Exhortations to Persevere, Pray, and Show Mercy
Jude 1:17-23
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Revelation
Jude.1.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- αγαπητοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- μνησθητε: VERB,aor,pas,imp,2,pl
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ρηματων: NOUN,gen,pl,neut
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- προειρημενων: PART,perf,pass,gen,pl,n
- υπο: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αποστολων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Peter 3:2 (verbal): Uses almost identical language and exhortation — urges readers to remember the words spoken previously, explicitly linking memory of prophetic/apostolic instruction.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:15 (thematic): Paul commands believers to stand firm and hold to the traditions taught by the apostles (by word or letter), paralleling Jude’s call to remember apostolic teaching.
- Acts 2:42 (thematic): Describes the early church’s devotion to 'the apostles' teaching,' reflecting the same concern for attentive retention and transmission of apostolic instruction.
- Ephesians 2:20 (structural): Portrays the church as built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, implying the authoritative and foundational status of the apostles’ words that Jude urges believers to remember.
- 1 Corinthians 11:2 (verbal): Paul commends the Corinthians for remembering and holding to the traditions he passed on—sharing the verb 'remember' and the theme of preserving apostolic instruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- But you, beloved, remember the words spoken beforehand by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ.
- But you, beloved, remember the words spoken beforehand by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Jude.1.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- ελεγον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- υμιν·Επ᾽εσχατου: PRON,dat,2,pl+PREP+ADJ,gen,sg,m
- χρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- εμπαικται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- κατα: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- εαυτων: PRON,gen,pl,3
- επιθυμιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- πορευομενοι: VERB,pres,mp,part,masc,pl
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ασεβειων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- 2 Peter 3:3 (verbal): Almost identical wording: warns that 'in the last days scoffers will come, following their own desires,' echoing Jude's claim.
- 2 Timothy 3:1-5 (thematic): Describes characteristics of people 'in the last days' — lovers of self and pleasure and given to passions — paralleling Jude's picture of those following their own desires.
- Romans 1:24-27 (thematic): Speaks of God 'giving them over' to dishonorable passions and sexual lusts, illustrating the moral consequence and behavior of people who follow their own desires.
- 2 Peter 2:10-12 (thematic): Portrays false teachers and scoffers as arrogant, indulging sensual passions and blaspheming — closely aligning with Jude's description of mockers who follow their own ungodly desires.
Alternative generated candidates
- They said to you that in the last time there would be scoffers who walk according to their own ungodly desires.
- They said to you that in the last time there would be scoffers, walking according to their own ungodly desires.
Jude.1.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αποδιοριζοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ψυχικοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μη: PART
- εχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 2:14 (verbal): Uses the term ψυχικός ('natural/soulish') and contrasts such persons with the things/understanding of the Spirit—parallel language and concept to 'ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες.'
- Romans 8:9 (verbal): Explicit statement that anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him—directly parallels Jude's designation of people as 'not having the Spirit.'
- 1 Corinthians 3:3 (thematic): Paul calls believers 'fleshly/carnal' (σώματικοί/σαρκικοί) and behaving like mere humans; thematically similar to Jude's charge of those who are worldly/separating themselves and lacking the Spirit.
- Galatians 5:16-17 (thematic): Contrast between walking by the Spirit and gratifying the flesh; those who lack the Spirit follow fleshly desires—echoes Jude's depiction of spiritually deficient, separating persons.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the ones who cause divisions; they are worldly-minded, lacking the Spirit.
- These are the ones who cause divisions; they are worldly, devoid of the Spirit.
Jude.1.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- αγαπητοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- εποικοδομουντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- εαυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- αγιωτατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- πιστει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αγιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
- προσευχομενοι: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Ephesians 6:18 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — both speak of praying "in the Spirit" (πνεύματι), emphasizing prayer empowered/directed by the Holy Spirit.
- Romans 8:26-27 (thematic): Thematic link — Jude's instruction to pray in the Holy Spirit corresponds to Paul's teaching that the Spirit aids our weakness and intercedes for us in prayer.
- Colossians 2:6-7 (structural): Structural and verbal affinity — imagery of being "built up"/"rooted and built up in him, established in the faith" parallels Jude's call to build yourselves up in the (most) holy faith.
- 1 Peter 2:2-3 (thematic): Thematic parallel — both passages urge spiritual growth and maturation (longing for spiritual nourishment/growth; building up in the faith) as the appropriate response of believers.
Alternative generated candidates
- But you, beloved, build yourselves up in your most holy faith; pray in the Holy Spirit.
- But you, beloved, build yourselves up in your most holy faith; pray in the Holy Spirit;
Jude.1.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εαυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- αγαπη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τηρησατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- προσδεχομενοι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,nom,m,pl
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ελεος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- John 15:9-10 (verbal): Jesus: “Abide in my love” — the same verb/command to remain within God’s love, linked to obedience as the means of abiding.
- 1 John 4:16-17 (thematic): God is love; believers are called to abide in that love and thus have confidence/assurance at the final judgment, echoing preservation in God’s love.
- Titus 2:11-13 (thematic): Believers are to live godly lives while waiting for the 'blessed hope' — the appearing of Christ — a parallel to awaiting the Lord’s mercy which leads to eternal life.
- 2 Peter 3:11-14 (structural): Exhortation to live holy and diligent lives while waiting for the day of the Lord so believers may be found unblemished — parallels Jude’s call to keep yourselves and await mercy unto eternal life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Keep yourselves in the love of God, awaiting the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.
- keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.
Jude.1.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- μεν: PART
- ελεατε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- διακρινομενους: PART,pres,mid/pass,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Galatians 6:1 (thematic): Instruction to restore a brother overtaken in sin gently—parallel concern for mercy and differentiated treatment of those who have erred.
- 2 Timothy 2:25 (thematic): Calls for patient, humble correction of opponents so they might repent—similar emphasis on merciful, careful engagement with those led astray.
- James 5:19-20 (verbal): Speaks of turning a sinner from wandering and saving his soul—shares Jude’s language and goal of rescuing those in danger of spiritual ruin.
- Matthew 18:15-17 (structural): Prescribes a graduated process for addressing a sinning brother with the aim of restoration—parallels Jude’s practical concern for how to treat erring persons.
- Luke 10:33-34 (thematic): The Good Samaritan’s compassionate rescue of the wounded man models merciful action toward someone in peril, echoing Jude’s call to have mercy on the distressed.
Alternative generated candidates
- And have mercy on some who are wavering;
- And have mercy on those who doubt;
Jude.1.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- σωζετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- εκ: PREP
- πυρος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αρπαζοντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- ελεατε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- εν: PREP
- φοβω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- μισουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εσπιλωμενον: PART,perf,pass,acc,sg,m
- χιτωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- James 5:19-20 (thematic): Both urge fellow believers to restore sinners so as to ‘save’ them from death; emphasis on bringing someone back from error and the salvific result echoes Jude’s call to rescue others.
- 2 Timothy 2:24-26 (thematic): Commands servants of the Lord to correct opponents with gentleness and patience so they may come to repentance and escape the devil’s snare—parallels Jude’s counsel to show mercy with fear in order to rescue.
- Zechariah 3:3-5 (allusion): The image of filthy garments and their removal (Joshua’s soot‑covered clothes replaced by clean robes) corresponds to Jude’s language about hating even the garment stained by the flesh.
- 2 Peter 2:20-22 (structural): Shares theme and vocabulary with Jude regarding those who fall back into defilement after knowing the way of righteousness; both texts contrast rescue/mercy with the danger of renewed corruption.
- Revelation 7:14 (thematic): The motif of robes washed white (the redeemed who have come out of great tribulation) provides a theological counterpoint to Jude’s image of garments stained by the flesh—salvation as cleansing and restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- and save others, snatching them out of the fire; to others show mercy with fear, hating even the garment stained by the flesh.
- save others by snatching them out of the fire; and others, with fear, show mercy—hating even the garment stained by the flesh.
But you, beloved, remember the words spoken beforehand by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ,
that they said to you, "In the last time there will be mockers who follow their own ungodly desires."
These are the ones who cause divisions; they are worldly, sensual, not having the Spirit. But you, beloved, build yourselves up in your most holy faith; pray in the Holy Spirit,
keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life. And have mercy on some who are in doubt;
save others by snatching them out of the fire; and on some have mercy with fear, hating even the garment defiled by the flesh.