of innocent blood, and when the LORD has dealt well with my lord, then remember your handmaid.
  • that this shall not be a stumbling-block or a reproach to my lord, nor shall you have bloodguilt to lift up your hand to destroy: and when the LORD has dealt well with you, you shall remember your servant.
31 then this shall be no occasion for you to fall nor a snare to cause bloodguilt; when my lord is delivered and the LORD has done good to you, remember your handmaid.

1 S.25.31 - Details

Original Text

ולא תהיה זאת ׀ לך לפוקה ולמכשול לב לאדני ולשפך־ דם חנם ולהושיע אדני לו והיטב יהוה לאדני וזכרת את־ אמתך׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לפוקה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ולמכשול: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
  • ולשפך: CONJ+INF,qal
  • דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חנם: ADV
  • ולהושיע: CONJ+INF,hifil
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • והיטב: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
  • וזכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.24:6-11 (verbal): David refuses to stretch out his hand against the LORD’s anointed and insists the LORD must judge—language and restraint parallel Abigail’s plea not to harm Saul and to leave recompense to God.
  • 1 Sam.26:9-11 (verbal): David again refuses to harm Saul in the camp, using nearly identical phrasing ('let not my hand be against the LORD’s anointed'), echoing the command not to attack God's anointed.
  • Deut.32:35 (allusion): “Vengeance is mine, I will repay” (Deut 32:35) supplies the theological basis for leaving recompense to God, an idea invoked when Abigail says the LORD will repay good to David’s lord.
  • Rom.12:19 (thematic): Paul’s injunction not to avenge yourselves and his citation of God’s repayment echoes the theme of refusing personal vengeance and entrusting judgment/reward to God as in Abigail’s appeal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For by my life and the life of your soul, when the LORD has maintained you, and delivered you out of the hand of all your enemies, even then shall your soul be bound in the bundle of life unto the LORD your God; and the souls of your enemies shall he sling out as from the hollow of a sling.
  • And your life shall be bound up in the bundle of life with the LORD your God; and the lives of your enemies He will hurl out of the hollow of the sling.
32 And David said to Abigail, 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me;'

1 S.25.32 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר דוד לאביגל ברוך יהוה אלהי ישראל אשר שלחך היום הזה לקראתי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאביגל: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שלחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • לקראתי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cstr,poss:1s

Parallels

  • Genesis 24:27 (verbal): Abraham's servant blesses Yahweh for guiding him to Rebekah — a verbal and functional parallel: praising God for sending a person who fulfills divine purpose and brings good news.
  • Genesis 45:5-8 (verbal): Joseph tells his brothers that God sent him to preserve life in Egypt — a close verbal/thematic parallel in which a person’s arrival is explicitly attributed to God’s sending.
  • Esther 4:14 (thematic): Mordecai’s remark that Esther may have been placed (or ‘sent’) into her royal position for a providential purpose — similar theme of divine providence using a person to avert disaster.
  • Exodus 23:20 (structural): God’s promise to send an angel before Israel to guide and protect them — a structural/theological precedent for God ‘sending’ an agent to accomplish his saving purposes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then David said to Abigail, 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me.
  • And David said to Abigail, "Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me.
33 'and blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from avenging myself with my own hand.'

1 S.25.33 - Details

Original Text

וברוך טעמך וברוכה את אשר כלתני היום הזה מבוא בדמים והשע ידי לי׃

Morphology

  • וברוך: CONJ+ADJ,ptc,pass,NA,m,sg,abs
  • טעמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff,2,m
  • וברוכה: CONJ+ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • כלתני: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • מבוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בדמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • והשע: CONJ+VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:35 (quotation): ‘Vengeance is mine, and recompense’ — establishes the principle that God, not individuals, will repay wrongs; Abigail’s relief at being kept from shedding blood echoes this conviction.
  • Romans 12:19 (quotation): ‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord’ — Paul’s citation of the divine-vengeance principle parallels Abigail’s refusal/relief at taking personal revenge.
  • Proverbs 20:22 (verbal): ‘Say not thou, I will recompense evil’ — an explicit admonition against personal retaliation, matching Abigail’s gratitude for being prevented from avenging herself.
  • Psalm 94:1–2 (thematic): The psalmist appeals to God as judge who repays evildoers; thematically similar to Abigail’s recognition that bloodshed and private vengeance should be averted and left to God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from avenging myself by my own hand.
  • And blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from avenging myself with my own hand.
34 For truly, as the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, who has restrained me from hurting you—had you not hurried and come to meet me, truly there had not been left to Nabal by morning any who breathe.

1 S.25.34 - Details

Original Text

ואולם חי־ יהוה אלהי ישראל אשר מנעני מהרע אתך כי ׀ לולי מהרת ותבאת לקראתי כי אם־ נותר לנבל עד־ אור הבקר משתין בקיר׃

Morphology

  • ואולם: CONJ
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מנעני: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • מהרע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • לולי: CONJ
  • מהרת: ADV
  • ותבאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • לקראתי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • נותר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • משתין: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,sg
  • בקיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:18-22 (structural): Immediate context: Abigail's meeting with David and her explanation that she prevented David from bloodshed — sets up the claim that God restrained David from harming Nabal.
  • 1 Samuel 25:33-35 (quotation): Close textual parallel: the surrounding verses describe David's oath, Abigail's humility, and the affirmation that God kept David from evil — verse 34 sits within this unit.
  • 1 Samuel 24:4-7 (thematic): David refrains from killing Saul despite opportunity, invoking reliance on God's judgment rather than personal vengeance — parallels the theme of restraint and divine sovereignty in 1 Sam 25:34.
  • 1 Samuel 26:9-11 (verbal): David again spares Saul and uses an oath formula ('As the LORD lives') to assert he will not harm him — echoes the oath-formula and the motif of restraint found in 1 Sam 25:34.
  • 2 Samuel 16:5-11 (thematic): When Shimei curses David, David restrains his followers from retaliating and leaves judgment to God — another instance where David refrains from personal vengeance and trusts divine justice.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For truly, as the LORD God of Israel lives, who hath restrained me from hurting you, except you had hastened and come to meet me, surely there had not been left to Nabal by the morning as much as one that pisseth against the wall.'
  • For as the LORD God of Israel lives, who has withheld me from hurting you, if you had not hurried and come to meet me, surely there would not have been left to Nabal by the morning one that urinates against the wall."
35 So David received of her that which she had brought him; and he said unto her, 'Go up to your house in peace; see, I have heard your voice, and I accept your person.'

1 S.25.35 - Details

Original Text

ויקח דוד מידה את אשר־ הביאה לו ולה אמר עלי לשלום לביתך ראי שמעתי בקולך ואשא פניך׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הביאה: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולה: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • לשלום: PREP
  • לביתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • ראי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • שמעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • בקולך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ואשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:32-33 (structural): Immediate context — David publicly blesses Abigail and accepts her intervention (he praises God and acknowledges her wise counsel), directly connected to his sending her away in peace and his statement that he hearkened to her voice.
  • Exodus 18:24 (verbal): Both verses use the verb 'hearken to the voice' (מָעַל/הִשְׁמִיעַ in Hebrew contexts) to indicate a leader accepting another's counsel — Moses 'hearkened to the voice of his father‑in‑law,' paralleling David's 'I have heard thy voice.'
  • Genesis 43:14 (verbal): Shares the farewell formula 'go in peace' (לך בשלום) used to dismiss a visitor/party safely to their home — here Joseph's brothers are sent in peace, paralleling David's sending Abigail to her house in peace.
  • Luke 2:29 (allusion): Simeon's 'Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace' echoes the idiom of departure in peace. Though New Testament and different setting, it resonates thematically and verbally with David's farewell 'go in peace' and the notion of dismissal with divine approval.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So David received of her that which she had brought; and he said to her, 'Go up in peace to your house; behold, I have hearkened to your voice, and I have accepted your present.'
  • And David received of her hand that which she had brought him; and he said to her, "Go up to your house in peace; see, I have hearkened to your voice, and I have accepted your face."
36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, he made a great feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken; wherefore she told him nothing, small or great, until the morning light.

1 S.25.36 - Details

Original Text

ותבא אביגיל ׀ אל־ נבל והנה־ לו משתה בביתו כמשתה המלך ולב נבל טוב עליו והוא שכר עד־ מאד ולא־ הגידה לו דבר קטן וגדול עד־ אור הבקר׃

Morphology

  • ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • אביגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והנה: ADV
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • משתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כמשתה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ולב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,const
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • שכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • מאד: ADV
  • ולא: CONJ
  • הגידה: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קטן: ADJ,m,sg
  • וגדול: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Esther 1:10 (verbal): Both describe a royal-style feast and the key phrase of revelry—Esther 1:10: “the heart of the king was merry with wine” echoes 1 Sam 25:36’s depiction of a feast like the king’s and Nabal’s heart being merry and his extreme drunkenness.
  • Proverbs 23:29-35 (thematic): A vivid poetic portrayal of the effects of drunkenness (loss of sense, waking and repeated craving) parallels 1 Sam 25:36–37’s image of extreme intoxication and failure to perceive events until morning.
  • Genesis 9:21 (thematic): Noah’s intoxication after planting a vineyard presents a similar motif—an otherwise prominent figure rendered unaware by drink—paralleling Nabal’s drunken obliviousness and its social consequences.
  • Isaiah 5:11-12 (thematic): Condemns those who rise early to pursue strong drink and are given to revelry so they ‘have no regard for the work of the LORD,’ thematically paralleling the moral/attentive impairment caused by excessive drinking in 1 Sam 25:36.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he made a feast in his house like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken; therefore she told him nothing at all until the morning light.
  • So Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, he held a feast in his house like the feast of a king, and Nabal's heart was merry within him; for he was very drunken: therefore she told him nothing at all until the morning light.
37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, that his wife told him these things; and his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.

1 S.25.37 - Details

Original Text

ויהי בבקר בצאת היין מנבל ותגד־ לו אשתו את־ הדברים האלה וימת לבו בקרבו והוא היה לאבן׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בבקר: PREP
  • בצאת: PREP+VERB,qal,infc
  • היין: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מנבל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ותגד: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs+3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בקרבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRS,3,sg
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לאבן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1Sam.25.22 (structural): David pronounces judgment on Nabal and vows destruction of his household — the report of this threat directly precipitates Nabal’s collapse (immediate narrative cause).
  • 1Sam.25.38 (structural): Immediate continuation of the episode: Abigail goes to Nabal, finds him dead — this verse records the aftermath of the heart’s death described in 25:37.
  • Ezekiel 36:26 (verbal): Uses the explicit image of a ‘heart of stone’/replacement of a stony heart with a heart of flesh — echoes the metaphorical language of becoming like a stone in 1 Sam 25:37.
  • Ezekiel 11:19 (verbal): Speaks of removing a ‘heart of stone’ and giving a new heart — another close verbal/thematic parallel to the stony, dead heart imagery in Nabal’s reaction.
  • Acts 2:37 (thematic): Listeners are ‘cut to the heart’ by Peter’s proclamation and experience intense inward shock — thematically parallel to the sudden inward death/numbness Nabal feels on hearing Abigail’s report.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
  • But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, and his wife told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
38 And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD struck Nabal, and he died.

1 S.25.38 - Details

Original Text

ויהי כעשרת הימים ויגף יהוה את־ נבל וימת׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כעשרת: NUM,m,sg,cons
  • הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ויגף: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 6:7 (verbal): God directly strikes an individual (Uzzah) for irreverence; uses same idea/verb of the LORD smiting a person as immediate judgment.
  • Acts 5:1-11 (thematic): Ananias and Sapphira are struck dead by God after deceit—parallel theme of sudden, direct divine execution for wrongdoing.
  • Numbers 16:31-33 (structural): Korah and his followers are instantly destroyed by the LORD for rebellion—structural parallel of immediate, punitive divine death.
  • 1 Chronicles 10:13-14 (thematic): Saul's death is presented as the Lord's punishment for disobedience—theological parallel explaining a leader's death as divine judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, and he died.
  • And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD struck Nabal, and he died.
39 And David heard that Nabal was dead; and he said, 'Blessed be the LORD who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept his servant from evil; and the LORD has returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke unto Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

1 S.25.39 - Details

Original Text

וישמע דוד כי מת נבל ויאמר ברוך יהוה אשר רב את־ ריב חרפתי מיד נבל ואת־ עבדו חשך מרעה ואת רעת נבל השיב יהוה בראשו וישלח דוד וידבר באביגיל לקחתה לו לאשה׃

Morphology

  • וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • מת: ADJ,m,sg
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • רב: ADJ,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ריב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חרפתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • מיד: PREP
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מרעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • רעת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
  • נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השיב: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בראשו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • באביגיל: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לקחתה: VERB,qal,inf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:28-31 (structural): Abigail’s earlier words predicted that God would keep David from bloodguilt and would repay Nabal; 1 Sam 25:39 narrates the fulfillment of that prediction.
  • 1 Samuel 25:42-43 (structural): Immediate continuation: after Nabal’s death David sends for and takes Abigail as his wife—verse 39 leads directly to this outcome.
  • Psalm 7:16 (Heb. 7:16) (verbal): Uses the same retributive idiom—‘his mischief returns upon his own head’—echoing the language of divine justice found in 1 Sam 25:39.
  • Proverbs 26:27 (thematic): Proverbial theme of a person’s evil deed returning to himself (e.g., digging a pit and falling into it), paralleling the motif that Nabal’s wickedness was returned upon his own head.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, 'Blessed be the LORD that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back his servant from evil; the LORD hath returned the evil of Nabal upon his own head.'
  • And David heard that Nabal was dead, and he said, "Blessed be the LORD, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept back his servant from evil; and the LORD has returned the wickedness of Nabal on his own head." And David sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to him to be his wife.
40 And David's young men came to Abigail the Carmelite, and said unto her, 'David hath sent us to you to take you to him to be his wife.'

1 S.25.40 - Details

Original Text

ויבאו עבדי דוד אל־ אביגיל הכרמלה וידברו אליה לאמר דוד שלחנו אליך לקחתך לו לאשה׃

Morphology

  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • אביגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הכרמלה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וידברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלחנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לקחתך: INF,qal,inf+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:39-43 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: these verses report David taking Abigail as his wife and also mention his marriage to Ahinoam, completing the action begun when David's servants are sent to fetch Abigail.
  • 1 Samuel 18:20-27 (thematic): Earlier episode in which David receives Saul's daughter Michal in marriage through negotiation and intermediaries; parallels the motif of arranging a wife for David via others.
  • 2 Samuel 5:13 (thematic): Summative statement that David took more concubines and wives after coming to Jerusalem, showing the recurring pattern of David acquiring wives as his status rises.
  • 2 Samuel 12:8 (allusion): Nathan's rebuke to David ('I gave you your master's house and your master's wives') alludes to the transfer of wives to David as part of royal succession/privilege — a cultural background to the marriage to Abigail.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And David sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to him to wife.
  • And David's servants came to Abigail to Carmel, and spoke unto her, saying, "David hath sent us to thee, to take thee to him to be his wife."
41 And she arose, and bowed with her face to the earth, and said, 'Behold, let your handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.'

1 S.25.41 - Details

Original Text

ותקם ותשתחו אפים ארצה ותאמר הנה אמתך לשפחה לרחץ רגלי עבדי אדני׃

Morphology

  • ותקם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ותשתחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • אפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • הנה: PART
  • אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • לשפחה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לרחץ: PREP+INF,qal
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:24 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: Abigail falls before David (prostration language) and addresses him, using similar phrasing of bowing and pledging service.
  • Ruth 2:10 (structural): Ruth falls on her face and bows before Boaz and offers humble service/requests—comparable posture and submission language signaling humility and petition.
  • John 13:5 (thematic): Jesus washes his disciples' feet as an act of humble service; parallels Abigail's offer to wash the feet of David's men—both use foot-washing imagery to express humility and service.
  • Luke 7:38 (thematic): A woman washes Jesus' feet with her tears and wipes them with her hair—an intimate act of humility and service comparable to Abigail's offer to wash the servants' feet.
  • Genesis 18:4 (thematic): Abraham's request that visitors have their feet washed (hospitality practice) echoes the cultural expectation and symbolic meaning of foot-washing and service in the ancient Near East.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And his servants came to Abigail to Carmel, and said to her, 'David hath sent us to you, to take you to him to wife.'
  • And she rose up, and bowed with her face to the earth, and said, "Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord."
42 And Abigail arose quickly, and rode upon a donkey, with five maidens following her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.

1 S.25.42 - Details

Original Text

ותמהר ותקם אביגיל ותרכב על־ החמור וחמש נערתיה ההלכות לרגלה ותלך אחרי מלאכי דוד ותהי־ לו לאשה׃

Morphology

  • ותמהר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ותקם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אביגיל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותרכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
  • נערתיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,f
  • ההלכות: VERB,qal,ptcp,f,pl,def
  • לרגלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:3,f
  • ותלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אחרי: PREP
  • מלאכי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Gen.24:58-67 (structural): Rebekah departs her father's house, mounts a beast, travels to meet Isaac and becomes his wife — a parallel narrative pattern of a woman leaving home to join a husband and the formalization of marriage.
  • Ruth 4:13-17 (thematic): Ruth, a widow, is legally joined to Boaz and bears a son who secures family continuity — echoes the theme of a widow/woman entering a new household and becoming a wife in the larger scheme of lineage and allegiance.
  • 2 Sam.11:26-27 (thematic): After the death of her husband, Bathsheba becomes David’s wife — a thematic parallel in which a woman becomes David’s spouse following the death/removal of a prior husband figure.
  • 1 Sam.18:27 (thematic): David acquires Michal as a wife through the political/military arrangements of Saul — parallels the motif of David’s marriages functioning within political and social negotiations rather than only private romance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And she arose and bowed with her face to the earth, and said, 'Behold, your handmaid is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.'
  • And Abigail hurried and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five maidens that followed her; and she was David's wife.
43 David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel, and they both became his wives.

1 S.25.43 - Details

Original Text

ואת־ אחינעם לקח דוד מיזרעאל ותהיין גם־ שתיהן לו לנשים׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • אחינעם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מיזרעאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותהיין: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,pl
  • גם: ADV
  • שתיהן: PRON,3,f,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לנשים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 25:42 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse reports David taking Abigail as a wife, paralleling the note that he also took Ahinoam (verse 43) — both verses record David's marriages in this episode.
  • 1 Samuel 25:44 (thematic): Contrasts David's wives (Abigail and Ahinoam) with Michal, whom Saul had given away to another man; highlights the shifting status of David's marital relations.
  • 2 Samuel 3:2 (verbal): Explicitly names Ahinoam of Jezreel as the mother of Amnon, confirming her identity as one of David's wives mentioned in 1 Samuel 25:43.
  • 2 Samuel 5:13 (thematic): Summarizes David's practice of taking additional wives and concubines after becoming king, thematically linking to the note that David took Ahinoam as a wife.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Abigail hurried and rode upon an ass, with five of her maidens that attended her; and she was David's wife.
  • Also David took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were both his wives.
44 But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.

1 S.25.44 - Details

Original Text

ושאול נתן את־ מיכל בתו אשת דוד לפלטי בן־ ליש אשר מגלים׃

Morphology

  • ושאול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מיכל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפלטי: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ליש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מגלים: VERB,qal,ptcp,pl,m

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:27 (verbal): Earlier account where Saul gives Michal his daughter to David as his wife (the initial transfer of Michal to David), providing the contrast with verse 25:44 where she is given to Palti.
  • 1 Samuel 19:11-12 (thematic): Michal's earlier loyalty to David—she helps him escape from Saul by letting him down through a window—highlighting her personal connection to David before Saul gives her away.
  • 2 Samuel 3:13-16 (structural): Follows up on Michal's transfer: after Abner defects to David, Michal is taken from Palti and returned to David; the passage also records Palti (Paltiel) following her weeping, directly connecting to Palti son of Laish in 1 Sam 25:44.
  • 2 Samuel 6:20-23 (thematic): Later episode showing Michal's estrangement from David (her rebuke of his behavior before the ark and the statement that she remained childless), reflecting the long-term consequences of the marital and political transfers described in 1 Sam 25:44.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they became both of them David's wives. And Saul gave Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti son of Laish, who was of Gallim.
  • But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.

And Samuel died, and all Israel assembled and mourned for him; and they buried him at his house in Ramah. And David rose up and went down into the wilderness of Paran. Now there was a man in Maon, whose business was in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats; and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel. And the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail; and the woman was of good understanding and of a beautiful countenance; but the man was harsh and evil in his doings—he was a son of Belial. And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep. And David sent ten young men; and he said to the young men, 'Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name.' And say thus to him: "Long life to you! Peace be to you, peace be to your house, and peace be to all that is yours." And now I have heard that your shepherds were with us; they were not neglected and nothing was missing all the days they were at Carmel.

Ask your young men, and they will tell you; and let them find favor in your eyes: for as is fitting on a good day, give now what your hand finds to your servants and to the son of Jesse. So David's young men came and spoke to Nabal according to all those words in David's name, and stayed. And Nabal answered David's servants and said, 'Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants now a days who break away from their masters.'

Shall I take my bread and my water and the slaughter for my shepherds and give it to men I do not know where they are from? So the young men turned on their way, and came back and told him all these words. And David said to his men, 'Gird on every man his sword.' And every man girded on his sword; and David also girded on his sword. About four hundred men went up after David, and two hundred stayed with the baggage. But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to bless our master; and they railed on them.'

The men were very good to us, and we were not harmed, neither were we missing anything while we were among them all the days we were in the field.

They were a wall to us both by night and by day, all the days we were with them keeping the sheep. Now therefore know and consider what you will do; for harm is determined against our master and against all his household; for he is such a man of Belial that one cannot speak to him.

Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, two skins of wine, five prepared sheep, five measures of parched grain, a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of pressed figs, and laid them on the asses. And she said to her young men, 'Pass on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she did not tell her husband Nabal. And it was so, as she rode upon the donkey, that she met David and his men coming down toward her; and David was going down to meet them. And David had said, 'Surely in vain have I kept all that pertains to this fellow in the wilderness; and nothing was missed of all that is his while we were with them, and yet it has come to me as evil for good.'

May God do so to me, and more also, if by morning I leave of all that belongs to him a single male alive.

Then Abigail saw David, and she hurried and alighted from the donkey, and fell before David on her face, and bowed to the ground. And she fell at his feet, and said, 'On me, my lord, be the iniquity; let your handmaid speak in your hearing, and hear the words of your handmaid.'

Please let not my lord regard this man Nabal; for as his name is, so is he—Nabal is his name, and folly is with him; and I your handmaid did not see the young men of my lord whom you sent. Now therefore, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, the LORD who has restrained you from coming into blood and has delivered you from the hand of Saul,

let this blessing which your maidservant has brought to my lord be given to the young men who follow my lord.

Please pardon the trespass of your handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because the battles of the LORD, my lord, shall be fought, and misfortune shall not be found in you all your days.

Yet a man shall rise up to pursue you, and to seek your life; but the life of my lord shall be bound up in the bundle of life with the LORD your God, and the lives of your enemies He shall sling out as from the hollow of a sling. And when the LORD shall have dealt with my lord according to all the good that He has spoken concerning you, and shall have appointed you ruler over Israel,

then this shall be no occasion for you to fall nor a snare to cause bloodguilt; when my lord is delivered and the LORD has done good to you, remember your handmaid. And David said to Abigail, 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me;'

'and blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from avenging myself with my own hand.'

For truly, as the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, who has restrained me from hurting you—had you not hurried and come to meet me, truly there had not been left to Nabal by morning any who breathe. So David received of her that which she had brought him; and he said unto her, 'Go up to your house in peace; see, I have heard your voice, and I accept your person.' And Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, he made a great feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken; wherefore she told him nothing, small or great, until the morning light. But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, that his wife told him these things; and his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD struck Nabal, and he died. And David heard that Nabal was dead; and he said, 'Blessed be the LORD who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept his servant from evil; and the LORD has returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke unto Abigail, to take her to him to wife. And David's young men came to Abigail the Carmelite, and said unto her, 'David hath sent us to you to take you to him to be his wife.' And she arose, and bowed with her face to the earth, and said, 'Behold, let your handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.' And Abigail arose quickly, and rode upon a donkey, with five maidens following her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.

David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel, and they both became his wives. But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.