Firstfruits
Leviticus 23:9-14
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Lev.23.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Same introductory formula where God addresses Moses to give sacrificial laws — a near-identical wording ('And the LORD called/united unto Moses, and spoke unto him...').
- Exodus 20:1 (structural): Another canonical example of the introductory formula ('And God spoke all these words, saying') that introduces a major block of divine instruction (the Ten Commandments).
- Numbers 28:1 (thematic): God speaks to Moses to give regulations concerning offerings and sacred times — parallels the legal/ritual instruction context of Leviticus 23.
- Deuteronomy 5:4 (thematic): Describes the LORD speaking directly to Israel through Moses ('The LORD talked with you face to face'), highlighting the tradition of God’s direct address through Moses which frames Levitical legislation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.23.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- תבאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- וקצרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- קצירה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והבאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- עמר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קצירכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:9-14 (structural): Immediate context giving the full instruction for the omer (sheaf) offering—what to bring, to whom (the priest), and how it is consecrated during the early harvest.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-11 (verbal): Parallels language and occasion: bringing the firstfruits/first of the ground to the LORD upon entering the land and offering a declaration before the priest or Levite.
- Exodus 34:22 (thematic): Speaks of the Feast of Weeks/Harvest as a festival of the firstfruits of the harvest, linking the omer offering to the annual harvest festivals.
- Leviticus 23:15-16 (structural): Continues the same legislation by prescribing the counting of seven weeks from the omer to the offering at the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot), directly tied to bringing the sheaf.
- 1 Corinthians 15:20 (allusion): New Testament theological appropriation: Paul uses the language of 'firstfruits' to describe Christ’s resurrection, echoing the cultic concept of a first harvest offering as representative or guarantee.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you come into the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, then you shall bring the sheaf, the first of your harvest, to the priest.
- Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you come into the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the first of your harvest to the priest.
Lev.23.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והניף: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העמר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לרצנכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx:2,m,pl
- ממחרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יניפנו: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:10 (verbal): Introduces the command to 'bring the sheaf of the firstfruits' and to 'count'—directly establishes the sheaf/wave offering that v.11 prescribes.
- Leviticus 23:12-14 (structural): Gives the accompanying ritual details (the priest waving the sheaf, the offering of a lamb, grain and drink offerings) that complete the ceremony begun in v.11.
- Numbers 28:26 (thematic): Connects the offering of firstfruits and the celebration of the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot), echoing the liturgical setting and sacrificial provisions tied to the sheaf/wave offering.
- Deuteronomy 16:9-12 (structural): Commands the counting of seven weeks from the time the sickle is first put to the standing grain and prescribes a festival with firstfruits—parallels the calendrical and festival logic behind the sheaf offering.
- 1 Corinthians 15:20 (thematic): Paul applies the 'firstfruits' motif to Christ's resurrection—an ideological allusion to the sheaf/firstfruits offering as emblematic of a first, representative harvest.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD for your acceptance; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
- He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD for your acceptance; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
Lev.23.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ביום: PREP
- הניפכם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- העמר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כבש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:11 (verbal): Describes the waving of the omer/sheaf 'on the day after the sabbath' and the purpose of the wave—directly tied to the lamb offering prescribed in 23:12.
- Leviticus 23:10 (structural): Sets the institution of bringing the sheaf of the firstfruits when Israel enters the land, framing the ceremonial context for the wave and accompanying offerings.
- Numbers 28:26-27 (thematic): Gives sacrificial prescriptions for the Feast of Weeks/firstfruits day (additional offerings and peace/burnt offerings), paralleling Leviticus' regulations for offerings connected to the firstfruits.
- Deuteronomy 16:9 (thematic): Commands the seven-week counting that begins 'from the morrow after the sabbath,' linking the timing of the omer/wave offering to the later Feast of Weeks (Shavuot).
- 1 Corinthians 15:20 (allusion): New Testament theological use of 'firstfruits' to describe Christ's resurrection echoes the cultic image of a first, consecrated offering set apart to God in Leviticus 23.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a lamb, a year old, without blemish, as a burnt offering to the LORD;
- And on the day you wave the sheaf you shall offer a male lamb, a year old, without blemish, as a burnt offering to the LORD.
Lev.23.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומנחתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,prsuff:3ms
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלולה: ADJ,ptc,pas,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ונסכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רביעת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 15:4 (verbal): Gives the same formulaic measures for a meal offering and drink offering — a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil and a quarter of a hin of wine.
- Leviticus 23:17-18 (verbal): The Pentecost (Shavuot) offering uses the identical wording and quantities (two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil; a fourth of a hin of wine) and the same 'pleasant aroma' formula.
- Numbers 28:7 (verbal): The regular daily burnt-offering instructions repeat the same meal-offering-with-oil and the quarter-hin drink offering — same sacrificial measure and pairing.
- Leviticus 2:1-2 (thematic): Establishes the general rule for grain (meal) offerings: fine flour mixed with oil (and often frankincense), linking Lev 23:13's specific festival offering to the broader minchah regulations.
Alternative generated candidates
- and its grain offering shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma; and its drink offering shall be wine, a fourth of a hin.
- And its grain offering shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—an offering by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering shall be wine, a quarter of a hin.
Lev.23.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולחם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכרמל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,2,mp
- עד: PREP
- עצם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- הביאכם: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קרבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- חקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדרתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משבתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Lev.23:10-11 (structural): Immediate context: prescribes the waving of the sheaf (omer) and the priest's offering before any new grain may be eaten—directly explains the requirement in 23:14.
- Lev.23:15-16 (structural): Continues the festival instructions by commanding the counting of seven weeks from the sheaf offering, linking the prohibition on eating new grain to the omer-counting period.
- Exod.23:16 (thematic): Speaks of the Feast of Harvest and the firstfruits of your labours—connects the agricultural/firstfruits theme and the obligation to present new produce to God before personal use.
- Deut.16:9-12 (thematic): Gives instructions for counting weeks and observing the feast of weeks (Shavuot) with offerings and rejoicing—parallels the festival timetable and communal obligations tied to new grain.
- Num.18:12 (verbal): Refers to the best of the wheat and firstfruits offered to the LORD and given to the priests—parallels the idea that new grain/firstfruits must be dedicated before consumption.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh grain until this very day, until you have brought the offering of your God; it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
- And bread, parched grain, or fresh grain you shall not eat until this very day, until you have brought the offering of your God: a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Speak to the Israelites and say to them, When you come into the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf, the first of your harvest, to the priest. And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, for your acceptance; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it. And on the day you wave the sheaf you shall offer a male lamb without blemish, a year old, for a burnt offering to the LORD. And its grain offering shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—an offering by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering shall be wine, a fourth of a hin. And bread, parched grain, or fresh kernels you shall not eat until this very day, until you have brought the offering of your God; it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your settlements.