Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition
John 8:42-47
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John.8.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Ει: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ηγαπατε: VERB,impf,act,ind,2,pl
- αν: PART
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- γαρ: PART
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εξηλθον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- ηκω·ουδε: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- γαρ: PART
- απ᾽εμαυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,1
- εληλυθα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- αλλ᾽εκεινος: DEM,nom,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 6:38 (verbal): Both verses stress Jesus’ origin and mission: Jesus declares he came from God/heaven and was sent by the Father, not acting on his own will.
- John 5:30 (verbal): Jesus emphasizes he does not act independently but seeks and does the will of the one who sent him—paralleling the ‘not of myself… he sent me’ motif.
- John 8:16 (verbal): Close verbal and thematic parallel in the same discourse: Jesus grounds his authority and judgment in the fact that he was sent by the Father ('I and the Father who sent me').
- 1 John 4:9-10 (thematic): Shows the theological rationale linking God’s sending of the Son with divine love—illuminating Jesus’ claim that loving him would follow from recognizing God as Father.
- Philippians 2:6-8 (thematic): Paul’s hymn presents Christ’s divine origin and his obedient lowering in mission—resonating with John’s emphasis that Jesus came from God and was sent, not acting on his own.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jesus said to them, "If God were your Father, you would love me; for I came forth and came from God. I did not come of my own accord, but he sent me."
- Jesus answered them, "If God were your Father, you would love me; for I came forth and have come from God. For I did not come of my own accord, but he sent me."
John.8.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δια: PREP
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- λαλιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εμην: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- γινωσκετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- δυνασθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
- ακουειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- εμον: PRON,nom,sg,1
Parallels
- John 8:47 (verbal): Closest parallel in the same discourse: Jesus says those 'of God' hear God's words; the opponents do not hear because they are not of God—echoing 'you cannot hear my word.'
- Isaiah 6:9-10 (quotation): The prophetic explanation for spiritual deafness/blindness—'they will hear but not understand'—is the Old Testament background underlying Jesus' statement about inability to hear.
- Matthew 13:14-15 (quotation): Jesus (via Matthew) cites Isaiah 6:9-10 to explain why people hear his teaching yet do not understand or repent, paralleling the theme of not being able to hear his word.
- Acts 28:26-27 (quotation): Paul quotes Isaiah 6:9-10 to describe hardened unbelief—'they will hear and not understand'—using the same prophetic rationale for people failing to receive God's message.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why do you not understand what I say? It is because you are not able to hear my word.
- This is why you cannot hear my words: you are not able to bear what I now say.
John.8.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- διαβολου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εστε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- επιθυμιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- θελετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ποιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ανθρωποκτονος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- απ᾽αρχης: PREP
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- αληθεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστηκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αληθεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- οταν: CONJ
- λαλη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ψευδος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ιδιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- λαλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ψευστης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 1 John 3:8 (verbal): Speaks of the devil's activity 'from the beginning' (here 'murderer from the beginning')—both texts mark the devil as the originator of sinful/evil action and oppose his works to Christ's mission.
- 1 John 3:12 (thematic): Contrasts the children of God with 'not like Cain' who murdered his brother—parallels John’s charge that the devil is a murderer and links evil fruit to a corrupt fatherhood.
- Genesis 3:1-5 (allusion): The serpent's deceptive speech in Eden (questioning God's word, speaking lies) undergirds Jesus’ label of the devil as the source/father of lies.
- Revelation 12:9 (allusion): Identifies the devil/ancient serpent as the deceiver of the whole world—echoes John’s emphasis on the devil’s deceitful, truth-opposing character.
- 2 Corinthians 11:3 (thematic): Paul’s fear that Eve was deceived 'as the serpent deceived' picks up the same motif of satanic deception that John summarizes in calling the devil the father of lies.
Alternative generated candidates
- You are of your father the Devil, and you carry out the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning and did not stand in the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie he speaks from his own nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies.
- You belong to your father the devil and you long to carry out your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning and does not hold to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies he speaks according to his nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies.
John.8.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- δε: CONJ
- οτι: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αληθειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ου: PART,neg
- πιστευετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
Parallels
- John 7:17-18 (verbal): Jesus contrasts speaking for himself with speaking for the Father, declaring that the true speaker (sent by God) is 'true'—a verbal parallel about truthfulness and the integrity of his words, which underlies the unbelief in 8:45.
- John 18:37 (thematic): Jesus says he was 'born... to bear witness to the truth' and that 'everyone who is of the truth hears my voice,' linking testimony to truth with the idea that those not of the truth will not believe or hear him.
- John 14:6 (verbal): Jesus' self-identification as 'the way, the truth, and the life' echoes the claim to speak truth in 8:45 and frames unbelief as a refusal of the truth embodied in him.
- 1 John 4:6 (thematic): Distinguishes 'spirit of truth' from 'spirit of falsehood' and links recognition/listening to truth with being 'from God,' paralleling John 8:45's connection between Jesus' truthful speech and the others' refusal to believe.
- John 8:43 (structural): Immediate context: Jesus explains their inability to accept his words—'you cannot bear to hear my word'—directly connects the claim 'because I tell the truth you do not believe me' to their inability or unwillingness to receive his message.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet because I speak the truth to you, you do not believe me.
- But because I speak the truth, you do not believe me — indeed, you hate me.
John.8.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- εξ: PREP
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ελεγχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- περι: PREP
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- αληθειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- δια: PREP
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- ου: PART,neg
- πιστευετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
Parallels
- John 8:16-18 (verbal): Jesus defends the truthfulness of his self-testimony: 'Even if I bear witness of myself, my witness is true,' reinforcing the claim in 8:46 that no one can convict him of sin and that he speaks truth.
- John 8:40 (verbal): Earlier in the same dialogue Jesus says he has 'told you the truth' even as they seek to kill him, paralleling the present challenge about who can convict him of sin.
- John 18:37-38 (allusion): Jesus tells Pilate he came 'to bear witness to the truth' and that 'everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice,' prompting Pilate's famous 'What is truth?'—a thematic echo of Jesus' claim to speak truth and others' refusal to believe.
- 1 Peter 2:22 (thematic): 'He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth' affirms Christ's sinlessness and integrity, supporting Jesus' rhetorical question about who can convict him of sin.
- 1 John 3:5 (thematic): 'He appeared to take away sins, and in him is no sin' similarly underscores Jesus' lack of sin and aligns with his denial that anyone can charge him with sin and the trustworthiness of his words.
Alternative generated candidates
- Which of you can convict me of sin? If I speak the truth, why do you not believe me?
- Which of you can charge me with sin? If I speak the truth, why do you not believe me?
John.8.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ρηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ακουει·δια: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ακουετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- 1 John 4:6 (verbal): Almost identical criterion: “We are from God; whoever knows God hears us; whoever is not from God does not hear us,” echoing the link between being ‘from God’ and hearing God’s words.
- John 10:26 (thematic): Jesus explains opponents’ unbelief by saying they are not his sheep (not part of God’s people), paralleling 8:47’s claim that not hearing indicates one is not of God.
- John 8:44 (verbal): Immediate Johannine parallel within the same dispute: opponents are called children of the devil, and Jesus connects their origin with their inability to hear—directly related to 8:47.
- Isaiah 6:9-10 (allusion): The prophetic motif that people hear yet neither understand nor turn (hearts/ears made dull) provides the Old Testament background for NT statements about spiritual inability to hear.
- Matthew 13:14 (quotation): Matthew cites Isaiah 6:9-10 about people hearing without understanding in order to explain why many do not grasp Jesus’ teaching—parallel in theme to 8:47’s link of hearing with spiritual belonging.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever is of God hears the words of God; therefore you do not hear them, because you are not of God.
- Whoever is of God hears the words of God; therefore you do not hear them, because you are not of God.
Jesus answered them, "If God were your Father, you would love me; for I have come forth and come from God. I did not come on my own, but he sent me."
Why do you not understand what I say? It is because you cannot hear my word.
You are of your father the Devil, and you choose to do your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning and does not stand in the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks according to his own nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies.
Because I speak the truth, you do not believe me.
Which of you convicts me of sin? If I tell the truth, why do you not believe me?
Whoever is from God hears the words of God. You do not hear them because you are not from God.