Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt
2 Kings 23:31-35
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2 K.23.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- חמוטל: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ירמיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלבנה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 36:1-4 (verbal): Repeats the same accession formula: Jehoahaz (Shallum) as son of Josiah, his age, three‑month reign, and his mother Hamutal of Libnah — a near‑verbatim parallel to the 2 Kings notice.
- 2 Kings 23:30 (structural): Provides the immediate context for Jehoahaz's accession: Pharaoh Necho wounds Josiah at Megiddo and then sets Josiah’s son on the throne, explaining how Jehoahaz became king.
- 2 Kings 23:32 (structural): Follows directly after 23:31 and reports the Egyptian removal of Jehoahaz to Egypt and the installation/renaming of his brother (Eliakim/Jehoiakim), connecting to the brief three‑month reign noted in 23:31.
- 2 Chronicles 35:24 (thematic): Narrates Josiah’s death at Megiddo and notes that his son Jehoahaz succeeded him — thematically linked as part of the succession account that 2 Kings 23:31 summarizes.
- 1 Chronicles 3:15 (structural): Genealogical list that names the sons of Josiah (including Shallum/Jehoahaz), confirming his identity and placing the short reign recorded in 2 Kings 23:31 within the royal genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; he reigned three months in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
- Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
2 K.23.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
Parallels
- 1 Kgs 15:26 (verbal): Uses the same Deuteronomistic evaluative formula ('did evil in the sight of the LORD') to judge an Israelite king (Nadab), a close verbal parallel.
- 1 Kgs 14:22–24 (thematic): Judges Rehoboam/Judah with the same theme of kingship failure—'did evil in the sight of the LORD' and continuing the sinful ways of predecessors.
- 2 Kgs 21:2 (verbal): Manasseh is evaluated with similar language ('did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD'), showing the recurring Deuteronomistic judgment of Judah's kings.
- 2 Chr 33:2 (verbal): Chronicles' parallel account of Manasseh repeats the evaluative wording (evil in the sight of the LORD/abominations), reflecting the same tradition and theological assessment.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done.
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done.
2 K.23.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאסרהו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברבלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ממלך: VERB,qal,inf
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ענש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- ככר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וככר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 36:3–4 (verbal): Direct parallel in Chronicles recounting the same event: Pharaoh Necho binds Jehoahaz at Riblah in the land of Hamath and imposes a tribute of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
- 2 Kings 23:34 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode — Pharaoh installs Eliakim (renamed Jehoiakim) as king and enforces the levy on the land, showing the political consequence of Jehoahaz’s removal.
- 2 Kings 25:6–7 (allusion): Riblah recurs as the site where foreign sovereigns adjudicate and punish Judah’s kings (Zedekiah brought to Riblah by Nebuchadnezzar), linking the motif of royal captivity and judgment at Riblah.
- 2 Kings 24:12–13 (thematic): Parallel theme of royal deportation and transfer of Jerusalem’s treasures: Nebuchadnezzar carries Jehoiachin and plunders the house of the LORD, echoing the subjugation and extraction of wealth recorded in 23:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pharaoh Neco bound him at Riblah in the land of Hamath and deposed him from reigning in Jerusalem; and he laid on the land a fine—one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
- Pharaoh Neco bound him at Riblah in the land of Hamath and carried him off to Egypt; and he imposed a levy on the land—one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold.
2 K.23.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אליקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ויסב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יהויקים: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 36:4-5 (quotation): Retells the same event: Pharaoh Neco removes Shallum/Jehoahaz, appoints Eliakim and renames him Jehoiakim, and takes Jehoahaz to Egypt.
- Jeremiah 22:11-12 (allusion): Jeremiah condemns Shallum (Jehoahaz) and states he was carried off to Egypt and would die there, echoing the fate reported in 2 Kings.
- Jeremiah 36:24-26 (thematic): Describes later actions and judgment of Jehoiakim (the Eliakim renamed by Pharaoh), linking the man installed in 2 Kings with his subsequent hostility to Jeremiah and God's judgment.
- 1 Chronicles 3:15-16 (structural): Genealogical list of Josiah's sons (including Shallum/Jehoahaz and Eliakim/Jehoiakim), providing the family and succession background reflected in 2 Kings 23:34.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah, and he changed his name to Jehoiakim. But he took Jehoahaz and brought him to Egypt, and he died there.
- Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. He took Jehoahaz and brought him to Egypt, and he died there.
2 K.23.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והכסף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והזהב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהויקים: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לפרעה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אך: PART
- העריך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כערכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons+3ms
- נגש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לפרעה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2Kgs.23:34 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: verse 23:34 reports Pharaoh Neco making Jehoiakim his vassal and exacting tribute; 23:35 describes the assessment and collection of silver and gold to give to Pharaoh.
- 2Chr.36:3-4 (verbal): Parallel account in Chronicles describing Jehoiakim (Eliakim) becoming subject to Egypt and the burden/tribute exacted from the land to pay the Egyptian king.
- 2Kgs.24:1 (thematic): Later episode of foreign domination: Jehoiakim becomes a vassal—this time to Babylon—for three years and pays tribute before rebelling; thematically parallels the motif of Judah’s kings paying silver/gold to foreign powers.
- Jer.36:30 (allusion): Prophetic oracle against Jehoiakim the king: while not a direct report of tribute, it addresses the same ruler and connects his political actions and fate to prophetic judgment, providing a theological commentary on his reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; yet he assessed the land to raise the money at Pharaoh’s command. The levy collected the silver and the gold from the people of the land to give to Pharaoh Neco.
- Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; yet he assessed the land to supply the silver at Pharaoh's command—each man according to his valuation. The people of the land brought in the silver and the gold to give to Pharaoh Neco.
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
He did evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done.
Pharaoh Neco bound him at Riblah in the land of Hamath, and deposed him as king in Jerusalem; and he exacted from the land a levy of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. He took Jehoahaz and brought him to Egypt, and he died there.
Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh. Yet he assessed the land to raise the silver for Pharaoh — each man according to his assessment — and he exacted the silver and the gold from the people of the land to give to Pharaoh Neco.