Chapter 9
1Who would turn my head into water and my eye into a fountain of tears, so that I might weep by day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people?
2Who would give me a lodging for travelers in the wilderness, so that I might leave my people and go away from them? For all of them are adulterers, an assembly of the treacherous.
3And they bent their tongue, their bow, for deception; they prevailed in the land, but not for faithfulness. For they proceeded from evil to evil, and they do not know me, an utterance of the LORD.
4Each of you, beware of your neighbor, and trust no brother; for every brother surely cheats, and every neighbor goes about as a slanderer.
5Each deceives his neighbor, and they do not speak the truth. They taught their tongue to speak deception; they wearied themselves doing wrong.
6Your dwelling is in the midst of deceit; in deceit they refused to know me, an utterance of the LORD.
7Therefore thus said the LORD of hosts: “Look, I will refine them and test them; for how am I to act on account of the daughter of my people?
8Their tongue is an arrow that slaughters; it spoke deceit. With his mouth one speaks peace to his neighbor, but within himself he sets his ambush.
9Should I not punish them for these things, an utterance of the LORD? Or should I not avenge myself on a nation like this?
10I will raise weeping and wailing over the mountains, and a dirge over the pastures of the wilderness; for they have been burned, with no one passing through, and no one heard the sound of livestock. From the birds of the sky to the animals, they fled; they departed.
11And I will make Jerusalem into heaps, a dwelling for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, with no one dwelling there.”
12Who is the wise man who can understand this? And to whom has the mouth of the LORD spoken, so that he may tell it? Why has the land perished, burned like the wilderness, so that no one passes through?
13And the LORD said, “Because they forsook my instruction, which I set before them, and did not obey my voice or walk in it.
14And they followed the stubbornness of their heart and the Baals, as their fathers taught them.”
15Therefore thus said the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel: “Behold, I will feed them, this people, wormwood, and give them poisoned water to drink.
16And I will scatter them among nations that neither they nor their fathers knew; and I will send the sword after them until I make an end of them.”
17Thus said the LORD of Hosts: “Consider carefully, and call for the mourning women so that they may come; and send for the skilled women so that they may come.
18And let them hasten and raise wailing over us, so that our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water.
19For a sound of wailing was heard from Zion: ‘How we have been devastated! We are greatly ashamed, for we have left the land, because they cast down our dwellings.’”
20For hear the LORD’s word, women, and let your ear receive the word of his mouth. Teach your daughters wailing, and let each woman teach her neighbor a dirge.
21For death has climbed through our windows and entered our palaces, to cut off children from the streets, young men from the plazas.
22Speak: “Thus is the utterance of the LORD: ‘Human corpses will fall like dung on the surface of the field, and like a swath behind the reaper, with no one to gather them.’”
23Thus said the LORD: “Let the wise man not boast in his wisdom, and let the mighty man not boast in his might; let the rich man not boast in his riches.
24But let the one who boasts boast only in this: having insight and knowing me to be the LORD, who practices kindness, justice, and righteousness in the land; for in these I delight, an utterance of the LORD.”
8
Jeremiah
Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment (part 1)
Jeremiah 8:4-9:24
Key words in this passage
In this passage
Themes
Cross-references
Study notes
Jerusalem's people refuse every opportunity to turn back from deceit and false dealing, even as the LORD questions why they cling to a course that ends in barrenness and invasion. Their claim to possess the law collapses under the charge that scribes have twisted it, while leaders from prophet to priest repeat empty assurances of peace. The resulting judgment scatters the nation and silences the land, yet the same voice that announces exile also calls for a single legitimate boast: knowing the LORD who delights in steadfast love, justice, and righteousness. This knowledge alone survives the refining that must come.
What is Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment (part 1) about?
The LORD instructs Jeremiah to address the people of Jerusalem directly. He begins with pointed questions: do they fall and not rise, and if one returns, will he not return? Yet the people of Jerusalem have turned away in perpetual faithlessness, holding fast to deceit and refusing to return. No one asks what he has done. Instead they rush back to their course like a horse into battle. Even the stork and the turtledove know their appointed times, but this people does not know the judgment of the LORD.
The same section records the claim that the law of the LORD is with them, only to hear that the lying pen of the scribes has made it a lie. From the least to the greatest everyone is greedy for unjust gain, and from prophet to priest everyone deals falsely. They declare peace when there is no peace. The LORD announces he will gather them to an end, that there will be no grapes on the vine and the leaf will wither. The people themselves cry out that the LORD their God has doomed them to perish and has given them poisoned water to drink because they have sinned.
These verses open the next stretch of Jeremiah’s oracles by pressing the question of why return remains possible yet is refused. They stand right after the exposure of violence and corruption at the temple and in the valley, showing that the refusal continues even after public warning. The coming invasion is already audible in the snorting of horses from Dan, and Jeremiah’s own grief begins to surface as he hears the cry of the daughter of his people across the land.
Where does this passage sit in Jeremiah?
Jeremiah 8:4 opens by resuming the direct address that concluded the preceding section on violence and corruption. The command to speak to the people of Jerusalem continues without interruption, moving from the exposure of specific abominations to a series of questions that test whether any reversal remains possible. The language of returning and refusing to return echoes earlier cycles of accusation in the book, yet here the questions receive no affirmative answer; instead the text records perpetual faithlessness and the absence of any self-examination.
From this point the address widens. Comparisons with migratory birds in 8:7 and the exposure of scribal distortion in 8:8 intensify the charge that knowledge of the LORD has been rejected. The resulting judgment in 8:10-13 then gives way to the people’s own words in 8:14-17, where they acknowledge doom yet still locate the cause outside themselves. The prophet’s grief in 8:18-9:1 and the divine resolve to refine in 9:7 mark a further shift: the voice moves between communal lament and the LORD’s determination to act.
The section closes by returning to the theme of misplaced confidence. After the announcement of scattering and the summons to professional mourners, 9:23-24 places the final contrast between human boasting and the knowledge of the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness. This ending anticipates the brief continuation in 9:25 while leaving the larger pattern of indictment and threatened exile unresolved until later chapters resume the same movement.
How is the passage structured?
The address begins with direct questions posed to the people of Jerusalem about falling without rising and returning without return. These questions give way to the LORD's report of listening for right speech and finding none who repent of harm. The comparison of the people's repeated course to a horse rushing into battle follows immediately, then yields to the contrast with the stork and turtledove that observe their appointed times.
The speech next confronts the claim that the law of the LORD belongs to the wise, exposing instead the lying pen of the scribes. This exposure leads without pause into the declaration that wives and fields will pass to others because greed runs from least to greatest and false dealing runs from prophet to priest. The people's own words then surface, urging flight into fortified cities where they expect to perish under poisoned water.
Their hope for peace collapses into terror at the sound of horses from Dan. The voice of personal grief interrupts at this point, expressing a broken heart over the wound of the daughter of the people and asking why no balm in Gilead restores health. The same voice wishes for a desert lodging to escape adulterers and treacherous men whose tongues bend like bows.
The LORD answers by announcing a refining and testing, then returns to the question whether punishment can be withheld. Instructions to summon mourning women follow, directing them to teach laments because death has entered palaces and bodies will lie unburied like dung. The final turn redirects any boasting away from wisdom, might, or riches toward the single object of understanding and knowing the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness.
What is the historical background?
Scribes in late seventh- and early sixth-century Judah copied, preserved, and taught the written law. Their work shaped how ordinary people encountered the LORD’s commands, so the charge that their pen turned the law into a lie points to a concrete failure in the transmission and application of that written tradition. The same social world assumed that wisdom belonged especially to those who handled such texts, which explains why the people could claim, “We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us.”
Seasonal migration of birds was a familiar sight in the hill country. Villagers watched the stork, turtledove, swallow, and crane return and depart at predictable times tied to planting and harvest. The contrast drawn with the people’s inability to recognize the LORD’s judgment therefore rests on an observable pattern of nature that everyone in an agrarian setting would recognize.
Dan marked the traditional northern limit of Israelite territory. When the text speaks of the snorting of horses heard from Dan, it evokes the route an invading army from the north would take along the main trade and military corridor. The trembling of the whole land follows directly from that geography.
Gilead, east of the Jordan, produced a resin long valued for its medicinal properties. The question whether there is no balm in Gilead therefore draws on a known regional product and the expectation that such a remedy should be available within the broader covenant territory.
Professional mourning women formed part of the public response to death and national disaster. Their skill lay in composing and leading laments that gave communal voice to grief. The command to summon them assumes this established practice for marking catastrophe.
Boasting in wisdom, might, or riches reflected ordinary ancient Near Eastern measures of status. The closing instruction redirects that impulse toward knowledge of the LORD’s own character—steadfast love, justice, and righteousness—rather than toward the conventional markers of success.
What does this passage teach about God?
The LORD confronts a people who treat return as optional even after repeated falls. Their perpetual faithlessness consists in holding fast to deceit rather than asking what they have done, so that repentance never interrupts the rush back to their course. This refusal is not mere forgetfulness; the birds observe their appointed times, yet Jerusalem does not know the judgment of the LORD. Knowledge of that judgment would have reordered their steps, but they have chosen instead to treat the law as an instrument they can rewrite.
The scribes’ lying pen exposes a deeper theological claim: wisdom cannot be possessed while the word of the LORD is rejected. Those who boast that the law is with them stand exposed as having no wisdom left once the word is set aside. From least to greatest the same pattern appears in the greed for unjust gain and the false declarations of peace. These practices are not private failings; they constitute a communal rejection that leaves the wound of the daughter of my people unhealed.
God’s response is both punitive and diagnostic. He gives wives and fields to others and sends serpents that cannot be charmed because the people have provoked him with carved images. At the same time he announces a refining and testing, asking what else he can do for the daughter of his people. The question implies that judgment itself belongs to the work of restoration, not merely to retribution. The land will become a desolation because the people forsook the law and walked after the Baal their fathers taught them, yet the same LORD who scatters them is the one who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness.
True boasting is therefore redirected away from wisdom, might, or riches toward the knowledge of this LORD. The passage presents that knowledge as the only ground that survives the coming overthrow, because it aligns the boaster with what the LORD himself delights to do in the land.
What are the interpretive difficulties?
One question concerns the voice that laments in 8:18–9:1. The LORD has been speaking through most of the preceding verses, yet the sudden cry “My joy is gone; grief is upon me; my heart is faint” and the wish that the speaker’s head were waters and eyes a fountain of tears sound more like the prophet’s own distress. The text supplies no marker that the speaker has changed, so the reader must decide whether the divine word itself carries this sorrow or whether Jeremiah’s response has been folded into the oracle.
A second issue centers on the charge in 8:8 that “the lying pen of the scribes has made it a lie.” The people claim the law of the LORD belongs to them, yet the accusation implies that written copies or interpretations circulating in Jerusalem have distorted what the LORD actually said. The passage does not identify which scribes or which portions of the law are in view, leaving open whether the problem lies in outright forgery, selective emphasis, or a deeper refusal to let the law judge the people’s conduct.
The questions about wisdom also remain unsettled. After declaring that the wise are put to shame because they have rejected the word of the LORD, the text asks in 9:12 who is wise enough to understand why the land lies ruined. The same section ends by urging anyone who boasts to boast only that he understands and knows the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness. Nothing in the verses explains how such knowledge can coexist with the announced scattering and the feeding of the people with bitter food.
Finally, the portrayal of the people’s motives stays ambiguous. They are said to hold fast to deceit and refuse to return, yet they also cry out that the LORD has doomed them and given them poisoned water to drink. The text records both their stubbornness and their sense of helplessness without reconciling the two descriptions.
Movement by movement
The People's Stubborn Refusal to Return8:4-9
Jerusalem clings to deceit rather than rising after a fall. The LORD asks whether people fall and do not rise or whether one who returns will not return, yet this people has turned away in perpetual faithlessness. They hold fast to deceit and refuse to return. The LORD listened and heard no one speaking rightly or repenting of harm by asking what he has done. Everyone returns to his course like a horse rushing into battle. Even the stork in the heavens knows her appointed times, and the turtledove, swallow, and crane observe the time of their coming, but my people do not know the judgment of the LORD. They claim to be wise because the law of the LORD is with them, yet the lying pen of the scribes has made it a lie. The wise are put to shame, dismayed and taken, because they have rejected the word of the LORD, leaving no wisdom in them.
Leaders' Greed and the Barren Land8:10-13
The LORD announces he will give their wives to others and their fields to new owners. This judgment rests on the fact that from the least to the greatest everyone is greedy for unjust gain, while prophet and priest alike deal falsely. Their words have only covered the wound of the daughter of my people with a thin layer, repeating peace when no peace is present. Because they committed abomination without shame and never learned to blush, they will fall among the fallen when punishment arrives. The LORD declares he will gather them and bring them to an end, so that no grapes remain on the vine and no figs on the fig tree. The leaf withers, and whatever he gives them they pass through without keeping. This barrenness matches the earlier refusal to return, showing that false speech from those who claim wisdom has left the land empty of fruit and the people without anything to hold.
The People Flee Yet Face Inescapable Judgment8:14-17
The people resolve to enter the fortified cities and perish there, declaring that the LORD their God has doomed them and given them poisoned water to drink because they have sinned. Their earlier search for peace has yielded only terror. From Dan the snorting of horses reaches them, and the neighing of strong ones makes the whole land tremble as the invaders devour city and countryside alike. The LORD then announces that he is sending serpents among them, adders that cannot be charmed, which will bite without remedy. The decision to withdraw behind walls therefore offers no shelter; the judgment already pronounced in the poisoned water now takes the form of an unstoppable advance from the north and a bite that no human skill can avert. The imagery moves from human initiative in flight to divine initiative in sending creatures that answer no call and respect no boundary, leaving the cities as places of certain consumption rather than refuge.
Jeremiah's Grief and the LORD's Decision to Refine8:18-9:9
The cry rises first: "My joy is gone; grief is upon me; my heart is faint." It meets the earlier report that no one repents of harm and that the people rush back to their course like a horse into battle. The voice hears the daughter of my people asking whether the LORD is absent from Zion, then names the carved images and foreign idols as the provocation. Harvest and summer end with no rescue. The wound of the daughter of my people breaks the heart further until the speaker wishes his head were waters and his eyes a fountain of tears to weep day and night for the slain. A traveler's lodging in the desert would offer escape from adulterers and treacherous men whose tongues bend like a bow so that falsehood prevails and no one knows the LORD. Because this is the case, the LORD of hosts declares he will refine them and test them. Their tongue remains a deadly arrow that speaks peace while the heart sets an ambush. The question follows whether punishment can be withheld from a nation that behaves this way.
Lament for the Ruined Land and Coming Exile9:10-16
Weeping and wailing rise for the mountains, and a lamentation follows for the pastures of the wilderness, because no one passes through and the lowing of cattle has fallen silent while birds and beasts have fled. The same voice declares that Jerusalem will become a heap of ruins and a lair of jackals, with the cities of Judah left without inhabitant. A question interrupts to ask who possesses the wisdom to understand this devastation and to whom the mouth of the LORD has spoken so that he might declare it. The LORD answers directly: the people forsook the law set before them, refused to obey his voice, and walked instead in stubborn pursuit of their own hearts after the Baal their fathers had taught them. Because of that choice the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, will feed them bitter food and give them poisonous water to drink, then scatter them among nations neither they nor their fathers have known while sending the sword after them until they are consumed.
Death Enters the Homes and True Boasting Is Named9:17-24
The LORD directs that mourning women be summoned at once, skilled in their craft, so they may raise a wailing over the people until eyes run down with tears. A sound already rises from Zion itself, declaring ruin and shame because the land has been left and dwellings cast down. The women must teach their daughters a lament and their neighbors a dirge, for death has come up into the windows and entered the palaces, cutting off children from the streets and young men from the squares. The dead bodies of men shall fall like dung upon the open field, like sheaves after the reaper with none to gather them. Against this scene the LORD forbids the wise man to boast in his wisdom, the mighty man in his might, or the rich man in his riches. The only permitted boast is that a person understands and knows the LORD, who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the land and delights in these things. The summons to professional mourners therefore gives way to a direct redefinition of what may still be claimed once every other ground for confidence has been removed by the judgment.
Notes accompany the Anselm Project Bible, an AI translation from the original languages. Tap any verse in the reader for the committee's word-level decisions.
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