The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb
Revelation 5:1-14
Rev.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δεξιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- καθημενου: PART,pres,mid,gen,m,sg
- επι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- γεγραμμενον: VERB,perf,pass,part,nom,sg,n
- εσωθεν: ADV
- και: CONJ
- οπισθεν: ADV
- κατεσφραγισμενον: PART,perf,pass,acc,sg,n
- σφραγισιν: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
Parallels
- Ezekiel 2:9–3:3 (verbal): A heavenly roll described as written on the inside and the outside; the Ezekiel scroll language (written within and without) is echoed in Revelation and the motif of receiving/consuming a prophetic scroll links the passages.
- Daniel 12:4 (allusion): Daniel is told to 'shut up the words and seal the book until the time of the end,' paralleling the idea of a sealed book/scroll reserved for eschatological revelation in Revelation 5.
- Isaiah 29:11–12 (allusion): Isaiah speaks of a vision/word that is 'sealed' and delivered to the unlearned, reflecting the theme of sealed, inaccessible revelation that must be opened in the last days.
- Revelation 10:8–11 (structural): John is commanded to take and eat a heavenly scroll (echoing Ezekiel); the imagery of a divine book containing prophetic content and its consumption/reading continues the scroll motif within Revelation's narrative.
- Psalm 40:7 (Hebrews 10:7) (thematic): The motif of a 'scroll of the book' containing God's purposes (here cited messianically in the NT) connects the idea that a written divine plan is being revealed/realized—resonant with the sealed scroll in God's right hand.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I saw on the right hand of him who sat on the throne a scroll written within and on the back, sealed with seven seals.
- Then I saw in the right hand of him who sat upon the throne a scroll written within and on its back, sealed with seven seals.
Rev.5.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αγγελον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ισχυρον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- κηρυσσοντα: VERB,pres,act,ptc,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη·Τις: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- αξιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ανοιξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- λυσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- σφραγιδας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Rev.10:1-3 (structural): Another scene in Revelation with a mighty angel and a loud proclamation coupled to a scroll/book motif (angelic voice, book/scroll imagery); echoes the same dramatic, judicial disclosure structure.
- Dan.12:4,9 (allusion): Daniel speaks of words being 'sealed' until the time of the end (sealed book/scroll), a background for Revelation's sealed scroll and the question who may open it.
- Isa.29:11-12 (verbal): Isaiah presents a 'sealed' book/vision that cannot be read ('I cannot, for it is sealed'), language and motif paralleled in the question about who is worthy to open the sealed book.
- Dan.7:10 (thematic): The heavenly courtroom motif where 'books were opened' at judgment resonates with Revelation's sealed scroll and the concern over who may unseal and enact divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, "Who is worthy to open the scroll and to break its seals?"
- And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to take the scroll and to open its seals?
Rev.5.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εδυνατο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- υποκατω: ADV
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ανοιξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ουτε: CONJ
- βλεπειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
Parallels
- Isaiah 29:11-12 (quotation): Speaks of a sealed book that a person is unable to read—'Read this... I cannot; for it is sealed'—a close verbal and thematic parallel to the sealed scroll that no one can open.
- Daniel 12:4,9 (allusion): Daniel is instructed to 'shut up the words and seal the book' until the end and told the words are 'closed up and sealed'—background for Revelation's sealed scroll motif.
- Revelation 10:4 (structural): Within Revelation another instance of material being sealed: John is told to 'seal up' the utterances of the seven thunders, reflecting the book/scroll-sealing program in the book.
- Revelation 22:10 (structural): By contrast John is later commanded 'Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book,' highlighting the theme of sealed versus unsealed revelation across Revelation.
- Philippians 2:10 (verbal): Uses the same triadic formula 'in heaven and on earth and under the earth,' echoed here in the negation 'no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth,' underscoring the universal scope of inability.
Alternative generated candidates
- And no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it.
- And no one in heaven or on the earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it.
Rev.5.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- εκλαιον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- πολυ: ADV
- οτι: CONJ
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- αξιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ευρεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ανοιξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ουτε: CONJ
- βλεπειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτο·: PRON,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Revelation 5:5 (structural): Immediate narrative resolution to v.4: an elder announces the 'Lion of the tribe of Judah' who has triumphed and therefore can open the sealed scroll.
- Isaiah 29:11-12 (allusion): Speaks of a vision like 'the words of a sealed book' that cannot be read—parallels the motif of a sealed/closed book inaccessible to human readers.
- Ezekiel 3:1-3 (allusion): The prophet is commanded to eat a written scroll (the word of the LORD), linking the imagery of a divine book/scroll, its content, and the reception of revelation.
- Daniel 7:13-14 (thematic): The 'one like a son of man' receives dominion and authority—parallels the figure in Revelation who is given the right to open the scroll and execute God's purposes.
- John 1:29 (verbal): John identifies Jesus as 'the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world,' connecting New Testament Lamb imagery to Revelation's Lamb who alone is worthy to open the scroll.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I began to weep loudly because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it.
- And I began to weep greatly because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it.
Rev.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πρεσβυτερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι·Μη: PRON,dat,1,sg+PART,neg
- κλαιε·ιδου: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg+INTJ
- ενικησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λεων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- φυλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Ιουδα: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ριζα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ανοιξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- σφραγιδας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Genesis 49:9-10 (verbal): Jacob’s blessing calls Judah a 'lion' and promises the scepter to Judah—source of the 'Lion of the tribe of Judah' title and its royal/kingly implication.
- Isaiah 11:1,10 (allusion): Speaks of a shoot/root from Jesse (David’s line) who will rule the nations; provides the Old Testament background for 'the Root of David' imagery.
- Romans 15:12 (quotation): Paul cites Isaiah's 'Root of Jesse' prophecy and applies it to Christ; parallels Revelation’s use of Davidic‑root language to identify the Messiah.
- Revelation 22:16 (verbal): Jesus explicitly identifies himself as 'the Root and the Offspring of David,' directly echoing and confirming Revelation 5:5’s Davidic title.
- Colossians 2:15 (thematic): Describes Christ's decisive victory over rulers and powers—theological parallel to the statement 'he has triumphed' in Revelation 5:5, which grounds his authority to open the scroll.
Alternative generated candidates
- And one of the elders said to me, "Weep no more; behold, the Lion that is of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered—he can open the scroll and its seven seals."
- Then one of the elders said to me, Weep no more; behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has prevailed—he can take the scroll and open its seven seals.
Rev.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- μεσω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- τεσσαρων: NUM,gen,pl,m
- ζωων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- μεσω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πρεσβυτερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αρνιον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εστηκος: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- ως: ADV
- εσφαγμενον: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,n
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- οφθαλμους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- πνευματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- απεσταλμενοι: VERB,perf,pas,part,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- πασαν: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 1:4 (verbal): Both passages explicitly mention the 'seven spirits' associated with the throne, linking the Lamb’s seven eyes to the same sevenfold Spirit imagery found in the greeting.
- Revelation 4:5 (verbal): The seven lamps of fire before the throne are identified as the seven spirits of God, directly connecting the throne‑scene symbolism to the Lamb’s seven eyes/spirits in Rev 5:6.
- Isaiah 11:2 (thematic): Isaiah’s description of the Spirit in a sevenfold expression provides the Old Testament background for the 'seven spirits of God' motif applied to the Messiah/Lamb.
- Isaiah 53:7 (thematic): The Lamb 'standing as though slain' echoes the suffering‑servant language of a silent, sacrificial lamb led to slaughter, grounding Revelation’s Lamb in the servant‑suffering tradition.
- Daniel 7:8 (allusion): Daniel’s vision portrays horns and an extraordinary horn with eyes — Revelation’s image of seven horns and seven eyes evokes the horn/eye symbolism of power and perception found in Daniel’s beast visions.
Alternative generated candidates
- And between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain. He had seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.
- And between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.
Rev.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ειληφεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- δεξιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- καθημενου: PART,pres,mid,gen,m,sg
- επι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 5:1 (structural): Immediate context: introduces the sealed scroll in the right hand of the One on the throne, which the Lamb subsequently takes (sets the scene for 5:7).
- Ezekiel 2:9–3:3 (thematic): Prophet receives a scroll from God’s hand and is commanded to eat it—parallel motif of a divine/person receiving a scroll from the hand of God (commission and revelation).
- Psalm 110:1 (allusion): Royal/enthronement language about one seated at God’s right hand; grounds the motif of authority and the significance of the right hand in Revelation’s throne scene.
- Hebrews 1:3 (verbal): Speaks of Christ sitting at the right hand of the Majesty on high—echoes the imagery of enthronement and divine authority connected with the right hand in Rev 5:7.
- Acts 7:55–56 (thematic): Stephen’s vision of Jesus at the right hand of God; parallels the heavenly throne‑vision and the presence of the exalted figure whose right hand bears authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he came and took the scroll from the right hand of him who sat on the throne.
- And he went and took the scroll from the right hand of him who sat upon the throne.
Rev.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- οτε: CONJ
- ελαβεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- τεσσαρα: NUM,card,pl
- ζωα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εικοσι: NUM,card
- τεσσαρες: NUM,card
- πρεσβυτεροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- επεσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- εκαστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- κιθαραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- φιαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- χρυσας: ADJ,acc,pl,f
- γεμουσας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,f
- θυμιαματων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- προσευχαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αγιων·: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 8:3-4 (verbal): Another scene links incense with 'the prayers of the saints' and a golden censer/altar; closely echoes the language and cultic image of prayers rising as incense.
- Psalm 141:2 (verbal): Direct Old Testament antecedent for the metaphor of prayer as incense: 'Let my prayer be counted as incense before you,' which Revelation applies to the golden bowls.
- Revelation 4:10 (structural): Same liturgical posture: the twenty‑four elders fall down before the throne (or Lamb) in worship, indicating continuity of heavenly worship scenes.
- Exodus 30:1-10 (allusion): Description of the golden altar of incense and cultic burning in the tabernacle provides the priestly/temple background for golden bowls of incense as offerings (and thus for prayers) in Revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.
- And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each held a harp and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.
Rev.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αδουσιν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ωδην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- καινην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- λεγοντες·Αξιος: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- λαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βιβλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ανοιξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- σφραγιδας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εσφαγης: VERB,aor,pass,part,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ηγορασας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αιματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- εκ: PREP
- πασης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- φυλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- γλωσσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- λαου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εθνους: NOUN,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Rev.5:8-10 (structural): Immediate literary context: the heavenly song continues, identifying the Lamb as slain and describing the redeemed and their new status (kingdom/priests), directly linked to 5:9's language and function within the vision.
- Rev.7:9-10 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language — a great multitude 'from every tribe and tongue and people and nation' praising God — echoing 5:9's description of the redeemed's universal composition and praise.
- Isaiah 53:7-12 (allusion): The servant-song theme of one 'cut off/ slain' who bears the transgressions of many and brings in the nations provides the theological background for calling the Lamb 'slain' and for the redemptive, vicarious character of his blood in 5:9.
- Acts 20:28 (verbal): Paul's charge that the church was 'purchased with [God's/Christ's] blood' parallels the economic/redeeming language of 5:9 ('you purchased for God by your blood'), applying the blood-purchase imagery to the community of believers.
- 1 Peter 1:18-19 (verbal): Peter's motif of believers being 'ransomed... with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish' echoes both the 'blood' redemption language and the lamb imagery found in Revelation 5:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they sang a new song, saying, "Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God from every tribe and tongue and people and nation.
- And they sang a new song, saying, Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God from every tribe and language and people and nation.
Rev.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εποιησας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ιερεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- βασιλευουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Exodus 19:6 (verbal): Uses the phrase and idea 'a kingdom of priests'—the covenantal pattern of God's people constituted as a priestly kingdom, which Revelation applies to the redeemed.
- 1 Peter 2:9 (verbal): Declares believers to be 'a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation,' echoing Revelation's language of kingship and priesthood for God's people.
- Revelation 1:6 (verbal): Same Johannine claim that Christ 'has made us a kingdom and priests to his God and Father,' a direct Revelation-wide statement of the believer's status.
- Revelation 20:6 (thematic): Speaks of those who are 'priests of God and of Christ' and who 'reign with him,' paralleling the eschatological reign-on-earth motif of Rev 5:10.
- Daniel 7:27 (allusion): Prophesies that 'the kingdom and dominion' will be given to the saints of the Most High—an Old Testament antecedent to the giving of kingship and authority to God's people in Revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they will reign on the earth."
- And you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on the earth.
Rev.5.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- πολλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- κυκλω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ζωων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πρεσβυτερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αριθμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- μυριαδες: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- μυριαδων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- χιλιαδες: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- χιλιαδων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
Parallels
- Daniel 7:10 (verbal): Vision of the heavenly court where 'thousands upon thousands' and 'ten thousand times ten thousand' attend the Ancient of Days — a verbal and numeric echo of Revelation's 'myriads of myriads' imagery.
- Revelation 7:9-11 (structural): A parallel throne-scene featuring an uncountable multitude before the Lamb/Throne and the angels/elders praising God; closely related in setting and liturgical response.
- Revelation 4:4-8 (structural): Immediately related throne-vision with twenty-four elders and the four living creatures surrounding the throne, offering continuous praise — same cast of heavenly worshippers and ritual context.
- Isaiah 6:1-3 (allusion): Isaiah's exalted throne-vision where seraphim proclaim 'Holy, holy, holy' provides an Old Testament precedent and theological echo for Revelation's heavenly liturgy and throne-theophany.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I looked, and I heard the voice of many angels surrounding the throne and the living creatures and the elders; and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands of thousands.
- Then I looked, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne and the living creatures and the elders; and the number of them was myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands,
Rev.5.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,masc
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη·Αξιον: ADJ,nom,sg,f+ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αρνιον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εσφαγμενον: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,nom,sg,n
- λαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δυναμιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- πλουτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- σοφιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ισχυν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τιμην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- δοξαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ευλογιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.4.11 (verbal): A parallel doxology in the same book: both proclaim 'Worthy are you... to receive glory and honor and power.' Revelation 5:12 applies the formula to the Lamb and expands the catalogue of attributes.
- Rev.5.9-10 (structural): Immediate context: earlier verses identify the Lamb as the one slain who purchased a people and constituted them a kingdom—5:12 continues this by declaring the slain Lamb worthy to receive power, riches, wisdom, etc.
- Daniel 7.14 (thematic): The Son of Man is given dominion, glory and a kingdom—an Old Testament precedent for bestowing sovereign authority and honor on an eschatological figure, echoed in the Lamb's reception of power and glory.
- 1 Chronicles 29.11 (verbal): A Hebrew doxology (LXX reflected in Greek tradition) listing greatness, power, glory, victory and majesty—language and motifs similar to the litany of attributes ascribed to God/the ruler in Rev 5:12.
- Jude 25 (verbal): A New Testament doxology that ascribes 'glory, majesty, dominion and authority' to God through Jesus Christ—closely related vocabulary and theomorphic/Christological praise found in Revelation 5:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cried with a loud voice, "Worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive power and riches and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!"
- saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive power and riches and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing.
Rev.5.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- κτισμα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- υποκατω: ADV
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- θαλασσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- λεγοντας·Τω: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- καθημενω: PART,perf,pass,ptcp,dat,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θρονω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αρνιω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ευλογια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τιμη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- κρατος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εις: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αιωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αιωνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Rev 5:12 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel within the same scene — a doxology about the Lamb and the One on the throne using similar language of worthiness, praise, and dominion.
- Rev 4:11 (thematic): Throne-centered praise by heavenly beings for the Creator; connects the theme of all creation giving glory and honour to the One who sits on the throne.
- Phil 2:9-11 (thematic): Universal submission and praise of Jesus (every knee/flesh confessing) and exaltation language that echoes the cosmic, all-creation worship in Revelation 5:13.
- Jude 1:25 (verbal): A one-verse doxology that ascribes glory, majesty, dominion, and power to God through Jesus Christ — vocabulary and doxological form parallel to Rev 5:13.
- Isa 45:23 (allusion): Old Testament precedent for universal homage (‘every knee shall bow’/‘to me every knee shall bow’), providing a theological background for the cosmic acclamation in Revelation 5:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying, "To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever."
- And I heard every creature in heaven and on the earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying, To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever.
Rev.5.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- τεσσαρα: NUM,card,pl
- ζωα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- ελεγον·Αμην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πρεσβυτεροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- επεσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- προσεκυνησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Rev.4.9-11 (verbal): The four living creatures and the elders repeatedly worship the One on the throne; language of falling down and giving glory, honor, and thanks parallels the action in Rev 5:14.
- Rev.5.8-10 (structural): Immediate context: the elders fall down before the Lamb, sing a new song, and as the scene of worship culminates the creatures say 'Amen' and the elders worship (direct intra‑chapter parallel).
- Rev.7.11-12 (verbal): Angels, elders, and the living creatures fall on their faces and worship around the throne; the acclamatory liturgy and communal worship echo Rev 5:14's scene and language.
- Rev.11:16-17 (structural): The twenty‑four elders fall on their faces and worship God who lives forever—same ritual posture and words of worship as in Rev 5:14.
- Isaiah 6:1-3 (thematic): Heavenly beings (seraphim) around the divine throne cry aloud and worship ('Holy, holy, holy'), serving as an Old Testament prototype for Revelation's throne‑room worship scenes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the four living creatures said, "Amen!" and the elders fell down and worshiped.
- And the four living creatures said, Amen! and the elders fell down and worshiped.
Then I saw in the right hand of him who sat on the throne a scroll written within and on the back, sealed with seven seals. And I saw a mighty angel proclaiming with a loud voice, "Who is worthy to open the scroll and to break its seals?" And no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it. And I began to weep greatly because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. And one of the elders said to me, "Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has prevailed to open the scroll and its seven seals." And I looked, and between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders stood a Lamb as though it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.
He went and took the scroll from the right hand of him who sat on the throne. And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb; each one had a harp and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. And they sang a new song, saying, "Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you purchased for God people from every tribe and language and people and nation." And you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they will reign over the earth.
Then I looked, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne and the living creatures and the elders; the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands of thousands.
They sang with a loud voice, "Worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive power and riches and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!" And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying, "To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever!" And the four living creatures said, "Amen." And the twenty-four elders fell down and worshiped him who lives forever and ever.