Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown
2 Kings 11:1-21
2 K.11.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתליה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ראתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מת: ADJ,m,sg
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- ותקם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ותאבד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הממלכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:10-12 (verbal): Parallel account of the same event: Athaliah's massacre of the royal seed after Ahaziah's death; Chronicles gives the same charge against her and mentions Jehosheba's rescue of Joash.
- 2 Chronicles 23:1-11 (structural): Narrative continuation showing the coup led by Jehoiada to anoint Joash and overthrow Athaliah, paralleling 2 Kings 11–12's account of the preservation and enthronement of the surviving heir.
- Matthew 2:16 (thematic): Herod's order to kill Bethlehem's male infants to eliminate a rival king echoes Athaliah's slaughter of the royal seed to secure power—both are politically motivated infanticides.
- Exodus 1:15-22 (thematic): Pharaoh's decree to kill Hebrew newborn boys to suppress Israel is thematically similar: a ruler's decree to exterminate potential heirs/population as a means of political control.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal seed.
- When Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal offspring.
2 K.11.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- יהושבע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ותגנב: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- מתוך: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המומתים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואת: CONJ
- מינקתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
- בחדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המטות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויסתרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- מפני: PREP
- עתליהו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- הומת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:11-12 (verbal): Direct parallel account: Jehosheba (daughter of the king) steals Joash and hides him from Athaliah; Chronicles repeats and slightly expands the narrative in Kings.
- 2 Chronicles 23:11 (verbal): Continued/parallel account in Chronicles describing Joash being brought out, hidden in the temple, and guarded—part of the same chronicler’s retelling of the Kings episode.
- Exodus 2:2-10 (thematic): Infant rescued and hidden to escape a royal decree of death (Moses hidden from Pharaoh’s order); similar motif of protecting a future leader by secret preservation of a child.
- Matthew 2:16-18 (thematic): Herod’s slaughter of the Bethlehem infants and the escape of Jesus through secretive means; parallels the motif of a murderous ruler seeking to destroy a royal/mesianic child and the child's preservation.
- 1 Samuel 19:11-17 (thematic): Michal’s intervention to save David from Saul (letting him down through a window and deceiving pursuers); comparable example of a woman within the royal household hiding and facilitating the escape of a threatened future king.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Jehosheba, the king’s daughter, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the king’s sons who were slain; she and his nurse hid him in the house of the LORD so that he was not slain.
- But Jehosheba, the king’s daughter, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the king’s sons who were about to be slain; she and his nurse hid him in the chamber of beds, and he was not slain.
2 K.11.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מתחבא: VERB,hithpael,ptc,ms,sg
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועתליה: NOUN,prop,sg,f
- מלכת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:11-12 (structural): Direct parallel account of the same event: Joash is hidden in the house of the LORD for six years while Athaliah rules (Chronicles retells the story found in 2 Kings).
- 1 Samuel 19:11-17 (thematic): Michal hides David to protect him from Saul's murderous intent; parallels the theme of a rightful claimant preserved in secret from a reigning persecutor.
- Exodus 2:2-3 (thematic): Moses as an infant is hidden/sent away to escape a royal decree to kill Hebrew boys—another instance of a child preserved from a monarch’s slaughter to ensure future leadership.
- 1 Samuel 1:24-28 (verbal): Hannah brings Samuel to the house of the LORD and he serves there as a young boy; parallels the motif and language of a child kept in the sanctuary (’house of the LORD’).
- Psalm 27:5 (thematic): The image of the LORD’s house as a place of refuge—'He will hide me in his pavilion'—echoes the sanctuary-as-protection motif underlying Joash’s concealment in the temple.
Alternative generated candidates
- He was hidden in the house of the LORD six years; and Athaliah reigned over the land.
- He was hidden with the house of the LORD six years, while Athaliah reigned over the land.
2 K.11.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובשנה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השביעית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לכרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולרצים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישבע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:3 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Jehoiada summoning the captains, bringing them to the temple, making a covenant and showing them the king (Joash).
- 2 Chronicles 23:5 (verbal): Close retelling that describes bringing the military leaders to the temple, swearing them there, and publicly recognizing the young king—high verbal and narrative overlap.
- 2 Kings 11:5 (verbal): Immediate continuation in the same narrative: Jehoiada stations the captains at the city gates and organizes the public proclamation and protection of the king.
- 1 Kings 1:32-40 (structural): Coronation of Solomon: use of captains, priests, public assembly, anointing and acclamation to secure a royal succession—parallel procedure for installing and legitimizing a king.
- Exodus 24:3-8 (thematic): Cultic model of covenant-making and oath before God and the people in a sacred setting; provides the ritual background for Jehoiada’s covenant and swearing in the temple.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the seventh year Jehoiada sent and took the commanders of hundreds, the officers and the runners, and brought them to him to the house of the LORD; and he made a covenant with them, and showed them the king’s son.
- In the seventh year Jehoiada sent and brought the captains of hundreds, and the Kerethites and the guards, to him into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them and showed them the king’s son.
2 K.11.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצום: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תעשון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- השלשית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- מכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- באי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,m,pl
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושמרי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:4 (structural): Parallel retelling of Jehoiada's arrangement of captains and watchers to secure the king's house; Chronicles repeats the command to divide guards and keep the royal precincts.
- 2 Kings 11:4 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse describes Jehoiada taking captains and setting the watch—this verse continues the same organizational command regarding the guards.
- 2 Kings 11:6 (thematic): Describes the outcome of the guard deployment—when the guards carry out Jehoiada's plan and overthrow Athaliah—showing the practical purpose of the commanded watches.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20 (thematic): Describes the organization and duties of gatekeepers and divisions assigned to keep the house/temple—parallels the institutional practice of assigning watches to protect a sacred or royal precinct.
Alternative generated candidates
- He charged them: “This is what you shall do: one third of you who enter on the Sabbath shall keep the watch of the king’s house.
- He charged them, saying, “This is what you shall do: one third of you who come on the Sabbath shall keep the watch of the king’s house;
2 K.11.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והשלשית: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סור: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והשלשית: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחר: PREP
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ושמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מסח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:5 (verbal): Direct parallel narrative of Joash's coronation; gives the same instructions to station guards at the temple gates with very similar wording.
- 1 Chronicles 26:15-18 (thematic): Describes the organization and rotation of gatekeepers (Levites) and their posts at the temple gates—comparable practice of assigning guards to specific gates.
- 1 Chronicles 9:22-27 (thematic): Lists porters and Levites stationed at various gates with duties and divisions, reflecting the same concern for guarding the house of the LORD.
- Nehemiah 7:2 (thematic): Reports the appointment and oversight of gatekeepers for Jerusalem’s gates, illustrating the broader administrative practice of placing watchmen at gates/entrances.
Alternative generated candidates
- One third shall be at the Sur gate, one third at the other gate, and the runners shall be stationed in the city; and you shall guard the house from the rampart.
- one third shall be at the gate Sur, and one third at the other gate of the guard; and you shall keep the watch of the house so that none may go out to the king.”
2 K.11.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושתי: CONJ+NUM,f,du
- הידות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- בכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- יצאי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:7 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Jehoiada setting guards and organizing the people to protect and bring out the king; Chronicles repeats the same actions and wording as 2 Kings 11.
- 2 Chronicles 23:8 (structural): Describes the Levites, priests and gatekeepers stationed to keep watch over the house of the LORD and to escort the king — the same arrangement and purpose as in 2 Kings 11:7.
- 1 Kings 1:33-40 (thematic): Narrates a royal installation supported by armed men and officials (Benaiah, Cherethites and Pelethites); thematically parallels the use of guards and public acclamation in securing a king's accession.
- 1 Chronicles 9:26-27 (verbal): Speaks of gatekeepers and their duty to 'keep the thresholds' of the house of the LORD — similar language and temple-guard function echoed in 2 Kings 11:7.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20-21 (verbal): Lists the duties of gatekeepers and their watches at the temple entrances, providing background on the institutional role behind the guards placed in 2 Kings 11.
Alternative generated candidates
- And two officers shall be over all who go out on the Sabbath, and they shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD for the king.
- “And two companies shall be with you, all the men who go out on the Sabbath; and they shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD for the king.”
2 K.11.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקפתם: VERB,hif,perf,2,m,pl
- על: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכליו: NOUN,m,pl,poss3ms
- בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- והבא: VERB,qal,ptc,-,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- השדרות: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בצאתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- ובבאו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
Parallels
- 2Kings 11:4 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter—Jehoiada's instruction to the captains to surround the king with weapons in their hands uses nearly identical wording and intent.
- 2Chronicles 23:7 (verbal): Direct Chronicle parallel to Kings; repeats the command to compasses the king round about with every man his weapon in his hand (near-verbatim account).
- 2Chronicles 23:11 (structural): Chronicles' continuation of the episode: bringing out the king's son, crowning him, placing him in the palace and executing opponents—mirrors the actions envisaged by the order in 2 Kgs 11:8.
- 1Kings 1:33-40 (thematic): Solomon's anointing and installation involve a military or public escort, a procession to a royal place and measures to secure the new king and neutralize rivals—comparable motif of securing a succession by force and ceremony.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall surround the king, each man with his weapons in his hand; whoever comes in shall be put to death; and be with the king when he goes out and when he comes in.”
- “You shall surround the king round, every man with his weapons in his hand; and you shall bring out the king from the entrance of the house and set him at the entrance of the king’s house, and he shall be with you as he goes out and as he comes in.”
2 K.11.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אנשיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss:3,m,sg
- באי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,m,pl
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- יצאי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:8 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Jehoiada ordering the captains of hundreds to take their men (including Sabbath attendants) and bring them to the priest; nearly identical narrative wording and sequence.
- 1 Kings 1:32-40 (thematic): Scene of securing and proclaiming a king with the support of royal guards and public ceremony—similar use of military/officials to install a rightful monarch.
- Exodus 32:26 (thematic): Moses' call ‘Whoever is for the LORD, come to me’ and the Levites mustering to carry out a decisive, divinely sanctioned action—parallel motif of rallying loyal forces to a priestly leader.
- 2 Kings 9:1-10 (thematic): Anointing of Jehu and the rapid mobilization of officers/soldiers to execute a coup against the royal house—parallels the use of captains and troops to enforce a priestly/political transition.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the commanders of hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded; they took every man his men, those who came on the Sabbath with those who went out on the Sabbath, and brought them to Jehoiada the priest.
- The captains of hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded; each took his men, the men who were to go out on the Sabbath together with those who went in on the Sabbath, and they came to Jehoiada the priest.
2 K.11.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לשרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- החנית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- השלטים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2Chr.23.9 (quotation): Nearly identical wording in the parallel Chronicler’s account: the priest gives the commanders the spears and shields that belonged to King David and were kept in the house of the LORD.
- 2Kgs.11.4 (structural): Earlier verse in the same narrative describing Jehoiada’s organization of the captains and guards — sets the scene for arming them with David’s weapons in v.10.
- 2Kgs.11.11 (structural): Immediate follow‑up in the coronation sequence: after receiving the weapons the guard and the people anoint Joash and acclaim him as king, linking the armament to the enthronement.
- 1Kgs.1.39 (thematic): Solomon’s anointing by the priest (Zadok) and the public coronation use similar temple/royal ceremonial elements (priestly action, public acclaim, use of royal insignia) as in Joash’s installation.
- 1Sam.17.7 (thematic): Spears and shields as emblematic royal/military equipment — the verse’s detailed image of Goliath’s spear/shield provides a wider biblical motif of heavy arms as symbols of power and warfare, echoing the significance of David’s weapons kept in the temple.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest gave to the commanders the spears and the shields of King David that were in the house of the LORD.
- And the priest gave to the captains the spears and the shields which had belonged to King David, that were in the house of the LORD.
2 K.11.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעמדו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכליו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- מכתף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הימנית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- כתף: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השמאלית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- למזבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבית: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:9-11 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Jehoiada stationing armed men (runners/guard) from the right to the left of the house, around the altar and the king — essentially the same narrative wording and arrangement as 2 Kgs 11:11.
- 1 Kings 1:38-40 (verbal): During Solomon’s anointing Zadok, Nathan, Benaiah and the king’s guard accompany and protect the new king — a comparable scene of armed attendants placed to secure the anointing and the person of the king.
- 1 Chronicles 26:14-15 (thematic): Describes gatekeepers and temple officers armed with spears and assigned to guard duties for the house of the LORD — thematically parallels the placement of armed guards around the temple/altar in 2 Kgs 11:11.
- 1 Chronicles 9:24-27 (structural): Lists porters/gatekeepers and their organization for service in the house of the LORD, including duties involving protection and watch — structurally parallels the institutional deployment of men around the temple described in 2 Kgs 11:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- The runners stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, by the altar and round about the king.
- The guards stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, from the right of the house even to the left of the house, by the altar and around the king.
2 K.11.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויוצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הנזר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- העדות: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וימלכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- וימשחהו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl+PRON:3,m,sg
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כף: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- יחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:11-12 (quotation): A near-verbatim retelling of Joash’s coronation: the king’s son is brought out, crowned, anointed, and the people acclaim, “Long live the king!”
- 1 Kings 1:39-40 (verbal): Solomon’s accession: Zadok anoints the new king, the trumpet is blown and the people shout acclamation—similar language and ritual of anointing and public cheering.
- 2 Kings 9:6-13 (thematic): Jehu’s anointing and proclamation as king: a prophetic appointment followed by public recognition and a trumpet/shout, paralleling the pattern of installing a monarch by anointing and acclamation.
- 1 Samuel 10:24-25 (thematic): Samuel presents and anoints Saul before the people, who then acclaim the newly appointed king—another instance of prophet-led installation with popular acclamation.
- 1 Samuel 16:13 (allusion): Samuel anoints David as chosen of the LORD; while not a crowning with a crown and shouts, the anointing functions as conferral of leadership/kingly status, echoing the ritual significance in 2 Kgs 11:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then they brought out the king’s son and put the crown upon him, and gave them the testimony; they made him king and anointed him, and they clapped their hands and cried, “Long live the king!”
- Then they brought out the king’s son and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony; and they made him king and anointed him, and they clapped their hands and said, “Long live the king!”
2 K.11.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותשמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- עתליה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרצין: NOUN,m,pl,def
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:12 (quotation): Direct parallel account: Athaliah hears the tumult of the people and comes to the house of the LORD (same episode retold in Chronicles).
- 2 Chronicles 23:11 (structural): Sets the immediately preceding scene in Chronicles — people gathered, wild uproar and the anointing of Joash — which explains the noise that draws Athaliah out.
- Ezra 3:11 (thematic): Crowd shouting and giving great praise in the house of God at a decisive religious moment; parallels the motif of popular noise/celebration in the temple context.
- 1 Chronicles 15:25-28 (thematic): Public, noisy worship (trumpets, cymbals, singing, shouting) in the presence of the ark — another example of a large, loud assembly in a sacred space that produces a notable tumult.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Athaliah heard the noise of the runners and of the people, she came to the people into the house of the LORD.
- When Athaliah heard the tumult of the people rushing and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD.
2 K.11.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- והנה: ADV
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- העמוד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כמשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והשרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- והחצצרות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- שמח: ADJ,m,sg
- ותקע: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בחצצרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותקרע: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עתליה: NOUN,f,sg,prop
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדיה: NOUN,m,pl,poss3,f
- ותקרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- קשר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- קשר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:11-15 (structural): Direct parallel account of Joash’s enthronement: the king placed on a pillar, princes and trumpets, the people’s rejoicing, and Athaliah tearing her clothes and crying ‘Treason.’
- 1 Kings 1:34-40 (verbal): Solomon’s anointing/coronation: officials anoint the king, trumpets are blown and the people shout/cry for the king—coronation ritual imagery echoed in 2 Kgs 11:14.
- 2 Samuel 13:19 (thematic): Tamar’s tearing of her clothes after rape; parallels the motif of tearing garments as a visible expression of outrage, mourning or protest (Athaliah’s tearing and cry).
- Psalm 47:5-8 (thematic): Coronation/royal liturgy language—‘God has gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a trumpet’ and peoples’ rejoicing—echoes the trumpets and public acclamation in 2 Kgs 11:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- She saw,—and behold, the king stood by the pillar, as was the custom—and the princes and the trumpeters by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced and blew the trumpets. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and cried, “Conspiracy! Conspiracy!”
- She looked, and behold, the king stood by the pillar, as was his custom, and the captains and the trumpets were before the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced and blew trumpets; then Athaliah tore her clothes and cried, “Treason! Treason!”
2 K.11.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- פקדי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- החיל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- הוציאו: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,pl
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשדרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והבא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אחריה: PREP,3,f,sg
- המת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- תומת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:15-17 (structural): Direct parallel account of Jehoiada’s actions: the priest musters the captains, secures the king, and deals with Athaliah and her supporters; Chronicles closely mirrors the narrative and wording of 2 Kings 11.
- 2 Kings 10:18-28 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of Ahab’s house—use of military force to eliminate a rival faction and secure a new regime; similar method and purpose (violent cleansing to consolidate power).
- 1 Kings 2:5-6 (thematic): Solomon’s command to Benaiah to execute Joab and others who threatened the dynasty—another instance of sovereign orders to remove opponents to ensure stability of the throne.
- 2 Samuel 3:27-30 (thematic): The assassination of Abner and the political fallout: a violent act tied to factional rivalry and consolidation of power, echoing the theme of eliminating military/political rivals in royal succession struggles.
- Matthew 2:16 (thematic): Herod’s massacre of the innocents as an archetypal example of a ruler’s violent attempt to eliminate possible rivals and secure his throne—parallel in motive and ruthless method.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jehoiada the priest commanded the commanders of hundreds, the officers of the host: “Bring her out between the ranks, and put to the sword anyone who follows her; but do not put her to death in the house of the LORD.”
- And Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of hundreds, the officers of the host, and said to them, “Take her out from among the house; and whoever follows her shall be put to the sword.” For the priest had said, “Do not let her be slain in the house of the LORD.”
2 K.11.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מבוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסוסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותומת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 11:12 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same narrative: earlier verse describes the anointing and installation of the child (Joash) as king—the same coronation action continued in v.16.
- 2 Chronicles 23:11-12 (quotation): Direct retelling of the same event in Chronicles: Jehoiada and the leaders place Joash as king and bring him through the horse gate into the king's house (very close verbal and structural correspondence).
- Numbers 27:18-23 (thematic): Uses the laying on of hands as a means of transferring authority—Moses lays hands on Joshua to appoint his successor, paralleling the ritual gesture of putting hands on Joash to install him.
- 1 Kings 1:32-40 (thematic): Coronation narrative of Solomon: public anointing and acclamation as king, with attendants and trumpets—parallels Joash's secretive but ritualized enthronement and the formal transfer of royal status.
- 2 Samuel 5:3 (thematic): General royal enthronement motif: Israel’s recognition and anointing of a king (David) by the people/tribes, echoing the communal and legitimizing aspects of Joash’s installation.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they laid hands on her; and she went by the way of the horses’ entrance into the king’s house, and there she was slain.
- So they laid hands on her, and she came by the way of the horses’ entrance to the king’s house; and there she was slain.
2 K.11.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בין: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להיות: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA
- לעם: PREP
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:3–11 (structural): Parallel account of Jehoiada’s actions — the covenant made in the temple binding the LORD, the king (Joash), and the people; the same event retold with corresponding details.
- 2 Samuel 5:3 (thematic): All the elders make a covenant with David before the LORD and anoint him king — similar pattern of covenanting the people, the king, and Yahweh at the moment of establishing kingship.
- 1 Samuel 11:14–15 (thematic): After Saul’s victory the people go to Gilgal and renew the kingdom, making Saul king before the LORD — another instance of covenanting/confirming the kingship publicly before Yahweh and the people.
- Exodus 24:3–8 (thematic): Moses reads the law and ‘makes a covenant’ between the LORD and the people, sealed ritually (blood) — provides the covenantal background and language informing Israel’s practice of covenanting God with the community (and by extension with its ruler).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people, that they should be the LORD’s people; and the king also should be the people’s.
- And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD, the king, and the people, that they should be the LORD’S people; and the king also should be the people’s protector.
2 K.11.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויתצהו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מזבחתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- צלמיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- היטב: ADV
- ואת: CONJ
- מתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הרגו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- המזבחות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- פקדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:15-20 (quotation): Direct retelling of the same event—people tear down Baal's house, kill Mattan the priest at the altars, and set overseers in the temple of YHWH (chronicle parallel to Kings).
- 2 Kings 10:26-28 (thematic): Jehu's purge of Baal worship: tearing down the house of Baal, destroying its worship, and executing its priests—closely parallels the violent eradication of Baal-cult described here.
- 1 Kings 18:40 (thematic): Elijah's action after the contest on Carmel: the destruction of Baal's prophets and the purge of Baal worship—similar motif of eliminating rival cultic personnel and sites.
- Judges 6:25-27 (thematic): Gideon's night-time demolition of his father's altar to Baal and the cutting down of the Asherah pole—an earlier example of Israelite practice of tearing down foreign altars.
- Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (verbal): Priestly/Deuteronomic injunction to utterly destroy the high places, break down altars and burn sacred stones—provides the law-background for the people's destructive actions against Baal-worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the people of the land went into the house of Baal; and they tore down the house of Baal, and broke its altars and its images in pieces; and they killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed overseers over the house of the LORD.
- And all the people went to the house of Baal and tore it down; they broke down its altars and its images in pieces and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And Jehoiada appointed the captains over the house of the LORD.
2 K.11.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הכרי: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וירידו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויבואו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כסא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2Chron.23.14 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Jehoash's coronation: the guards bring the king from the house of the LORD through the gate of the runners and set him on the royal throne.
- 1Kings.1.33-40 (structural): Coronation scene for Solomon: captains, runners and officers bring David's son out, anoint him and install him on the throne—similar personnel and public enthronement pattern.
- 1Kings.1.45-46 (verbal): After Solomon's anointing the courtiers and people escort him and proclaim him king, echoing the procession and seating in the palace.
- 1Chron.29.22-23 (thematic): Solomon 'sat on the throne of the LORD as king'—the motif of the monarch occupying the royal seat associated with Yahweh's house.
- Ps.2.6 (thematic): Divine declaration 'I have set my king on Zion, my holy hill'—theological theme of a God‑sanctioned king enthroned in God's sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- He took the commanders of hundreds, the officers and the runners, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king from the house of the LORD, and came by way of the gate of the guards to the king’s house; and the king sat on the throne of the kings.
- Then he took the captains of hundreds and the Kerethites and the guards and brought the king down from the house of the LORD, by the way of the gate of the guards to the king’s house; and the king sat on the throne of the kings.
2 K.11.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והעיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- שקטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- עתליהו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המיתו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 23:21 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the same event; Chronicles uses essentially the same language about the people rejoicing and the city being quiet after Athaliah was killed in the palace.
- 2 Kings 11:12–16 (structural): Immediate narrative context in Kings: the coronation of Joash, the seizure of Athaliah and her execution—these preceding verses structurally lead to the rejoicing described in v.20.
- 2 Chronicles 23:11–15 (structural): Chronicles' fuller retelling of the coup led by Jehoiada and the Levites/guards, including Athaliah's arrest and execution; parallels the sequence that culminates in national rejoicing.
- 2 Kings 10:18–28 (thematic): Jehu’s violent purge of Ahab’s house and the eradication of a corrupt royal line; thematically parallels the removal of a usurping/evil monarch (Athaliah) and the ensuing public relief and restoration of legitimate rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet; for Athaliah had been slain with the sword in the king’s house.
- And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet; and Athaliah they put to the sword in the king’s house.
When Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal seed. But Jehosheba, the king’s daughter, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the king’s sons who were being slain; she and the child’s nurse hid him in the house of the LORD so that he was not put to death. And he was with the household of the LORD hidden six years; and Athaliah reigned over the land. And in the seventh year Jehoiada sent and took the captains of the hundreds, the Kerethites, and the runners, and brought them to him into the house of the LORD, and he made a covenant with them and showed them the king’s son. And he charged them, saying, “This is what you shall do: a third part of you who enter on the sabbath shall keep the watch of the king’s house;
a third shall be at the Sur gate, and a third at the other gate; and the runners shall be stationed by the house to guard it. And two companies shall be with you, all the sabbath-goers; and they shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD for the king. And you shall surround the king, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whoever comes near shall be put to death; and be the king at his going out and at his coming in.” And the captains of the hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded; and each took his men, those who were to enter on the sabbath with those who went out on the sabbath, and brought them to Jehoiada the priest. And the priest gave to the captains the spears and the shields that had belonged to King David, which were in the house of the LORD. And the guards stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, by the altar and by the house, around the king. And they brought out the king’s son and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony; and they made him king and anointed him; and they clapped their hands and cried, “Long live the king!” And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guards and of the people, she came to the people into the house of the LORD. And when she looked, behold, the king stood on the pillar, according to the custom; and the princes and the trumpets were by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and the trumpets sounded; then Athaliah tore her clothes and cried, “Treason! Treason!”
Then Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, the officers of the host, saying, “Bring her out between the ranks; and put to the sword whoever follows her. But do not kill her in the house of the LORD.” So they laid hands on her; and she came by the way of the horses’ entrance into the king’s house, and there she was put to death. And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people, that they should be the people of the LORD; and the king also should be established over the people. And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal, and broke it down; they tore down its altars and its images and thoroughly destroyed them. And Mattan the priest of Baal they killed before the altars. Then Jehoiada appointed the officers of the house of the LORD. And he took the captains of the hundreds, and the Kerethites, and the runners, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD; and they came by way of the gate of the runners into the king’s house, and the king sat upon the throne of the kings. And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet; and Athaliah they put to the sword in the king’s house.