Final Greetings and Benediction
2 Corinthians 13:11-14
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Job
Psalm
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
Romans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
Hebrews
James
1 Peter
2 Peter
1 John
Jude
Revelation
2Cor.13.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Λοιπον: ADV
- αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- χαιρετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- καταρτιζεσθε: VERB,pres,mid/pass,imp,2,pl
- παρακαλεισθε: VERB,pres,mid/pass,imp,2,pl
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
- φρονειτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- ειρηνευετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αγαπης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ειρηνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- μεθ᾽υμων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Philippians 4:4-9 (verbal): Contains the same exhortation to rejoice and concludes with the identical phrase about God as the God of peace being with you (cf. 4:9), and includes parallel commands about right thinking and practice.
- Romans 15:33 (verbal): Ends with the exact benediction 'The God of peace be with you all,' echoing 2 Cor 13:11's 'the God of love and peace will be with you.'
- 1 Thessalonians 5:11 (verbal): Gives the direct charge to 'encourage one another and build one another up,' paralleling 2 Cor's command to exhort/encourage (παρακαλεισθε) and restore one another.
- Ephesians 4:2-3 (thematic): Exhorts believers to humility, patience, and 'eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace,' paralleling 2 Cor's calls to be of the same mind, be at peace, and preserve unity.
Alternative generated candidates
- Finally, brothers, rejoice. Strive to be restored; encourage one another; agree with one another; be of one mind; live in peace. And the God of love and peace will be with you.
- Finally, brothers, rejoice. Be restored; be encouraged; agree with one another; live in peace. And the God of love and the Lord Jesus Christ will be with you.
2Cor.13.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ασπασασθε: VERB,aor,mid,imp,2,pl
- αλληλους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- αγιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
- φιληματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ασπαζονται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αγιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Romans 16:16 (verbal): Uses the same closing exhortation, 'greet one another with a holy kiss' (virtually identical wording), showing a standard apostolic farewell formula.
- 1 Corinthians 16:20 (verbal): Close verbal and structural parallel: couples the instruction to greet with the holy kiss with a personal salutation from the brothers, similar closing of the letter.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:26 (verbal): Short, identical imperative phrasing—'greet one another with a holy kiss'—reflecting the liturgical/communal practice in early Christian correspondence.
- 1 Peter 5:14 (allusion): Peter echoes the same farewell motif ('greet one another with a holy kiss' / mutual greetings of the saints), indicating the widespread use of this concluding salutation in the early Church.
Alternative generated candidates
- Greet one another with a holy kiss.
- Greet one another with a holy kiss.
2Cor.13.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- χαρις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αγαπη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κοινωνια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αγιου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- μετα: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 1:3 (verbal): Paulic greeting: 'Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ'—similar formulaic blessing invoking grace from God and the Lord Jesus, paralleling the triadic blessing in 2 Cor 13:13.
- Philippians 4:23 (verbal): 'The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.' Shares the exact phrase 'the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ' and the benedictory closing formula.
- Matthew 28:19 (structural): The baptismal/trinitarian formula 'Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'—structurally related as an early Christian threefold reference to Father, Son, and Spirit underlying 2 Cor 13:13's triadic blessing.
- Romans 5:5 (thematic): 'God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit'—connects the themes of God's love and the work/communion of the Holy Spirit present in 2 Cor 13:13.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:16–17 (thematic): A benediction invoking 'our Lord Jesus Christ and God our Father' to comfort and establish—thematically parallels the pastoral blessing that invokes divine persons to effect spiritual fellowship and blessing.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the saints greet you.
- All the saints greet you.
Finally, brothers, rejoice. Strive for restoration, encourage one another, be of the same mind, live in peace; and the God of love and peace will be with you.
Greet one another with a holy kiss.
All the saints send you greetings.