Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab
2 Kings 9:14-29
2 K.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתקשר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נמשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויורם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cnst
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- חזאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:1-10 (structural): Anointing of Jehu and commission to overthrow the house of Ahab — provides the initiating action and divine mandate that explains Jehu’s conspiracy against Joram.
- 2 Kings 9:17-20 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Jehu meets Joram at Ramoth‑Gilead and the confrontation ensues — direct fulfillment of the plot described in 9:14.
- 2 Kings 8:28-29 (thematic): Background on Joram’s reign and the pressures from Hazael king of Aram — explains why Joram and all Israel were stationed at Ramoth‑Gilead and fearful of Hazael.
- 1 Kings 22:29-34 (thematic): Earlier battle at Ramoth‑Gilead (Ahab’s campaign) — highlights Ramoth‑Gilead as a recurrent contested military site in Israel’s conflicts with Aram, providing context for Joram’s presence there.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram; and Joram was guarding Ramoth‑Gilead—he and all Israel—because of Hazael king of Aram.
- Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Jehoram. Now Jehoram was staying at Ramoth‑Gilead — he and all Israel — on account of Hazael king of Aram.
2 K.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להתרפא: VERB,hitp,inf
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- המכים: PART,qal,ptc,act,pl,m,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יכהו: VERB,qal,impr,3,m,sg
- ארמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בהלחמו: VERB,qal,ptcp,act,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חזאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אם: CONJ
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נפשכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- פליט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
- להגיד: INF,hiph
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:28-29 (verbal): Describes the same conflict with Hazael king of Aram and links Jezreel to the war in which Israel’s king (Jehoram/Ahab’s son) was involved — background for Jehoram’s wounds mentioned in 2 Kgs 9:15.
- 1 Kings 19:15-17 (allusion): God’s commission to anoint Hazael king of Aram (and Jehu king of Israel) foreshadows Hazael’s rise and the Aramean attacks that produce the wounds from which Jehoram is recovering.
- 2 Kings 9:24-26 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Jehu confronts and ultimately kills Jehoram at Jezreel — the consequence of the scene in 9:15 where Jehoram is recuperating from Hazael’s blows.
- 2 Chronicles 22:7-9 (thematic): Chronicles’ parallel account links Jehoram’s injuries and the political/military pressure from Aram (Hazael) with the events surrounding his presence in Jezreel and his subsequent death, echoing the account in 2 Kgs 9:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- King Joram had gone to Jezreel to be healed from the wounds the Arameans had given him when they fought Hazael king of Aram. Jehu said, 'If any of you are for the king, let him go out—flee from the city—and tell it in Jezreel.'
- And King Jehoram returned to be healed at Jezreel from the wounds that the Arameans had given him when they fought against Hazael king of Aram. And Jehu said, “If any of you have life in you, let him get out of the city and flee, and tell it in Jezreel.”
2 K.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יזרעאלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שכב: VERB,qal,inf
- שמה: ADV
- ואחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ירד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:8-9 (structural): Parallel narrative in Chronicles: Ahaziah of Judah goes down to visit Jehoram (Joram) at Jezreel and is present with him prior to his death—same event recounted from a parallel source.
- 2 Kings 9:6-13 (structural): Immediate antecedent in the same chapter: Jehu is secretly anointed and commissioned to strike down the house of Ahab, explaining why he rides to Jezreel where Joram lies.
- 2 Kings 9:20-26 (structural): Immediate continuation of the episode: Jehu arrives at Jezreel, confronts Joram, and the narrative reports the deaths of Joram and Ahaziah—directly linked to v.16.
- 1 Kings 22:29-37 (thematic): The account of the battle at Ramoth‑Gilead (Ahab wounded) provides background to the recurrent pattern of Israelite kings being wounded or absent from the capital and thus present at frontier sites like Jezreel; helps explain the political/military context for royal movements mentioned in 2 Kgs 9:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehu rode and went to Jezreel, for Joram was lying there; and Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram.
- So Jehu mounted and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram.
2 K.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- המגדל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שפעת: NOUN,f,sg,cst
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בבאו: PREP+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שפעת: NOUN,f,sg,cst
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושלח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לקראתם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- השלום: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:20 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same scene: the watchman reports the approaching company and Jehu's men run to meet him; the greeting/question about 'peace' is repeated in the narrative context.
- 2 Kings 10:9-11 (verbal): Jehu again uses the greeting 'Is it peace?' (or 'Is it well?') as a ruse to draw people out and then execute them—same formula of a deceptive peace-greeting followed by violence.
- Isaiah 21:6-9 (thematic): A watchman set on a tower who sees approaching horsemen and calls out warnings; parallels the watchman-on-the-tower motif and the reporting of an approaching armed company.
- Ezekiel 33:2-6 (thematic): The prophetic parable of the watchman on the tower whose duty is to see an approaching threat and warn the city—thematises the watchman's role in detecting and reporting impending danger as in Jezreel.
Alternative generated candidates
- The lookout stood on the tower at Jezreel and saw Jehu's company coming; he said, 'I see a company.' And Joram said, 'Take a chariot and send to meet them, and say, "Is it peace?"'
- The lookout stood on the tower in Jezreel and saw the company of Jehu coming, and he said, “I see a company.” And Joram said, “Take a chariot and send to meet them, and say, ‘Peace.’ ”
2 K.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסוס: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לקראתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השלום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ולשלום: CONJ
- סב: VERB,qal,perf,2,pl
- אל: NEG
- אחרי: PREP
- ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלאך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kgs 10:11 (verbal): Direct verbal and narrative parallel in the Jehu account—same greeting formula 'Is it peace?' and a hostile denial during Jehu's purge of Ahab's house.
- Jer 6:14 (thematic): Speaks of leaders saying 'Peace, peace' while judgment is imminent—parallels the hollow/greeting of peace in 2 Kgs 9 just before violent retribution.
- Isa 57:21 (thematic): 'There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked' echoes the rejoinder 'What peace?'—both assert that true peace is absent for the guilty.
- 1 Sam 25:6 (structural): A messenger/servant brings a greeting of 'peace' to an intended victim or target—structural parallel in the use of a chariot-driver/messenger to deliver a peace-salutation prior to a decisive encounter.
Alternative generated candidates
- A chariot went out to meet him, saying, 'Thus says the king, "Is it peace?"' But Jehu answered, 'What have you to do with peace? Turn behind me.' The lookout reported, 'The messenger came to them and has not returned.'
- A chariot with horses went to meet him and said, “Thus says the king, ‘Peace.’ ” And Jehu said, “What is that to you, peace? Turn aside after me.” And the lookout reported, “The messenger came to them, but he did not return.”
2 K.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ולשלום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סב: VERB,qal,perf,2,pl
- אל: NEG
- אחרי: PREP
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:22 (verbal): Jehu repeats the same rhetorical exchange when he meets King Joram: the question 'Is it peace?' is answered by Jehu with the same dismissive formula (rejecting peace because of Jezebel's sins), a direct verbal and narrative parallel to v.19.
- 2 Kings 10:10 (verbal): During Jehu's purge of Ahab's house the same 'Is it peace?' / 'What peace…?' pattern recurs; the formula is used again to refuse offers or appearances of peace immediately prior to violent judgment.
- Jeremiah 6:14 (thematic): Condemns false assurances of 'peace, peace' where there is no peace—thematising the contrast between proclaimed peace and imminent divine judgment, similar to Jehu's refusal to accept peace while sin remains.
- Isaiah 57:21 (thematic): 'There is no peace' for the wicked expresses the same theological principle that genuine peace cannot coexist with persistent sin and judgment, echoing Jehu's rejection of peace in the presence of Jezebel's transgressions.
Alternative generated candidates
- A second chariot went out to meet them; it came and said, 'Thus says the king, "Is it peace?"' And Jehu replied again, 'What have you to do with peace? Turn behind me.'
- Then another chariot came and said, “Thus says the king, ‘Peace.’ ” And Jehu answered, “What is that to you, peace? Turn aside after me.”
2 K.9.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והמנהג: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כמנהג: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נמשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- בשגעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ינהג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2Kgs.9.1-10 (structural): The prophetic anointing and commission of Jehu (son of Nimshi) to destroy Ahab’s house — provides the context and divine mandate that explains Jehu’s furious, driven behavior reported in v.20.
- 2Kgs.9.21 (verbal): Immediate narrative continuation that describes the reactions of those who see Jehu driving — echoes and elaborates the report that he ‘drives like one mad’.
- 2Kgs.9.30-37 (thematic): Jehu’s arrival at Jezreel and the violent death of Jezebel — the outcome toward which the furious driving reported in v.20 is directed.
- 2Kgs.10.11-14 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of the house of Ahab and the slaughter of Jezreel’s inhabitants — continuation and fulfillment of the violent zeal introduced by his mad driving in ch.9.
Alternative generated candidates
- The lookout reported, 'He has come to them and has not returned.' For the manner of Jehu son of Nimshi was to drive like one possessed.
- The lookout reported again, “He came to them but did not return.” And he said, “The driving is like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi; for he drives like a man possessed.”
2 K.9.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אסר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- ויאסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- רכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברכבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לקראת: PREP
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- וימצאהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בחלקת: PREP
- נבות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היזרעאלי: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 21:1-4 (thematic): Introduces Naboth's vineyard and Ahab's desire to acquire it—background for the scene at Jezreel where Jehoram and Ahaziah meet Jehu.
- 1 Kings 21:19 (quotation): Elijah's prophecy that dogs will lick Naboth's blood and that Ahab's house will be cut off; 2 Kgs 9:21/ff. are the narrative fulfillment of this judgment at Naboth's field.
- 2 Kings 9:7-10 (structural): Jehu's anointing and commission to strike down the house of Ahab explains his subsequent encounter with the kings at Jezreel and the violence that follows.
- 2 Kings 9:24-26 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: the meeting at Naboth's vineyard leads directly to Jehu shooting Joram and the treatment of Joram's body—continuation of the same scene.
- 2 Kings 9:30-37 (allusion): Jezebel's death at Jezreel and the fulfillment of earlier prophecies link back to the crime over Naboth's vineyard and show the complete downfall of Ahab's house in the same locality.
Alternative generated candidates
- Joram said, 'Seize him!' So they seized his chariot. Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah, each in his chariot, went out to meet Jehu, and they found him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite.
- Then Joram said, “Seize him!” So they seized his chariot. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah each went out in his chariot to meet Jehu, and they found him in the plot of Naboth the Jezreelite.
2 K.9.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כראות: VERB,qal,inf_abs
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- השלום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- השלום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- זנוני: NOUN,m,pl,const
- איזבל: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- אמך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- וכשפיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3fs
- הרבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 21:21-24 (thematic): Elijah's prophecy against Ahab and Jezebel—pronounces judgment on Jezebel and predicts disgrace (dogs eating her), providing the prophetic background for Jehu's charge against Jezebel's 'whoredom.'
- 2 Kings 9:30-37 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation and fulfillment: Jezebel's exposure and death follow Jehu's confrontation and accusation, showing the outcome of the charge in 9:22.
- 1 Kings 16:31-33 (thematic): Account of Ahab's marriage to Jezebel and the introduction of Baal worship in Israel—gives context for Jehu's denunciation of Jezebel's corrupting influence and 'whoredom.'
- Revelation 2:20 (allusion): The Johannine church-letter accuses a woman called 'Jezebel' of leading believers into sexual immorality and idolatry—uses Jezebel as a symbol echoing the OT motif of Jezebel's spiritual 'whoredom' and corrupting role.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Joram saw Jehu he said, 'Is it peace, Jehu?' He answered, 'What peace, as long as the harlotries of Jezebel your mother and all her witchcrafts remain?'
- When Joram saw Jehu he said, “Is it peace, Jehu?” And he answered, “What peace, so long as the whorings of your mother Jezebel and all her witchcrafts are so many?”
2 K.9.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
- וינס: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:24 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: Ahaziah and Joram flee and are pursued—direct narrative parallel and consequence of the action in 9:23.
- 2 Kings 9:21-22 (verbal): Earlier lines in the same scene where Jehu strikes Joram—provides the causal background (the attack) for Joram’s turning and flight in 9:23.
- 2 Chronicles 22:9-12 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel retelling of Ahaziah’s wounding, flight and death at Jehu’s hands—an independent account of the same events recorded in Kings.
- 1 Kings 22:35-36 (thematic): Ahab is mortally wounded in battle and gives orders about his chariot/transport—parallels the motif of an Israelite king giving chariot-related commands while dying or fleeing.
- 1 Samuel 31:4-6 (thematic): Saul’s final moments after defeat—another instance of a king struck down in the field with attendant attempts at escape or avoidance and the collapse of royal power.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Joram turned his hands and fled; he said to Ahaziah, 'Treachery, Ahaziah!'
- Then Joram thrust out his hand and drew back; and he said to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”
2 K.9.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בקשת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בין: PREP
- זרעיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- החצי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3,m,sg
- ויכרע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ברכבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- 1 Kings 22:34 (verbal): A king is struck by an arrow 'between the scale and the breastplate' and wounded while in his chariot—language and situation closely parallel Jehu's striking of Jehoram.
- 2 Chronicles 18:33 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the account of the king struck in his chariot (parallel to 1 Kings 22:34), providing a direct narrative analogue to the imagery of a ruler pierced while riding.
- 2 Kings 9:6-10 (structural): The anointing of Jehu and the prophetic commission to destroy the house of Ahab explains Jehu's violent action here; this passage supplies the immediate motive and divine mandate for killing Jehoram.
- 1 Kings 21:19-24 (thematic): Elijah's prophecy of judgment against Ahab's house (violent deaths and disgrace) is thematically fulfilled in Jehu's killing of Jehoram and the subsequent treatment of Ahab's family and possessions.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and struck Joram between the shoulders; the arrow pierced into his heart, and he slumped down in his chariot.
- Jehu drew a bow with his full hand and struck Joram between his bowels; the arrow went through his heart and his entrails gushed out, and he fell in his chariot.
2 K.9.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- בדקר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- שא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- השלכהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
- בחלקת: PREP
- שדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היזרעאלי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- רכבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- צמדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המשא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:10 (quotation): Contains the prophet's words to Jehu that 'dogs shall eat Jezebel at the wall of Jezreel' — the prediction that is being recalled and enacted in 2 Kgs 9:25–37.
- 2 Kings 9:36–37 (structural): Narrates the actual fulfillment of the Jezebel prophecy (her body thrown down, dogs/field consumption), directly connected to the events and the judgment language of 2 Kgs 9:25.
- 1 Kings 21:19–23 (verbal): Elijah's oracle against Ahab and Jezebel (including the doom on Ahab's house and the dogs' treatment of Jezebel) — the earlier prophetic charge that Jehu's actions now realize; shared legal/accusatory language about the LORD laying a charge.
- Hosea 1:4–5 (allusion): Uses the name Jezreel and announces punishment for 'the blood of Jezreel' and judgment on Jehu's house — thematically links divine retribution associated with Jezreel and the cycle of violence reflected in 2 Kgs 9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehu said to Bidkar, 'Take him up and cast him into the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite, for I remember—you and I—how we rode among the chariot teams after Ahab his father, and the LORD has laid this charge upon him.'
- And he said to Bidkar, “Pick him up and cast him into the plot of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite; for remember how you and I rode after Ahab his father, and the LORD has laid this charge upon him.”
2 K.9.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- את: PRT,acc
- דמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- נבות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- דמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אמש: ADV
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושלמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- בחלקה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3fs-suf
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועתה: CONJ
- שא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- השלכהו: VERB,?,imp,2,?,sg+3ms-obj
- בחלקה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3fs-suf
- כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 21:19 (quotation): Elijah's prophecy pronouncing judgment for the blood of Naboth — the divine vow of retribution that 2 Kgs 9:26 invokes (vengeance for Naboth's blood).
- 1 Kings 21:20-24 (thematic): The earlier announcement that Ahab's house will be punished and that Jezebel/the house will suffer (dogs, loss of offspring) — same motif of divine vengeance for Naboth.
- 2 Kings 9:7-10 (structural): The anointing/commissioning of Jehu and the prophetic charge to destroy Ahab's house because of Naboth's blood — sets up and authorizes the actions carried out in 9:26.
- 2 Kings 9:30-33 (structural): The account of Jezebel's death and the disposal of her body in the plot of Naboth — a narrative fulfillment/parallel showing the execution of the pronouncement concerning Naboth's blood.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'For I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons,' says the LORD, 'and I have repaid you in this field, declares the LORD. Now therefore take him down and throw him into the field, as the word of the LORD commanded.'
- For the word of the LORD came thus: “Did I not see the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons?” declares the LORD; “I will repay you in this plot.” Now therefore, take and cast him into the plot, according to the word of the LORD.
2 K.9.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- וינס: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וירדף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- גם: ADV
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- הכהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המרכבה: DET+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- את: PRT,acc
- יבלעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וינס: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מגדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Chr.22.8-9 (quotation): Chronicles retells the same incident: Ahaziah (king of Judah) is struck by Jehu at the ascent of Gur near Ibleam, flees to Megiddo and dies — language and sequence closely parallel Kings.
- 2 Kgs.9.24-26 (verbal): Immediately preceding in the same chapter Jehu pursues and strikes Joram of Israel in his chariot at Jezreel; similar pursuit/killing language and the motif of striking a king in his chariot.
- 2 Kgs.9.30-33 (structural): Continuing scene in the Jehu narrative (Jezebel's death and the purge of Ahab's house) — places the killing of Ahaziah within Jehu's broader violent coup against the house of Ahab.
- 2 Kgs.23.29 (thematic): King Josiah later dies at Megiddo (battle site); thematic parallel of royal death at Megiddo and the site's recurring role as a scene of a king's end.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Ahaziah king of Judah saw it, he fled by the way of the garden‑house; but Jehu pursued him and said, 'Also strike him in the chariot on the ascent of Gur, by Ibleam.' He fled to Megiddo and died there.
- When Ahaziah king of Judah saw, he fled by the way of the garden house, and Jehu pursued him. They struck him at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam, and he fled to Megiddo and died there.
2 K.9.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירכבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ירושלמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- בקברתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chron.22.9-12 (quotation): Parallel account of the same episode: Ahaziah is wounded, dies, and his servants carry him to Jerusalem and bury him with his fathers in the City of David — language and facts closely align with 2 Kgs 9:28.
- 2 Kgs.1.17 (thematic): Earlier prophecy and report of Ahaziah’s death: Elijah/Elisha predict Ahaziah’s death after his fall and inquiry of Baal-zebub; thematically connected as the prophetic cause and narrative culmination to his burial.
- 2 Kgs.9.27 (structural): Immediate narrative precursor: describes Ahaziah being struck and fleeing to Megiddo where he is mortally wounded — leads directly to the statement that his servants carried him to Jerusalem and buried him (v.28).
- 2 Kgs.9.29 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up: continues the account of Jehu’s actions after the deaths of Joram and Ahaziah; situates the burial report within the larger narrative of Jehu’s purge.
Alternative generated candidates
- His servants took him in a chariot to Jerusalem and buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the City of David.
- His servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem and buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David.
2 K.9.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובשנת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליורם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- על: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:1 (structural): Parallel account of Ahaziah’s accession to the throne of Judah (gives his age, length of reign, and mother), functioning as the corresponding synchronizing notice found in Kings.
- 2 Chronicles 22:2 (thematic): Continues the Chronicles’ treatment of Ahaziah’s reign (his evil ways and Athaliah’s influence), providing thematic context for the Judahite king whose accession is dated in 2 Kgs 9:29.
- 1 Kings 22:51 (verbal): Mentions Jehoram (Joram) son of Ahab as king of Israel—the same Israelite monarch used as the chronological synchronism in 2 Kgs 9:29.
- 2 Kings 8:25 (structural): Another synchronizing formula in Kings linking the reigns of Israelite and Judahite kings (shows the same method of dating one kingdom’s accession by the other’s regnal year).
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahaziah began to reign over Judah in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab king of Israel.
- In the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah became king over Judah.
Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. Now Joram was at Ramoth‑Gilead—he and all Israel were fighting against Hazael king of Aram.
King Joram had returned to Jezreel to be healed from the wounds that the Arameans had inflicted on him in the fight with Hazael king of Aram. Jehu said, If any of you value your lives, let him get out of the city and flee to Jezreel to tell. So Jehu rode and went to Jezreel; for Joram was there, and Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram.
The watchman stood on the tower at Jezreel and saw Jehu's company as he came, and said, I see a company. Joram said, Send a horseman and let him meet them and ask, Is it peace.
A horseman rode to meet him and reported, Thus says the king, Is it peace. Jehu answered, What have you to do with peace? Turn behind me. The watchman told, The messenger came to them and did not return.
They sent a second horseman; he came to them and said, Thus says the king, Is it peace. Jehu answered, What have you to do with peace? Turn behind me.
The watchman reported, He came to them and did not return; and he added, This is the manner of Jehu son of Nimshi—he drives like a madman.
Joram said, Seize him. They seized his chariot. Then Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, to meet Jehu, and they met him in the plot of Naboth the Jezreelite.
When Joram saw Jehu he said, Is it peace, Jehu. Jehu answered, What peace, so long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her many witchcrafts remain.
Joram turned and fled, and cried to Ahaziah, Treachery, Ahaziah.
Jehu drew with his full strength his bow and shot Joram between the shoulders; the arrow went into his heart and the blood gushed out, and he collapsed in his chariot.
Jehu said to Bidkar, Take him up and cast him into the plot of Naboth the Jezreelite; for remember how we rode in the chariot after Ahab his father, and the LORD laid this charge upon him.
For I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons, declares the LORD; I will requite you in this plot, declares the LORD. Now therefore throw him into the plot, as the word of the LORD declared.
When Ahaziah king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden‑house. Jehu pursued him and said, Also strike him, at the ascent to Gur which is by Ibleam. His chariot fled; he fled to Megiddo and died there.
His servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem and buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the City of David.
In the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah began to reign over Judah.