God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious
Isaiah 65:1-16
Isa.65.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נדרשתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,comm,sg
- ללוא: PREP
- שאלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- נמצאתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,comm,sg
- ללא: PREP
- בקשני: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- אל: NEG
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בשמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss1s
Parallels
- Rom.10:20 (quotation): Paul directly cites Isaiah 65:1 (in Greek) — 'I was found by those who did not seek me' — to argue that God's word has reached the Gentiles.
- Isa.49:6 (thematic): The servant is commissioned to bring salvation to the nations ('a light for the Gentiles'), echoing Isaiah 65:1’s theme of God reaching peoples not previously called by his name.
- Hosea 1:10 (allusion): Hosea foretells that those once 'not my people' will be reckoned God's children; both passages depict God’s unexpected inclusion of outsiders into his people.
- Isa.56:3-8 (thematic): Promises that foreigners and others who join themselves to the LORD will be welcomed and that God's house is 'a house of prayer for all peoples,' reflecting Isaiah 65:1’s open outreach to nations not formerly named by God.
Alternative generated candidates
- I was sought by those who did not ask; I was found by those who did not seek me. I said, ‘Here I am, here I am,’ to a nation that did not call on my name.
- I was sought by those who did not ask; I was found by those who did not seek me. I said, “Here am I, here am I,” to a nation that did not call on my name.
Isa.65.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פרשתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כל: DET
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- עם: PREP
- סורר: ADJ,m,sg
- ההלכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- אחר: PREP
- מחשבתיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Rom.10:21 (quotation): Paul explicitly quotes Isaiah 65:2 (’All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and contrary people’), applying the Isaiah text to Israel’s unbelief.
- Jer.7:24 (verbal): Describes people who ‘did not obey or incline their ear, but walked in the counsels and in the stubbornness of their evil heart,’ echoing Isaiah’s language of walking in a bad way after their own thoughts.
- Ezek.2:3 (allusion): God sends the prophet to a ‘rebellious house’ (בית מרד), echoing Isaiah’s address to a ‘rebel/insubordinate people’ (עם סורר).
- Prov.14:12 (thematic): ’There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death’—thematises following one’s own counsels/ways (מחשבותיהם) rather than God’s, as in Isaiah 65:2.
- Isa.1:2-4 (structural): A parallel prophetic address in Isaiah: God accuses the people of rebellion and perverse conduct, similarly framing divine outreach to a wayward nation.
Alternative generated candidates
- I spread out my hands all the day to a rebellious people, who walk in a way not good, following their own thoughts.
- I spread out my hands all day to a rebellious people, who walk in a way not good, pursuing their own thoughts.
Isa.65.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המכעיסים: VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl,def
- אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- תמיד: ADV
- זבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בגנות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ומקטרים: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- הלבנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:11-15 (thematic): God rejects the people's ritual sacrifices because their lives are corrupt — like Isa.65:3 condemning continual offerings that provoke God.
- Hosea 6:6 (thematic): Emphasizes that God prefers steadfast love/knowledge of God over burnt offerings, echoing the condemnation of hollow cultic worship in Isa.65:3.
- Amos 5:21-23 (thematic): God declares hatred of feasts and songs offered while injustice continues — parallels Isa.65:3's rebuke of offerings that nevertheless provoke God.
- Psalm 50:8-13 (verbal): God asserts he does not need or desire sacrifices from the people, critiquing external offerings in a manner closely related to Isa.65:3.
- Jeremiah 7:21-23 (thematic): God rebukes reliance on sacrificial ritual apart from obedience; like Isa.65:3, the passage charges worship practices that displease God.
Alternative generated candidates
- A people who continually provoke me to my face—sacrificing in gardens and offering incense upon bricks.
- A people who provoke me to my face continually, offering sacrifices in gardens and burning incense on bricks.
Isa.65.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הישבים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl,def
- בקברים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנצורים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ילינו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- האכלים: PART,qal,ptcp,act,m,pl,def
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החזיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומרק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פגלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 66:17 (verbal): Direct parallel in language and content—repeats the indictment of those who eat swine's flesh and practice abominable rites (same motifs and phrasing).
- Deuteronomy 18:10–12 (thematic): Prohibits divination, necromancy and consulting the dead—connects to 'sitting among the graves' and secretive spirit practices condemned in Isa 65:4.
- Leviticus 11:7 (thematic): Declares the pig unclean and not to be eaten; provides the cultic/ritual background for condemning the consumption of swine's flesh in Isa 65:4.
- Ezekiel 8:12 (thematic): Describes elders conducting abominable/idolatrous rites in secret chambers; parallels the motif of hidden cultic practices and abominations criticized in Isa 65:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who sit among the tombs and spend the night in secret shrines; who eat the flesh of the pig and broth of detestable things in their vessels.
- Who sit among the graves and spend the night in tombs; who eat the flesh of the pig and broth of abominable things is in their vessels.
Isa.65.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- האמרים: VERB,qal,ptcp,0,m,pl
- קרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תגש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- קדשתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suf,1,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יקדת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- כל: DET
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:15-17 (thematic): God rejects outward piety and prayers from those who are morally corrupt—parallel condemnation of hypocritical, self-righteous worship in Isa. 65:5.
- Amos 5:21-24 (thematic): The LORD rejects festivals and offerings when justice and righteousness are absent; echoes the denunciation of those who presume on their holiness.
- Isaiah 66:3-4 (thematic): Condemns persons who call themselves holy while committing abominations; closely related prophetic rebuke of self-sanctifying hypocrisy.
- Matthew 23:27-28 (thematic): Jesus denounces religious leaders who present outward holiness but are inwardly corrupt—parallels the scorn for self-righteous posturing in Isa. 65:5.
- Luke 18:11-14 (thematic): The Pharisee’s proud, self-justifying prayer contrasts with true humility; parallels Isa. 65:5’s critique of boastful claims of superior holiness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who say, ‘Keep away; do not come near me, for I am holy’—‘these are gods’—they are smoke in my nostrils, a fire that burns all the day.
- Who say, “Be near me not—do not come near me, for I am holy”—these are smoke in my nostrils, a fire that burns all day.
Isa.65.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- כתובה: ADJ,ptcp,qal,f,sg
- לפני: PREP
- לא: PART_NEG
- אחשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- שלמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- ושלמתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- על: PREP
- חיקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:35 (quotation): Explicit declaration of divine repayment/vengeance: 'Vengeance is mine, and recompense' — foundational Old Testament phrasing echoed by Isaiah's promise to 'repay'.
- Romans 12:19 (quotation): New Testament citation of Deut. 32:35 ('Vengeance is mine; I will repay') used to affirm God’s role in recompense, paralleling Isaiah's refusal to remain silent and his intent to repay.
- Hebrews 10:30 (quotation): Echoes the Deuteronomic formula ('The Lord will judge his people') applied to the theme of God repaying wrongs — connects to Isaiah’s declaration that he will not be silent but will recompense.
- Isaiah 59:18 (verbal): Within Isaiah: 'According to their deeds, so will he repay' — a near-verbal and thematic parallel emphasizing God’s active recompense for iniquity.
- Psalm 94:1-2 (thematic): Cries for divine vengeance ('O LORD, God of vengeance...') reflect the same theme of God as the agent who repays and vindicates, resonating with Isaiah’s denunciation and promise to repay.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, it is written before me; I will not hold my peace, but I will repay—repay into their bosom.
- Behold, it is written before me; I will not keep silent— I will repay, I will repay into their bosoms.
Isa.65.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עונתיכם: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ועונת: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- אבותיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- יחדו: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- קטרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- על: PREP
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הגבעות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- חרפוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl+1s
- ומדתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- פעלתם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
- ראשנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- חיקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 12:2-4 (thematic): Commands against worship on high places—background law that condemns offering incense on mountains and hills, supplying the legal/theological rationale for Isaiah's indictment of such cultic practices.
- 2 Kings 17:9-11 (verbal): Historical summary of Israel's apostasy, noting that they 'set up sanctuaries' and 'burned incense on all the high places,' closely paralleling Isaiah's reproach of incense on the mountains and hills.
- Hosea 4:13 (verbal): Accuses Israel of sacrificing on mountain tops and burning offerings on the hills—a near verbal and thematic echo of Isaiah's description of illicit worship on elevated sites.
- Ezekiel 18:2-4 (allusion): Replies to the proverb that 'the fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge'—relevant because Isaiah 65:7 groups the sins of the people with the sins of their fathers, invoking the issue of collective/ancestral guilt.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your iniquities and the iniquities of your fathers together, says the LORD, who burned incense on the mountains and reviled me on the hills; therefore I will measure your deeds into your bosom.
- Your iniquities and the iniquities of your fathers together, says the LORD—who have burned incense on the mountains and blasphemed on the hills—therefore I will measure into their bosoms the recompense of their former deeds.
Isa.65.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- ימצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- התירוש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- באשכול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תשחיתהו: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ברכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כן: ADV
- אעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- למען: PREP
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- השחית: VERB,hiph,inf
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 13:23 (verbal): The spies cut and carried a single large cluster of grapes—same concrete image of finding grapes in a cluster (אשכול) used as an agricultural metaphor.
- Isaiah 27:2-4 (thematic): Israel portrayed as a vineyard whose fruit God preserves and cares for; parallels the idea of God sparing/keeping fruit rather than destroying it.
- Isaiah 1:9 (thematic): ‘If the LORD of hosts had not left us a very small remnant…’ —both verses explain that God withholds total destruction and preserves a remnant.
- Amos 9:8–9 (thematic): God announces judgment on Israel yet says he will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob—similar tension between judgment and divine restraint/preservation.
- Romans 11:5 (allusion): Paul’s teaching that there is a present remnant chosen by grace echoes the Isaianic theme that God preserves a blessed remnant and does not destroy all.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: As when grape juice is found in a cluster and one says, ‘Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing in it,’ so I will act for the sake of my servants, that I may not destroy all.
- Thus says the LORD: As when the grape is found in the cluster and one says, “Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing in it,” so will I do for the sake of my servants, that I may not destroy all.
Isa.65.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והוצאתי: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,perf,1,_,sg
- מיעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומיהודה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- יורש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- הרי: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וירשוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl+OBJ,3,f,sg
- בחירי: NOUN,1s,m,sg,abs
- ועבדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,prsfx,1s
- ישכנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שמה: ADV
Parallels
- Genesis 49:8-10 (allusion): Jacob’s blessing of Judah as leader and holder of rule echoes the emphasis on a scion from Jacob and a possessor from Judah who inherits the hill-country/leadership.
- Ezekiel 37:25 (thematic): Promise that the people of Israel will 'dwell' in the land given to Jacob and that a prince (David) will be among them parallels the theme of inheritance and dwelling in the land.
- Jeremiah 31:7-11 (thematic): Jeremiah’s depiction of God bringing back the remnant of Israel and giving them their inheritance resonates with Isaiah’s promise to bring out a seed and grant possession to God’s chosen.
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): God’s promise to restore Israel, plant them on their own land and never again be uprooted corresponds to the assurance that God’s elect will inherit and dwell in the land.
- Isaiah 65:21-23 (structural): Immediate context in Isaiah repeats the motif of building, planting, inheriting and dwelling—clarifying the tangible blessings associated with the promised inheritance in v.9.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will bring forth from Jacob a remnant and from Judah an heir to my mountains; my chosen will inherit it, and my servants shall dwell there.
- And I will bring forth offspring from Jacob, and from Judah an inheritor of my mountains; my chosen shall inherit it, and my servants shall dwell there.
Isa.65.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- השרון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לנוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועמק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עכור: ADJ,m,sg
- לרבץ: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דרשוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl,obj:1s
Parallels
- Hosea 2:15 (verbal): Uses the same phrase 'Valley of Achor' (here reinterpreted as a 'door of hope')—both passages transform Achor from a place of trouble into one of restoration.
- Joshua 7:24-26 (structural): Gives the original historical context/name of the Valley of Achor (place of Achan's sin/'trouble'), which Isaiah repurposes as a future pasture—contrast between past disgrace and future blessing.
- Ezekiel 34:13-14 (thematic): God promises to bring Israel to dwell on the land and feed them on good pastures—similar pastoral imagery of folds, pastures, and restoration for God's people.
- Joel 3:18 (Hebrew Joel 3:18 / LXX Joel 4:18) (thematic): Foretells a future day when hills and valleys flow with abundance and Judah's land yields streams and pastures—parallel theme of land rejuvenation and provision for God's people.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sharon shall be a pasture for flocks, and the Valley of Achor a resting place for herds—my people who sought me.
- The Sharon shall be a pasture for flocks, and the Valley of Achor a resting place for herds—for my people who seek me.
Isa.65.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- עזבי: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- השכחים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- קדשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הערכים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- לגד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והממלאים: VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl
- למני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ממסך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 7:18 (verbal): Images of women making offerings and pouring out libations to a foreign deity echo Isaiah's language of preparing a table and filling cups for Fortune/Destiny.
- Jeremiah 44:17-19 (thematic): Household cultic practices—baking cakes for the ‘queen of heaven’ and pouring drink‑offerings—parallel Isaiah's critique of Israelite worship directed to other deities (Gad/Meni).
- Hosea 2:8 (verbal): Hosea speaks of Israel ‘forgetting’ Yahweh and going after lovers/other gods, echoing Isaiah's charge that they ‘forsake the LORD’ and ‘forget my holy mountain.’
- Amos 5:21-23 (thematic): God's rejection of ritual feasts and songs because of covenant unfaithfulness parallels Isaiah's condemnation of religious activity that replaces loyalty to Yahweh with worship of other powers.
- Psalm 106:28-29 (thematic): The psalm recounts Israel joining themselves to Baal and making sacrifices to foreign gods—an earlier example of the idolatrous practices Isaiah denounces (preparing tables and libations for other deities).
Alternative generated candidates
- But you who forsake the LORD and forget my holy mountain, who set a table for Gad and fill bowls of mixed drink for Meni.
- But you who forsake the LORD and forget my holy mountain, who set a table for Fortune and fill cups of mixed wine for Destiny:
Isa.65.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומניתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- לחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכלכם: CONJ+PRON,2,m,pl
- לטבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תכרעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- יען: CONJ
- קראתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- עניתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ותעשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ובאשר: CONJ+REL
- לא: PART_NEG
- חפצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
- בחרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 81:11-12 (verbal): God laments that he called but Israel did not listen and so he 'gave them over'—language and motif closely parallel Isaiah's 'I called and you did not answer' and the consequent punishment.
- Isaiah 1:20 (structural): Isaiah uses the same cause-and-effect pattern: refusal/rebellion leads to being 'devoured by the sword' (judicial defeat), echoing the threat in 65:12 that the people will be destined to the sword for disobedience.
- Jeremiah 11:11 (thematic): God announces bringing calamity upon the people because they did not obey his words—parallel theme of divine judgment as the result of persistent disobedience.
- Romans 1:24-25 (allusion): Paul describes God 'giving them over' to degrading passions because they exchanged truth for falsehood—New Testament theological parallel to the motif of God abandoning or handing people over as judgment for willful sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will destine you for the sword, and all of you shall bow down to the slaughter; because I called and you did not answer, I spoke and you did not hear; you did evil before me and chose that which I did not delight in.
- I will appoint you to the sword, and all of you shall bow down to the slaughter—because I called and you did not answer; I spoke and you did not hear; you did evil in my sight and chose what I did not desire.
Isa.65.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנה: PART
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תרעבו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- הנה: PART
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תצמאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- הנה: PART
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישמחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תבשו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Luke 6:20-26 (thematic): Jesus' beatitudes and woes reverse present fortunes—those who are hungry now will be satisfied and those who are full now will hunger—echoing Isaiah's contrast between the Lord's servants who eat/drink/rejoice and others who hunger/thirst/are put to shame.
- Deuteronomy 28:47-48 (thematic): In the covenant curses, disobedient Israel is described as serving enemies and suffering hunger—paralleling Isaiah's depiction of opposite outcomes for God's servants versus the rebellious.
- Isaiah 61:6 (verbal): Isaiah speaks of God's servants (priests/ministers) eating the riches of the nations—language and the theme of 'my servants eating' resonates directly with Isaiah 65:13's promise that the Lord's servants will eat while others go hungry.
- Psalm 37:25-26 (thematic): The psalm affirms that the righteous are not forsaken and are provided for (won't be left begging bread), contrasting the fate of the wicked—a theme of reversal and Divine provision comparable to Isaiah's contrast between servants and the ashamed/hungry.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the Sovereign LORD: Behold, my servants shall eat, and you shall be hungry; behold, my servants shall drink, and you shall be thirsty; behold, my servants shall rejoice, and you shall be put to shame.
- Therefore thus says the LORD: Behold, my servants shall eat and you shall be hungry; behold, my servants shall drink and you shall be thirsty; behold, my servants shall rejoice and you shall be put to shame.
Isa.65.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מטוב: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תצעקו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מכאב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומשבר: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תילילו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 65:13 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same oracle: contrasts 'my servants' who receive blessing with others who suffer; similar wording ('behold, my servants') and the motif of joy for servants vs shame for others.
- Isaiah 51:11 (thematic): Speaks of the redeemed returning 'with singing' and 'everlasting joy'—a thematic echo of the servants rejoicing in Isaiah 65:14.
- Psalm 126:5-6 (thematic): Contrast of weeping and later rejoicing: those who 'go forth weeping' will 'come home with shouts of joy,' paralleling the reversal between lamenters and the joyful servants.
- Luke 6:21 (thematic): Jesus' beatitude 'Blessed are you who weep now, for you will laugh' reflects the motif of present sorrow versus future rejoicing found in Isaiah 65:14.
- Isaiah 66:5 (thematic): Another Isaianic contrast where the faithful's joy is contrasted with the shame or wailing of those who opposed them, echoing the reversal between servants' rejoicing and others' lament.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart; you shall cry out from anguish of heart, and you shall wail from the breaking of spirit.
- Behold, my servants shall sing for gladness of heart; but you shall cry out from anguish of heart and wail from a broken spirit.
Isa.65.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנחתם: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,mp
- שמכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- לשבועה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבחירי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,sing
- והמיתך: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולעבדיו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+ps3ms
- יקרא: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- אחר: PREP
Parallels
- Isaiah 62:2 (verbal): Promises that Zion ‘shall be called by a new name’ — direct verbal parallel to 65:15’s language about God calling his servants by another name.
- Isaiah 62:4-5 (thematic): Renaming of the people/land (no longer ‘Forsaken’ but ‘Hephzibah’/‘Beulah’) mirrors 65:15’s motif of God assigning a different name to his servants.
- Hosea 2:23 (allusion): God changes the status-name of the people (those called ‘Not my people’ made ‘my people’/‘sons of the living God’) — a closely related pattern of divine renaming and reversal.
- Revelation 3:12 (quotation): The promise that the faithful will be given God’s new name echoes Isaiah’s statement that God ‘will call his servants by another name,’ a later echo of the renaming motif.
- Deuteronomy 28:37 (thematic): The curse that a people’s name will become a byword/curse among the nations parallels 65:15’s idea of leaving someone’s name as a curse to God’s chosen.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will put your name to a curse in the mouths of my chosen; the LORD will slay you, and to his servants he will give another name.
- You shall leave your name as a curse to my chosen; the LORD will put you to death, and to his servants he will give another name.
Isa.65.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- המתברך: VERB,hitp,part,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- יתברך: VERB,hitp,imf,3,m,sg
- באלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- אמן: INTJ
- והנשבע: CONJ+VERB,nif,part,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- ישבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- באלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- אמן: INTJ
- כי: CONJ
- נשכחו: VERB,nif,perf,3,m,pl
- הצרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- הראשנות: ADJ,f,pl,def
- וכי: CONJ
- נסתרו: VERB,nif,perf,3,m,pl
- מעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:4 (verbal): God described as faithful/true (’a God of truth/faithfulness’), echoing Isaiah’s epithet 'Elohei Amen' (God of truth/faithfulness).
- Isaiah 43:25 (verbal): ’I, I am he who blots out your transgressions... I will not remember your sins’—closely parallels Isaiah 65:16’s language about former troubles being forgotten and hidden from God’s eyes.
- Jeremiah 31:34 (thematic): Promise that God will forgive and no longer remember sins under the new covenant; thematically parallels the motif of past troubles being forgotten in Isa 65:16.
- Hebrews 8:12 (quotation): New Testament citation of Jeremiah 31:34 ('I will remember their sins no more'), echoing the same divine promise of forgetting former transgressions found in Isaiah 65:16.
- Matthew 5:33–37 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching against oaths and emphasis on truthfulness (let your 'Yes' be 'Yes') relates thematically to swearing 'by the God of truth' in Isaiah 65:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever blesses himself on the earth shall bless himself by the God of truth; and whoever swears on the earth shall swear by the God of truth—Amen; for former troubles are forgotten and are hidden from my eyes.
- Whoever blesses himself in the land shall bless himself by the God of truth; and whoever swears in the land shall swear by the God of truth—because the former troubles are forgotten and are hidden from my eyes.
I was sought though they did not ask; I was found though they did not seek me. I said, “Here I am, here I am,” to a nation that did not call upon my name.
I spread out my hands all day to a people obstinate in their way, who walk in a path not good, following their own thoughts.
A people who continually provoke me to my face—sacrificing in gardens, burning incense on altars of brick.
Who sit among the tombs and spend the night in secret places; who eat the flesh of pigs and broth of unclean things is in their vessels.
Who say, “Keep to yourself; do not come near me, for I am holier than you.” They are smoke in my nostrils, a fire that burns all day.
Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silent; I will repay, I will repay into their bosom.
“Your iniquities and the iniquities of your fathers together,” says the LORD, “who burned incense on the mountains and reviled on the hills—therefore I will measure into their bosoms their former deeds. Thus says the LORD: As when grapes are found in a cluster and one says, ‘Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing in it,’ so I will do for the sake of my servants, that I may not destroy them all.
I will bring forth offspring from Jacob and from Judah an heir of my mountains; my chosen shall possess it, and my servants shall dwell there.
The Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a resting place for herds—for my people who seek me. But you who forsake the LORD and forget my holy mountain, who set a table for Fortune and fill bowls of mixed wine for Destiny,
I will appoint you to the sword, and all of you to slaughter; you shall bow down—because I called and you did not answer; I spoke and you did not hear; you did what was evil in my sight and chose that in which I did not delight.
Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, my servants shall eat, and you shall be hungry; behold, my servants shall drink, and you shall be thirsty; behold, my servants shall rejoice, and you shall be put to shame.
Behold, my servants shall shout for joy of heart; but you shall cry out from anguish of heart, and shall wail in the breaking of spirit. And I will make your name a curse for my chosen; the LORD GOD will put you to death, and he will call his servants by another name.
Whoever blesses himself in the land shall bless himself by the God of truth; whoever swears in the land shall swear by the God of truth—because the former troubles are forgotten and are hidden from my eyes.