David's Officials and Mighty Men
2 Samuel 8:15-18
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2 S.8.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chr.18:14 (verbal): Chronicles repeats Samuel's statement almost word for word: David reigned over all Israel and carried out judgment and righteousness for all his people.
- Ps.72:1-4 (thematic): A royal prayer for the king to 'judge the poor' and 'bring justice to the afflicted'—the ideal of kingly justice reflected in David's rule.
- Isa.11:4 (thematic): Prophetic picture of a Davidic ruler who 'shall judge with righteousness' and decide with equity for the meek, echoing the king's role of administering justice.
- Jer.23:5 (allusion): Promise of a 'righteous Branch' from David who will 'execute judgment and righteousness in the land,' explicitly linking Davidic kingship with just rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David reigned over all Israel; he administered justice and righteousness to all his people.
- And David reigned over all Israel; and David administered justice and righteousness to all his people.
2 S.8.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויואב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צרויה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהושפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחילוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזכיר: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 18:15 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplication of the same statement in the Chronicler's retelling: Joab son of Zeruiah over the army and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud as recorder.
- 2 Samuel 8:18 (thematic): Closely connected continuation in the same passage listing royal officials (Benaiah over the Cherethites and Pelethites; David's sons as chief ministers), showing the administrative/military organization of David's court.
- 2 Samuel 20:23 (verbal): Repeats Joab's role as commander of the army in a later narrative, reinforcing his long-term position as military leader under David.
- 1 Chronicles 27:34 (structural): Chronicles' broader administrative lists similarly situate Joab and other leaders within David's established military and governmental framework, echoing the organizational notice in 2 Samuel 8:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder.
- And Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder.
2 S.8.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצדוק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיטוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחימלך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביתר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סופר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 18:16 (verbal): A direct parallel: the same listing of Zadok, Ahimelech (son of Abiathar) and Seraiah as priest(s) and scribe appears verbatim in the Chronicles account.
- 2 Samuel 15:24 (verbal): Shows Zadok and Abiathar functioning as David's priests (bearing the ephod) — confirms their priestly roles during David's reign, paralleling their identification here.
- 1 Samuel 22:20–23 (allusion): Records Abiathar (son of Ahimelech) fleeing to David after Nob; relevant for the priestly succession and highlights the well-known name-pair (Ahimelech/Abiathar) whose genealogy/order varies between traditions.
- 1 Kings 2:35 (thematic): Reports Zadok's installation and continued role as priest under Solomon — a continuity theme linking Zadok's priesthood in David's administration to the next reign.
- 1 Kings 4:3 (thematic): Lists royal scribes (Elihoreph and Ahiah) in Solomon's administration; thematically parallels Seraiah's role as the king's scribe in David's court.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was the scribe.
- And Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; and Seraiah was the scribe.
2 S.8.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובניהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והכרתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והפלתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 18:17 (structural): Parallel retelling of David's officials: repeats that Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and Pelethites and mentions David's sons/administration.
- 2 Samuel 20:23 (structural): Lists the royal household officers again, placing Benaiah over the Cherethites and Pelethites alongside the priests—closely mirrors the officials named in 2 Samuel 8:18.
- 1 Kings 1:38 (verbal): In the narrative surrounding Solomon's accession Benaiah is identified with command of the Cherethites and Pelethites, echoing the same office-title found in 2 Samuel 8:18.
- 1 Chronicles 11:22 (thematic): Gives background on Benaiah (son of Jehoiada) as one of David's mighty men, thematically connected to his later role as commander of the elite Cherethite/Pelethite units.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were priests.
- And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief officials.
And David reigned over all Israel; and David administered justice and righteousness to all his people. And Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder. And Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; and Seraiah was the scribe. And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were his chief officers.