Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy
2 Kings 15:23-26
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2 K.15.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לעזריה: PREP+PN,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פקחיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנחם: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנתים: NOUN,f,du,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:25 (verbal): Identifies Menahem as father of Pekahiah and records Menahem's reign in Samaria—provides immediate dynastic background for Pekahiah in 15:23.
- 2 Kings 15:27 (structural): Records the assassination of Pekahiah by Pekah son of Remaliah in Samaria and the resulting change of rulership, completing the narrative begun in 15:23 about Pekahiah's brief two‑year reign.
- Isaiah 7:1 (allusion): Mentions Pekah son of Remaliah (the successor who overthrows Pekahiah) in the prophetic context of Syria and Israel's alliance against Judah—connects the political consequences of the Israelite succession to prophetic activity.
- 2 Chronicles 26:3 (structural): Gives the reign length and chronology for Uzziah/Azariah of Judah; helps to explain the synchronism phrase "in the fiftieth year of Azariah" used to date Pekahiah's accession in 2 Kings 15:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah son of Menahem became king over Israel in Samaria; and he reigned two years.
- In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah son of Menahem became king over Israel in Samaria; and he reigned two years.
2 K.15.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- סר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מחטאות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- החטיא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 12:26-33 (quotation): Describes Jeroboam's original sin—setting up the golden calves at Bethel and Dan—which is the proto-sin referred to in 2 Kgs 15:24 ('the sins of Jeroboam').
- 1 Kings 14:9-16 (thematic): Prophecy of judgment against Jeroboam for causing Israel to sin; thematically explains the divine condemnation referenced in later summaries of Israelite kings' evil.
- 1 Kings 15:26 (verbal): A parallel royal formula: this verse reports an Israelite king 'doing evil in the sight of the LORD' and following 'the way/ sin of Jeroboam,' repeating the same evaluative language and charge.
- 2 Kings 3:2 (verbal): Uses essentially the same wording about an Israelite king who 'did evil in the sight of the LORD' and 'did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam,' a close verbal parallel to 2 Kgs 15:24.
- 2 Kings 17:21-23 (structural): Summarizes Israel's long-term failure — including persistence in Jeroboam's idolatry — as the reason for exile; provides the broader historical consequence of the repeated 'did evil' verdict found in 2 Kgs 15:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin.
- He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which caused Israel to sin.
2 K.15.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקשר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- פקח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רמליהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלישו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויכהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
- בשמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארמון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,loc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- ארגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- האריה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- גלעדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וימיתהו: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg,clit:3,m,sg
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 16:9-11 (structural): Zimri, a military commander, conspires against and murders King Elah in the royal house and assumes the throne—same pattern of palace assassination and usurpation.
- 2 Kings 15:30 (verbal): Hoshea son of Elah conspires against and strikes down Pekah son of Remaliah and reigns in his place—nearly identical wording and sequence of regicide and succession.
- 2 Kings 9:24-26 (thematic): Jehu’s violent coup in which he strikes down King Joram (and later Ahaziah) and secures the throne—another instance of forceful removal of a king by a rival commander.
- 2 Kings 12:20-21 (thematic): King Joash is assassinated by his own servants; though not followed by an immediate usurper, the passage parallels the motif of conspiracy and killing of a reigning monarch.
- 1 Kings 2:23-25 (thematic): Solomon orders the killing of Adonijah (by Benaiah) for conspiring to seize the throne—illustrates royal removal by violent means tied to claims on kingship.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him and struck him down in Samaria, in the palace of the king, at the entry of the king's house—Argev and Arieh were with him—and fifty men of the sons of Gilead; and they killed him, and he reigned in his stead.
- But Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him and struck him down in Samaria, in the palace of the king—at Argob and at Arieh—with fifty men of the Gileadites; and he killed him and reigned in his place.
2 K.15.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- פקחיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 22:39 (verbal): Uses the same formulaic conclusion for a king's reign—'the rest of the acts... are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel'—a near-verbal parallel to 2 Kgs 15:26.
- 2 Chronicles 26:22 (verbal): A parallel formula closing the account of Uzziah (Azariah): 'the rest of the acts of Uzziah... are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah'—structurally the same historiographical note, here referring to Judah's chronicle.
- 2 Chronicles 27:7 (verbal): Another instance of the standard closing line—'the rest of the acts of Jotham... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah'—showing the common editorial practice of citing royal annals.
- 1 Kings 16:20 (verbal): The concluding formula for a northern king's reign ('the rest of the acts... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel'), demonstrating the same practice of referring readers to the official 'book of the chronicles' for additional details.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
- Now the rest of the acts of Pekahiah and all that he did are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah son of Menahem became king over Israel in Samaria; and he reigned two years.
He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which caused Israel to sin.
Pekah son of Remaliah, his captain, conspired against him and struck him down in Samaria, in the king’s palace—Argob and Arieh with him, and fifty men of Gilead—and they killed him; and he reigned in his place. Now the rest of the acts of Pekahiah and all that he did are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.