Suffering and Hope in God's Steadfast Love

Lamentations 3:1-66

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of his wrath.

Lam.3.1 - Details

Original Text

אני הגבר ראה עני בשבט עברתו׃

Morphology

  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • הגבר: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
  • עני: ADJ,m,sg
  • בשבט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עברתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 53:3-4 (thematic): Both present a solitary figure who endures deep suffering—'a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief' resonates with Lamentations' 'I the man have seen affliction.'
  • Psalm 119:75 (verbal): Speaks of God afflicting the speaker ('in faithfulness you have afflicted me'), echoing Lamentations' language of affliction by the rod of the Lord's wrath.
  • Deuteronomy 8:5 (structural): Frames suffering as divine discipline ('as a man disciplines his son'), providing the covenantal background for describing affliction as the Lord's corrective rod.
  • Job 30:16-20 (thematic): Job's personal lament about intense suffering, divine neglect, and being stricken at God's hand parallels the first-person voice of anguish in Lamentations 3:1.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of his anger.
  • I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of his wrath.
2 He led me and caused me to walk in darkness and not in light.

Lam.3.2 - Details

Original Text

אותי נהג וילך חשך ולא־ אור׃

Morphology

  • אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
  • נהג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 50:10 (verbal): Uses the same language of 'walking in darkness' and 'having no light'—a close verbal and thematic parallel about trusting God amid darkness.
  • Psalm 88:6 (thematic): Speaks of being placed 'in darkness' and the depths by God or fate—a theme of divinely‑ordained suffering and gloom.
  • Psalm 143:3 (verbal): Describes being made to 'sit in darkness' like the dead; echoes Lamentations' motif of being led into darkness and afflicted.
  • Psalm 107:10 (thematic): Depicts those who 'sat in darkness and in the shadow of death'—the image of captivity and lack of light parallels Lamentations' portrayal of grim guidance into darkness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has driven me away and made me walk in darkness, not in light.
  • He drove me and caused me to walk in darkness, not in light.
3 Indeed he has turned his hand against me again and again all the day.

Lam.3.3 - Details

Original Text

אך בי ישב יהפך ידו כל־ היום׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהפך: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Lam.3.2 (structural): Immediate neighbor in the same poem describing divine action against the speaker—'he has driven me and made me walk in darkness'—complements 'he turns his hand against me all day.'
  • Lam.3.5 (structural): Another verse in the same unit portraying God's oppressive activity—'he has walled me about... he has made my chains heavy'—a continuation of the theme of persistent divine hostility.
  • Ps.88:16 (thematic): The psalmist laments God's overwhelming wrath and terror ('your wrath has gone over me'), echoing the sense of God continually opposing and afflicting the speaker.
  • Job 30:20 (thematic): Job's complaint that God does not answer and seems hostile ('I cry to you, and you do not answer me') parallels the experience of continuous divine opposition expressed in Lam. 3:3.
  • Ps.77:8 (thematic): The question whether God's steadfast love has ceased ('Has his steadfast love forever ceased?') reflects the same feeling of abandonment and ongoing divine displeasure found in Lamentations 3:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Indeed he has turned his hand against me continually, all the day.
  • Against me he sat and turned his hand against me all the day.
4 He has wasted my flesh and my skin; he has broken my bones.

Lam.3.4 - Details

Original Text

בלה בשרי ועורי שבר עצמותי׃

Morphology

  • בלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בשרי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • ועורי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1s
  • שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עצמותי: NOUN,f,pl,poss1

Parallels

  • Psalm 38:3-4 (verbal): Speaks of physical wasting and affliction—'there is no soundness in my flesh; my bones are wasted'—closely echoing Lamentations' language of flesh and broken bones as divine punishment.
  • Psalm 31:10 (thematic): Confesses life spent in sorrow and bones consumed/wasted, thematically paralleling the lament over bodily destruction in Lamentations 3:4.
  • Psalm 22:14 (verbal): Uses imagery of bodily dislocation—'all my bones are out of joint'—another vivid portrayal of bone distress that resonates with Lamentations' broken-bones motif.
  • Psalm 51:8 (verbal): Speaks of broken bones ('let the bones you have broken rejoice'), using broken-bone imagery in a penitential context related to divine judgment or restoration—parallels Lamentations' broken-bones metaphor.
  • Isaiah 1:6 (thematic): Describes comprehensive bodily ruin ('from the sole of the foot to the head there is no soundness'), thematically similar to Lamentations' depiction of corporeal devastation as a consequence of judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has made my flesh and my skin waste away; he has broken my bones.
  • He has made my flesh and skin waste away; he has broken my bones.
5 He has besieged me and encircled me; he has made me desolate; he has bent his bow and set me as a mark.

Lam.3.5 - Details

Original Text

בנה עלי ויקף ראש ותלאה׃

Morphology

  • בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ויקף: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותלאה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 22:12-18 (thematic): Imagery of being surrounded and beset by hostile forces—Psalmist describes enemies encircling him like beasts, similar to Lamentations’ language of being hemmed in and afflicted.
  • Job 19:8-9 (verbal): Job speaks of being fenced in and stripped of his honor—'he hath fenced up my way' and 'taken the crown from my head' echo Lamentations’ motif of enclosure and assault on the speaker’s head/honor.
  • Psalm 88:8-9 (thematic): A sense of abandonment and separation—'Thou hast removed friend and neighbour far from me' parallels Lamentations’ depiction of isolation and encirclement by misery.
  • Lamentations 3:52-53 (structural): Internal parallel within the same chapter: verses immediately describe enemies drawing near and afflicting the speaker, developing the same besiegement imagery found in 3:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has besieged me and surrounded my head; he has laid me waste and made me desolate.
  • He has built against me and encircled my head; he has laid me low and brought me to ruin.
6 He has set me in dark places like the dead of long ago.

Lam.3.6 - Details

Original Text

במחשכים הושיבני כמתי עולם׃

Morphology

  • במחשכים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הושיבני: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg,pr-1cs
  • כמתי: PREP+ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Lamentations 3:2 (verbal): Same stanza: the speaker says God has driven him and made him walk in darkness—an immediate verbal and thematic parallel within the chapter (darkness and divine action).
  • Job 10:21-22 (thematic): Job laments being consigned to ‘the land of darkness and deep shadow,’ echoing Lamentations’ image of being set in darkness and as one who is dead or long-departed.
  • Psalm 88:6-7 (thematic): The psalmist speaks of being laid in the lowest pit, ‘in darkness, in the deeps,’ a closely related image of exclusion, gloom, and nearness to death.
  • Psalm 31:12 (allusion): The speaker describes himself as ‘forgotten as a dead man’ (or like a broken vessel), paralleling Lamentations’ simile of being placed among the dead and treated as one long gone.
  • Isaiah 38:10 (thematic): Hezekiah’s expression of going to the gates of Sheol and the expectation of death parallels the emotion and theme of being set among the dead and removed from the living.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has set me in dark places like those long dead.
  • He has seated me in darkness like the dead of long ago.
7 He has hedged in my ways so that I cannot pass; he has made my paths crooked.

Lam.3.7 - Details

Original Text

גדר בעדי ולא אצא הכביד נחשתי׃

Morphology

  • גדר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעדי: PREP+1,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אצא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • הכביד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • נחשתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,common,sg

Parallels

  • Job 19:8 (verbal): Job 19:8 says God ‘has fenced up my way that I cannot pass,’ closely echoing Lamentations’ image of being walled in and unable to escape.
  • Psalm 88:8 (verbal): Psalm 88:8 (in many translations) uses the language of being ‘shut up’ and unable to come forth, paralleling the confinement motif of Lamentations 3:7.
  • Psalm 107:10–11 (thematic): These verses describe prisoners ‘sitting in darkness, bound in affliction and irons,’ thematically paralleling the imagery of heavy chains and captivity in Lamentations 3:7.
  • Proverbs 5:22 (thematic): Proverbs speaks of the wicked being ‘caught’ or ‘ensnared’ by their own iniquities—using cords/cordage imagery that echoes the idea of being bound by heavy chains in Lamentations 3:7.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has hedged me about so that I cannot go out; he has made my chain heavy.
  • He has hedged up my way so I cannot pass; he has made my paths crooked.
8 Though I cry and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.

Lam.3.8 - Details

Original Text

גם כי אזעק ואשוע שתם תפלתי׃

Morphology

  • גם: ADV
  • כי: CONJ
  • אזעק: VERB,qal,impf,1,-,sg
  • ואשוע: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
  • שתם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תפלתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss1s

Parallels

  • Psalm 77:1 (verbal): Both verses use the language of crying aloud to God and asserting that God does not answer — a near-verbal echo of an unanswered cry.
  • Job 30:20 (verbal): Job: “I cry to you, and you do not answer me” parallels Lamentations’ complaint that cries for help are met with a shut prayer.
  • Habakkuk 1:2 (verbal): Habakkuk’s complaint “How long, O LORD, must I cry for help, and you will not listen?” closely parallels the motif of crying out yet not being heard.
  • Psalm 22:2 (thematic): David’s lament that God seems far and does not help or hear his groaning resonates with Lamentations’ theme of urgent cries for help that go unanswered.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When I cry and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.
  • Even when I cry and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.
9 He has blocked my ways with hewn stone; he has made my paths crooked.

Lam.3.9 - Details

Original Text

גדר דרכי בגזית נתיבתי עוה׃

Morphology

  • גדר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
  • בגזית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נתיבתי: NOUN,m,sg,poss1
  • עוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 16:8 (verbal): Job 16:8 uses nearly identical imagery—“He hath fenced up my way that I cannot pass” (fenced/hedged in) and “set darkness in my paths,” closely matching Lamentations’ language of a blocked/hedged way.
  • Psalm 139:5 (verbal): Psalm 139:5: “You hem me in, behind and before” shares the same ‘hemming in/hedging’ verbal motif; both texts depict being enclosed by Divine agency (though Lamentations emphasizes it as affliction).
  • Isaiah 59:8 (verbal): Isaiah 59:8 speaks of crooked roads/paths (“their roads are crooked”), echoing Lamentations’ phrase about made or turned paths being crooked—shared vocabulary and the image of twisted ways.
  • Psalm 18:4–5 (thematic): Psalm 18:4–5 describes being encompassed by cords of death and floods—thematic parallel of being hemmed in or beset with no escape, comparable to Lamentations’ motif of obstructed paths.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has blocked my ways with hewn stones; he has made my paths crooked.
  • He has blocked my ways with hewn stone; he has made my paths crooked.
10 A bear lies in wait for me, a lion in hiding.

Lam.3.10 - Details

Original Text

דב ארב הוא לי ארי במסתרים׃

Morphology

  • דב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ארב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ארי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במסתרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 10:9 (verbal): Both verses portray a lion lying in ambush to seize the vulnerable; LXX/Hebrew wording echoes the image of a lion in a secret lair.
  • Jeremiah 12:8 (thematic): Jeremiah speaks of his heritage as 'a lion in the forest' that cries out against him — similar imagery of being preyed upon by a lion.
  • Hosea 13:7-8 (thematic): God is likened to a lion that will tear and then relent; parallels the motif of divine judgment cast in predatory (lion) terms.
  • 1 Samuel 17:34-36 (thematic): David recalls lions and bears that lay in wait for his sheep — echoes the pairing of bear/lion and the idea of ambushing predators.
  • Psalm 7:2 (verbal): The psalmist pleads to be saved from one who would 'tear' him like a lion — a comparable fear of being attacked by a lionic predator.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He is to me a bear lying in wait, a lion in secret places.
  • He is to me like a bear lying in wait, like a lion in secret.
11 He turns aside my ways and tears me to pieces; he makes me desolate.

Lam.3.11 - Details

Original Text

דרכי סורר ויפשחני שמני שמם׃

Morphology

  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
  • סורר: ADJ,m,sg
  • ויפשחני: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • שמני: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg,obj:1s
  • שמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp

Parallels

  • Job 16:13-14 (verbal): Job speaks of being broken, crushed, and overwhelmed by God’s assault (“he breaks me with breach upon breach”), echoing the image of being torn/pulled in pieces (יפשחני).
  • Psalm 119:67 (thematic): “Before I was afflicted I went astray” links the idea of wandering/turning aside (דרכי סורר) with subsequent affliction that leads to penitence—connection of waywardness and divine discipline.
  • Psalm 38:6-8 (thematic): The psalmist describes being bowed down, brought very low, and continually mournful because of suffering—paralleling the desolation and crushing portrayed in Lamentations 3:11.
  • Psalm 88:3-5 (thematic): A deep lament portraying life full of trouble and closeness to death, reflecting the same mood of abandonment and desolation present in Lamentations 3:11.
  • Lamentations 3:7 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same poem: verse 7 depicts the Lord blocking the speaker’s ways and surrounding him with bitterness and woe, closely repeating the theme of turned-aside ways and affliction found in 3:11.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has turned aside my ways and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate.
  • He has turned aside my ways and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate.
12 He has bent his bow and set me as a target for his arrows.

Lam.3.12 - Details

Original Text

דרך קשתו ויציבני כמטרא לחץ׃

Morphology

  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • קשתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • ויציבני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כמטרא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחץ: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 7:12-13 (verbal): Uses the same language of God bending and stringing his bow ready to strike—Lamentations casts the speaker as the object/target of that divine attack.
  • Psalm 11:2 (verbal): Imagery of bending the bow to shoot at the upright; parallels the motif of being aimed at by a drawn bow (though there the agents are wicked people rather than God).
  • Psalm 38:2 (verbal): The psalmist describes suffering as God's arrows sinking into him—personal affliction presented with the same arrow/weapon imagery as Lamentations 3:12.
  • Isaiah 49:2 (thematic): Speaks of being made a 'polished arrow' hidden in God’s quiver—related arrow‑and‑instrument imagery that frames a person as object or instrument within God’s purposeful action.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He bent his bow and set me as a target for the arrow.
  • He bent his bow and set me as a target for the arrow.
13 He has pierced my inward parts; he has poured out my gall upon the ground.

Lam.3.13 - Details

Original Text

הביא בכליותי בני אשפתו׃

Morphology

  • הביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • בכליותי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss,1,sg
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • אשפתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 73:21-22 (verbal): Uses the same idiom of inner organs/kidneys as the seat of feeling (‘my reins were in turmoil’), expressing inward anguish at God’s action—paralleling Lamentations’ language of suffering in the kidneys.
  • Psalm 22:14-15 (thematic): Imagery of the inner body dissolving and intense physical/spiritual distress (‘my heart is like wax… my tongue cleaveth to my jaws’), comparable to Lamentations’ vivid portrayal of inward torment from God’s punishment.
  • Psalm 38:4-10 (thematic): A penitential lament that links physical suffering and inner anguish to divine judgment; like Lam. 3:13 it frames personal bodily distress as a consequence of God’s dealings.
  • Jeremiah 20:14-18 (structural): Jeremiah’s bitter, personal curse of his birth and anguished lament parallels the confessional, autobiographical tone of Lamentations 3; both present intense inward suffering and resentment attributed to God’s hand.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He thrust into my inward parts the shafts of his quiver.
  • He drove the arrows of his quiver into my kidneys.
14 He has made me an object of scorn to all my people, their song all the day.

Lam.3.14 - Details

Original Text

הייתי שחק לכל־ עמי נגינתם כל־ היום׃

Morphology

  • הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • שחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לכל: PREP
  • עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
  • נגינתם: NOUN,f,sg,poss
  • כל: DET
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Psalm 22:6-8 (verbal): Speaker pictured as object of scorn: 'I am a worm... all who see me mock me; they make mouths'—close verbal and thematic echo of being a laughingstock and daily derision.
  • Psalm 44:13-14 (verbal): The community (or speaker) is made a byword and laughingstock among peoples—language and circumstance parallel Lamentations' image of mockery before the people.
  • Job 17:6 (verbal): Job laments becoming a byword and object of ridicule among people, echoing Lamentations' personal experience of public scorn.
  • Psalm 35:15 (thematic): Enemies gloat and mock the sufferer 'at my stumbling they rejoiced'—a thematic parallel of ongoing public derision and humiliation.
  • Psalm 69:7-10 (thematic): The psalmist speaks of being reproached, mocked and made a taunt all day; thematically aligns with Lamentations' complaint of constant derision.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made me the scorn of all my people; they laugh at me all the day.
  • I have become the laughter of all my people; they mock me all day.
15 He has filled me with bitterness; he has made me drink wormwood.

Lam.3.15 - Details

Original Text

השביעני במרורים הרוני לענה׃

Morphology

  • השביעני: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • במרורים: PREP,NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הרוני: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • לענה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 9:15 (verbal): Uses the same wormwood/gall imagery: God declares He will 'feed them with wormwood and give them water of gall,' closely echoing Lamentations' language of being filled with bitterness (לענה).
  • Deuteronomy 29:18 (verbal): Speaks of 'a root that beareth gall and wormwood' (gall/wormwood imagery), paralleling the motif of bitterness and poisonous sustenance found in Lamentations 3:15.
  • Psalm 69:21 (thematic): Describes suffering with bitter substances—'they gave me also gall for my meat, and in my thirst they gave me vinegar'—echoing the theme of being given bitter/drinking of bitterness present in Lamentations 3:15.
  • Job 7:11 (thematic): Job's expression of personal anguish—'I will complain in the bitterness of my soul'—parallels the intense personal bitterness and plaintive tone of Lamentations 3:15.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has filled me with bitterness; he has made me drink wormwood.
  • He has filled me with bitterness; he has sated me with wormwood.
16 He has broken my teeth with gravel; he has made me cower in the ashes.

Lam.3.16 - Details

Original Text

ויגרס בחצץ שני הכפישני באפר׃

Morphology

  • ויגרס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בחצץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
  • הכפישני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • באפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 30:19 (verbal): Speaks of being cast into the mire and becoming 'like dust and ashes'—same dust/ashes imagery of abasement and degradation found in Lam. 3:16.
  • Job 42:6 (verbal): 'I despise myself, and repent in dust and ashes'—uses the identical motif of dust/ashes to express humility and suffering.
  • Psalm 35:16 (verbal): Enemies 'gnashed upon me with their teeth'—parallels the grinding/gnashing imagery of Lam. 3:16 (he has ground/gritted me), emphasizing violent humiliation.
  • Isaiah 50:6 (thematic): Describes physical humiliation (struck, spat upon) and shame—thematic parallel to the degradation and public dishonor conveyed in Lam. 3:16.
  • Psalm 22:7 (thematic): Voices of mockery and derision ('all who see me mock me; they make mouths at me') echo Lamentations' theme of suffering and scorn in Lam. 3:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has broken my teeth with gravel; he covered me with ashes.
  • He has ground me to gravel and made me to eat ashes.
17 My soul is bereft of peace; I have forgotten what prosperity is.

Lam.3.17 - Details

Original Text

ותזנח משלום נפשי נשיתי טובה׃

Morphology

  • ותזנח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • משלום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • נשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • טובה: ADJ,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 42:11 (thematic): Both express inward despondency of the soul and loss of hope/peace (’Why are you cast down, O my soul?’ echoes Lamentations’ sense of a soul bereft of peace).
  • Psalm 88:14 (thematic): A cry of divine abandonment—’Why do you cast off my soul? Why do you hide your face?’—parallels Lamentations’ experience of being deprived of peace and favor.
  • Psalm 13:1 (verbal): ’How long, O Lord? Will you forget me forever?’ echoes the motif of divine forgetting found in Lamentations 3:17 ('you have forgotten peace').
  • Job 30:27-28 (thematic): Job’s lament over a failing heart and sense of being cast off parallels the despair and loss of inner well-being expressed in Lamentations 3:17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My soul is bereft of peace; I have forgotten prosperity.
  • My soul has been bereft of peace; I have forgotten what good is.
18 I said, 'My strength and my hope have perished from the LORD.'

Lam.3.18 - Details

Original Text

ואמר אבד נצחי ותוחלתי מיהוה׃

Morphology

  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אבד: VERB,qal,infabs
  • נצחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • ותוחלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • מיהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 17:15 (verbal): Job asks, “Where then is my hope? as for my hope, who will see it?” — a direct, verbal parallel to Lamentations’ declaration that hope has perished.
  • Job 7:6 (verbal): “My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and are spent without hope” — echoes the motif of life bereft of hope found in Lamentations 3:18.
  • Psalm 77:7-9 (thematic): The psalmist rhetorically asks whether the LORD’s steadfast love and promises have ceased forever, thematically paralleling the sense that hope from the Lord has failed.
  • Psalm 42:11 (42:5) (thematic): “Why are you cast down, O my soul? Hope in God…” — offers a contrasting but related treatment of despair and the question of hope in God, engaging the same theological theme.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So I said, “My strength is perished, and my hope from the LORD.”
  • And I said, "My endurance is perished, my hope from the LORD."
19 Remember my affliction and my wandering—the wormwood and the gall.

Lam.3.19 - Details

Original Text

זכר־ עניי ומרודי לענה וראש׃

Morphology

  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עניי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,1,sg
  • ומרודי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • לענה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 9:15 (verbal): Uses the same bitter imagery—God will feed the people 'wormwood' and give them 'water of gall'—closely echoing Lamentations' 'wormwood and gall.'
  • Deuteronomy 29:18 (verbal): Speaks of a root that bears 'gall and wormwood' (same pair of bitter images, order reversed), linking the language of bitter judgment and ruin.
  • Psalm 69:21 (verbal): Describes enemies giving the psalmist 'gall for my food' and 'vinegar to drink,' paralleling Lamentations' use of 'gall' as a symbol of bitter suffering.
  • Psalm 39:12 (thematic): The psalmist pleads, 'I am a stranger with thee, a sojourner,' and asks God to remember him—thematically resonant with Lamentations' appeal to 'remember my affliction and my wanderings.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember my affliction and my wandering, the wormwood and the gall.
  • Remember my affliction and my wandering—the wormwood and the gall.
20 I will recall and meditate—and my soul is bowed within me.

Lam.3.20 - Details

Original Text

זכור תזכור ותשוח עלי נפשי׃

Morphology

  • זכור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • תזכור: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ותשוח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs

Parallels

  • Psalm 42:6 (verbal): Both speak of the soul being downcast or disquieted within: Lamentations' 'my soul remembers and is bowed down within me' echoes Psalm 42:6's 'Why are you cast down, O my soul? and why are you disquieted within me?'. 
  • Psalm 88:14 (verbal): A close emotional parallel—Psalm 88:14 ('Lord, why hast thou cast off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me?') matches Lamentations' motif of a troubled, afflicted soul appealing in memory and despair.
  • Psalm 77:3–7 (thematic): Psalmist recalls past troubles and remembers God at night, experiencing disturbance of spirit ('I remembered God, and was troubled'); thematically parallels Lamentations' recollection coupled with inward distress.
  • Habakkuk 3:2 (verbal): Habakkuk's petition 'in wrath remember mercy' and the prophet's appeal to God to 'remember' resonates with Lamentations' repeated 'remember' (זכור תזכור), linking memory/appeal to God in a time of affliction.
  • Psalm 143:4 (thematic): Both describe an inwardly overwhelmed or bowed spirit—Psalm 143:4 ('my spirit is overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate') parallels Lamentations' depiction of a soul bowed down within.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My soul remembers, and is bowed down within me.
  • Remember—remember! My soul is bowed down within me.
21 This I will call to mind, therefore I will hope.

Lam.3.21 - Details

Original Text

זאת אשיב אל־ לבי על־ כן אוחיל׃

Morphology

  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • אשיב: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • אוחיל: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 42:5 (verbal): The psalmist addresses his own soul ('Why so downcast...') and ends with a resolve to hope in God—language and the verb for hoping parallel Lamentations’ 'I will hope.'
  • Psalm 43:5 (verbal): Repeats the same formula as Psalm 42:5—self-exhortation to hope and trust in God despite distress, closely echoing Lamentations 3:21’s inward resolve.
  • Psalm 71:14 (verbal): Contains a determined declaration of ongoing hope ('But I will hope continually'), echoing the steadfast, personal resolution found in Lamentations 3:21.
  • Psalm 119:81 (verbal): Expresses personal fainting followed by reliance on hope in God's word—parallels the movement from remembering or lament to a sustaining hope in Lamentations 3:21.
  • Habakkuk 3:18 (thematic): Although different vocabulary, Habakkuk’s resolve to rejoice/ trust in God despite calamity parallels Lamentations’ turn from despair to a determined hope in God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • This I recall to my mind, therefore I have hope.
  • But this I will call to mind, therefore I will hope.
22 The LORD's steadfast love does not cease; his mercies are not consumed.

Lam.3.22 - Details

Original Text

חסדי יהוה כי לא־ תמנו כי לא־ כלו רחמיו׃

Morphology

  • חסדי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תמנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • רחמיו: NOUN,m,pl,suff3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 136:1 (verbal): Refrains repeatedly with the formula 'for his steadfast love/enduring kindness endures forever,' echoing Lamentations' affirmation that the LORD's steadfast love never ceases.
  • Psalm 103:17 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD's steadfast love as enduring from everlasting to everlasting for God's people—same theme of unfailing divine mercy and covenantal lovingkindness.
  • Isaiah 54:10 (allusion): Promises that God's steadfast love will not depart and his covenantal compassion will remain despite calamity—parallels Lamentations' assertion that God's mercies do not fail.
  • Hebrews 13:5 (thematic): God's commitment 'I will never leave you nor forsake you' conveys the same assurance of God's unfailing presence and mercy found in Lamentations 3:22.
  • Romans 8:38-39 (thematic): Paul's declaration that nothing can separate us from the love of God in Christ echoes the Lamentations motif that God's lovingkindness and mercies persist and are not exhausted.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases; his mercies are not exhausted.
  • The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases; his compassions never fail.
23 They are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.

Lam.3.23 - Details

Original Text

חדשים לבקרים רבה אמונתך׃

Morphology

  • חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לבקרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • אמונתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Lam.3.22 (verbal): Immediate context: verse 22 states God’s steadfast love and mercies never cease, directly linked to verse 23’s declaration that his mercies are new every morning.
  • Lam.3.24 (structural): Continues the same stanza: after affirming renewed mercies, verse 24 expresses personal trust in the LORD as portion and grounds for hope—literary continuation of the theme of renewal.
  • Ps.90:14 (thematic): Prayer for God’s steadfast love in the morning — connects the motifs of morning renewal and divine faithful love found in Lamentations 3:23.
  • Ps.30:5 (thematic): “Weeping may tarry for the night, but joy comes with the morning” — echoes the theme of morning as the time of God’s restoration and renewal.
  • Deut.7:9 (thematic): Affirms God’s faithfulness and covenant-keeping character; parallels Lamentations’ emphasis on the LORD’s enduring faithfulness (אמונתך).

Alternative generated candidates

  • They are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.
  • They are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.
24 The LORD is my portion, says my soul; therefore I will hope in him.

Lam.3.24 - Details

Original Text

חלקי יהוה אמרה נפשי על־ כן אוחיל לו׃

Morphology

  • חלקי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • אוחיל: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 16:5 (verbal): Uses the same metaphor of God as one's 'portion'/'share' (inheritance), linking God as personal possession and safeguard.
  • Psalm 119:57 (verbal): Explicitly states 'The LORD is my portion,' paralleling the exact confession of Lamentations and framing devotion/trust in God.
  • Psalm 73:26 (verbal): Declares God as one's 'portion' and strength amid bodily failure—echoing the motif of finding hope in God despite suffering.
  • Psalm 42:11 (and Psalm 43:5) (thematic): The psalmist's self-address ('Why are you cast down, O my soul?') and injunction to 'hope in God' mirrors Lamentations' soul-speaking affirmation and resolve to hope.
  • Jeremiah 17:7 (thematic): Promises blessing for trusting in the LORD; thematically parallels Lamentations' decision to place hope and trust in God as one's portion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD is my portion, says my soul; therefore I will hope in him.
  • The LORD is my portion, says my soul; therefore I will hope in him.
25 Good is the LORD to the one who waits for him, to the soul that seeks him.

Lam.3.25 - Details

Original Text

טוב יהוה לקוו לנפש תדרשנו׃

Morphology

  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לקוו: VERB,qal,inf
  • לנפש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תדרשנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 27:14 (thematic): Both exhort patient waiting on the LORD; Lamentations affirms God is good to those who wait, echoing Psalm’s call to 'wait for the LORD.'
  • Isaiah 30:18 (thematic): Isaiah portrays the LORD as one who 'waits to be gracious,' linking divine goodness with God’s readiness to show mercy to those who wait—close theme to Lam. 3:25.
  • Psalm 34:8 (verbal): 'Taste and see that the LORD is good' parallels the explicit assertion of God's goodness in Lam. 3:25 and connects blessing with trusting/seeking God.
  • Jeremiah 29:13 (verbal): Jeremiah’s promise that those who seek the LORD will find him parallels Lamentations' address to the soul that seeks God, stressing seeking as the route to encounter God.
  • Deuteronomy 4:29 (allusion): The covenantal promise that if Israel seeks the LORD with all their heart they will find him echoes Lam. 3:25’s link between seeking and finding God's favor and goodness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD is good to those who wait for him, to the soul who seeks him.
  • Good is the LORD to those who wait for him, to the soul that seeks him.
26 It is good that one should quietly wait for salvation from the LORD.

Lam.3.26 - Details

Original Text

טוב ויחיל ודומם לתשועת יהוה׃

Morphology

  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • ויחיל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ודומם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • לתשועת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 62:1,5 (verbal): Both verses use quiet/being still (Heb. דומם) and explicitly link waiting in silence to God as the source of salvation: 'My soul waits in silence for God; from him comes my salvation.'
  • Psalm 130:5 (verbal): Expresses the same posture of waiting and hoping in the LORD: 'I wait for the LORD, my soul waits, and in his word I hope,' paralleling hope and silent waiting for God's salvation.
  • Psalm 27:14 (thematic): Calls for patient waiting on the LORD ('Wait for the LORD; be strong, and let your heart take courage'), echoing Lamentations' exhortation that it is good to wait for the LORD's salvation.
  • Isaiah 30:18 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD's character toward those who wait—He waits to be gracious and is a giver of salvation—resonating with the theme that waiting for the LORD brings deliverance.
  • Habakkuk 2:3 (thematic): Urges patience for the fulfillment of God's promised salvation ('If it seems slow, wait for it; it will surely come'), reflecting the same confident waiting in Lamentations 3:26.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It is good that one should quietly wait for the salvation of the LORD.
  • It is good that one should wait quietly for the salvation of the LORD.
27 It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth.

Lam.3.27 - Details

Original Text

טוב לגבר כי־ ישא על בנעוריו׃

Morphology

  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • לגבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • ישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • בנעוריו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 3:11-12 (verbal): Speaks of the value of divine discipline — 'do not despise the LORD’s discipline' — paralleling Lamentations’ claim that bearing a yoke (discipline) in youth is good.
  • Hebrews 12:5-11 (quotation): Applies the theme of filial chastening to believers (quotes Proverbs 3:11–12); frames suffering/discipline as beneficial training from a father, echoing Lam.3:27's positive view of youthful yoke-bearing.
  • Proverbs 13:24 (thematic): ‘Whoever spares the rod hates his son’ — emphasizes parental discipline in youth as necessary and ultimately good, resonating with the exhortation to accept the yoke in youth.
  • Proverbs 22:6 (thematic): ‘Train up a child in the way he should go’ — highlights early instruction/training that shapes later life, thematically linked to bearing discipline in youth for future benefit.
  • Psalm 119:71 (verbal): ‘It is good for me that I was afflicted’ — expresses the same theological insight that suffering or discipline produces good results (learning, formation), echoing Lam.3:27’s valuation of youthful yoke-bearing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It is good for a man to bear the yoke in his youth.
  • It is good for a person to bear the yoke in youth.
28 Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it upon him.

Lam.3.28 - Details

Original Text

ישב בדד וידם כי נטל עליו׃

Morphology

  • ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • נטל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 39:9 (verbal): “I am mute; I do not open my mouth, for it is you who have done it” — closely parallels the idea of keeping silent because God has imposed the suffering.
  • Psalm 37:7 (thematic): “Be still before the Lord and wait patiently for him” — a general instruction to sit quietly/keep silence before the LORD, echoing Lamentations’ counsel to sit silent under God’s judgment.
  • Lamentations 3:26 (structural): “It is good that one should wait quietly for the salvation of the LORD” — within the same poem, reinforces the theme of quiet waiting and submission to God found in 3:28.
  • Isaiah 30:15 (thematic): “In quietness and in trust shall be your strength” — associates quietness/quiet trust with appropriate posture before God in times of crisis or discipline.
  • Job 2:13 (thematic): “They sat with him on the ground...and none spoke a word to him” — the image of sitting in silence amid suffering parallels the Lamentations scene of solitary, silent submission to affliction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.
  • Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.
29 Let him put his mouth in the dust—perhaps there is still hope.

Lam.3.29 - Details

Original Text

יתן בעפר פיהו אולי יש תקוה׃

Morphology

  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • בעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פיהו: NOUN,m,sg,pr3ms
  • אולי: ADV
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • תקוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 2:8, 2:13 (verbal): Job sits among ashes and endures suffering in silence—an image of humiliation and quiet submission like putting the mouth to the dust.
  • Job 42:6 (verbal): Job's confession 'I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes' echoes the motif of dust as self-abasement and turning toward hope/repentance.
  • Psalm 119:25 (verbal): 'My soul clings to the dust; revive me' links the dust-imagery with the plea for revival or hope, paralleling 'perhaps there is hope' in Lamentations.
  • Isaiah 53:7 (thematic): The Suffering Servant who is oppressed and opens not his mouth parallels the theme of silent endurance and submissive suffering in Lamentations 3:28–29.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let him put his mouth in the dust—perhaps there is hope.
  • Let him put his mouth in the dust—perhaps there is hope.
30 Let him give his cheek to the one who strikes him; let him be filled with reproach.

Lam.3.30 - Details

Original Text

יתן למכהו לחי ישבע בחרפה׃

Morphology

  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • למכהו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בחרפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 50:6 (verbal): The Servant says, 'I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to those who plucked off the hair,' closely echoing the image of offering the cheek to the smiter—submission to abuse.
  • Matthew 5:39 (verbal): Jesus' instruction to 'turn the other cheek' resonates with the Lamentations motif of accepting an insult rather than retaliating.
  • 1 Peter 2:20-23 (thematic): Exhorts endurance of suffering and refraining from retaliation (citing Christ's example of not reviling when insulted), paralleling the counsel to accept reproach.
  • Hebrews 12:11 (thematic): Speaks of accepting painful discipline as beneficial; parallels Lamentations' link between suffering/reproach and hopeful outcome or instruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let him give his cheek to the one who strikes him; let him be filled with disgrace.
  • Let him give his cheek to the one who strikes him; let him be filled with reproach.
31 For the LORD will not cast off forever.

Lam.3.31 - Details

Original Text

כי לא יזנח לעולם אדני׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יזנח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 31:6 (verbal): God’s assurance not to abandon his people—“He will not fail you or forsake you”—parallels Lamentations’ claim that the Lord will not cast off forever.
  • Joshua 1:5 (verbal): God’s promise “I will not leave you or forsake you” echoes the same commitment underlying Lamentations 3:31.
  • Hebrews 13:5 (quotation): New Testament citation of the promise “I will never leave you nor forsake you,” echoing the OT assurance of God’s enduring presence found in Lamentations.
  • Psalm 94:14 (verbal): “For the LORD will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance” uses language very close to Lamentations 3:31, affirming God’s refusal to abandon his people.
  • Isaiah 54:10 (thematic): Though circumstances change, God’s steadfast compassion and covenantal commitment remain—Isaiah’s assurance that God’s love will not depart resonates thematically with Lamentations’ statement that the Lord will not cast off forever.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the LORD will not cast off forever.
  • For the LORD will not cast off forever.
32 For though he causes grief, he will have compassion according to the abundance of his steadfast love.

Lam.3.32 - Details

Original Text

כי אם־ הוגה ורחם כרב חסדיו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • הוגה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ורחם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חסדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 34:6 (verbal): Directly parallels the language and theology: the LORD is compassionate/merciful and abounding in steadfast love (chesed), linking divine compassion to God’s covenantal lovingkindness.
  • Psalm 103:8 (verbal): Uses the same characterizations of God—merciful, gracious, abounding in steadfast love—affirming that God’s compassion grounds mercy after judgment or suffering.
  • Lamentations 3:22 (structural): Within the same poetic unit, this verse affirms that the LORD’s steadfast love and mercies never cease, providing the basis for the claim that God’s compassion follows affliction.
  • Psalm 145:8 (thematic): Echoes the theme of God’s compassion and abundant steadfast love (slow to anger and abounding in chesed), reinforcing the confidence that God’s mercy responds to human distress.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For if he causes grief, he will have compassion according to the abundance of his steadfast love.
  • For though he causes grief, he will have compassion according to the abundance of his steadfast love.
33 For he does not afflict willingly or grieve the children of men.

Lam.3.33 - Details

Original Text

כי לא ענה מלבו ויגה בני־ איש׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3,m,sg
  • ויגה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 34:10 (verbal): Affirms that it is inconceivable for God to act wickedly or afflict unjustly—paralleling Lamentations’ claim that God does not afflict willingly.
  • Psalm 103:9 (thematic): Declares that God will not keep his anger forever, implying he does not take pleasure in prolonged affliction of people, echoing Lamentations’ idea that God does not willingly grieve mankind.
  • Ezekiel 18:23 (thematic): God says he takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked but desires their turning and life—closely related to the assertion that God does not afflict willingly.
  • Ezekiel 33:11 (thematic): Repeats the theme that the Lord has no pleasure in the death of the wicked but prefers repentance and life, paralleling Lamentations’ denial that God delights in afflicting people.
  • Jonah 4:2 (thematic): Jonah’s description of God as gracious, merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love underscores God’s reluctance to punish and resonates with the claim that he does not willingly grieve mankind.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For he does not afflict from his heart or grieve the children of men.
  • For he does not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.
34 To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth?

Lam.3.34 - Details

Original Text

לדכא תחת רגליו כל אסירי ארץ׃

Morphology

  • לדכא: VERB,qal,inf
  • תחת: PREP
  • רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
  • כל: DET
  • אסירי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Romans 16:20 (verbal): Paul echoes the image of God crushing an enemy under the feet of the faithful: 'The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet,' closely matching the LXX/Septuagint sense of crushing underfoot.
  • Psalm 110:5-6 (verbal): Describes the divine warrior executing judgment among the nations and subduing leaders across the land—language of crushing/defeating enemies parallels Lamentations' 'crush under his feet.'
  • Psalm 2:9 (thematic): Speaks of breaking rulers with a rod of iron and dashing them like a potter's vessel; related royal/meshing imagery of subjugation and violent defeat under divine authority.
  • Isaiah 14:25 (thematic): God declares he will 'tread' or 'trample' the oppressor in his land—a similar image of trampling/crushing enemies and removing their power from the earth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He does not crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth,
  • To crush underfoot all the prisoners of the earth,
35 To pervert a man's cause before the presence of the Most High?

Lam.3.35 - Details

Original Text

להטות משפט־ גבר נגד פני עליון׃

Morphology

  • להטות: VERB,hiph,inf
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • נגד: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • עליון: ADJ,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 16:19 (structural): Direct legal prohibition against perverting justice or showing partiality—parallels the complaint about turning aside a man's right before the Most High.
  • Proverbs 17:23 (verbal): Speaks of accepting a bribe to pervert justice ('a wicked man accepts a bribe behind the back to pervert ways of justice'), closely echoing the idea of turning aside a person's right.
  • Micah 3:11 (thematic): Denounces leaders who judge for a bribe and pervert justice—themewise similar condemnation of injustice before God.
  • Amos 5:12 (thematic): Condemns those who afflict the righteous and pervert justice (taking bribes, pushing aside the needy), echoing Lamentations' focus on injustice in God's sight.
  • Psalm 82:2–4 (thematic): Accuses those who 'judge unjustly' and calls for defending the weak and needy—parallels the concern that human rights/justice are being turned aside before the Most High.

Alternative generated candidates

  • nor does he turn aside the right of a man before the face of the Most High.
  • to pervert a man's right before the face of the Most High,
36 To deliver a man to the will of his adversary? Does not the LORD see?

Lam.3.36 - Details

Original Text

לעות אדם בריבו אדני לא ראה׃

Morphology

  • לעות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בריבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 23:6 (verbal): Explicit legal injunction against perverting the cause of the poor/defenseless — closely echoes Lamentations’ concern with injustice in litigation.
  • Deuteronomy 16:18-20 (verbal): Commands appointment of judges and warns not to pervert justice or show partiality; parallels the theme of rightful adjudication opposed by Lamentations.
  • Proverbs 17:15 (thematic): Condemns justification of the wicked and condemnation of the righteous — a moral-proverbial counterpart to the lament over perverted legal outcomes.
  • Isaiah 1:17 (thematic): Calls Israel to learn to do right, seek justice and defend the oppressed — links the prophetic demand for righteous judgment with the lament’s complaint about perversion of justice.
  • Amos 5:7 (thematic): Accuses Israel of turning justice into 'wormwood' (bitter injustice); closely related prophetic critique of corrupted legal and social order found in Lamentations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who is this that says, and it comes to pass, when the Lord has not commanded it?
  • does the LORD not see, or the Most High not regard, when a man contends with his neighbor?
37 Who has said that it shall be, if the LORD did not command it?

Lam.3.37 - Details

Original Text

מי זה אמר ותהי אדני לא צוה׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 16:33 (thematic): Asserts that chance outcomes (the casting of lots) are ultimately disposed by the LORD—paralleling Lamentations’ claim that events do not occur apart from God’s command.
  • Proverbs 19:21 (thematic): Affirms that human plans are subordinate to the counsel of the LORD, echoing the rhetorical point that nothing takes place unless the LORD has ordained it.
  • Isaiah 46:10 (thematic): Speaks of God declaring the end from the beginning and that His counsel shall stand—a broader statement of divine sovereignty closely related to the verse’s claim about events occurring only by God’s command.
  • Psalm 135:6 (verbal): States that God does whatever pleases Him in heaven and earth; a concise, verbal expression of the same theological conviction about God’s control over events.
  • Matthew 10:29 (thematic): Jesus’ remark that not a sparrow falls apart from the Father’s will is a New Testament parallel emphasizing that even small occurrences happen only by God’s will, reflecting the same concern as Lamentations 3:37.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and good proceed?
  • Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the LORD had commanded it?
38 From the mouth of the Most High do not both calamity and good proceed?

Lam.3.38 - Details

Original Text

מפי עליון לא תצא הרעות והטוב׃

Morphology

  • מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עליון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
  • הרעות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • והטוב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Isaiah 45:7 (verbal): God explicitly claims responsibility for both light/peace and darkness/evil (Heb. 'I make peace and create evil'), echoing Lamentations’ claim that both calamity and good proceed from the Most High.
  • Job 2:10 (verbal): Rhetorical moral parallel—Job asks, 'Shall we receive good from God, and shall we not receive evil?' The rhetorical pairing of 'good' and 'evil' from God closely mirrors Lamentations 3:38.
  • Job 1:21 (thematic): Job’s confession ('The LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away') reflects the theme that both blessing and calamity originate with God, as in Lamentations.
  • Amos 3:6 (thematic): Rhetorical question about calamity in a city—'Shall there be evil in a city, and the LORD hath not done it?'—parallels Lamentations’ assertion that disaster as well as good comes from the LORD.
  • Deuteronomy 32:39 (thematic): God’s declaration 'I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal' portrays divine sovereignty over life and death/blessing and harm, thematically consonant with Lamentations’ claim about good and evil proceeding from the Most High.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why should a living mortal complain, a man, because of his sins?
  • From the mouth of the Most High come forth both disaster and good.
39 Why should a living man complain, a man, about his sins?

Lam.3.39 - Details

Original Text

מה־ יתאונן אדם חי גבר על־ חטאיו׃

Morphology

  • מה: PRON,int
  • יתאונן: VERB,hit,impf,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • על: PREP
  • חטאיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Proverbs 3:11-12 (quotation): Admonishes not to despise the LORD's discipline—explicitly links divine reproof with loving correction, paralleling the rebuke of complaining about punishment for sin.
  • Hebrews 12:5-11 (allusion): Cites Proverbs' warning about God's discipline and urges endurance, treating hardship as fatherly chastening rather than grounds for complaint—echoes Lamentations' theme.
  • Psalm 119:71 (thematic): Declares that affliction is good because it leads to learning God's statutes, reflecting the idea that suffering for sin should not provoke complaint.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Warns against contending with the one who formed you—thematically related to the impropriety of complaining against God's corrective actions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let us search and examine our ways, and return to the LORD.
  • Why should a living man complain—a man about his sins?
40 Let us search and examine our ways, and return to the LORD.

Lam.3.40 - Details

Original Text

נחפשה דרכינו ונחקרה ונשובה עד־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • נחפשה: VERB,niphal,cohort,1,common,pl
  • דרכינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ונחקרה: VERB,niphal,cohort,1,common,pl
  • ונשובה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,_,pl
  • עד: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 30:2-3 (thematic): Calls for the people to return to the LORD after searching/repentance and promises restoration—similar theme of self-examination followed by turning back to God.
  • 2 Chronicles 7:14 (thematic): God’s instruction that the people humbly seek and turn from their wicked ways so God will heal them parallels the Lamenters’ call to examine ways and return to the LORD.
  • Joel 2:12-13 (quotation): A prophetic summons to ‘return to the LORD’ with contrition (‘turn to me with all your heart’) echoes the exhortation in Lamentations to examine one’s ways and return to God.
  • Hosea 14:1-2 (allusion): Explicit command ‘Return, O Israel, to the LORD’ and instruction to take words of repentance parallels the Lamentations appeal to self-examination and conversion.
  • Psalm 119:59 (verbal): ‘I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto thy testimonies’ uses similar language of examining one’s ways and turning to God’s statutes, echoing the Lamentations formula of self-examination and return.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let us lift up our heart with our hands to God in the heavens.
  • Let us search and examine our ways, and return to the LORD.
41 Let us lift up our hearts and hands to God in the heavens.

Lam.3.41 - Details

Original Text

נשא לבבנו אל־ כפים אל־ אל בשמים׃

Morphology

  • נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לבבנו: NOUN,m,sg,poss
  • אל: NEG
  • כפים: NOUN,f,du,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • אל: NEG
  • בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 134:2 (verbal): Explicitly commands lifting up hands in the sanctuary—same bodily gesture of raised hands in prayer as in Lamentations 3:41.
  • Psalm 141:2 (verbal): Prayer imagery links prayer to the ‘lifting up of my hands’ (cf. Lamentations’ lifting heart and hands to God), equating raised hands with prayer/offering.
  • Psalm 63:4 (thematic): The psalmist vows to bless God and lift up hands in devotion—parallel theme of turning heart and hands upward toward God in worship.
  • 1 Timothy 2:8 (thematic): Paul’s injunction that men pray ‘lifting up holy hands’ echoes the posture of prayer in Lamentations, showing continuity in early Jewish–Christian prayer practice.

Alternative generated candidates

  • We have transgressed and rebelled; you have not forgiven.
  • Let us lift up our heart with our hands to God in heaven.
42 We have transgressed and rebelled; you have not pardoned.

Lam.3.42 - Details

Original Text

נחנו פשענו ומרינו אתה לא סלחת׃

Morphology

  • נחנו: PRON,1,pl
  • פשענו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
  • ומרינו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1pl
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • סלחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Daniel 9:5 (verbal): Daniel's corporate confession—"we have sinned and done wrong"—uses the same language of communal sin and appeals to God after rebellion, paralleling Lamentations' admission that the people have sinned.
  • Nehemiah 1:6 (verbal): Nehemiah's prayer confesses Israel's great wickedness and disobedience—"we have acted very wickedly"—mirroring the admission of sin and need for God's mercy in Lam. 3:42.
  • Psalm 106:6 (verbal): "We have sinned, we have done wickedly" is an explicit communal confession in Psalm 106 that echoes the same formula of guilt and recognition of corporate sin found in Lamentations 3:42.
  • Isaiah 64:5-7 (thematic): Isaiah's lament stresses universal uncleanness, futile righteousness, and God's hiddenness in face of sin—thematically similar to Lam. 3:42's confession of sin and implication of unpardoned status.
  • Lamentations 5:7 (structural): An intra-book parallel: Lamentations 5:7 likewise confesses ancestral sin and present suffering—reinforcing the book's recurring theme that sin and its consequences (including perceived lack of forgiveness) underlie Jerusalem's plight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have covered yourself with wrath and pursued us; you have slain without pity.
  • We have transgressed and rebelled; you have not forgiven.
43 You have wrapped yourself in wrath and pursued us; you have slain and shown no mercy.

Lam.3.43 - Details

Original Text

סכתה באף ותרדפנו הרגת לא חמלת׃

Morphology

  • סכתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • באף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותרדפנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • הרגת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חמלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 63:9-10 (thematic): Speaks of God’s presence in their affliction but also of Israel’s rebellion leading God to turn against them — parallel theme of divine anger, pursuit, and withdrawal of compassion.
  • Deuteronomy 32:22 (verbal): Describes God’s anger as a consuming fire that brings death and disaster — similar imagery of God’s wrath pursuing and killing without pity.
  • Nahum 1:2-3 (thematic): Emphasizes the Lord as an avenging, wrathful God who pours out anger on his enemies — echoes the portrayal of relentless divine pursuit and judgment.
  • Ezekiel 7:8-9 (verbal): Announces imminent outpouring of God’s wrath and that strangers will desecrate the land — closely parallels the proclamation of God’s fierce anger and its deadly effects.
  • Psalm 78:49 (verbal): Speaks of God unleashing his burning anger and sending calamity to slay the people — a direct verbal parallel to being covered with anger and slain without mercy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have covered yourself with a cloud so that prayer cannot pass through.
  • You have wrapped yourself in anger and pursued us; you have slain and shown no mercy.
44 You have wrapped yourself in a cloud so that prayer cannot pass through.

Lam.3.44 - Details

Original Text

סכותה בענן לך מעבור תפלה׃

Morphology

  • סכותה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • מעבור: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • תפלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 13:1 (thematic): Both lament God’s hidden face and apparent absence: “How long, O LORD? will you forget me…? How long will you hide your face from me?”—echoing frustration that prayer seems not to reach God.
  • Isaiah 59:2 (thematic): Explicitly links sin and separation from God: ‘your iniquities have separated you from your God; your sins have hidden his face from you,’ paralleling the idea that God’s hiddenness prevents prayers.
  • Job 22:13 (verbal): Uses cloud imagery of divine hiddenness—‘thick clouds are a covering to him, that he sees not’—similar to Lamentations’ image of God covering himself with a cloud so prayer cannot pass.
  • Exodus 40:34-35 (structural): Describes the cloud covering the tent of meeting and the glory of the LORD filling the sanctuary; provides a structural/imagistic parallel (cloud as divine manifestation that can also obscure access to God).
  • Psalm 22:2 (thematic): An anguished complaint that God does not answer: ‘O my God, I cry by day, and you do not answer,’ resonating with Lamentations’ sense that prayer fails to reach God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have made us an object of scorn and refuse among the nations.
  • You have wrapped yourself in a cloud so that prayer cannot pass through.
45 You have made us a taunt and a byword among the nations.

Lam.3.45 - Details

Original Text

סחי ומאוס תשימנו בקרב העמים׃

Morphology

  • סחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומאוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תשימנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • בקרב: PREP
  • העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 28:37 (structural): Uses the same curse-formula — Israel will “become a proverb and a byword among all the peoples,” directly paralleling the Lament’s language of being a byword among the nations.
  • Psalm 79:4 (verbal): Lament-like complaint: “We have become a reproach to our neighbors, a scoffing and derision to those around us,” closely echoing the sense and wording of being scorned by surrounding peoples.
  • Psalm 44:13 (verbal): Speaks of being a taunt and byword among neighbors and nations; shares the verbal/theme of communal shame and derision before other peoples.
  • Ezekiel 36:20-21 (thematic): Describes exiles profaning God’s name so that the nations mock them — the theme of Israel’s exile producing scorn and derision among the nations parallels Lamentations’ complaint.
  • Jeremiah 24:9 (thematic): God threatens to make the people “a horror, a hissing, and a byword among all the nations,” using similar imagery of being a derision and object of scorn.

Alternative generated candidates

  • All our enemies have opened their mouths against us.
  • You have made us a byword among the nations, a taunt and a mockery among the peoples.
46 All our enemies open their mouths against us.

Lam.3.46 - Details

Original Text

פצו עלינו פיהם כל־ איבינו׃

Morphology

  • פצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • פיהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • איבינו: NOUN,m,pl,def+PRON,1,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:21 (verbal): Uses the same image of enemies opening their mouths against the speaker ('They opened their mouths against me'), a close verbal parallel in a laments/plea context.
  • Job 16:10 (verbal): Job describes his foes gaping/opening their mouths at him ('They have gaped upon me with their mouth'), echoing the hostile mouth-imagery of reproach and derision.
  • Psalm 22:7-8 (thematic): Speaks of mockery and mouths opened against the sufferer ('All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me'), thematically parallel in its depiction of public derision.
  • Jeremiah 20:10-11 (thematic): Jeremiah reports enemies whispering and conspiring against him—a related theme of hostile speech and attacks from surrounding foes.
  • Psalm 44:13-14 (thematic): Describes Israel as a reproach and byword among the nations—parallel in portraying enemies' scornful speech and derision against the community.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Fear and pit and snare have come upon us; by day and by night devastation.
  • All our enemies open their mouths wide against us.
47 Terror and dread have befallen us; ruin and destruction.

Lam.3.47 - Details

Original Text

פחד ופחת היה לנו השאת והשבר׃

Morphology

  • פחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ופחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • השאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • והשבר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Job 3:25 (verbal): ‘For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me’ — direct verbal/semantic parallel: the feared calamity has come upon the speaker, echoing Lamentations’ ‘fear... has come upon us.’
  • Psalm 55:5 (verbal): ‘Fear and trembling are come upon me’ (MT/Ps. 55:5) — similar phrasing (fear/trembling) and the experience of overwhelming terror that parallels Lamentations’ language.
  • Zephaniah 1:15 (thematic): ‘A day of wrath... a day of distress and anguish, a day of ruin and devastation’ — prophetic description of sudden terror and destruction thematically close to Lamentations’ ‘fear…and ruin.’
  • Isaiah 24:19-20 (structural): ‘The earth is utterly broken... the earth shall reel to and fro’ — cosmic language of shaking, breaking and desolation parallels the widespread ruin and dread expressed in Lamentations 3:47.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My eyes flow with rivers of tears for the destruction of the daughter of my people.
  • Terror and dread have befallen us; ruin and desolation.
48 My eyes flow with rivers of tears for the destruction of the daughter of my people.

Lam.3.48 - Details

Original Text

פלגי־ מים תרד עיני על־ שבר בת־ עמי׃

Morphology

  • פלגי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
  • עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
  • על: PREP
  • שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 9:1 (verbal): Closely parallels the imagery of abundant tears for 'the daughter of my people' ('Oh that my eyes were a fountain of tears... for the slain of the daughter of my people').
  • Lamentations 2:11 (verbal): Same book and context: expresses overflowing tears and poured-out heart 'because of the destruction of the daughter of my people,' echoing Lamentations 3:48.
  • Lamentations 1:16 (thematic): Earlier lament in the same collection: the speaker's eyes pour out tears over the calamity that has befallen the people—same motif of weeping for Jerusalem.
  • Psalm 137:1 (thematic): Evokes mourning for Zion by water imagery ('By the rivers of Babylon... there we wept when we remembered Zion'), thematically similar to tears flowing for the people.
  • Psalm 42:3 (thematic): Speaks of continual weeping ('My tears have been my food day and night'), resonating with the persistent streams of tears in Lamentations 3:48.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My eyes run down and do not cease, without pause,
  • My eyes flow with streams of water because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.
49 My eyes pour out without ceasing, without respite,

Lam.3.49 - Details

Original Text

עיני נגרה ולא תדמה מאין הפגות׃

Morphology

  • עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
  • נגרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • תדמה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • מאין: ADV,interrog
  • הפגות: NOUN,f,pl,def

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 9:1 (verbal): Jeremiah (author of Lamentations) uses very similar imagery — 'Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears' — expressing continuous weeping for the slain of the people, closely echoing Lamentations' unceasing tears.
  • Lamentations 2:11 (structural): Within the same book the speaker laments failing eyes and overflowing tears ('Mine eyes do fail with tears'), a direct thematic and emotional parallel that develops the motif of persistent weeping.
  • Psalm 42:3 (thematic): The psalmist says 'My tears have been my food day and night,' portraying sustained, day‑and‑night weeping like the unremitting flow of tears in Lamentations 3:49.
  • Psalm 6:6-7 (thematic): These verses describe lying in bed drenched with tears and groaning night after night, echoing the image of ceaseless tears and ongoing sorrow found in Lamentations 3:49.
  • Psalm 56:8 (thematic): The synoptic image of God collecting or recording tears ('put thou my tears into thy bottle') relates to the motif of abundant, notable tears in Lamentations and the consciousness that God sees and numbers them.

Alternative generated candidates

  • until the LORD looks down from heaven and sees.
  • My eye pours out and will not cease, without respite,
50 Until the LORD looks down from heaven and beholds.

Lam.3.50 - Details

Original Text

עד־ ישקיף וירא יהוה משמים׃

Morphology

  • עד: PREP
  • ישקיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • משמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 33:13 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: 'The LORD looks from heaven; he sees all the children of man,' closely echoing 'until he looks and sees from heaven.'
  • Psalm 14:2 (verbal): Echoes the same motif—'The LORD looks down from heaven on the children of man, to see if there are any who understand'—paralleling the image of God looking from heaven.
  • Psalm 11:4 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD's throne in heaven and that 'his eyes see'—a closely related expression of divine observation from heaven.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): Declares that 'the eyes of the LORD are in every place, keeping watch'—thematic parallel emphasizing God's ever‑watchful gaze over humanity.
  • 2 Chronicles 16:9 (thematic): Portrays the LORD's eyes as 'running to and fro throughout the whole earth' to act—similar imagery of God surveying the world from above.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My eyes waste away from grief; they grow old because of all the daughters of my city.
  • until the LORD looks down and sees from heaven.
51 My eyes stream for the daughters of my city—they look for help, but none is there.

Lam.3.51 - Details

Original Text

עיני עוללה לנפשי מכל בנות עירי׃

Morphology

  • עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
  • עוללה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לנפשי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg+PRON,1,sg
  • מכל: PREP
  • בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עירי: NOUN,f,sg,suff,1,sg

Parallels

  • Lam.3.48 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same poem: the speaker’s eyes flow with rivers of tears over the destruction of the daughter of his people, expanding the same lament and cause for grief.
  • Lam.1.16 (verbal): Uses similar wording of eyes running with tears and expresses personal weeping over the city’s suffering—shared imagery and lamentation over Jerusalem.
  • Jer.9.1 (thematic): Jeremiah longs that his eyes might be a fountain of tears to mourn day and night—same prophetic motif of abundant weeping for the people’s calamity.
  • Ps.6.7 (verbal): ‘My eye wastes away because of affliction’ echoes the physical wasting and tearful distress described in Lamentations 3:51—parallel language for grief’s bodily effect.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My enemies chased me as a bird without cause.
  • My eye has spent itself with weeping for the daughters of my city.
52 They chased me sore like birds without cause.

Lam.3.52 - Details

Original Text

צוד צדוני כצפור איבי חנם׃

Morphology

  • צוד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • צדוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl+1cs
  • כצפור: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • איבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=1s
  • חנם: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:19 (verbal): Shares the language of unjust hatred ('hate me without a cause' / 'איבי חנם'); both portray enemies who persecute the speaker without reason.
  • Psalm 69:4 (verbal): Complains that people 'hate me without a cause' and recounts hostile persecution—verbal and thematic overlap with Lamentations' charge of groundless enmity.
  • John 15:25 (quotation): Jesus cites the OT motif 'they hated me without a cause' to explain hostile, baseless hatred; a direct New Testament citation/allusion to the prophetic lament tradition.
  • Psalm 102:6 (thematic): Employs bird imagery for desolation ('I am like a pelican of the wilderness'), echoing Lamentations' image of being hunted like a bird to convey vulnerability and exile.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They dug a pit for my life and cast stones upon me.
  • They pursued me without cause—my enemies hunted me like a bird.
53 They have dug a pit for my life; they have cast stones on me.

Lam.3.53 - Details

Original Text

צמתו בבור חיי וידו־ אבן בי׃

Morphology

  • צמתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בבור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • וידו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אבן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 37:12 (verbal): Uses the same image of the wicked gnashing with their teeth against the righteous—parallel language for hostile enemies.
  • Psalm 7:15 (thematic): Speaks of digging a pit for another (and falling into it), echoing Lamentations’ motif of enemies digging a pit for the speaker’s life.
  • Genesis 37:24 (thematic): Joseph is thrown into a pit by his brothers—an ancient narrative parallel for betrayal and enemy entrapment using the pit image.
  • Proverbs 26:27 (allusion): Speaks of one who digs a pit falling into it; relates to the motif of pits as means of malicious intent and divine/poetic reversal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Waters flowed over my head; I said, “I am cut off.”
  • They dug a pit for my life and cast a stone upon me.
54 Waters flowed over my head; I said, 'I am cut off.'

Lam.3.54 - Details

Original Text

צפו־ מים על־ ראשי אמרתי נגזרתי׃

Morphology

  • צפו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • נגזרתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Jonah 2:3-5 (verbal): Jonah uses the same imagery of waters/floods going over his head and surrounding him (’the floods compassed me about… the weeds were wrapped about my head’), closely paralleling Lamentations’ ‘waters over my head.’
  • Psalm 42:7 (verbal): Speaks of ‘deep calling to deep’ and ‘all thy waves and thy billows are gone over me,’ employing the same overflowing/wave imagery of being overwhelmed by waters.
  • Psalm 69:1-2 (thematic): Describes being overwhelmed by deep waters and floods that overflow the speaker (‘I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me’), thematically paralleling the sense of drowning/despair in Lamentations.
  • Psalm 18:4 (Heb. 18:5) (thematic): Uses flood imagery to describe being encompassed by danger (‘the floods of ungodly men made me afraid’), echoing the motif of being surrounded and overwhelmed by waters in Lam. 3:54.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I called upon your name, O LORD, from the depths of the pit.
  • Waters flowed over my head; I said, "I am cut off."
55 I called on your name, O LORD, from the depths of the pit.

Lam.3.55 - Details

Original Text

קראתי שמך יהוה מבור תחתיות׃

Morphology

  • קראתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מבור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תחתיות: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Jonah 2:2 (verbal): Jonah pleads ‘I cried out of my distress/to the Lord’ — uses language of calling God from the depths (ממצולותי), echoing ‘from the low pit.’
  • Psalm 130:1 (verbal): ‘Out of the depths I cry to you, O LORD’ (ממעמקים קראתיך יהוה) — closely parallels the imagery and the act of calling God from the depths.
  • Psalm 116:4 (verbal): ‘Then I called on the name of the LORD: “O LORD, I beg you, save my life.”’ — shares the formula ‘I called [on] the name of the LORD’ (קראתי שמך יהוה).
  • Psalm 18:6 (or 22:2 LXX numbering) (thematic): ‘In my distress I called upon the LORD…he heard my voice out of his temple’ — thematically parallels crying to God in dire peril and expecting divine response.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You heard my voice; do not hide your ear from my sighing and my cry.
  • I called on your name, O LORD, from the depths of the pit.
56 You heard my voice; do not hide your ear from my cry for help.

Lam.3.56 - Details

Original Text

קולי שמעת אל־ תעלם אזנך לרוחתי לשועתי׃

Morphology

  • קולי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1
  • שמעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תעלם: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
  • אזנך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • לרוחתי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,1,abs
  • לשועתי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,1,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:6 (verbal): ‘In my distress I called upon the LORD... he heard my voice’ — directly parallels the petition that God has heard the speaker’s voice and be not deaf to his cry.
  • Psalm 116:1-2 (verbal): ‘I love the LORD, because he has heard my voice... because he inclined his ear to me’ — echoes the language of God hearing the voice and inclining an ear to the petitioner.
  • Jonah 2:2 (verbal): ‘I called out to the LORD, out of my distress... and you heard my voice’ — a close verbal parallel of crying out in distress and God hearing that cry.
  • Psalm 130:1-2 (thematic): ‘Out of the depths I cry to you, O LORD. Lord, hear my voice!’ — thematically similar plea for God to listen and not hide his ear to the supplicant’s cry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You drew near when I called you; you said, “Fear not.”
  • You heard my voice; do not hide your ear from my cry.
57 You drew near when I called you; you said, 'Do not fear.'

Lam.3.57 - Details

Original Text

קרבת ביום אקראך אמרת אל־ תירא׃

Morphology

  • קרבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • ביום: PREP
  • אקראך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 145:18 (verbal): “The LORD is near to all who call on him” closely parallels Lamentations’ claim that God drew near when the speaker called.
  • Psalm 118:5 (verbal): “I called on the LORD in distress; the LORD answered me” echoes the motif of calling to God and receiving a response.
  • Isaiah 41:10 (verbal): God’s command “Fear not, for I am with you” parallels the admonition “do not fear” combined with divine presence in Lam. 3:57.
  • Isaiah 43:2 (thematic): Assurance of God’s presence in danger (“when you pass through the waters… I will be with you”) and the implied prohibition of fear resonate with Lam. 3:57.
  • Deuteronomy 31:6 (allusion): The injunction “Be strong and courageous… do not fear or be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you” provides a canonical background for Lamentations’ appeal to God’s nearness and the command not to fear.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have pleaded my cause, O LORD; you have redeemed my life.
  • You drew near when I called on you; you said, "Do not fear."
58 You made my case great, O LORD; you redeemed my life.

Lam.3.58 - Details

Original Text

רבת אדני ריבי נפשי גאלת חיי׃

Morphology

  • רבת: ADV
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • ריבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • גאלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:4 (verbal): Speaks of God who 'redeemeth thy life from destruction'—close verbal and thematic parallel to Lamentations' language of God redeeming the speaker's life.
  • Psalm 34:22 (verbal): Declares 'The LORD redeemeth the soul of his servants,' echoing the idea that God vindicates/pleads the cause of and rescues the speaker's life/soul.
  • Psalm 119:154 (verbal): Uses legal/forensic language—'plead my cause, and deliver me'—paralleling Lamentations' 'you have pleaded the causes of my soul' and request for deliverance.
  • Job 19:25 (thematic): Proclaims 'my Redeemer lives,' reflecting the personal-redeemer motif: God as vindicator and restorer of the individual's life, akin to Lamentations' appeal.
  • Isaiah 63:16 (thematic): Refers to the LORD as 'our redeemer' who saves and cares for his people—thematically related to the depiction of God pleading for and redeeming the speaker's life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have seen, O LORD, my wrong; judge my cause.
  • You have pleaded my cause, O LORD; you have redeemed my life.
59 You have seen, O LORD, my affliction; judge my cause—take up my plea.

Lam.3.59 - Details

Original Text

ראיתה יהוה עותתי שפטה משפטי׃

Morphology

  • ראיתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עותתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • שפטה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • משפטי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs

Parallels

  • Psalm 26:1 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — a personal plea 'שפטני יְהוָה' (Judge me, O Lord), echoing Lamentations' petition for God to see wrongs and judge the cause.
  • Psalm 43:1 (thematic): Thematic parallel — a cry for vindication and for God to judge the speaker's cause against unjust opponents (’Vindicate me, O God; plead my cause’).
  • Psalm 35:24 (verbal): Close verbal/thematic connection — Psalmist entreats the LORD to judge and vindicate his cause, using the language of judicial appeal found in Lamentations 3:59.
  • Genesis 18:25 (structural): Structural/theological parallel — rhetorical affirmation of God as the righteous Judge ('Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?'), framing the expectation that God will see and execute justice as in Lamentations' plea.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have seen all their vengeance, all their thoughts against me.
  • You have seen my wrong—judge my case.
60 You have seen all their vengeance, all their thoughts against me.

Lam.3.60 - Details

Original Text

ראיתה כל־ נקמתם כל־ מחשבתם לי׃

Morphology

  • ראיתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • נקמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
  • כל: DET
  • מחשבתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 139:2 (verbal): Speaks of God's knowledge of human movements and thoughts—'you know my lying down and my rising up; you understand my thought from afar'—parallels Lamentations’ claim that God has seen all hostile plots and imaginations.
  • Psalm 94:11 (verbal): Affirms that 'The LORD knows the thoughts of man,' echoing Lamentations’ emphasis that God perceives the enemies’ counsels and designs against the speaker.
  • Job 34:21 (thematic): Declares that God's eyes are on men's ways and he sees all their goings—parallels the idea that God has observed every act of vengeance and every plotted scheme.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): 'The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good'—connects to Lamentations’ assertion that God has witnessed all the enemies’ vengeance and thoughts.
  • Jeremiah 17:10 (allusion): God declares 'I the LORD search the heart, I try the reins'—a close theological parallel (and likely Jeremiahic resonance) to the claim that God has seen all imaginations and vengeful plans directed at the speaker.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have heard their taunting, O LORD, all their plots against me.
  • You have seen all their vengeance and all their plots against me.
61 You have heard their reproach, O LORD, all their plots against me.

Lam.3.61 - Details

Original Text

שמעת חרפתם יהוה כל־ מחשבתם עלי׃

Morphology

  • שמעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • חרפתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • מחשבתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 20:10-11 (thematic): Jeremiah describes enemies whispering and devising harm against him—closely parallels Lamentations’ plea that the LORD has heard the taunts and plots arrayed against the speaker (shared context of prophetic persecution).
  • Psalm 35:11-15 (thematic): This psalm speaks of false witnesses, slander, and taunting by enemies who plot harm—echoing Lamentations’ complaint about derision and schemes directed at the sufferer.
  • Psalm 38:11-12 (verbal): Verses depict friends standing aloof and adversaries laying snares and plotting against the psalmist—language and imagery of enemies’ plots and taunts parallels Lamentations 3:61.
  • Psalm 22:7-8 (thematic): The psalmist reports being mocked and derided by onlookers; while focused on derision rather than plotting, it parallels Lamentations’ emphasis on taunts and the speaker’s appeal to God about hostile reproach.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My lips are full of their scoffing all the day; their tauntings surround me.
  • You have heard their taunts, O LORD—all their schemes against me.
62 Their tongues are continually against me; their counsels are for my harm all the day.

Lam.3.62 - Details

Original Text

שפתי קמי והגיונם עלי כל־ היום׃

Morphology

  • שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • קמי: NOUN,m,sg,suf
  • והגיונם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3p
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • כל: DET
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:21 (verbal): Uses the same formula of enemies 'opening their mouths' against the speaker (and exclaiming 'Aha, aha!'), a near-verbal parallel of hostile speech and mockery.
  • Job 16:10 (verbal): Job: 'They open their mouth against me...' — shares the exact verbal motif of adversaries opening their mouths in reproach against the sufferer.
  • Psalm 22:7 (thematic): 'All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me' — a closely related theme of public jeering and taunting directed at the afflicted speaker.
  • Psalm 109:3 (thematic): 'They compassed me about also with words of hatred...' — depicts enemies surrounding the speaker with hostile speech, paralleling the image of continual reproach 'all day'.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Look upon their sitting and rising; I am for their song.
  • Their taunts are on my lips, and their whispering against me is all day long.
63 They watch and lurk; they mark my steps, as those who wait for my fall.

Lam.3.63 - Details

Original Text

שבתם וקימתם הביטה אני מנגינתם׃

Morphology

  • שבתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • וקימתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • הביטה: VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • מנגינתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+prsfx:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 69:12 (verbal): Speaks of being made the object of a song/taunt — a close verbal parallel to Lamentations’ ‘I am their song.’
  • Psalm 35:15 (verbal): Describes enemies gaping, mocking and rejoicing over the sufferer’s plight, echoing the image of onlookers who sit, stand, and watch.
  • Psalm 22:7-8 (thematic): Portrays public derision and mockery of the afflicted one (‘all who see me mock me’), matching the theme of being a spectacle in Lamentations.
  • Psalm 109:25 (thematic): The sufferer becomes a reproach/byword among people and is scorned when seen—another instance of communal taunting and humiliation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Repay them, O LORD, according to the work of their hands.
  • They sit and watch; they mark my steps—they make my fall their watchword.
64 Repay them, O LORD, according to the work of their hands; render to them their due reward.

Lam.3.64 - Details

Original Text

תשיב להם גמול יהוה כמעשה ידיהם׃

Morphology

  • תשיב: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • גמול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כמעשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 28:4 (verbal): Explicitly prays that the LORD repay the wicked according to their works—very close verbal parallel to Lamentations' request for God to requite them as their deeds deserve.
  • Jeremiah 17:10 (verbal): God declares he searches hearts and will give to each according to his ways and the fruit of his deeds, echoing the theme of divine retribution according to works.
  • Psalm 62:12 (verbal): States that God will repay a person according to his work—another concise expression of the same principle of recompense found in Lamentations 3:64.
  • Proverbs 24:12 (thematic): Asks rhetorically whether God will not repay each person according to his deeds, reflecting the proverb-wisdom expectation of moral recompense present in Lamentations.
  • Romans 2:6 (thematic): New Testament affirmation that God will repay each person according to what they have done, applying the Old Testament principle of divine retribution to Christian moral teaching.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Give them a recompense for their deed; give them a reward that their own counsels deserve.
  • Repay them, O LORD, according to the work of their hands.
65 Give them the recompense of their pride; let your dread fall upon them.

Lam.3.65 - Details

Original Text

תתן להם מגנת־ לב תאלתך להם׃

Morphology

  • תתן: VERB,qal,imprf,2,_,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • מגנת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תאלתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:3 (verbal): God declares he will harden Pharaoh's heart — a direct verbal/thematic parallel to divine action in hardening or changing hearts as judgment.
  • Isaiah 6:10 (verbal): God commands the prophet to dull Israel's senses (‘make the heart of this people fat’) — similar language of divinely caused obtuseness of heart and perception.
  • Romans 1:24-28 (thematic): Paul describes God ‘giving them up’ to degrading passions and a reprobate mind — a New Testament development of the theme that God judicially hands people over, producing spiritual hardening.
  • Romans 9:18 (thematic): ‘God has mercy on whom he wills, and he hardens whom he wills’ — an explicit theological parallel concerning divine hardening as an aspect of God’s sovereign judgment.
  • Ezekiel 36:26 (thematic): God promises to ‘give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you’ — a deliberate contrast showing the same divine power can either harden hearts (judgment) or renew them (restoration).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bring upon them a recompense of disgrace, and let them suffer the judgment of your wrath.
  • Give them the recompense of shame; may your curse overtake them.
66 Pursue them in wrath and destroy them under the heavens of the LORD.

Lam.3.66 - Details

Original Text

תרדף באף ותשמידם מתחת שמי יהוה׃

Morphology

  • תרדף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • באף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותשמידם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • מתחת: PREP
  • שמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 5:10 (verbal): Imprecatory petition asking God to destroy the wicked — similar language of God executing judgment on enemies.
  • Psalm 139:19-22 (thematic): The psalmist expresses desire that God would slay or pursue the wicked and declares hatred of those who hate God, echoing Lamentations' call for divine pursuit and destruction.
  • Nahum 1:2-3 (thematic): Portrays the LORD as a jealous, avenging God who thunders and takes vengeance — parallels the motif of divine wrath pursuing and destroying foes.
  • Deuteronomy 32:35 (thematic): 'Vengeance is mine' asserts God’s prerogative to repay evildoers; echoes the theme of God himself pursuing and executing judgment under heaven.
  • Psalm 58:6-7 (thematic): An imprecatory passage calling for violent destruction of the wicked (images of breaking teeth, melting away), comparable to Lamentations' plea that the LORD pursue and destroy enemies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Pursue them in anger and destroy them under the heavens of the LORD.
  • Pursue in wrath and destroy them from under the heavens of the LORD.

I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of his wrath.

He led me and caused me to walk in darkness and not in light.

Indeed he has turned his hand against me again and again all the day.

He has wasted my flesh and my skin; he has broken my bones.

He has besieged me and encircled me; he has made me desolate; he has bent his bow and set me as a mark.

He has set me in dark places like the dead of long ago.

He has hedged in my ways so that I cannot pass; he has made my paths crooked.

Though I cry and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.

He has blocked my ways with hewn stone; he has made my paths crooked.

A bear lies in wait for me, a lion in hiding.

He turns aside my ways and tears me to pieces; he makes me desolate.

He has bent his bow and set me as a target for his arrows.

He has pierced my inward parts; he has poured out my gall upon the ground.

He has made me an object of scorn to all my people, their song all the day.

He has filled me with bitterness; he has made me drink wormwood.

He has broken my teeth with gravel; he has made me cower in the ashes.

My soul is bereft of peace; I have forgotten what prosperity is.

I said, 'My strength and my hope have perished from the LORD.'

Remember my affliction and my wandering—the wormwood and the gall.

I will recall and meditate—and my soul is bowed within me.

This I will call to mind, therefore I will hope.

The LORD's steadfast love does not cease; his mercies are not consumed.

They are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.

The LORD is my portion, says my soul; therefore I will hope in him.

Good is the LORD to the one who waits for him, to the soul that seeks him.

It is good that one should quietly wait for salvation from the LORD.

It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth.

Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it upon him.

Let him put his mouth in the dust—perhaps there is still hope.

Let him give his cheek to the one who strikes him; let him be filled with reproach.

For the LORD will not cast off forever.

For though he causes grief, he will have compassion according to the abundance of his steadfast love.

For he does not afflict willingly or grieve the children of men.

To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth?

To pervert a man's cause before the presence of the Most High?

To deliver a man to the will of his adversary? Does not the LORD see?

Who has said that it shall be, if the LORD did not command it?

From the mouth of the Most High do not both calamity and good proceed?

Why should a living man complain, a man, about his sins?

Let us search and examine our ways, and return to the LORD.

Let us lift up our hearts and hands to God in the heavens.

We have transgressed and rebelled; you have not pardoned.

You have wrapped yourself in wrath and pursued us; you have slain and shown no mercy.

You have wrapped yourself in a cloud so that prayer cannot pass through.

You have made us a taunt and a byword among the nations.

All our enemies open their mouths against us.

Terror and dread have befallen us; ruin and destruction.

My eyes flow with rivers of tears for the destruction of the daughter of my people.

My eyes pour out without ceasing, without respite,

Until the LORD looks down from heaven and beholds.

My eyes stream for the daughters of my city—they look for help, but none is there.

They chased me sore like birds without cause.

They have dug a pit for my life; they have cast stones on me.

Waters flowed over my head; I said, 'I am cut off.'

I called on your name, O LORD, from the depths of the pit.

You heard my voice; do not hide your ear from my cry for help.

You drew near when I called you; you said, 'Do not fear.'

You made my case great, O LORD; you redeemed my life.

You have seen, O LORD, my affliction; judge my cause—take up my plea.

You have seen all their vengeance, all their thoughts against me.

You have heard their reproach, O LORD, all their plots against me.

Their tongues are continually against me; their counsels are for my harm all the day.

They watch and lurk; they mark my steps, as those who wait for my fall.

Repay them, O LORD, according to the work of their hands; render to them their due reward.

Give them the recompense of their pride; let your dread fall upon them.

Pursue them in wrath and destroy them under the heavens of the LORD.