Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan
1 Chronicles 5:23-26
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1 C.5.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מבשן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושניר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- חרמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- רבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 32:39-40 (verbal): Describes the half-tribe of Manasseh taking and dwelling in towns of Bashan (Havoth Jair, Argob), closely paralleling the Chronicle’s note of Manasseh’s settlement and expansion in Bashan.
- Deuteronomy 3:13 (thematic): States that the remainder of Bashan was given to the Reubenites, Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh—background for Chronicles’ claim that Manasseh settled in Bashan to Mount Hermon.
- Joshua 13:29-31 (structural): Lists the territory in Bashan assigned to Manasseh (including Argob and towns of Jair), paralleling 1 Chronicles’ territorial description of Manasseh’s holdings in Bashan to Hermon.
- Numbers 21:33-35 (thematic): Records Israel’s defeat of Og king of Bashan and the conquest of his land, the event that makes Israel’s occupation of Bashan (as claimed in 1 Chronicles) possible.
- Joshua 17:1-6 (thematic): Describes the allotment and military role of the descendants of Manasseh (Makir), explaining how half the tribe came to possess territory east of the Jordan including parts of Bashan.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of the half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land, from Bashan as far as Baal-Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon; they were numerous.
- The sons of the half‑tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land — in Bashan, as far as Baal‑Hermon and Senir, even to Mount Hermon; they were numerous.
1 C.5.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ועפר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישעי: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- ואליאל: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- ועזריאל: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- וירמיה: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- והודויה: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- ויחדיאל: CONJ,PN,m,sg
- אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ראשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Numbers 26:15-18 (structural): Like 1 Chr 5:24 this passage gives a genealogical list of clan chiefs/families (here of Gad), functioning as a register of heads of fathers' houses.
- 1 Chronicles 12:8 (thematic): Describes men of Gad as 'mighty men' and 'men of valor' who joined David—echoing the portrait in 1 Chr 5:24 of brave, renowned warriors and heads of houses.
- Joshua 22:4-5 (thematic): Joshua's charge to the Reubenites, Gadites and half-tribe of Manasseh about returning to their lands under their leaders parallels the tribal leadership context and role of chiefs attested in 1 Chr 5:24.
- 1 Chronicles 27:16-22 (structural): Another administrative/tribal listing of leaders and chiefs in David's organization; parallels 1 Chr 5:24 in form and function as a record of tribal/headship.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these were the chiefs of their fathers' households: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel—mighty men of valor, men of renown, heads of their fathers' houses.
- And these were the heads of their fathers' houses: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel — mighty men of valor, men of renown, heads of their fathers' houses.
1 C.5.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימעלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- באלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- אבותיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,pl
- ויזנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- השמיד: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מפניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Judges 2:12 (thematic): Both describe Israel's apostasy — forsaking YHWH and ‘going whoring’ after the gods of the peoples/serving foreign deities (same pattern of unfaithfulness).
- 2 Kings 17:7-12 (verbal): Narrative summary of Israel's exile lists the same sin: they served other gods and followed the practices of the nations ‘which the LORD had cast out before’ them — language closely parallels 1 Chr 5:25.
- Psalm 106:35-37 (thematic): Retrospective psalm recounting Israel’s mingling with the nations and service of other gods (including idolatrous rites), echoing the charge that they ‘went after’ foreign gods and became guilty.
- Jeremiah 2:11-13 (thematic): Jeremiah condemns Israel for exchanging the LORD for worthless foreign gods and ‘changing their glory for what does not profit,’ thematically paralleling the complaint of whoring after the gods of the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- They acted treacherously toward the God of their fathers and prostituted themselves after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them.
- They dealt treacherously with the gods of their fathers and prostituted themselves after the gods of the peoples of the land, the gods which God had destroyed before them.
1 C.5.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויער: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אשור: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תלגת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלנסר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אשור: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויגלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לראובני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולגדי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולחצי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויביאם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לחלח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחבור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והרא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונהר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גוזן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- עד: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:29 (quotation): Near-identical narrative: Pul (Tiglath‑Pileser) carries away Reuben, Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh to Halah, Habor, Gozan and the cities of the Medes.
- 2 Kings 17:6 (verbal): Reports the deportation of Israel to Halah, Habor and the river of Gozan and the cities of the Medes—same place names and the Assyrian deportation motif.
- 2 Chronicles 28:20 (thematic): Describes Tiglath‑Pileser’s campaigns and removal of Israelite populations—parallel historical episode of Assyrian conquest and exile.
- Isaiah 10:5-6 (thematic): Presents Assyria as the instrument of God’s judgment sent against nations, offering theological rationale for Assyrian invasions and deportations like those in 1 Chronicles 5:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria and the spirit of Tiglath-Pilneser king of Assyria; he carried away the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them to Halah, to Habor, to Hara, and to the river Gozan—until this day.
- Then the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria and the spirit of Tiglath‑Pileser king of Assyria; and they carried Reuben, Gad, and the half‑tribe of Manasseh into exile, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river Gozan — to this day.
The sons of the half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land—from Bashan as far as Baal-Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon; they were numerous. And these were the heads of their ancestral houses: Opher, Yishai, Eliel, Azriel, Yirmeya, Hodaya, and Yachdiel—mighty warriors, men of renown, chiefs of their fathers' houses.
They were unfaithful to the God of their fathers and prostituted themselves after the gods of the peoples of the land—the very gods that God had destroyed before them. And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria and the spirit of Tiglath‑pileser king of Assyria, and he carried them away from Reuben, and Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river Gozan—until this day.