Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment
Jeremiah 8:4-9:26
Jer.8.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- היפלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יקומו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אם: CONJ
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 8:15 (verbal): Uses similar language of stumbling and falling as divine judgment—people ‘shall stumble’/‘shall fall’ when they reject God, echoing Jeremiah’s ‘they shall fall and not rise.’
- Isaiah 3:8 (verbal): Announces the fall of Jerusalem/Judah with the same fallen‑state imagery (’Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen’), paralleling Jeremiah’s proclamation of irreversible collapse.
- Hosea 4:6 (thematic): Links the theme of judgment to the people’s failure to heed instruction (‘My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge’), explaining why those warned ‘fall and do not rise.’
- Proverbs 1:24–26 (thematic): God’s warning rejected brings sudden calamity—when the call is refused, calamity comes—parallel to Jeremiah’s formula that those who ignore the word will ‘fall and not rise.’
- Matthew 7:26–27 (thematic): Jesus’ image of the foolish builder whose house falls and cannot be recovered echoes the motif of irreversible ruin when God’s word is disregarded (falling with no rising).
Alternative generated candidates
- And say to them, Thus says the LORD: They shall fall and not rise; if they turn back, I will not restore them.
- And you shall say to them, Thus says the LORD: They shall fall and not rise; if one turns back, he shall not return.
Jer.8.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מדוע: ADV
- שובבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משבה: NOUN,f,sg,const
- נצחת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- בתרמית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לשוב: INF,qal
Parallels
- Jeremiah 7:24 (verbal): Both passages charge the people with refusing to obey/return to Yahweh (Jer. 8:5 'they refused to return' echoes Jer. 7:24's depiction of disobedience and refusal to heed).
- Jeremiah 3:12-14 (verbal): Jeremiah elsewhere issues a call to 'return' to the LORD and depicts Israel as faithless/backsliding; contrasts the prophet's summons with the people's refusal in 8:5.
- Hosea 11:7 (thematic): Hosea depicts Israel as bent on backsliding and unwilling to acknowledge God—paralleling Jeremiah's charge that the people refuse to return.
- Ezekiel 33:11 (thematic): Ezekiel emphasizes God's desire that the wicked turn and live; Jeremiah 8:5 highlights the opposite reality—people refusing to turn back to God.
- Psalm 78:34-37 (structural): The psalm recounts repeated divine instruction and the people's persistent sin and refusal to return—mirror to Jeremiah's observation of a people who 'refuse to return.'
Alternative generated candidates
- Why has this people turned away—Jerusalem, they have returned forever—they hold fast to deceit, they refuse to return.
- Why has this people become stubborn? Jerusalem—perpetual stubbornness; they cling to deception and refuse to return.
Jer.8.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הקשבתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,x,sg
- ואשמע: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- לוא: NEG
- כן: ADV
- ידברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אין: PART,neg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- רעתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+prs3ms
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- מה: PRON,int
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- כלה: ADV
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במרוצתם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff3mpl
- כסוס: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שוטף: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- במלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 53:6 (verbal): Shares the language and idea of people turning each to his own way—Jer.8:6’s image of individuals pursuing their own course echoes Isaiah’s 'we all... have turned every one to his own way.'
- Ezekiel 33:11 (thematic): Contrasts God’s desire for repentance with Jer.8:6’s observation that 'no one repents'; both address the issue of turning from evil and the call to life through repentance.
- Jeremiah 7:24 (structural): Same prophetic context and theme: Jeremiah accuses the people of refusing to listen and of returning to evil, reinforcing the book‑wide charge of stubbornness found in 8:6.
- Ezekiel 3:7 (thematic): Speaks of the people’s unwillingness to listen to the prophet—paralleling Jer.8:6’s depiction of a populace that does not acknowledge or repent of its wrongdoing.
- Job 39:20–21 (verbal): Uses similar imagery of a horse rushing into battle to depict reckless, headlong action, paralleling Jer.8:6’s simile of people running 'like horses rushing into battle.'
Alternative generated candidates
- I listened and heard; behold, they do not speak rightly. No one repents of his wickedness, saying, 'What have I done?' Everyone rushes on in his course, like a horse charging into battle.
- I listened and I heard—no, they do not speak rightly; no one repents of his evil, saying, 'What have I done?' Everyone rushes on like a war-horse panting for battle.
Jer.8.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- חסידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ידעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מועדיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,f
- ותר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וסיס: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועגור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמרו: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- באנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועמי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1s
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:3 (verbal): Contrasts animal instinct with Israel’s ignorance: 'The ox knows its owner... but my people do not know'—a close verbal/thematic parallel to Jeremiah’s complaint that birds know their times but the people do not know the LORD’s law.
- Job 12:7-10 (thematic): Job urges asking the beasts and birds, which 'will teach you'—echoing the motif that creation knows what humans fail to perceive (knowledge available in animals/birds versus human ignorance).
- Luke 12:54-56 (allusion): Jesus reproves the crowds for reading weather signs but not the 'present time'—an explicit New Testament echo of Jeremiah’s rebuke that people discern natural seasons yet miss God’s appointed judgment/time.
- Matthew 16:2-3 (allusion): Jesus criticizes the Pharisees and Sadducees for interpreting the sky but not 'this time'—a parallel rebuke to Jeremiah’s contrast between birds’ seasonal sense and Israel’s failure to recognize God’s signs.
- Ecclesiastes 3:1 (thematic): Affirms that there is 'a time for everything'—resonant thematically with Jeremiah’s reference to creatures observing their appointed seasons (moadim), underscoring the theological significance of discerning appointed times.
Alternative generated candidates
- Even the stork in the heavens knows her appointed times; the turtledove, the swift, and the crane observe the season of their coming, but my people do not know the law of the LORD.
- Even the stork in the heavens knows its appointed times; the turtledove, the swallow, and the crane keep the time of their coming—my people do not know the ordinance of the LORD.
Jer.8.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איכה: INTJ
- תאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- ותורת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתנו: PRON,1,pl
- אכן: ADV
- הנה: PART
- לשקר: VERB,qal,inf
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עט: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ספרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 5:31 (thematic): Accuses prophets and priests of speaking falsehoods and leading the people astray—same theme of religious leaders corrupting divine instruction.
- Jeremiah 23:30-32 (verbal): God condemns prophets who 'steal' or falsify his words; closely parallels the complaint that scribal work has made the Torah into a lie.
- Ezekiel 13:6-9 (thematic): Denounces those who give false visions and lying divinations, warning that such deceit will be judged—parallel critique of misleading religious speech.
- Deuteronomy 4:2 (thematic): Prohibits adding to or taking away from God's word; connects to Jeremiah's charge that scribal activity has corrupted the Torah.
- Proverbs 30:6 (verbal): Warns against adding to God's words lest one be shown a liar—close verbal and theological resonance with the 'lying pen' image.
Alternative generated candidates
- How can you say, 'We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us'?—behold, the pen of the scribe has made it false.
- How can you say, 'We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us'?—behold, the pen of the scribe has made it a lie.
Jer.8.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הבישו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- חתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- וילכדו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- הנה: PART
- בדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מאסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- וחכמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מה: PRON,int
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 29:14 (verbal): Uses similar language about God overthrowing human wisdom—'the wisdom of its wise men shall perish'—paralleling Jeremiah's charge that the wise are ashamed because they rejected the word of the LORD.
- Hosea 4:6 (thematic): Declares that rejection of knowledge/ God's instruction brings ruin—'my people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; because you have rejected knowledge I will reject you'—echoing Jeremiah's link between rejecting the word and loss of wisdom.
- Proverbs 26:12 (thematic): Critiques confidence in one's own wisdom—'a man who is wise in his own eyes has more hope of a fool than of him'—resonates with Jeremiah's rhetorical question about what wisdom remains after rejecting the LORD's word.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (thematic): Describes the people mocking and rejecting God's messengers and word until judgment comes, mirroring Jeremiah's accusation that the people (and their leaders) have rejected the word of the LORD and are thereby shamed and captured.
Alternative generated candidates
- The wise are put to shame; they are dismayed and taken; behold, they have rejected the word of the LORD—what wisdom is left to them?
- The wise are put to shame; they are dismayed and taken—behold, they have rejected the word of the LORD. What wisdom have they?
Jer.8.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- נשיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,prsfx=3mp
- לאחרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שדותיהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- ליורשים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- מקטן: PREP,ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כלה: ADV
- בצע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בצע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנביא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- כלה: ADV
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:30 (thematic): Deuteronomy's covenant curses include language of wives given to others and loss of land/offspring as punishment for disobedience—background to Jeremiah's announcement that wives and fields will be handed over.
- Jeremiah 6:13 (verbal): Almost identical formulation: 'from the least to the greatest... from prophet to priest everyone deals falsely/ is greedy for gain'—an internal verbal parallel within Jeremiah.
- Micah 3:11 (thematic): Micah condemns leaders, priests, and prophets who act for bribes and profit ('priests teach for a price, prophets divine for money'), echoing Jeremiah's charge that all—prophet to priest—deal falsely for gain.
- Amos 8:4-6 (thematic): Amos denounces greed and exploitation—seeking dishonest gain, buying the poor for money—paralleling Jeremiah's indictment that everyone, least to greatest, is driven by avarice.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I will give their wives to others and their fields to those who will inherit them; for from the least to the greatest everyone is greedy for gain—prophet and priest alike practice deceit.
- Therefore I will give their wives to others and their fields to those who inherit them; for from least to greatest all are greedy— from prophet to priest, everyone practices deceit.
Jer.8.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- על: PREP
- נקלה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 6:14 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel in the same book condemning prophets who 'heal the hurt of my people slightly' and proclaim 'Peace, peace' when there is no peace.
- Ezekiel 13:10 (verbal): Condemns false prophets who say 'Peace' where there is no peace (Ezek. 13:10 uses the same formula 'they have prophesied peace, when there is no peace').
- Jeremiah 23:17 (thematic): Speaks of prophets telling people 'You will have peace' (or 'Peace') falsely—same theme of deceptive reassurance contrary to God's judgment.
- Isaiah 57:21 (thematic): Declares 'There is no peace' for the wicked—echoes Jeremiah's assertion that promised/assumed peace is illusory in the face of God's judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- They have treated the wound of my people carelessly, saying, 'Peace, peace,' when there is no peace.
- They have scorned the brokenness of my people, saying carelessly, 'Peace, peace'—when there is no peace.
Jer.8.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הבשו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- תועבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גם: ADV
- בוש: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבשו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- והכלם: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- לכן: ADV
- יפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בנפלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פקדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- יכשלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 6:15 (verbal): Nearly identical language and thought—people commit abomination, are not ashamed and cannot blush, and therefore will fall at the time of punishment (close verbal parallel within Jeremiah).
- Jeremiah 3:3 (thematic): Speaks of unrepentant harlotry and a lack of shame (’thou hadst a whore’s forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed’), linking sexual/ religious apostasy with judgment.
- Ezekiel 16:30–34 (thematic): Ezekiel accuses Jerusalem of shameless prostitution and describes consequent humiliation and punishment—same pattern of disgrace, no shame, and coming fall.
- Proverbs 30:12 (thematic): ‘There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness’—portrays self-righteousness/no shame despite sin, leading to ruin.
- Romans 1:32 (thematic): New Testament reflection on willful sin and approval of wrongdoing (they not only do these things but approve of those who practice them), culminating in God’s righteous judgment—parallels Jeremiah’s link between shameless sin and coming punishment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Put to shame yourselves; for they have committed an abomination—yet they were not at all ashamed; they did not even know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among the fallen; at the time of punishment they will stumble, declares the LORD.
- Shame them—for they have done an abomination; yet they are not ashamed nor do they know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among the fallen; in the day of my punishment they shall stumble, declares the LORD.
Jer.8.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אסיפם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- ענבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בגפן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- תאנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בתאנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והעלה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- יעברום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Joel 1:12 (verbal): Uses the same image—'the vine is dried up and the fig tree languishes'—linking agricultural failure (vine/fig) and withering as judgement and disaster.
- Matthew 21:19 (verbal): Jesus finds a fig tree with leaves but no fruit, curses it, and it withers immediately—closely parallels Jeremiah's motif of leaves present but no fruit and divine judgment.
- Habakkuk 3:17 (thematic): Speaks of the fig tree not blossoming and there being no fruit on the vine, echoing the theme of crop failure and trust/test under calamity.
- Isaiah 5:1-7 (thematic): The 'song of the vineyard' expects grapes but receives bad fruit—uses vineyard/fruit imagery to portray Israel's failure and the consequent judgement, thematically parallel to Jeremiah's fruitless vine/fig tree.
- Hosea 9:10 (allusion): Employs grape and fig imagery to characterize Israel (early fruit/figs and grapes), providing an earlier prophetic use of vine/fig symbolism against which Jeremiah's image of fruitlessness can be read.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will gather them up, declares the LORD: there are no grapes on the vine, no figs on the fig tree; their leaves have withered—so I will make them waste away.
- I will gather them up, declares the LORD: there are no grapes on the vine, no figs on the fig tree; their leaves have withered—what I give them will perish.
Jer.8.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- מה: PRON,int
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- ישבים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- האספו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ונבוא: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המבצר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונדמה: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- הדמנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- וישקנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Joel 1:13-14 (thematic): Calls the people to assemble, put on sackcloth and declare a fast in the face of calamity—parallel communal response to divine judgment and call to gather.
- Habakkuk 2:20 (verbal): “Let all the earth keep silence before him” echoes Jeremiah’s call to be silent in recognition of the Lord’s action and judgment.
- Psalm 69:21 (verbal): “They gave me also gall for my meat…they gave me vinegar to drink” echoes Jeremiah’s image of being made to drink bitter/waters of gall.
- Lamentations 3:19-20 (thematic): Speaks of remembering affliction, wormwood and gall—uses the same bitter imagery to describe suffering under God’s discipline.
- Zephaniah 1:7 (allusion): “Hold thy peace at the presence of the LORD” parallels the exhortation to be silent and withdraw in the face of the Lord’s judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why do we sit still? Gather, let us go into the fortified cities and be silent there; for the LORD our God has put us to silence and given us bitter water to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.
- Why do we sit still? Assemble and let us go into the fortified cities and be silent there; for the LORD our God has doomed us and given us poisoned water—who will deliver us? For we have sinned against the LORD.
Jer.8.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קוה: VERB,qal,impv,2,ms
- לשלום: PREP
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והנה: ADV
- בעתה: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,prsuf=3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 6:14 (verbal): Condemns false assurances of 'peace'—'They heal the hurt of my people lightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace,' echoing hope for peace that proves false.
- Ezekiel 13:10-11 (verbal): Ezekiel rebukes prophets who say 'Peace' when there is no peace; language and condemnation of deceptive comfort parallel Jeremiah's contrast between hoped-for peace and ensuing trouble.
- Isaiah 57:20-21 (thematic): Contrasts hoped-for stability with violent unrest: 'The wicked are like the troubled sea... There is no peace,' thematically similar to expectation of healing or peace becoming calamity.
- Jeremiah 14:13-16 (thematic): God denounces prophets promising 'assured peace' though judgment is coming; parallels the motif of expecting peace/healing but encountering disaster.
Alternative generated candidates
- They hoped for peace, but there is no good; for a time of healing, and behold—panic.
- They hoped for peace, but there is no good; for a time of healing, and behold, terror.
Jer.8.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשמע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- נחרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סוסיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- מקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מצהלות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אביריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- רעשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויבואו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומלואה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Habakkuk 1:6-11 (thematic): God raises the Chaldeans whose horses are swift and voracious; they march like an invading force and ‘devour’ peoples and lands—paralleling Jeremiah’s image of horses, chariots and the devouring of the land.
- Nahum 2:3-4 (verbal): Graphic chariot-and-horse imagery—'the chariots rage... they run like lightnings'—echoes Jeremiah’s emphasis on the noise and terror of horses and chariots and the earth’s shaking.
- Joel 2:2-5 (thematic): Joel portrays an unstoppable army like locusts and chariots that march and consume the land; the depiction of a terrifying, land-devouring host parallels Jeremiah’s announcement of invasion.
- Isaiah 13:4-6 (thematic): Isaiah’s oracle against Babylon speaks of nations coming from afar with the sound of chariots and horses, causing terror and devastation—similar motifs of distant cavalry and the trembling of the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- From Dan is heard the stamping of his horses, from the neighing of his stallions the clatter of chariots; the whole land trembles as they come, and they devour the land and its fullness—city and those who dwell therein.
- From Dan the clatter of their horses is heard, the joy of their riders; the whole land trembles. They come and devour the land and its fullness—city and its inhabitants.
Jer.8.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- משלח: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- בכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- נחשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- צפענים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אין: PART,neg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לחש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:33 (verbal): Uses serpent/adder venom imagery for divine judgment ('their wine is the poison of serpents'), paralleling God's sending of venomous snakes to punish Israel.
- Psalm 58:4-5 (verbal): Describes the wicked as bearing the poison of serpents and the deaf adder image—similar language of serpentine venom and inescapable bite used for condemnation.
- Isaiah 59:5-6 (allusion): Speaks of hatching cockatrice eggs and things that break out into vipers—an image of sin birthing deadly serpents akin to God's sending of vipers as punishment.
- Proverbs 23:32 (verbal): Compares the end of wine to the bite of a serpent and sting of an adder—echoes the motif of a sudden, poisonous bite as a destructive consequence.
- Psalm 140:3 (verbal): Speaks of tongues sharpened like serpents and adders' poison under lips—uses serpent-venom metaphor for harm similar to the biting serpents sent by God.
Alternative generated candidates
- For behold, I am sending among you serpents—venomous creatures which cannot be charmed—and they shall bite you, declares the LORD.
- For I am sending among you serpents, venomous serpents without charm; they shall bite you, declares the LORD.
Jer.8.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מבליגיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,x,sg
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- יגון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- דוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 42:11 (thematic): Both express the loss of joy and deep inner distress—an anguished, introspective lament about a downcast soul and the disappearance of gladness.
- Psalm 38:8 (verbal): Uses similar language of bodily/heart suffering and groaning: “I am feeble and crushed; I groan because of the tumult of my heart,” echoing Jeremiah’s ‘my heart is sick’.
- Psalm 143:4 (verbal): “My spirit grows faint; my heart within me is dismayed” closely parallels Jeremiah’s focus on a failing heart and inward dismay—shared diction about heart-sickness and faintness.
- Job 30:27 (thematic): Job’s depiction of inner turmoil and physical distress (“my inward parts are in turmoil… days of affliction come”) thematically parallels Jeremiah’s experience of grief, loss of joy, and a sick heart.
Alternative generated candidates
- My joy is gone; grief is upon me, my heart is sick.
- My inward grief is stirred; my heart is faint within me.
Jer.8.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שועת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- היהוה: NOUN,prop,sg
- אין: PART,neg
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- מלכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- מדוע: ADV
- הכעסוני: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg,obj1s
- בפסליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- בהבלי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 137:1-4 (thematic): Exilic lament: mourners in a foreign land recalling Zion and expressing the pain of deportation (echoes “the cry of the daughter of my people from a land afar off”).
- Lamentations 2:1 (allusion): Personification of Zion and divine wrath: Lamentations, traditionally linked to Jeremiah, depicts God’s anger against Zion—paralleling the rhetorical question about the LORD’s presence in Zion and the theme of punished city/daughter.
- Jeremiah 2:11-13 (verbal): Same prophetic polemic against idolatry: Jeremiah denounces Israel’s turning to foreign vanities and broken cisterns—closely related language and theme to “why have they provoked me… with their carved images.”
- Psalm 78:58 (verbal): Explicit phrasing about provoking God with carved images: this historical psalm charges the people with inciting divine anger by worshiping graven images, echoing Jeremiah’s complaint about idols drawing God’s wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the cry of the daughter of my people comes from a land far away: 'Is the LORD not in Zion? Is her King no longer there?' Why have they angered me with their idols, with the worthless vanities?
- Behold—the cry of the daughter of my people comes from a land far off: 'Is the LORD no longer in Zion? Is her King no longer there?' Why have they angered me with their images, with foreign vanities?
Jer.8.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קציר: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- כלה: ADV
- קיץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואנחנו: CONJ+PRON,1,pl
- לוא: NEG
- נושענו: VERB,niphal,perf,1,.,pl
Parallels
- Joel 1:11-12 (verbal): Reports that the wheat and barley (the harvest) are destroyed and the field mourns—language of failed harvest closely parallels Jeremiah’s ‘harvest finished…we are not saved.’
- Amos 8:2-3 (thematic): Vision of a basket of summer fruit (‘end’/‘summer’ imagery); God declares the end has come on Israel—parallels Jeremiah’s ‘katzir kalah’ and sense of final judgment/no deliverance.
- Micah 6:15 (thematic): Speaks of sowing but not reaping and pressing grapes without getting wine—a prophetic lament about agricultural failure and loss of expected salvation/blessing, echoing Jeremiah’s lament.
- Revelation 14:15-20 (structural): Uses harvest imagery as a scene of eschatological judgment (the ripe harvest, the winepress of God) rather than deliverance—structurally parallels Jeremiah’s ‘harvest finished’ coupled with absence of salvation.
Alternative generated candidates
- The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.
- The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.
Jer.8.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- השברתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
- קדרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- שמה: ADV
- החזקתני: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg+1cs
Parallels
- Lamentations 2:11 (verbal): A closely related lament (traditionally connected to Jeremiah) that mourns the destruction of 'the daughter of my people'; both verses use personal, bodily imagery of weeping/grief over Israel's ruin.
- Jeremiah 9:1 (verbal): Same prophet's expression of intense personal sorrow—'Oh, that my head were waters...'—using the root שבר/שׁבר to convey being broken up over the people's fate.
- Jeremiah 31:20 (thematic): Speaks of God's tender compassion and inner commotion for Ephraim/Israel ('my heart is turned within me'), paralleling Jeremiah 8:21's theme of divine/prophetic heartbreak for the nation's suffering.
- Hosea 11:8 (thematic): God's anguished question 'How can I give you up?' expresses the same reluctant, grieving love for Israel that underlies the 'I am broken' lament in Jeremiah 8:21.
- Isaiah 63:9 (thematic): Describes God as afflicted and compassionate in Israel's affliction—a theological parallel to Jeremiah's portrayal of deep sorrow and inward breaking over the people's calamity.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the hurt of the daughter of my people I am broken; I mourn—terror has seized me.
- Because of the wound of the daughter of my people I am wounded; I mourn, and astonishment has seized me.
Jer.8.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הצרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- בגלעד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- רפא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- שם: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- מדוע: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- עלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ארכת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
Parallels
- Jeremiah 46:11 (verbal): Uses the same 'balm in Gilead' imagery—both passages invoke balm as the expected remedy and lament the absence of healing.
- Jeremiah 6:14 (thematic): Condemns false healers who give superficial cures ('they heal the wound... lightly'), echoing the complaint that Israel's sickness receives no true remedy.
- Isaiah 1:5-6 (verbal): Describes the nation as sick from head to toe and lacking ointment/medicine—parallel language and imagery of wounds without healing.
- Jeremiah 30:17 (thematic): Offers a counterpoint promise of restoration ('I will restore health unto thee'), addressing the very lack of healing lamented in 8:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then has the daughter of my people not been healed?
- Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then has the daughter of my people not been healed?
Jer.8.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- מקור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דמעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואבכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- יומם: ADV
- ולילה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
Parallels
- Jeremiah 9:1 (quotation): Essentially the same lament in different chapter/verse numbering (Hebrew/English variants); a direct restatement of the prophet’s wish to weep continually for his slain people.
- Lamentations 3:48 (verbal): Uses nearly the same image of eyes running down 'with rivers of water' for the destruction of the daughter of my people—close verbal and thematic echo of mourning for Jerusalem.
- Psalm 42:3 (thematic): Speaks of continual tears 'day and night' as the psalmist’s sustenance—parallels the persistent mourning motif and language of unceasing weeping.
- Psalm 119:136 (verbal): 'Streams of tears run down mine eyes' echoes the fountain/stream image of abundant weeping for those who violate God’s ways, linking intense sorrow and tear imagery.
- Jeremiah 13:17 (verbal): Jeremiah twice expresses profound personal weeping for the people—'mine eyes shall... run down with tears'—a closely related verbal and thematic lament over Israel’s refusal to heed warning.
Alternative generated candidates
- Oh that my head were waters and my eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!
- O that my head were waters and my eyes a fountain of tears—I would weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people.
Jer.9.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יתנני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ארחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואעזבה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- ואלכה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- מאתם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- מנאפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עצרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 55:6-7 (thematic): Expresses the speaker's yearning to flee from treacherous companions and find solitude—parallel desire to leave a corrupt community.
- Jeremiah 20:7-9 (structural): Jeremiah's personal lament about being oppressed by his people and his urge to be silent or depart, reflecting the prophet's conflict between withdrawal and vocation.
- Hosea 4:1-2 (verbal): Accuses Israel of widespread moral failure—listing swearing, lying and adultery—echoing Jeremiah's charge that the people are ‘adulterers.’
- Ezekiel 16:15-16 (verbal): Portrays Jerusalem/Israel as an unfaithful bride who prostituted herself—uses adultery imagery closely parallel to Jeremiah's characterization of the people.
- Isaiah 1:4-5 (thematic): Denounces the nation as sinful, corrupt and deserving separation; thematically akin to the prophet's despair over a people so depraved he wishes to leave them.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who would give me lodging in the wilderness, that I might leave my people and go away from them? For they are all adulterers, a congregation of treacherous ones.
- Who would give me a lodging place in the wilderness, that I might leave my people and go away from them—for they are all adulterers, a company of treacherous men.
Jer.9.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידרכו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- לשונם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- קשתם: NOUN,f,sg,suff-3mp
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- לאמונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- מרעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ואתי: PRON,1,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hosea 4:1-2 (thematic): Condemns lack of faithfulness and knowledge of God and lists swearing, lying and violence—echoes Jeremiah’s charge that people speak lies, do evil, and do not know the LORD.
- Psalm 5:9 (verbal): Speaks of there being 'no truth in their mouth' and flattering/deceitful tongues, closely paralleling Jeremiah’s image of the tongue bent like a bow for falsehood.
- Proverbs 12:22 (thematic): Affirms that lying lips are an abomination to the LORD and contrasts truthfulness and deceit, reflecting Jeremiah’s condemnation of false speech and absence of faithfulness.
- Isaiah 59:3-4 (thematic): Describes lips that speak lies and hands stained with wrongdoing, and a society moving from evil to evil—paralleling Jeremiah’s portrayal of pervasive falsehood and moral decline which shows ignorance of God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their tongue is a deadly arrow; it speaks deceit—there is no truth. They prosper in the land, but from evil to evil they go; they do not know me, declares the LORD.
- They bend their tongues like a bow; falsehood prevails. Not one is faithful in the land; they deal from bad to worse, and they have not known me, declares the LORD.
Jer.9.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- השמרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- אח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תבטחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- אח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עקוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- רע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- רכיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 55:12-14 (thematic): Speaks of betrayal by a close companion who ate bread with the psalmist and then turned against him—theme of intimate treachery like Jer 9:3.
- Psalm 41:9 (verbal): “My own familiar friend... hath lifted up his heel against me” — a near-verbatim motif of trusted associates betraying the speaker, echoing Jer 9:3.
- Micah 7:5-6 (verbal): Commands not to trust friends or companions and depicts familial betrayal (‘a man's enemies are the men of his own house’), closely paralleling Jer 9:3's warning.
- Genesis 37:18-28 (thematic): Narrative of Joseph’s brothers conspiring against him—an extended example of sibling betrayal and deceit within the family circle.
- Job 19:19 (thematic): Job laments that those he loved have turned against him; shares the motif of friends/kinsmen abandoning or betraying the sufferer.
Alternative generated candidates
- Everyone beware of his neighbor, and do not trust any brother; for every brother is a deceiver, and every friend a slanderer.
- Every man beware of his neighbor; do not trust any brother—every brother is a deceiver, and every neighbor a slanderer.
Jer.9.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברעהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- יהתלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ואמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- למדו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- לשונם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העוה: DET+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 12:2-3 (verbal): Both passages condemn widespread lying and flattering lips; Psalm 12 speaks of people speaking falsehoods and flattering language, echoing Jeremiah’s note that they have 'learned to speak lies.'
- Micah 7:5 (verbal): Micah warns 'Trust no one, not even your neighbor,' closely mirroring Jeremiah’s injunction to beware of one's neighbor and not put trust in a brother (parallel wording and theme).
- Psalm 41:9 (thematic): Expresses the pain of betrayal by a close companion ('even my close friend in whom I trusted'), paralleling Jeremiah’s theme of betrayal and untrustworthiness among kin and neighbors.
- Psalm 55:12-14 (thematic): Describes intimate friendship turned to treachery—'it was you, my equal... my companion'—echoing Jeremiah’s complaint about neighbors and brothers who deceive and betray.
Alternative generated candidates
- Everyone deceives his neighbor, and no one speaks the truth; they have trained their tongues to speak lies and wear themselves out for iniquity.
- They conspire with one another and do not speak the truth; they have trained their tongues to lie; they weary themselves in doing evil.
Jer.9.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שבתך: NOUN,f,sg,suff-2ms
- בתוך: PREP
- מרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במרמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hosea 4:6 (verbal): Both speak of the people's ruin because of lack of knowledge of God — 'my people are destroyed for lack of knowledge' parallels Jeremiah's charge that in their deceit they refuse to know the LORD.
- Jeremiah 4:22 (thematic): Same prophet and theme: Israel is described as not knowing God — 'for my people are foolish, they know not me' echoes the accusation of refusing to know the LORD amid deceit.
- Hosea 5:4 (thematic): Speaks of people turning away and not seeking or knowing the LORD; complements Jeremiah's link between moral/deceptive behavior and failure to know God.
- Isaiah 29:13 (thematic): Condemns ritual lip-service and inner distance from God — hypocrisy and deceit ('honor me with their lips... their fear… is a command taught by men') parallels Jeremiah's critique of living in deceit and refusing true knowledge of God.
- Psalm 50:16-17 (thematic): God reproves those who recite his statutes but hate instruction; the denial/rejection of divine instruction and true relationship aligns with Jeremiah's charge that in their deceit they refuse to know the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your dwelling is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, declares the LORD.
- They take refuge in deceit; in deceit is their confidence; they have refused to know me, declares the LORD.
Jer.9.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- צורפם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ובחנתים: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כי: CONJ
- איך: ADV
- אעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- מפני: PREP
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
Parallels
- Malachi 3:2-3 (verbal): Uses the image of a refiner’s fire and purifier who will purify and refine the people—closely parallels Jeremiah’s language of refining and testing.
- Zechariah 13:9 (verbal): Speaks of refining and testing Israel (or the remnant) so they call on God’s name—similar refining/trying motif and outcome.
- Isaiah 48:10 (verbal): God declares he has refined and tried his people in a furnace of affliction—directly parallels the refine/try language and divine purpose.
- Jeremiah 6:26 (structural): Addresses the ‘daughter of my people’ in a prophetic lament and call to mourning—echoes the same vocative phrase and pastoral concern within Jeremiah.
- Psalm 66:10-12 (thematic): Describes God’s proving and testing of his people like silver in a furnace—themewise parallel to Jeremiah’s testing/refining imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, I will test them and refine them, for how shall I deal with the daughter of my people?
- Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, I will refine them and test them; for how shall I deal with the daughter of my people?
Jer.9.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שחוט: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לשונם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- מרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ובקרבו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ארבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 55:21 (verbal): Speaks of smooth/deceptive speech contrasted with inner hostility: 'His speech was smooth as butter, yet war was in his heart,' paralleling 'speaks peace... but sets an ambush in his heart.'
- Proverbs 26:24-26 (verbal): Describes a person who hides hatred with flattering words and harbors deceit in the heart, warning not to trust gracious speech—closely matching the theme of deceitful, destructive tongue in Jer 9:7.
- Ezekiel 13:10 (verbal): Condemns prophets who prophesy 'Peace' when there is no peace—echoes Jer 9:7's charge that people 'speak peace to their neighbors' while intending harm.
- Jeremiah 6:14 (thematic): Within the same book, accuses leaders of offering false assurance—'They have healed the wound of my people lightly, saying “Peace, peace,” when there is no peace'—a direct thematic parallel to Jer 9:7's false words of peace.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their tongue is a deadly arrow; with deceitful speech they say, 'Peace to my neighbor,' while in their heart they set an ambush.
- Their tongue is a deadly arrow; with deceit they speak 'Peace' to their neighbor, while in their heart they set a trap.
Jer.9.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- העל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- אפקד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- בגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כזה: PRON,dem,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תתנקם: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,f,sg
- נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 14:10-12 (verbal): God tells Jeremiah not to pray for the people because 'though they cry unto me, I will not hear them'—language and judgment closely mirror Jer 9:8.
- Jeremiah 11:14 (verbal): 'Pray not thou for this people... for I will not hear them' — an earlier Jeremiac injunction with the same refusal to hear Israel's cries.
- Isaiah 1:15 (verbal): When the people offer prayer in hypocrisy, God says 'I will hide mine eyes... when ye make many prayers, I will not hear'—parallel refusal to hear petitions.
- Ezekiel 8:18 (thematic): God declares He will deal in fury and that 'mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity'—parallels the statement 'I will not pity' in Jer 9:8.
- Hosea 5:6 (thematic): Israel will seek the LORD but 'they shall not find him' because He withdraws—similar consequence to God refusing to hear or pity the people's cries.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shall I not punish them for these things? declares the LORD; and shall I not take vengeance on such a nation as this?
- Shall I not punish them for these things, declares the LORD? Shall I not take vengeance on a nation like this?
Jer.9.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- בכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונהי: CONJ+PRON,1,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- נאות: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- קינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נצתו: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,pl
- מבלי: PREP
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נדדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:25-26 (verbal): Same prophetic context and imagery of mountains, wilderness pastures and desolation—cities and fields made deserted so that none pass through; close verbal and thematic affinity within Jeremiah's laments.
- Joel 1:10-12,18-20 (thematic): Joel laments ruined fields and pastures, the distress of cattle and flocks, and the land's mourning—parallel theme of pastoral desolation and animals fleeing or suffering.
- Isaiah 13:20-22 (thematic): Prophetic oracle against Babylon pictures absolute desolation—no inhabitants, wild creatures and owls dwelling there—echoes the image of burned/abandoned pastures and birds/beasts gone.
- Isaiah 34:11-15 (thematic): Vision of the desolated nations populated by wild creatures (owl, jackal, etc.) and uninhabited ruins parallels Jeremiah's motif of wasteland where birds of the heavens and beasts have fled.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the hills I will make mourning, and in the pastures of the wilderness a lamentation; because the destroyer has come without, and there is no one—both bird of the heavens and beast have fled and gone.
- On the mountains I will lift up a cry and wail; in the pastures of the wilderness a lamentation—for they are burned up without a man, and no one hears the sound. From the cattle and the birds of the sky and even the beasts—they have fled.
Jer.9.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לגלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מבלי: PREP
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:21 (verbal): Uses the same desolation imagery—wild/creaturely inhabitants (jackals/wild beasts) taking up residence in a ruined city, echoing Jeremiah’s ‘den of jackals.’
- Isaiah 34:13–15 (thematic): A prophetic catalogue of desolation (thorns, nettles, wild animals, jackals/owls) describing divine judgment that leaves lands and cities uninhabited, paralleling Jeremiah’s motif of emptied cities.
- Jeremiah 19:7 (structural): Within Jeremiah the same judicial formula: God will bring calamity on Jerusalem and make it a desolation/heap—closely related wording and prophetic intent.
- Ezekiel 6:14 (thematic): Ezekiel speaks of making the cities of Israel a desolation and leaving the land uninhabited as punishment—similar theme of depopulation and ruined settlements under divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will make Jerusalem a heap and a den of jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.
- I will make Jerusalem a waste, a den of jackals, and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without inhabitant.
Jer.9.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החכם: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויגדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- מה: PRON,int
- אבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נצתה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- כמדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבלי: PREP
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:7-9 (verbal): Uses very similar language of the land and cities laid waste and burned; parallels Jeremiah's image of the country becoming a desert under divine judgment.
- Jeremiah 4:23-26 (structural): Internal parallel within Jeremiah: an earlier vision of the earth made desolate, void of people and passage—same thematic imagery and rhetorical question about the nation's devastation.
- Joel 1:10-12 (thematic): Joel laments the fields, vine, and land being ruined and desolate; shares the motif of agricultural devastation and communal mourning over a land made like a wilderness.
- Psalm 107:34-35 (verbal): Speaks of turning a fruitful land into salt wastes and desolate regions—verbal and thematic resonance with Jeremiah's depiction of the land burned and untraversed.
- Deuteronomy 28:25 (allusion): Part of the covenant curse predicting disaster and a land laid waste when Israel breaks the covenant—Jeremiah's lament echoes these covenantal warnings as the theological backdrop for the land's ruin.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who is the man that is wise and may understand this, that may discern the mouth of the LORD and tell why the land has perished and been burned like a wilderness, so that none passes through?
- Who is the man who is wise and can understand this, who can discern the reasons for it? Why has the land been laid waste and become a wilderness, with none passing through?
Jer.9.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- עזבם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+prsuf:3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- תורתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- בקולי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- הלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 31:16 (thematic): God predicts the people will forsake Him and His statutes—theme of abandoning the law and not following God's ways.
- Jeremiah 7:24 (verbal): Very close language in the same book: the people 'did not hear or incline their ear' and did not walk in God's counsel—direct parallel in thought and wording.
- Psalm 78:10 (verbal): Speaks of the people refusing to keep God's covenant and not walking in His law—verbal and thematic overlap with failing to heed God's instruction.
- Hosea 4:6 (thematic): God declares His people destroyed for lack of knowledge because they rejected instruction—connects to forsaking God's law and not listening to His voice.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said, Because they have forsaken my law which I set before them, and have not obeyed my voice nor walked in it,
- Thus says the LORD: Because they have forsaken my law which I put before them and have not obeyed my voice nor walked in it,
Jer.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
- שררות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
- ואחרי: CONJ
- הבעלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- למדום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Judges 2:11-13 (verbal): Israel ‘served Baal/Ashtaroth’ and ‘went after’ other gods—language and theme of following Baalim echoes Jeremiah’s charge that they went after the Baalim.
- 1 Kings 12:28-30 (thematic): Jeroboam’s establishment of calf-worship led the people to follow other gods—an example of idolatrous practices becoming inherited tradition, like ‘the Baalim which their fathers taught them.’
- Psalm 106:35 (verbal): ‘But mingled with the nations, and learned their works’ parallels the idea of adopting ancestral/idolatrous practices taught by previous generations (learning/being taught the Baals’ ways).
- Deuteronomy 31:16-20 (allusion): Moses’ warning that Israel’s descendants will turn to other gods and provoke God’s anger anticipates the pattern Jeremiah condemns—following foreign gods as a generational betrayal.
Alternative generated candidates
- but have gone after the stubbornness of their heart and after the Baals, as their fathers taught them,
- they have gone after the stubbornness of their own hearts and after the Baals, as their fathers taught them.
Jer.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- מאכילם: VERB,hiph,impf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- לענה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והשקיתים: VERB,hiph,impf,1,?,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 23:15 (verbal): Uses virtually the same imagery—God says He will 'feed them wormwood and make them drink the water of gall' in condemnation of false prophets.
- Deuteronomy 29:18 (allusion): Speaks of a 'root that beareth gall and wormwood' as a corrupting influence—similar 'wormwood/gall' motif for divine judgment.
- Psalm 69:21 (thematic): Speaks of being given 'gall' for food and 'vinegar' for drink—parallel imagery of bitter/poisonous substances as suffering or divine hostility.
- Proverbs 5:4 (verbal): Describes the end of the adulterous woman as 'bitter as wormwood,' echoing the 'wormwood' metaphor for bitterness and ruin.
Alternative generated candidates
- therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will feed this people with wormwood, and give them water of gall to drink.
- Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will feed them with wormwood and give them poisoned water to drink.
Jer.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והפצותים: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- ואבותם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,pl
- ושלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- החרב: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- כלותי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
Parallels
- Leviticus 26:33 (verbal): Uses the same covenant‑curse formula: 'I will scatter you among the nations' and 'I will draw out the sword after you'—a close verbal parallel to Jeremiah's judgment of exile.
- Deuteronomy 28:64 (thematic): Describes the covenant consequence of dispersal to foreign peoples and lands 'which you do not know,' echoing Jeremiah's image of being sent among unknown nations.
- Ezekiel 12:15 (structural): Ezekiel likewise links scattering of Israel among the nations with the drawing of the sword after them—similar structure and purpose in explaining exile as divine punishment.
- Amos 9:9 (allusion): God's action of sifting or shaking Israel 'among all nations' communicates the same theme of divine dispersal of the people as punitive judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will scatter them among the nations that neither they nor their fathers have known; and I will send the sword after them until I have consumed them.
- I will scatter them among the nations that neither they nor their fathers have known, and I will send the sword after them until I have consumed them.
Jer.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- התבוננו: VERB,hitp,perf,3,m,pl
- וקראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- למקוננות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותבואינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- החכמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ותבואנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
Parallels
- Jer.9.17-18 (verbal): Immediate context — continuation of the same summons to 'call for mourning women' and to send for the skillful ones; repeats the call to lament and pray for mercy.
- Isa.22.12-13 (thematic): Both texts describe a divine summons to public weeping and mourning ('call for weeping and mourning'); Isaiah contrasts the call to lament with inappropriate rejoicing, similar to Jeremiah's indictment.
- Joel.1.13 (thematic): Joel issues priestly and communal commands to gird for lamentation and wail over disaster—paralleling Jeremiah's instruction to call mourners and skilled lamenters.
- Mic.1.8 (thematic): Micah depicts prophetic self-lamentation ('I will weep and howl; I will make a lamentation'), echoing the rhetoric of summoned mourning and professional lament in Jeremiah.
- Ezek.21.12 (structural): Ezekiel's call to cry out and howl over an impending day of the LORD parallels the prophetic structure of summoning public lament found in Jeremiah 9:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Consider and call for the mourning women to come; send for skilled women to come.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Look, call for the mourning women to come; send for the skilled lamenters to come.
Jer.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותמהרנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ותשנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- נהי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותרדנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- עינינו: NOUN,f,pl,poss_1pl
- דמעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועפעפינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,pl
- יזלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 9:1 (verbal): Same chapter and speaker — expresses an intense desire for abundant weeping ('oh that my eyes were a fountain of tears'), closely paralleling the imagery of eyes streaming and abundant tears.
- Lamentations 3:48-49 (verbal): Uses near-identical imagery of eyes flowing with 'rivers of water' for the destruction of the people; echoes Jeremiah's language of uncontained tears and communal lament.
- Psalm 6:6 (verbal): Describes continual weeping ('I water my couch with my tears') and the physical outpouring of tears, paralleling Jeremiah's emphasis on eyes and eyelids overflowing with water.
- Joel 2:12-13 (thematic): Calls for return to the LORD 'with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning' — thematically parallels Jeremiah's summons to lamentation and public mourning (call for mourning women).
Alternative generated candidates
- Let them hurry and wail over us; let our eyes run down with tears and our eyelids flow with water.
- They shall hasten and come; trembling shall seize them. Our eyes shall run down with tears and our eyelids flow with water.
Jer.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נהי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשמע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- מציון: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- איך: ADV
- שדדנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- בשנו: PREP
- מאד: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- עזבנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- השליכו: VERB,hif,impv,2,m,pl
- משכנותינו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 9:1-2 (structural): Immediate context — the same speaker's extended lament about tears and wailing for Zion; continues the theme of audible mourning and shame over the nation's ruin.
- Psalm 137:1-4 (thematic): Exilic lament — mourners weeping for Zion in a foreign land and expressing inability to sing; parallels the 'voice of wailing from Zion' and the pain of displacement.
- Lamentations 2:1-2 (thematic): Describes the Lord's wrath and the devastation of Zion (beauty cast down, sanctuary defiled), echoing imagery of spoil, desolation, and overturned dwellings.
- Isaiah 64:10-11 (thematic): Speaks of Zion as a wilderness and the holy city desolate, with the holy house burned — similar language of abandoned land and ruined dwellings.
- Joel 1:8-10 (thematic): Communal lament over ruined fields and deserted towns; uses mourning imagery for loss of land and habitations that parallels Jeremiah's cry about forsaken land and cast down dwellings.
Alternative generated candidates
- For a voice of lamentation is heard from Zion: 'How we are plundered!—we are utterly ashamed, because we have forsaken the land and our dwellings have been cast aside.'
- For a voice of wailing is heard from Zion: 'How we are plundered!' We are ashamed because we have forsaken the land; our dwellings have been cast out from us.
Jer.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- שמענה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,pl
- נשים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אזנכם: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ולמדנה: VERB,piel,impv,2,f,pl
- בנותיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2mp
- נהי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רעותה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- קינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 9:17-18 (verbal): Immediate context: a direct call for women to cry and for people to gird sackcloth and teach lamentation—same scene and wording of instructing daughters in mourning.
- Joel 1:8 (thematic): A call for a woman (a bride/virgin) to lament in sackcloth for loss—parallel motif of women’s public wailing and prescribed mourning.
- Micah 1:8 (thematic): The prophet’s own vow to ‘lament and howl’ and ‘make a wailing’ parallels Jeremiah’s command to produce communal lament and teach daughters mourning.
- Lamentations 2:11-12 (thematic): Graphic depiction of national grief—women and young fainting, eyes overflowing with tears—echoes the image of teaching daughters and neighbors to mourn.
- Ezekiel 21:12 (allusion): The prophetic injunction ‘Cry and wail’ (or ‘beat your breast’) over coming judgment resonates with Jeremiah’s summons for women’s lament and instruction in mourning.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hear the word of the LORD, women, and give ear to the message of his mouth; teach your daughters lamentation, and every woman her neighbor a dirge.
- Give ear, O women, to the word of the LORD; pay attention and take to heart the words of his mouth. Teach your daughters lamentation; let every neighbor wail.
Jer.9.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- בחלונינו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss1pl
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בארמנותינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss1pl
- להכרית: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf,NA,NA,NA
- עולל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחוץ: PREP
- בחורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מרחבות: NOUN,f,pl,const
Parallels
- Exodus 12:29 (allusion): Death enters houses and strikes the inhabitants (the death of the firstborn), echoing Jeremiah’s image of death coming into palaces and cutting off infants/young people.
- Isaiah 13:16 (verbal): Graphic enemy violence: infants dashed and youths cut off before the eyes—language and imagery parallel Jeremiah’s lament over children and young men being taken/put to death.
- Lamentations 2:12-13 (thematic): A communal lament over the suffering of the populace—including infants, virgins, and the young—reflecting the same mournful imagery and tone found in Jeremiah’s cry.
- Psalm 79:1-3 (thematic): Describes foreign devastation of God’s people, bodies given to beasts and blood poured out—a parallel theme of massacre and communal loss that underlies Jeremiah’s depiction of death in homes and streets.
Alternative generated candidates
- For death has come up into our windows; it has entered our palaces to cut off the children from without, and the young men from the streets.
- For death has come up into our windows and entered our palaces, to cut off the children from the streets and the young men from the squares.
Jer.9.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונפלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- נבלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כדמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכעמיר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאחרי: PREP
- הקצר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מאסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:26 (verbal): Part of the covenant curses: the people's corpses become food for birds and beasts—echoes Jeremiah's image of fallen carcasses exposed on the field.
- Ezekiel 39:17-20 (verbal): Describes birds and beasts feasting on the slain after battle; closely parallels the picture of corpses left uncollected like refuse after the harvest.
- Psalm 79:2 (thematic): A communal lament that enemies have given God's servants' dead bodies to birds—similar lament over exposed corpses and desecration of the fallen.
- Isaiah 34:6-7 (thematic): Apocalyptic depiction of slaughter with corpses left for the birds and beasts and the land stained with blood, paralleling Jeremiah's language of devastation and abandoned carcasses.
Alternative generated candidates
- Say thus, declares the LORD: A carcass is driven out, cast forth like dung on the face of the field; like a sheaf behind the reaper, there is none to gather.
- Say this, O LORD: 'Behold, the carcass of man lies like refuse upon the field, like a sheaf left behind by the reapers—there is none to gather.'
Jer.9.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יתהלל: VERB,hithpael,juss,3,m,sg
- חכם: ADJ,m,sg
- בחכמתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יתהלל: VERB,hithpael,juss,3,m,sg
- הגבור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בגבורתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
- אל: NEG
- יתהלל: VERB,hithpael,juss,3,m,sg
- עשיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעשרו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 9:23-24 (structural): Immediate continuation/contrast: after forbidding boasting in wisdom, strength, or wealth, God prescribes the proper ground for boasting—knowing and understanding the LORD and his acts of justice and mercy.
- 1 Corinthians 1:26-31 (verbal): Paul echoes the motif of refusing human grounds for boasting (wisdom, might, status) and insists that any boasting belong to the Lord because God has chosen the weak so that no one may boast before him.
- Psalm 49:6-9, 16-17 (thematic): Warns against trusting or being impressed by the rich; emphasizes that wealth cannot secure one's life or ransom a soul—undermining grounds for boasting in riches.
- Luke 18:9-14 (thematic): Parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector condemns self-justifying, boastful attitudes before God and commends humility—parallel rejection of human pride as grounds for honor.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor the mighty in his might, let not the rich boast in his riches.
- Thus says the LORD: Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, nor let the mighty boast in his might, nor let the rich glory in his riches.
Jer.9.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- בזאת: PREP
- יתהלל: VERB,hithpael,juss,3,m,sg
- המתהלל: PART,hitp,ptcp,m,sg,def
- השכל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- באלה: PREP+DEM,pl
- חפצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 1:26-31 (quotation): Paul echoes Jeremiah’s denunciation of human boasting and his summons that the one who glories should glory in the Lord (cf. 'let him who boasts, boast in the Lord'), using the passage to emphasize God’s choice and the futility of worldly wisdom.
- Hosea 6:6 (verbal): God declares preference for steadfast love/mercy (חסד) and knowledge of God over ritual sacrifice—parallel language and priority to that in Jeremiah 9:23–24 about knowing God and valuing covenantal mercy.
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes what God requires—'to do justice, and to love kindness (חסד), and to walk humbly'—mirroring Jeremiah’s triad of chesed (lovingkindness), mishpat (justice), and tzedakah (righteousness) as God’s delight.
- Psalm 33:5 (thematic): Declares that the Lord 'loves righteousness and justice' and that steadfast love fills the earth, echoing Jeremiah’s statement that God acts in mercy, justice, and righteousness and delights in these things.
Alternative generated candidates
- But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD who works steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the earth; for in these things I delight, declares the LORD.
- But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the earth; for in these things I delight, declares the LORD.
Jer.9.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ופקדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- מול: PREP
- בערלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 10:16 (verbal): Uses the same language of circumcising the 'foreskin of your heart'—contrast between outward fleshly circumcision and inward, spiritual circumcision.
- Deuteronomy 30:6 (thematic): Promises that YHWH will circumcise the heart of his people—contrasts divine inner visitation/renewal with mere external rite mentioned in Jeremiah.
- Jeremiah 4:4 (verbal): Same prophetic injunction ('Circumcise yourselves to the LORD; remove the foreskin of your hearts')—both passages oppose mere external covenant signfulness without true repentance.
- Romans 2:28-29 (thematic): Paul echoes the prophetic distinction between outward circumcision and true, inward circumcision of the heart, and the judgment of mere external observance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will punish everyone who is circumcised merely in the flesh—
- Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will punish those who are circumcised in the flesh only.
Jer.9.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- קצוצי: ADJ,m,pl,cons
- פאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הישבים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl,def
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ערלי: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 10:16 (verbal): Uses the same metaphor of circumcising the heart (’circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart’) — directly parallels Jeremiah’s contrast between outward/universal uncircumcision and the need for inward devotion.
- Deuteronomy 30:6 (thematic): Promises that YHWH will ‘circumcise your heart’ and enable true obedience — thematically contrasts Jeremiah’s indictment that even Israel’s heart is uncircumcised.
- Jeremiah 4:4 (verbal): Same prophetic summons within Jeremiah: ‘Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskin of your heart’ — an immediate internal parallel addressing spiritual uncleanness of Israel.
- Romans 2:28-29 (allusion): Paul’s redefinition of circumcision as an inward, spiritual reality (‘circumcision is a matter of the heart’) echoes the prophetic concern with uncircumcised hearts and transforms the metaphor in a theological argument.
Alternative generated candidates
- on Egypt, on Judah, on Edom, on the people of Ammon, on Moab, and on all the foreigners who cut the corners of their hair and dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.
- I will visit Egypt, Judah, Edom, the people of Ammon, Moab, and all the nations that cut themselves and dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.
Say to them: Thus says the LORD, ‘They shall fall and not rise; if they turn back, they shall not be restored.’
Why has this people turned away? Jerusalem, they have turned back; they cling to deceit and refuse to return.
I listened and heard—no! Their words are not so; no one repents of his evil, saying, ‘What have I done?’ Each presses on in his course like a warhorse charging into battle.
Even the stork in the heavens knows her times; the turtledove, the swallow, and the crane observe the season of their coming, but my people do not know the law of the LORD.
How can you say, ‘We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us’? Behold, truly the pen of the scribes has wrought falsehood; the books are filled with lies.
The wise are put to shame; they are dismayed and seized. Behold, they have rejected the word of the LORD—what wisdom have they?
Therefore I will give their wives to others, and their fields to those who inherit them; for from the least to the greatest all are greedy— from prophet to priest, everyone deals falsely.
They have mended the breach of the daughter of my people lightly, saying, ‘Peace, peace,’ when there is no peace.
They were ashamed because they had done abominations; yet they were not ashamed and did not turn away. Therefore they shall fall among those who fall; when I punish them they shall stumble, declares the LORD.
I will gather them up, declares the LORD; there are no grapes on the vine and no figs on the fig tree—their leaves have withered; I will make them desolate.
Why are we sitting still? Assemble, let us go into the fortified cities; let us be silent there— for the LORD our God has put us to silence and has given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.
They hoped for peace, and there was no good; for a time of healing, and behold, terror.
From Dan is heard the clatter of chariots, the neighing of horses—at the sound of the commanders the whole land trembles. They come and devour the land and its fullness, the city and its inhabitants.
For behold, I send among you serpents, adders that cannot be charmed; they will bite you, declares the LORD.
My anguish, my grief! I am stifled—my heart moans within me.
Behold, the cry of the daughter of my people is heard from a land far away: ‘Is the LORD not in Zion? Is her King no longer there?’ Why have they angered me with their idols, with foreign vanities?
The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.
For the hurt of the daughter of my people I am broken; I mourn—grief has taken hold of me.
Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then has the daughter of my people not been healed?
O that my head were waters and my eyes a fountain of tears—I would weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people.
O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place, that I might leave my people and go away from them; for they are all adulterers, a company of treacherous men.
Their tongue is a deadly arrow; with lies they speak—there is no truth in the land. They go from evil to evil and do not know me, declares the LORD.
Every one deceives his neighbor; beware of every brother—do not trust any companion; for every brother is a slanderer and every friend a betrayer.
Each will betray his companion—no one speaks truth. They have taught their tongues to speak deceit; they weary themselves committing iniquity.
Who can say, ‘I am innocent’? Their inward thought and every mouth is deceitful; they have refused to know me, declares the LORD.
Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: I will refine them and test them, for how shall I deal with the daughter of my people?
Their tongue is a deadly arrow; with deceitful speech they say ‘Peace’ to their neighbor while in their heart they set an ambush.
Shall I not punish them for these things? declares the LORD. Shall my soul not take vengeance on a nation such as this?
I will make mourning on the mountains and a lamentation on the pastures of the wilderness, because they are burned up so that none passes through; neither does any voice of cattle or flock is heard—birds of the heavens and beasts are gone.
I will make Jerusalem a heap, a den of jackals, and will make the cities of Judah desolate, without inhabitant.
Who is the wise man that may understand this, who can hear and declare what the mouth of the LORD has spoken concerning the land? Why has it become a desolation like a wilderness, untraveled? And the LORD said: Because they have forsaken my law which I set before them, and have not obeyed my voice, nor walked in it,
they have walked after the stubbornness of their own hearts and after the Baals, as their fathers taught them.
Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I will feed this people with wormwood and give them poisonous water to drink.
I will scatter them among the nations that neither they nor their fathers have known; I will send the sword after them until I have consumed them. Thus says the LORD of hosts: Look and call for the mourning women; send for the skillful mourners—let them come.
Let them hasten and run up, let them be summoned; let them lament over us—our eyes flow with tears, our eyelids gush with water.
For a voice of wailing is heard from Zion: ‘How we are plundered! We must leave our homes because of the enemy.’
For the women hear the word of the LORD and give ear to the word of his mouth; teach your daughters a lamentation, every woman her neighbor a dirge.
For death has come up into our windows; it has entered our palaces to cut off the children from the streets and the young men from the squares. Thus says the LORD: ‘A cry—behold, the corpses of men lie like dung upon the field, like sheaves behind the reaper; there is none to gather them.’ Thus says the LORD: Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor the mighty man boast in his might, nor the rich man boast in his riches. But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice and righteousness in the earth; for in these I delight, declares the LORD.
Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will visit every one according to his practice: on the circumcised who are merely fleshly.
Behold, I will punish Egypt, Judah, Edom, the sons of Ammon, Moab, and all who dwell in the desert—for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.