Territory of Dan
Joshua 19:40-48
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Jos.19.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 26:55-56 (verbal): Explicit law for dividing the land “by lot” (גרל) to the tribes—background principle for Joshua’s allotments.
- Joshua 19:1 (structural): Opening verse of the same chapter where the lot formula is used for another tribe (Simeon); repeats the same allotment pattern.
- Joshua 19:24 (structural): Another instance in the chapter where “the lot came out” for a tribe (Asher), showing the recurring formula and procedure of distribution.
- Psalm 16:6 (thematic): Imagery of inheritance/allotment (“the lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places”) thematically parallels receiving one’s portion of the land.
- Acts 1:26 (verbal): New Testament use of the verb/phrase ‘the lot fell’ in deciding allotment (Matthias)—verbal parallel to the ancient practice of casting lots to determine allocation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the seventh lot came up for the sons of Dan by their families.
- And the seventh lot came up for the sons of Dan by their families.
Jos.19.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- נחלתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- צרעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואשתאול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,const
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:40 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse begins the list of towns in the allotment of the tribe of Dan that includes Zorah (Tserah), Eshtaol and Beth‑shemesh—this verse is part of that municipal list.
- Judges 13:25 (verbal): Mentions the same towns and location: Samson is said to have been active 'in the camp of Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol,' linking these place‑names to the Danite territory.
- Judges 18:2 (verbal): Refers to a man 'of the family of the Danites, of Zorah and of Eshtaol,' again naming these specific Danite settlements and their inhabitants.
- 1 Samuel 6:12 (thematic): Beth‑shemesh appears as a significant town when the ark of the covenant is returned by the Philistines and placed in Beth‑shemesh, showing the town's continued prominence in later narratives.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, Eshtaol, and Ir‑Shemesh.
- And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, Eshtaol, and Ir‑Shemesh.
Jos.19.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושעלבין: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואילון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתלה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:31-39 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same allotment list — the towns of the tribe of Naphtali are enumerated in a contiguous sequence that includes v.42's place-names.
- Judges 1:33-34 (thematic): Describes the failure of Naphtali to drive out the Canaanite inhabitants of towns in its territory, explaining why many named towns (like those in Josh 19) continued to be inhabited by Canaanites.
- Joshua 21:32 (structural): Records cities in the territory of Naphtali (e.g., Kedesh, Hammoth-dor) given to the Levites — a later allocation that overlaps the same regional list of towns found in Josh 19.
- Judges 4:6 (thematic): Mentions Kedesh of Naphtali as the muster point for Barak — situating the military and civic activity in the same Galilean district whose towns are listed in Joshua 19 (including v.42).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Shaalabbin, Ayalon, and Ithlah.
- And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah.
Jos.19.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואילון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותמנתה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועקרון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Judges 18:1–31 (structural): The narrative of the Danite migration in Judges 18 repeats many of the same place‑names allotted to Dan in Joshua 19 (the Danite towns and nearby sites), effectively recounting the later occupation and reuse of those towns.
- Joshua 10:12–13 (verbal): Aijalon (Ayalon) appears elsewhere as a prominent geographic marker—e.g., the sun and moon standing still 'in Gibeon and in the valley of Aijalon'—linking the place‑name in Joshua 19:43 to other canonical references to Aijalon.
- 1 Samuel 6:17 (structural): Ekron is listed among the five major Philistine cities (Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, Ekron), showing the same place‑name in a different political/regional context than the allotment list in Joshua 19.
- Zephaniah 2:4 (thematic): Prophetic oracles against the Philistine cities mention Ekron by name, thematically connecting the town named in Joshua 19:43 with later prophetic judgment traditions concerning Philistine urban centers.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Elon, Timnathah, and Ekron.
- And Ajalon, and Timnath, and Ekron.
Jos.19.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלתקה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וגבתון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובעלת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:41 (verbal): Immediate context: the same chapter's catalog of towns allotted to the tribe of Dan; Joshua 19:41–44 lists adjacent place-names in the Danite allotment, showing the sequence of towns of which Eltekeh, Gibbethon and Baalath are part.
- Joshua 19:45 (verbal): Continuation of the Danite allotment list; 19:45–48 completes the enumeration of towns and villages in Dan’s inheritance, situating 19:44 within the full territorial list.
- Judges 18:1–2 (thematic): Narrative account of the Danites sending out spies and ultimately migrating because they had not taken possession of their allotted towns—thematises the same Danite inheritance named in Joshua 19 and explains subsequent Danite movements.
- Judges 1:34 (thematic): Reports that the Amorites forced the Danites into the hill country so they did not occupy certain lowland towns; provides an explanatory background for why the towns listed in Joshua 19 (including those in 19:44) were not fully possessed by Dan.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Eltekeh, Gibbethon, and Baalath.
- And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath.
Jos.19.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ברק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:44 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same allotment‑list — the preceding verse continues the catalogue of towns in this tribal allotment, of which v.45 is a direct continuation.
- Joshua 19:46 (structural): Immediate structural parallel in the same chapter — the following verse continues/finishes the sequence of place‑names in this section of the allotment list.
- Judges 1:30–31 (thematic): The book of Judges preserves a parallel tradition of tribal settlements and town lists (Asher/Naphtali regions); these verses give a related catalogue of towns and reflect alternate/convergent traditions about occupation of Canaanite towns.
- 1 Chronicles 6:76 (verbal): Later lists of Levitical/tribal towns preserve many of the same place‑names (e.g., Gath‑rimmon); 1 Chronicles echoes these toponyms, showing continuity of the place‑name tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Yehud, Bene‑Berak, and Gath‑Rimmon.
- And Jehud, and Bene‑berak, and Gath‑rimmon.
Jos.19.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומי: PRON,interr
- הירקון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והרקון: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מול: PREP
- יפו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Josh.19.45 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse in the same allotment list—continues the catalogue of towns and borders that culminates with the valley opposite Joppa.
- Jonah 1:3 (verbal): Explicit mention of Joppa (Joppa/Jaffa) as a coastal port—parallels Joshua's naming of the border opposite Joppa.
- Acts 9:38–43 (verbal): Peter's activity in Joppa (raising Tabitha) attests to Joppa's continued identity and importance as a coastal town referenced in Joshua's border description.
- 2 Chronicles 2:16 (verbal): References ships going to Joppa for transport of materials—echoes Joppa's role as a maritime point on Israel's coast noted in Joshua 19:46.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the waters of Yarkon and Rakkon were the boundary, opposite Joppa.
- And the waters of the Yarkon and the Rakkon formed the boundary opposite Joppa.
Jos.19.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וילחמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עם: PREP
- לשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וילכדו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- לפי: PREP
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וירשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויקראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ללשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כשם: PREP
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Judges 18:27-29 (quotation): The Judges account retells the same episode: the Danites attack and destroy Laish (Leshem), occupy it, and rename it Dan — language and action closely parallel Joshua 19:47.
- Judges 18:1-2 (structural): Sets the wider narrative framework for the event: Danites send men to seek an inheritance and later migrate because they had not received sufficient territory, explaining why they attacked Laish.
- Judges 1:34 (thematic): Explains the Danites' displacement: the Amorites forced the people of Dan into the hill country, preventing them from settling the plain — background motive for their later move to Laish/Dan.
- Genesis 30:6 (allusion): Records the origin of the tribal name 'Dan' (Rachel names her son Dan). Joshua's note that Laish was called 'Dan' after their father alludes to this eponymous origin.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the border of the sons of Dan went out from there; and the sons of Dan went up and fought with Leshem and took it. They struck it with the edge of the sword and possessed it, and they lived there; and they called Leshem Dan, after Dan their father.
- And the border of the sons of Dan went out from there; so the sons of Dan went up and fought with Leshem and took it, and smote it by the sword and possessed it, and lived there; and they called Leshem Dan, after the name of Dan their father.
Jos.19.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- נחלת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- וחצריהן: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 19:41-47 (verbal): Immediate context: the preceding verses list the same towns of the tribe of Dan and the concluding allotment formula (‘these were their cities with their villages’).
- Joshua 13:24-28 (structural): Earlier allotment passage that assigns territory to the tribe of Dan—another structural statement of Dan’s territorial boundaries and towns.
- Judges 18:1-29 (thematic): Narrative account of the Danites’ migration north, capture of Laish/Leshem (renamed Dan) and settlement—echoes the towns and outcome of Dan’s allotment.
- Joshua 21:43-45 (structural): Concluding summary of tribal inheritances and possession of land and cities for Israel—parallel formula affirming allotments and their villages.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan by their families: these cities and their villages.
- This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan by their families: these are the cities and their villages.
And the seventh lot came up for the sons of Dan by their families. And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, Eshtaol, and Ir‑Shemesh. And Shaalabbin, Ayalon, and Ithlah. And Elon, Timnah, and Ekron. And Eltekeh, Gibbethon, and Baalath. And Yehud, Bnei‑Baraq, and Gath‑Rimmon. And the waters of the Yarkon and the Rakkon were the border, opposite Joppa. And the border of the sons of Dan went out from there; and the sons of Dan went up and fought against Leshem and captured it. They struck it with the edge of the sword and possessed it, and dwelt there, and called Leshem Dan, after Dan their father.
This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan by their families: these cities and their villages.