Abraham: Justification by Faith

Romans 4:1-25

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, discovered?

Rom.4.1 - Details

Original Text

Τι ουν ερουμεν ευρηκεναι Αβρααμ τον προπατορα ημων κατα σαρκα;

Morphology

  • Τι: PRON,nom,sg,neut
  • ουν: CONJ
  • ερουμεν: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,pl
  • ευρηκεναι: VERB,perf,act,inf
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • προπατορα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • κατα: PREP
  • σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul's ensuing argument hinges on Genesis 15:6 ('Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness'), the foundational OT statement about Abraham's faith that Romans will cite to define justification by faith.
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (thematic): Paul elsewhere argues that those who have faith are 'children of Abraham' and cites Abraham's belief as paradigmatic for Gentile inclusion—continuing the same theme of Abraham as prototype of justification by faith.
  • James 2:21-24 (verbal): James likewise invokes Abraham ('Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness') but develops the problem of proving faith by works, engaging the same tradition Paul addresses about Abraham's status.
  • Hebrews 11:8-12 (thematic): The author of Hebrews presents Abraham as the model of faith who obeys the call and trusts God's promises, echoing the portrayal of Abraham as the exemplary forefather of faith that Romans 4 begins to examine.

Alternative generated candidates

  • What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, discovered?
  • What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, found?
2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.

Rom.4.2 - Details

Original Text

ει γαρ Αβρααμ εξ εργων εδικαιωθη,εχει καυχημα·αλλ᾽ου προς θεον,

Morphology

  • ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
  • γαρ: PART
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εξ: PREP
  • εργων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
  • εδικαιωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • καυχημα·αλλ᾽ου: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • προς: PREP
  • θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Rom.3:27-28 (verbal): Same argument against boasting and the contrast between works and justification—‘where is boasting?’ and justification apart from works.
  • Rom.4:3 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the chapter: cites Abraham’s faith being counted as righteousness (supports the claim that Abraham was not justified by works).
  • Gal.2:16 (thematic): Paul’s broader thesis that a person is not justified by works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ echoes the point that justification cannot be grounds for boasting.
  • James 2:21-24 (allusion): Presents Abraham as an example of being ‘justified by works’ (offering Isaac), functioning as a counterpoint to Paul’s emphasis and engaging the same Abrahamic tradition.
  • Eph.2:8-9 (thematic): Affirms salvation/justification by grace through faith and explicitly excludes boasting based on works, paralleling the theological thrust of Rom 4:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For if Abraham was justified by works, he would have reason to boast—but not before God.
  • For if Abraham was counted righteous by works, he has something to boast about—but not before God.
3 For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.”

Rom.4.3 - Details

Original Text

τι γαρ η γραφη λεγει;Επιστευσεν δε Αβρααμ τω θεω και ελογισθη αυτω εις δικαιοσυνην.

Morphology

  • τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
  • γαρ: PART
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • γραφη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • Επιστευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ελογισθη: VERB,aor,pas,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The source text Paul cites verbatim — 'Abram believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness.' (Paul quotes this verse as foundational for justification by faith).
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (quotation): Paul again appeals to Abraham's believing as paradigmatic for justification by faith, arguing that the gospel's promise comes to those of faith as it did to Abraham (explicitly echoing Genesis 15:6).
  • James 2:23 (quotation): James cites 'Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness' to argue that genuine faith is demonstrated by works — he uses the same proof-text with a different application.{
  • Hebrews 11:8-12 (thematic): Uses Abraham as the exemplar of faith in action, narratively developing the implications of trusting God's promises — thematically connected to faith being credited as righteousness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • What does the Scripture say? 'Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness.'
  • For what does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness."
4 Now to the one who works, his wage is not reckoned as a gift but as a debt.

Rom.4.4 - Details

Original Text

τω δε εργαζομενω ο μισθος ου λογιζεται κατα χαριν αλλα κατα οφειλημα·

Morphology

  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • εργαζομενω: VERB,pres,mp,ptc,dat,sg,m
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • μισθος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ου: PART,neg
  • λογιζεται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
  • κατα: PREP
  • χαριν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • κατα: PREP
  • οφειλημα·: NOUN,acc,sg,n

Parallels

  • Rom.11:6 (verbal): Directly parallels the contrast between grace and works: if justification is by grace it is not on the basis of works, otherwise grace would cease to be grace — echoes the 'wage vs. gift' logic.
  • Eph.2:8-9 (thematic): Affirms salvation/justification is by grace through faith and not by works, reinforcing Paul's argument that righteousness is not earned as a wage.
  • Gal.2:16 (thematic): States that a person is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Christ Jesus — parallels Paul's point that works merit a debt, not gracious reckoning.
  • James 2:24 (thematic): Presents a contrasting emphasis that 'a person is justified by works,' engaging the same issue of whether righteousness is accounted as a wage (earned) or as faithful evidence — a key interlocutor to Paul's claim.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now to the one who works, his wage is not counted as a gift but as what is due.
  • Now to the one who works, his wage is not counted as a gift but as what is due.
5 But to the one who does not work, yet believes in the One who justifies the ungodly, his faith is reckoned as righteousness.

Rom.4.5 - Details

Original Text

τω δε μη εργαζομενω,πιστευοντι δε επι τον δικαιουντα τον ασεβη,λογιζεται η πιστις αυτου εις δικαιοσυνην,

Morphology

  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • μη: PART
  • εργαζομενω: VERB,pres,mp,ptc,dat,sg,m
  • πιστευοντι: VERB,pres,act,ptc,dat,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • επι: PREP
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • δικαιουντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • ασεβη: ADJ,acc,sg,m
  • λογιζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • πιστις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul explicitly echoes this verse—'Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness'—which is the foundational example for faith being credited as righteousness.
  • Romans 3:28 (thematic): Affirms the same principle that a person is justified by faith apart from works, paralleling the contrast between 'not working' and 'believing' in Rom 4:5.
  • Galatians 3:6 (verbal): Paul again cites Abraham's faith being 'counted for righteousness' to argue that believers are heirs by faith, showing the same use of Genesis 15:6.
  • James 2:23 (quotation): James cites the Genesis text—'Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness'—but uses it to discuss the relationship of faith and works, engaging the same proof-text.
  • Galatians 2:16 (thematic): States that one is justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, echoing Rom 4:5's contrast between works and faith as ground of justification.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But to the one who does not work, yet trusts the God who justifies the ungodly, his faith is counted as righteousness.
  • But to the one who does not work, yet believes in the one who declares the ungodly righteous, his faith is counted as righteousness.
6 And the Scriptures say this about David’s blessedness as well — of the one to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works:

Rom.4.6 - Details

Original Text

καθαπερ και Δαυιδ λεγει τον μακαρισμον του ανθρωπου ω ο θεος λογιζεται δικαιοσυνην χωρις εργων·

Morphology

  • καθαπερ: ADV
  • και: CONJ
  • Δαυιδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • μακαρισμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • λογιζεται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • χωρις: PREP,gen
  • εργων·: NOUN,gen,pl,n

Parallels

  • Psalm 32:1-2 (quotation): Paul here alludes directly to David’s blessing about the one whose sin is forgiven — the passage he quotes to show God counts righteousness apart from works.
  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The paradigmatic text for Paul’s argument that Abraham’s faith was 'reckoned as righteousness,' which Romans 4 contrasts with righteousness by works.
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (thematic): Paul repeats the Abraham-as-example argument in Galatians to demonstrate that the promise and justification come by faith, not by the law or works.
  • James 2:23 (verbal): James cites 'Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness' (Gen 15:6) in a discussion that intersects Paul’s theme, though with a different emphasis on faith and works.
  • Romans 4:5 (structural): Immediate context: contrasts the one who is 'counted righteous' apart from works with the worker — this verse frames the David quotation in the argument about faith versus works.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Likewise, David speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:
  • Even so David speaks of the blessedness of the person to whom God counts righteousness apart from works:
7 “Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Rom.4.7 - Details

Original Text

Μακαριοι ων αφεθησαν αι ανομιαι και ων επεκαλυφθησαν αι αμαρτιαι,

Morphology

  • Μακαριοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
  • ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
  • αφεθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
  • αι: ART,nom,pl,f
  • ανομιαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
  • και: CONJ
  • ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
  • επεκαλυφθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
  • αι: ART,nom,pl,f
  • αμαρτιαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f

Parallels

  • Psalm 32:1 (LXX 31:1) (quotation): Paul directly quotes the opening blessing of Psalm 32—'Blessed are those whose iniquities are forgiven'—as the source for Romans 4:7.
  • Psalm 32:2 (LXX 31:2) (quotation): The following clause of Psalm 32 ('blessed is the man to whom the LORD will not impute sin') is closely connected and is echoed in Romans 4:8, forming the rest of the citation context.
  • Psalm 103:2-3 (thematic): Affirms the theme that God forgives sins and heals iniquity—parallels the blessing associated with sins being forgiven and covered.
  • Isaiah 1:18 (thematic): God's offer to cleanse sins ('though your sins be as scarlet... they shall be as white as snow') parallels the motif of sins being forgiven/covered and the resulting blessedness.
  • Hebrews 10:17 (thematic): God's declaration that he will 'remember their sins no more' resonates with the idea that forgiven sins are effectively covered/removed, underlying the blessed state described in Romans 4:7.

Alternative generated candidates

  • 'Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, whose sins are covered.'
  • "Blessed are those whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered."
8 Blessed is the one to whom the Lord will not reckon sin.”

Rom.4.8 - Details

Original Text

μακαριος ανηρ ου ου μη λογισηται κυριος αμαρτιαν.

Morphology

  • μακαριος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ου: PART,neg
  • ου: PART,neg
  • μη: PART
  • λογισηται: VERB,pres,mp,ind,3,sg
  • κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • αμαρτιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Psalm 32:1-2 (MT)/Psalm 31:1-2 (LXX) (quotation): Romans 4:8 directly echoes/quotes David’s declaration of blessedness when the Lord does not impute sin (the source Paul cites).
  • Isaiah 43:25 (thematic): God’s promise to blot out transgressions and ‘not remember’ sins parallels the idea of sins not being imputed to the forgiven person.
  • 2 Corinthians 5:19 (verbal): Paul uses similar language about God ‘not counting’ or ‘not imputing’ people’s trespasses in the ministry of reconciliation in Christ.
  • Romans 4:3 (structural): In the same argument Paul says Abraham’s faith was ‘counted’ (imputed) as righteousness—structurally related to the parallel notion of sins not being counted (non-imputation).

Alternative generated candidates

  • 'Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not count sin.'
  • "Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not count sin."
9 Is this blessing then upon the circumcised, or upon the uncircumcised as well? For we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham as righteousness.

Rom.4.9 - Details

Original Text

Ο μακαρισμος ουν ουτος επι την περιτομην η και επι την ακροβυστιαν;λεγομεν γαρ·Ελογισθη τω Αβρααμ η πιστις εις δικαιοσυνην.

Morphology

  • Ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • μακαρισμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ουν: CONJ
  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • επι: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • περιτομην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • επι: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • ακροβυστιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • λεγομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
  • γαρ·Ελογισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • πιστις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The original statement cited by Paul: 'Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness.' Romans 4:9 appeals directly to this foundational example of faith counted as righteousness.
  • Galatians 3:6 (verbal): Paul again invokes Abraham's faith being 'counted for righteousness' to argue that membership in God's people is based on faith rather than ethnic status or the law (circumcision vs. uncircumcision).
  • James 2:23 (allusion): James quotes Genesis 15:6 ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness') to make a contrasting point—linking the credited faith to works—thus engaging the same text Paul cites about faith and righteousness.
  • Romans 3:28 (thematic): Paul's broader argument that 'a person is justified by faith apart from works of the law' undergirds the question in 4:9 about whether righteousness/blessing depends on circumcision (works) or on faith.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Is this blessedness then for the circumcised only, or also for the uncircumcised? For we say, 'Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness.'
  • Is this blessing then for the circumcised only, or also for the uncircumcised? For we say that faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness.
10 How then was it reckoned? Before or after he was circumcised? It was not after, but before he was circumcised.

Rom.4.10 - Details

Original Text

πως ουν ελογισθη;εν περιτομη οντι η εν ακροβυστια;ουκ εν περιτομη αλλ᾽εν ακροβυστια·

Morphology

  • πως: ADV
  • ουν: CONJ
  • ελογισθη: VERB,aor,pas,ind,3,sg
  • εν: PREP
  • περιτομη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • οντι: PART,pres,act,dat,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • ακροβυστια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εν: PREP
  • περιτομη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • αλλ᾽εν: CONJ
  • ακροβυστια·: NOUN,dat,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul appeals to Genesis 15:6 ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness') as the basis for arguing that Abraham's righteousness was reckoned because of faith, prior to the covenant sign of circumcision.
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (verbal): Paul repeats the argument that Abraham's faith was 'counted for righteousness' to show that the promise comes by faith and thus includes Gentiles—reinforcing that righteousness is prior to circumcision.
  • Romans 4:11 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same argument: v.11 explains that Abraham received circumcision as a sign and seal of the righteousness he already had by faith, directly following the question in v.10.
  • Romans 2:28-29 (thematic): Contrast between external circumcision and the inward, spiritual 'circumcision of the heart'—both passages deal with the true nature of belonging to God's people apart from mere physical rite.
  • Genesis 17:10-11 (allusion): Genesis 17 institutes circumcision as the covenant sign; Paul alludes to this background to argue that Abraham was declared righteous before that sign was given, so circumcision is not the basis of his justification.

Alternative generated candidates

  • How then was it counted? Was it before or after his circumcision? It was not after but before—
  • How then was it counted? Was it before or after he was circumcised? It was not after, but before.
11 And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of the faith he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe while uncircumcised — that righteousness might be reckoned to them.

Rom.4.11 - Details

Original Text

και σημειον ελαβεν περιτομης,σφραγιδα της δικαιοσυνης της πιστεως της εν τη ακροβυστια,εις το ειναι αυτον πατερα παντων των πιστευοντων δι᾽ακροβυστιας,εις το λογισθηναι αυτοις την δικαιοσυνην,

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • ελαβεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • περιτομης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • σφραγιδα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • δικαιοσυνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • πιστεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ακροβυστια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • ειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • πιστευοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
  • δι᾽ακροβυστιας: PREP,gen,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • λογισθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
  • αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Romans 4:3 (quotation): Paul immediately cites Gen 15:6 ('Abraham believed... and it was counted to him as righteousness') as the basis for his claim that righteousness is by faith — the same argument that undergirds v.11 about imputation of righteousness.
  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The original text that Paul appeals to: Abraham's faith is 'counted as righteousness.' Rom 4:11 builds on this to argue Abraham was declared righteous before circumcision.
  • Genesis 17:10-11 (allusion): Establishes circumcision as the sign/mark of the covenant given to Abraham. Rom 4:11 calls circumcision a 'sign'/'seal' and stresses Abraham received it after faith, so the promise precedes the rite.
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (structural): Paul repeats the argument that Abraham is 'father of all who believe' and that the gospel was announced to him in advance so that Gentiles are justified by faith, paralleling Rom 4:11's claim about fatherhood and imputed righteousness for the uncircumcised.
  • Romans 2:25-29 (thematic): Earlier in Romans Paul contrasts external circumcision with true, inward righteousness; Rom 4:11 similarly emphasizes that Abraham's righteousness was by faith (not by the external rite), so he is father of both circumcised and uncircumcised believers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. Thus he became the father of all who believe without being circumcised, so that righteousness might be credited to them—
  • He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of the faith that he had while he was still uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be counted to them.
12 And he is the father of circumcision to those who are not only of the circumcision, but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith our father Abraham had while uncircumcised.

Rom.4.12 - Details

Original Text

και πατερα περιτομης τοις ουκ εκ περιτομης μονον αλλα και τοις στοιχουσιν τοις ιχνεσιν της εν ακροβυστια πιστεως του πατρος ημων Αβρααμ.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • περιτομης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εκ: PREP
  • περιτομης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • μονον: ADV
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • και: CONJ
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • στοιχουσιν: PARTCP,pres,act,dat,pl,m
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • ιχνεσιν: NOUN,dat,pl,n
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • ακροβυστια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • πιστεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m

Parallels

  • Romans 4:9-11 (verbal): Immediate context: Paul argues Abraham was counted righteous before circumcision and therefore became 'father of circumcision' for those who follow his faith—same argument and language continued in 4:12.
  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The foundational citation Paul uses elsewhere in Romans to show Abraham's faith was credited as righteousness prior to the covenant sign of circumcision (grounds for calling him father of believers by faith).
  • Genesis 17:10-14 (allusion): The institution of circumcision as the covenant sign contrasts with Paul’s point that Abraham’s status as 'father' rests on faith prior to that sign; 4:12 engages this covenantal context.
  • Galatians 3:7-9 (thematic): Paul teaches that those of faith are Abraham’s offspring (children of the promise), paralleling Rom 4:12’s claim that uncircumcised believers share Abraham’s status by following his faith.
  • Romans 2:28-29 (thematic): Paul’s broader argument that true circumcision is inward (a matter of the heart) supports Rom 4:12’s emphasis that Abraham’s fatherhood extends to the uncircumcised who follow his faith.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he is also the father of the circumcised who not only are of the circumcision but who walk in the steps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.
  • And he is also the father of circumcision to those who are not only of the circumcision but who walk in the footsteps of the faith which our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.
13 For the promise that he would inherit the world did not come through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

Rom.4.13 - Details

Original Text

Ου γαρ δια νομου η επαγγελια τω Αβρααμ η τω σπερματι αυτου,το κληρονομον αυτον ειναι κοσμου,αλλα δια δικαιοσυνης πιστεως·

Morphology

  • Ου: PART,neg
  • γαρ: PART
  • δια: PREP
  • νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • επαγγελια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • σπερματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • κληρονομον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • ειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • δια: PREP
  • δικαιοσυνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • πιστεως·: NOUN,gen,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:5-6 (quotation): The original promise to Abraham about his offspring and the statement 'Abram believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness,' which Paul appeals to as the basis for righteousness by faith and the promise of inheritance.
  • Galatians 3:18 (verbal): Paul makes the same contrast: the inheritance does not come by the law but by the promise, echoing Romans 4:13's denial that the promise is through the law.
  • Galatians 3:29 (thematic): Links belonging to Christ with being Abraham's seed and 'heirs according to the promise,' connecting faith in Christ to the promised inheritance (heir of the world).
  • Romans 4:16 (structural): A close immediate parallel in Romans that develops the same point: the promise depends on faith so it may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all Abraham's offspring.
  • Habakkuk 2:4 (quotation): The Old Testament source for Paul's phrase 'righteousness of faith'—'the righteous shall live by his faith'—which undergirds the argument that the promise comes through faith, not law.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the promise to Abraham and to his offspring that he would be heir of the world did not come through the law but through the righteousness of faith.
  • For the promise to Abraham and his offspring that he should be heir of the world did not come through the law but through the righteousness of faith.
14 For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is nullified and the promise is broken.

Rom.4.14 - Details

Original Text

ει γαρ οι εκ νομου κληρονομοι,κεκενωται η πιστις και κατηργηται η επαγγελια·

Morphology

  • ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
  • γαρ: PART
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • κληρονομοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • κεκενωται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,pl
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • πιστις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • κατηργηται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • επαγγελια·: NOUN,nom,sg,f

Parallels

  • Romans 4:13 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same argument: the promise to Abraham and his offspring was through promise, not through the law—setting up the claim that law-based heirs would nullify the promise.
  • Galatians 3:18 (verbal): Uses nearly the same logic and language: if the inheritance is of the law, it is no longer by promise—direct verbal parallel to Rom 4:14’s assertion that law-heirs would make faith void and the promise null.
  • Galatians 3:11-12 (thematic): Develops the same theme that no one is justified by the law but by faith; the law requires works and thus cannot produce the promised righteousness, echoing Rom 4:14’s contrast between law and promise.
  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul’s foundational proof-text for Abraham’s righteousness by faith; the citation undergirds the contrast in Rom 4 (including 4:14) between promise-based inheritance and inheritance by the law.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is nullified and the promise is void.
  • For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise is nullified.
15 For the law brings wrath; and where there is no law there is no transgression.

Rom.4.15 - Details

Original Text

ο γαρ νομος οργην κατεργαζεται,ου δε ουκ εστιν νομος,ουδε παραβασις.

Morphology

  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • γαρ: PART
  • νομος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • οργην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • κατεργαζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
  • ου: PART,neg
  • δε: CONJ
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • νομος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ουδε: CONJ,neg
  • παραβασις: NOUN,nom,sg,f

Parallels

  • Rom.5:13 (verbal): Expresses the same idea in Pauline terms: sin existed before the law, but sin is not counted where there is no law (echoes 'where there is no law there is no transgression').
  • Rom.5:14 (thematic): Develops the theme that death and sin operated prior to Mosaic law (Adam to Moses), paralleling the distinction between presence/absence of law and liability for transgression.
  • Rom.3:20 (verbal): States that 'through the law comes knowledge of sin,' linking the law's role to exposing guilt and thus to provoking divine wrath, resonating with Rom 4:15's claim that the law yields wrath.
  • Rom.7:7 (verbal): Paul asks if the law is sin and answers that he would not have known sin except through the law—parallel emphasis on the law's function in producing awareness of sin and its consequences.
  • Gal.3:19 (thematic): Explains the law's purpose as added 'because of transgressions' until the coming of the promise—thematises the law's restraining/exposing role that relates to Rom 4:15's contrast between law, wrath, and transgression.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the law brings wrath; and where there is no law there is no transgression.
  • For the law brings wrath; and where there is no law there is no transgression.
16 Therefore it is by faith, that it may be according to grace — in order that the promise may rest upon all the offspring: not only upon those who are of the law, but also upon those who are of the faith of Abraham; he is the father of us all.

Rom.4.16 - Details

Original Text

Δια τουτο εκ πιστεως,ινα κατα χαριν,εις το ειναι βεβαιαν την επαγγελιαν παντι τω σπερματι,ου τω εκ του νομου μονον αλλα και τω εκ πιστεως Αβρααμ(ος εστιν πατηρ παντων ημων,

Morphology

  • Δια: PREP
  • τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
  • εκ: PREP
  • πιστεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • ινα: CONJ
  • κατα: PREP
  • χαριν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • ειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • βεβαιαν: ADJ,acc,sg,f
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • επαγγελιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • σπερματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • ου: PART,neg
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • μονον: ADV
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • και: CONJ
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • πιστεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul’s argument about Abraham’s status rests on Genesis 15:6 (‘Abram believed... and it was credited to him’), the OT basis for justification by faith and the promise to Abraham’s seed.
  • Galatians 3:16 (verbal): Paul’s discussion of ‘the promise to Abraham and his seed’ echoes Gal 3:16, where ‘seed’ (singular) is interpreted Christologically and central to the promise’s scope.
  • Galatians 3:7-9 (thematic): These verses develop the same theme that those of faith (not the law) are Abraham’s true children and beneficiaries of the promise—paralleling Rom 4:16’s ‘not of law but of faith.’
  • Romans 4:13 (structural): An internal parallel within Romans: 4:13 states the promise was to Abraham and his offspring as an inheritance, a premise Rom 4:16 builds on to argue promise comes through faith, not law.
  • Hebrews 11:8-12 (thematic): Hebrews recounts Abraham’s faith and God’s promise that he would be ‘father of many nations,’ linking faith, the promise of descendants, and Abraham as progenitor—echoing Rom 4:16’s ‘father of us all.’

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore it is by faith, in order that the promise may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all Abraham's offspring—not only to the adherents of the law but also to those who share the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.
  • That is why it depends on faith, in order that the promise may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all Abraham's offspring—if to those who are of the law, it is so; but also to those who share the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.
17 As it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations” — in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being the things that do not exist.

Rom.4.17 - Details

Original Text

καθως γεγραπται οτι Πατερα πολλων εθνων τεθεικα σε),κατεναντι ου επιστευσεν θεου του ζωοποιουντος τους νεκρους και καλουντος τα μη οντα ως οντα·

Morphology

  • καθως: CONJ
  • γεγραπται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
  • οτι: CONJ
  • Πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • πολλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
  • εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
  • τεθεικα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
  • σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
  • κατεναντι: PREP
  • ου: PART,neg
  • επιστευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • ζωοποιουντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • νεκρους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • καλουντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
  • τα: ART,acc,pl,n
  • μη: PART
  • οντα: PART,pres,act,acc,sg,m
  • ως: ADV
  • οντα·: PART,pres,act,acc,pl,n

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:5 (quotation): The OT source Paul cites: God’s promise to Abraham, 'I will make you a father of many nations,' which Paul introduces with 'as it is written.'
  • Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): Interprets Abraham’s faith as trusting God who can give life to the dead (as in the willingness to offer Isaac), echoing Romans’ language about God 'giving life to the dead.'
  • Psalm 33:9 (verbal): Speaks of God's creative word—'For he spoke, and it came to be'—paralleling 'calls into being the things that do not exist' (God creating by calling).
  • Galatians 3:7-9 (thematic): Paul’s ongoing argument that those of faith are Abraham’s children (i.e., heirs of the promise that makes him 'father of many nations'), linking faith to the promise cited in Rom 4:17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As it is written, 'I have made you the father of many nations'—in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being the things that are not.
  • As it is written, "I have made you the father of many nations"—in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being the things that are not.
18 In hope he believed against hope, hoping that he would become the father of many nations, according to what had been spoken, “So shall your offspring be.”

Rom.4.18 - Details

Original Text

ος παρ᾽ελπιδα επ᾽ελπιδι επιστευσεν εις το γενεσθαι αυτον πατερα πολλων εθνων κατα το ειρημενον·Ουτως εσται το σπερμα σου·

Morphology

  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • παρ᾽ελπιδα: PREP+NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • επ᾽ελπιδι: PREP+NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • επιστευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • εις: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • πολλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
  • εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
  • κατα: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • ειρημενον·Ουτως: PART,perf,pass,acc,sg,n+ADV
  • εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • σπερμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • σου·: PRON,gen,sg,2

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:5 (quotation): Romans 4:18 echoes and explicitly cites the promise 'So shall your seed be' (LXX/MT), where God points to the stars and promises Abraham innumerable offspring — the very promise appealed to as the basis for Abraham's hope.
  • Genesis 17:5 (quotation): The wording 'that he might become the father of many nations' recalls God's covenantal promise to Abraham in Genesis 17 ('I will make you a father of many nations'), which Paul invokes as the foundation of Abraham's hope.
  • Romans 4:3 (structural): Earlier in the same argument Paul cites Genesis 15:6 ('Abraham believed God') to establish that righteousness is by faith; Rom 4:18 continues that structural argument, showing Abraham's faith/hope in the divine promise.
  • Galatians 3:16 (verbal): Paul's treatment of the promise to 'seed' in Galatians (arguing that 'seed' refers to Christ) is a verbal and theological development of the same promise Paul cites in Romans 4:18 about Abraham's offspring, linking the Abrahamic promise to Christological fulfillment.
  • Hebrews 11:12 (thematic): Hebrews speaks of Abraham's descendants being as numerous as the stars and connects the promise to faith; this parallels Romans 4:18's theme of Abraham's hopeful trust in God's promise of innumerable offspring.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In hope against hope he believed, hoping that he would become the father of many nations, according to what had been spoken: 'So shall your offspring be.'
  • In hope he believed against hope, so that he might become the father of many nations, according to what had been spoken: "So shall your offspring be."
19 He did not weaken in faith when he considered his own body, already as good as dead (for he was about a hundred years old), nor the deadness of Sarah’s womb.

Rom.4.19 - Details

Original Text

και μη ασθενησας τη πιστει κατενοησεν το εαυτου σωμα νενεκρωμενον,εκατονταετης που υπαρχων,και την νεκρωσιν της μητρας Σαρρας,

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • μη: PART
  • ασθενησας: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,nom,m,sg
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • πιστει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • κατενοησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • εαυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • νενεκρωμενον: VERB,perf,pass,ptcp,acc,n,sg
  • εκατονταετης: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • που: ADV
  • υπαρχων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • νεκρωσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • μητρας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • Σαρρας: NOUN,gen,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:17 (verbal): Abraham is described as about a hundred years old and questions the possibility of a son—background narrative to Paul’s mention of Abraham’s ‘body…dead.’
  • Genesis 18:11-12 (verbal): Sarah’s barrenness and her incredulous laugh at the promise are narrated here (the ‘deadness of Sarah’s womb’ echoed in Romans 4:19).
  • Genesis 21:1-2 (thematic): The fulfillment motif: God enables Sarah to bear Isaac in her old age, showing the divine power behind the circumstance Paul cites.
  • Hebrews 11:11-12 (thematic): Hebrews portrays Sarah’s conception as an act of faith/trust in God’s promise—paralleling Paul’s argument about Abraham’s faith despite physical impossibility.
  • Luke 1:36-37 (thematic): The parallel of miraculous conception in old age (Elizabeth’s pregnancy) and the affirmation that nothing is impossible with God echoes the same theological point about God overcoming barrenness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He did not weaken in unbelief when he considered his own body, already dead—being about a hundred years old—and the deadness of Sarah's womb.
  • He did not weaken in unbelief when he considered his own body, already as good as dead (for he was about a hundred years old), or the deadness of Sarah's womb.
20 No unbelief made him waver concerning the promise of God; rather he was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God,

Rom.4.20 - Details

Original Text

εις δε την επαγγελιαν του θεου ου διεκριθη τη απιστια αλλα ενεδυναμωθη τη πιστει,δους δοξαν τω θεω

Morphology

  • εις: PREP
  • δε: CONJ
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • επαγγελιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • ου: PART,neg
  • διεκριθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • απιστια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • ενεδυναμωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • πιστει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • δους: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δοξαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): Paul’s underlying citation for Abraham’s status — 'Abram believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness' — the basis for arguing that Abraham’s faith (not unbelief) was credited to him.
  • Romans 4:21 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same argument: Abraham was 'fully convinced' that God could accomplish what He promised — a direct verbal and argumentative parallel to v.20’s stress on strengthened faith and giving glory to God.
  • Hebrews 11:1 (verbal): Defines faith as assurance and conviction ('the assurance of things hoped for'), paralleling the idea that Abraham’s faith was strong and trusting despite contrary circumstances.
  • Hebrews 11:8-12 (thematic): The hall-of-faith treatment of Abraham and Sarah emphasizes believing God’s promise against human expectation — the same theme of faith strengthened rather than weakened by unbelief.
  • James 2:21-24 (thematic): Uses Abraham’s faith (shown in his actions) to argue that true faith is active and real — complements Paul’s depiction of Abraham’s authentic, trustful faith that gave glory to God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God,
  • No unbelief made him waver concerning the promise of God, but he was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God,
21 and being fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised.

Rom.4.21 - Details

Original Text

και πληροφορηθεις οτι ο επηγγελται δυνατος εστιν και ποιησαι.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • πληροφορηθεις: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,nom,m,sg
  • οτι: CONJ
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • επηγγελται: VERB,perf,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
  • δυνατος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • και: CONJ
  • ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf

Parallels

  • Romans 4:20 (verbal): Immediate context: Paul repeats Abraham's unquestioning faith, using nearly the same language about being fully convinced God was able to fulfill his promise.
  • Romans 4:18 (thematic): Describes Abraham 'hoping against hope'—the same confident faith that trusts God's power to bring about the promised offspring despite natural impossibility.
  • Genesis 15:6 (verbal): The foundational Old Testament episode cited by Paul: Abraham's belief in God's promise is reckoned as righteousness, grounding the argument about trusting God's ability to fulfill his word.
  • Hebrews 6:13-18 (allusion): Uses God's oath and promise to Abraham to underscore God's faithfulness and power to bring his promises to pass, resonating with the claim that what God promised he is able to perform.
  • Galatians 3:6 (thematic): Paul again invokes Abraham's faith being counted as righteousness, applying the same principle of confident trust in God's power to fulfill his promises for believers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and being fully persuaded that what God had promised he was able also to perform.
  • fully convinced that what God had promised he was able also to perform.
22 Therefore it was reckoned to him as righteousness.

Rom.4.22 - Details

Original Text

διο ελογισθη αυτω εις δικαιοσυνην.

Morphology

  • διο: CONJ
  • ελογισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (verbal): The Vorlage: 'And he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness'—Paul cites this verse as the basis for declaring Abraham's faith 'counted as righteousness.'
  • Romans 4:3 (structural): Earlier in the same argument Paul explicitly quotes Genesis 15:6 ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness'), which sets up the conclusion restated in 4:22.
  • Romans 4:5 (thematic): Develops the same principle: faith (not works) is 'counted' or 'reckoned' as righteousness for the one who believes—Paul's kernel argument about justification by faith.
  • Galatians 3:6 (verbal): Paul reuses the Genesis formula ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness') to argue that the believer's justification by faith makes them heirs of the promise, extending the theological point of Rom 4:22.
  • James 2:23 (quotation): James also cites Genesis 15:6 ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness') but applies it to the relationship between faith and works, engaging the same text Paul cites in Rom 4:22 from a different perspective.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore it was counted to him as righteousness.
  • Therefore it was counted to him as righteousness.
23 Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was reckoned to him,

Rom.4.23 - Details

Original Text

Ουκ εγραφη δε δι᾽αυτον μονον οτι ελογισθη αυτω,

Morphology

  • Ουκ: PART,neg
  • εγραφη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • δι᾽αυτον: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,m
  • μονον: ADV
  • οτι: CONJ
  • ελογισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:6 (quotation): The original OT wording 'and he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness' that Paul is invoking—Romans 4:23 points back to this declaration about Abraham.
  • Romans 4:24 (structural): Immediate context: verse 23–24 extends the statement about Abraham's being 'counted' to include believers—showing Paul’s argument that the promise applies to us.
  • Galatians 3:6-9 (verbal): Paul again cites Abraham's faith being 'counted for righteousness' and develops the theme that the blessing of Abraham comes to Gentiles through faith.
  • James 2:23 (quotation): James quotes the same OT verse ('Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness') to make a point about faith and works, reflecting the same scriptural basis used in Romans.
  • 2 Corinthians 5:21 (thematic): Develops the doctrine of imputation—'one righteous for us'/'righteousness credited to believers'—parallel theological theme to Paul's point in Romans 4 about righteousness being accounted to the faithful.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was counted to him,
  • Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was counted to him,
24 but also for us, to whom it will be reckoned — to us who believe in the One who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,

Rom.4.24 - Details

Original Text

αλλα και δι᾽ημας οις μελλει λογιζεσθαι,τοις πιστευουσιν επι τον εγειραντα Ιησουν τον κυριον ημων εκ νεκρων,

Morphology

  • αλλα: CONJ
  • και: CONJ
  • δι᾽ημας: PREP+PRON,acc,pl,1
  • οις: PRON,dat,pl,m
  • μελλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • λογιζεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • πιστευουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
  • επι: PREP
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • εγειραντα: PART,aor,act,acc,sg,m
  • Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • κυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • εκ: PREP
  • νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m

Parallels

  • Rom.10:9 (verbal): Both verses link faith in the one who raised Jesus from the dead with saving/justifying effect—Rom.10:9 explicitly: believe in your heart that God raised him and you will be saved.
  • Rom.8:11 (verbal): Uses the same language about 'the one who raised Jesus from the dead' and connects that raising to life-giving power for believers, echoing the grounds for faith in Rom 4:24.
  • 1 Cor.15:14-17 (thematic): Argues that the resurrection is essential to the validity and saving power of Christian faith—if Christ has not been raised, faith is futile—paralleling Rom.4:24's emphasis on belief in the resurrection.
  • Gal.2:16 (thematic): Affirms justification is by faith in Christ (not works), reflecting Rom.4's claim that righteousness is 'reckoned' to those who believe in the risen Lord.
  • Phil.3:9 (thematic): Paul's desire to be found in righteousness 'through faith in Christ' (not by works) parallels Rom.4's claim that faith—specifically faith tied to Christ's resurrection—is the basis for being counted righteous.

Alternative generated candidates

  • but for ours also. It will be counted to us who believe in him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,
  • but for us also, to whom it will be counted—if we believe in him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,
25 who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.

Rom.4.25 - Details

Original Text

ος παρεδοθη δια τα παραπτωματα ημων και ηγερθη δια την δικαιωσιν ημων.

Morphology

  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • παρεδοθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • δια: PREP
  • τα: ART,acc,pl,n
  • παραπτωματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • και: CONJ
  • ηγερθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • δια: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • δικαιωσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1

Parallels

  • 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 (quotation): Paul's concise gospel: Christ died for our sins and was buried/raised on the third day — directly echoes 'delivered for our trespasses and raised for our justification.'
  • Isaiah 53:5-6 (allusion): The Suffering Servant bears our transgressions and is punished for our iniquities; Romans applies this prophetic motif to Jesus' death and its atoning, justification purpose.
  • Romans 3:24-26 (structural): Immediate context: Paul argues God has provided justification through Christ by demonstrating righteousness in the sacrificial death and vindicating resurrection — same theological move as Rom 4:25.
  • 2 Corinthians 5:21 (thematic): Christ was treated as sin on our behalf so that we might become righteous; complements the idea that he was delivered for our trespasses and raised for our justification.
  • 1 Peter 2:24 (verbal): Jesus 'bore our sins' in his body on the tree and by his wounds we are healed — language and substitutionary atonement motif parallel Rom 4:25's 'for our trespasses.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.
  • who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.

What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, discovered?

For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.

For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.” Now to the one who works, his wage is not reckoned as a gift but as a debt. But to the one who does not work, yet believes in the One who justifies the ungodly, his faith is reckoned as righteousness. And the Scriptures say this about David’s blessedness as well — of the one to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Blessed is the one to whom the Lord will not reckon sin.”

Is this blessing then upon the circumcised, or upon the uncircumcised as well? For we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham as righteousness.

How then was it reckoned? Before or after he was circumcised? It was not after, but before he was circumcised. And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of the faith he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe while uncircumcised — that righteousness might be reckoned to them. And he is the father of circumcision to those who are not only of the circumcision, but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith our father Abraham had while uncircumcised.

For the promise that he would inherit the world did not come through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is nullified and the promise is broken.

For the law brings wrath; and where there is no law there is no transgression.

Therefore it is by faith, that it may be according to grace — in order that the promise may rest upon all the offspring: not only upon those who are of the law, but also upon those who are of the faith of Abraham; he is the father of us all.

As it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations” — in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being the things that do not exist.

In hope he believed against hope, hoping that he would become the father of many nations, according to what had been spoken, “So shall your offspring be.”

He did not weaken in faith when he considered his own body, already as good as dead (for he was about a hundred years old), nor the deadness of Sarah’s womb.

No unbelief made him waver concerning the promise of God; rather he was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God,

and being fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised.

Therefore it was reckoned to him as righteousness. Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was reckoned to him,

but also for us, to whom it will be reckoned — to us who believe in the One who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,

who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.