Judgment on Edom
Jeremiah 49:7-22
Jer.49.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לאדום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האין: PART
- עוד: ADV
- חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בתימן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נסרחה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- חכמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:8-9 (verbal): Explicitly condemns the wise men of Edom/Teman—'I will destroy the wise men out of Edom'—closely echoes Jeremiah's question about the loss of wisdom in Teman.
- Amos 1:11 (verbal): Pronounces judgment on Edom and specifically on Teman ('I will send fire upon Teman'), linking Teman to Edom's coming ruin as Jeremiah declares loss of counsel.
- Job 4:1 (cf. Job 2:11) (allusion): Eliphaz is identified as 'the Temanite' and functions as a counselor in Job, reflecting the wider ancient reputation of Teman for wisdom that Jeremiah invokes rhetorically.
- Ezekiel 35:15 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle against Mount Seir/Edom pronounces devastation for Edom's hostility toward Israel, thematically parallel to Jeremiah's portrayal of Edom/Teman's collapse and loss of counsel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning Edom. Thus says the LORD of hosts: Is there no wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom decayed?
- To Edom—Thus says the LORD of hosts: Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the men of understanding? Has their wisdom decayed?
Jer.49.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הפנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- העמיקו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- לשבת: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- איד: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הבאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- פקדתיו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:1-21 (thematic): Whole-oracle against Edom (Esau): predicts Edom’s downfall for violence against Jacob — thematically parallels Jeremiah’s announcement that the time to punish Esau has come.
- Isaiah 34:5-6 (thematic): God’s vengeance on Idumea/Bozrah is depicted in apocalyptic terms — echoes Jeremiah’s judgment language concerning Esau/Edom and impending destruction.
- Jeremiah 25:23 (verbal): Lists Dedan among the nations to drink the cup of God’s wrath — directly connects to Jeremiah addressing the inhabitants of Dedan in 49:8.
- Ezekiel 27:20 (verbal): Names Dedan as merchant peoples (traders to Tyre) — a verbal/allusive link to the same Dedanite community addressed in Jeremiah 49:8.
- Ezekiel 35:7, 15 (thematic): Oracle against Mount Seir/Edom promising desolation for enmity toward Israel — parallels Jeremiah’s pronouncement of punishment on Esau/Edom and the call for towns to flee.
Alternative generated candidates
- Flee, turn back, dwell in the depths, O inhabitants of Dedan; for Esau has been made desolate—I will bring upon him the day of his visitation.
- Flee, turn aside, hide yourselves, inhabitants of Dedan; for Esau has become a spoil. I have brought the time of my visitation upon him.
Jer.49.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- בצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישארו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- עוללות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אם: CONJ
- גנבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השחיתו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- דים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ezek.7:17-19 (thematic): Ezekiel depicts foreign raiders and general pillage that strip people of silver and gold and leave nothing—echoing Jeremiah’s image of nocturnal thieves who despoil until satisfied as a form of judgment.
- Prov.6:30-31 (verbal): Proverbs speaks of a thief who steals (to satisfy immediate need) and the consequences; the explicit motif of theft and taking until one is satisfied parallels Jeremiah’s ‘thieves in the night’ image.
- 1 Thess.5:2 (structural): Paul’s ‘day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night’ uses the same sudden-night-raid metaphor to describe unexpected divine judgment, corresponding to Jeremiah’s surprise attack imagery.
- Rev.16:15 (structural): The declaration ‘Behold, I come like a thief’ (and the call to watchfulness) employs the thief-at-night motif to portray sudden eschatological visitation, paralleling Jeremiah’s use of nocturnal plunder as judgement imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- If vintagers came to you, no gleaning would be left; if thieves came by night, they would ravage utterly.
- If grape-gatherers came to you, would they not leave gleanings? If thieves came by night, would they not wreck until morning?
Jer.49.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- חשפתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גליתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מסתריו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- ונחבה: VERB,niph,perf,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יוכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זרעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ואחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- ושכניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- ואיננו: VERB,qal,pres,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:6 (verbal): Obadiah uses near-identical language about searching out Esau's hidden things (“How are the things of Esau searched out! how are his hidden things sought up!”), echoing Jeremiah’s image of uncovering Esau’s secrets and loss of refuge.
- Isaiah 34:5-6 (thematic): Isaiah announces divine judgment against Edom/Idumea—God’s sword coming down and vengeance on the nations—paralleling Jeremiah’s oracle of exposure and destruction of Esau/Edom.
- Ezekiel 35:12 (thematic): Ezekiel pronounces punishment on Mount Seir/Edom for hostility to Israel, describing loss and dispossession of the Edomites—similar theme of exposed hiding-places and defeat in Jeremiah.
- Amos 1:11-12 (thematic): Amos declares judgment on Edom for violence against his brother Jacob and foretells ruin of Teman—aligning with Jeremiah’s depiction of Esau’s inability to protect his offspring and neighbors.
- Malachi 1:3 (allusion): Malachi cites God’s choice of Jacob over Esau ('I have loved Jacob; but Esau I have hated'), reflecting the tradition of divine judgment and reversal that underlies Jeremiah’s oracle against Esau/Edom.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I have uncovered Esau's deeds, I have laid bare his hidden things; he could not plunder his offspring, his brother, or his neighbors—he is no more.
- For I have uncovered Esau, I have laid bare his hiding places; he shall not be able to carry off plunder—his offspring, his brethren, and his neighbors—there is none left.
Jer.49.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עזבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- יתמיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:2ms
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואלמנתיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:2ms
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- תבטחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 68:5 (verbal): Portrays God as father/judge of the fatherless and protector of widows—echoes Jeremiah’s promise to preserve/revive the orphaned and widowed.
- Psalm 146:9 (thematic): Affirms that the Lord upholds the widow and the fatherless; parallels the theme of divine care for society’s vulnerable found in Jer 49:11.
- Isaiah 49:15 (allusion): God’s insistence that he will not forget or abandon the needy remnant parallels Jeremiah’s assurance to revive and be trusted by the widowed and orphaned.
- James 1:27 (thematic): New Testament summation of prophetic concern: true religion cares for widows and orphans—thematises the same divine/ethical priority reflected in Jer 49:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will revive your orphans; I will preserve your widows—upon me shall they trust.
- I will revive your orphans; your widows shall put their trust in me.
Jer.49.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנה: PART
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אין: PART,neg
- משפטם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- לשתות: INF,qal
- הכוס: NOUN,f,sg,def
- שתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ישתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- נקה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תנקה: VERB,niphal,impf,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- תנקה: VERB,niphal,impf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- שתה: VERB,qal,impv,2,sg
- תשתה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:15-16, 27-29 (verbal): Jeremiah instructed to 'take the cup of the wine of this wrath' and make nations 'drink' it — same cup-as-judgment language and imagery of nations drinking God's wrath.
- Isaiah 51:17, 22-23 (verbal): Uses the 'cup' motif for divine punishment (Jerusalem called to awake because she has drunk the cup of the Lord's wrath); Isaiah 51:22 explicitly speaks of taking the cup from the people's hand — closely related vocabulary and theme.
- Psalm 75:8 (thematic): Declares that 'in the hand of the LORD there is a cup' whose dregs the wicked will drink — same theological motif of God‑given cup as instrument of retributive judgment.
- Ezekiel 23:31-34 (thematic): Describes Jerusalem and Samaria drinking a cup of wrath and becoming drunk with their punishment — parallels the motif of nations drinking a cup that signifies defilement and judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD: Behold, those whose judgment has not been poured out shall drink—it is theirs to drink. And you—you will not be cleansed; you shall not be cleansed, for you have drunk, and you shall drink.
- For thus says the LORD: Behold, those whose cause is unjust must drink the cup—they have drained it. And you—will you be cleansed? No, you shall not be cleansed; because you have drunk, you shall drink.
Jer.49.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לחרפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולקללה: CONJ
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- בצרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עריה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3f
- תהיינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- לחרבות: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:10-14 (thematic): Direct oracle against Edom (Esau): condemns its violence toward Jacob/Israel and promises devastation and loss of territory—paralleling Jeremiah’s doom on Bozrah/Edom.
- Isaiah 34:5-8 (thematic): Pronounces the LORD’s day of vengeance and desolation on the nations (including Edom in prophetic tradition), using language of perpetual ruin similar to Jeremiah’s judgment on Bozrah.
- Amos 1:11-12 (thematic): Explicit judgment on Edom for violence and breach of covenant, with punishment leading to ruin—echoes Jeremiah’s charge that Edomite cities will become perpetual wastes.
- Ezekiel 35:12-15 (thematic): Oracle against Mount Seir/Edom announcing desolation because of hostility toward Israel; parallels Jeremiah’s threat that Bozrah and its cities will be destroyed and shamed.
- Isaiah 45:23 (verbal): Uses the same oath-formula (“by myself I have sworn”) as the divine basis for an irrevocable decree—parallels Jeremiah’s opening formula invoking God’s sworn judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I have sworn by myself, declares the LORD, that it shall be for shame, for reproach, for ruin and for a curse; it shall become distress, and all its cities shall be perpetual wastes.
- For by me I have sworn, declares the LORD, that for shame and for reproach, for the sword and for a curse you shall be brought low; all your cities shall be perpetual ruins.
Jer.49.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שמועה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- מאת: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וציר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלוח: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- התקבצו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- ובאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- וקומו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:4 (verbal): Speaks of a tumult of peoples and kingdoms 'gathered together' for battle—language and theme of nations assembling closely parallel Jeremiah's report of an envoy summoning the nations.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (thematic): God declares He will 'send' and use the peoples of the north as agents of judgment—parallels the motif of God dispatching forces among the nations to come against a target.
- Jeremiah 51:11 (verbal): Describes the LORD stirring up the Medes and arming them ('make bright the arrows; gather the shields')—a parallel image of God rousing foreign powers to attack a city.
- Zechariah 12:2-3 (thematic): Foretells all nations assembling against Jerusalem and rising for battle—similar depiction of international mobilization against a city.
- Joel 3:9-12 (structural): A prophetic summons 'Proclaim ye this among the nations: Assemble...' calling nations to gather for judgment in a valley—structurally similar to the envoy's call to collect forces in Jeremiah 49:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have heard a report from the LORD, and an envoy has gone out among the nations: They have assembled and come; they have risen up against her—they have come for battle.
- I have heard a report from the LORD, and an envoy has been sent among the nations: they have gathered and come against her—rise up for battle.
Jer.49.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- הנה: PART
- קטן: ADJ,m,sg
- נתתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בזוי: ADJ,m,sg
- באדם: PREP
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:2 (verbal): Nearly identical language and thought: God declares He will make the addressee small among the nations and utterly despised — direct verbal parallel in an oracle against Edom/Idumea.
- Ezekiel 35:12-15 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle against Mount Seir/Edom speaks of bringing shame, desolation and humiliation on Edom — parallels Jeremiah's judgmental theme of being made 'small' and despised.
- Isaiah 34:5-6 (structural): Isaiah's pronouncement against Idumea/Edom uses the same prophetic structure (divine war and desolation) and outcome (disgrace/destruction) corresponding to Jeremiah's humiliation motif.
- Amos 1:11-12 (thematic): Amos condemns Edom for violent transgressions and announces punitive humiliation and loss of their standing among nations — thematically aligned with Jeremiah's declaration of being 'made small' and despised.
Alternative generated candidates
- For behold, I have made you small among the nations, despised among mankind.
- For behold, I have made you small among the nations, despised among mankind.
Jer.49.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תפלצתך: NOUN,f,sg,suf
- השיא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,ms,sg
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- זדון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- שכני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בחגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תפשי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מרום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תגביה: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- כנשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- משם: PREP
- אורידך: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel — 'the pride of your heart has deceived you... you who dwell in the clefts of the rock... though you soar like the eagle... from there I will bring you down.'
- Isaiah 14:13-15 (thematic): Theme of proud ascent and divine humiliation — the boastful determination to 'ascend' is met by God's bringing down the proud.
- Ezekiel 17:3-10 (allusion): Uses eagle imagery and a high, exalted shoot/branch taken down — similar metaphor of lofty habitation and subsequent divine removal.
- Job 39:27-30 (verbal): Descriptive imagery of the eagle dwelling on high in rocks and making its nest on cliffs, paralleling the motif of birds/nests on high places.
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (thematic): Portrays a proud, towering tree (a ruler/nation) exalted above others and then felled — comparable motif of elevation followed by judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your violence has deceived you—the pride of your heart. You who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill: though you set your nest as high as the eagle, from there I will bring you down, declares the LORD.
- Your pride has deceived you, the arrogance of your heart—O dweller in the clefts of the rock, who makes your home on the high hill: though you soar like an eagle and set your nest among the stars, from there I will bring you down, declares the LORD.
Jer.49.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- ישם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וישרק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- מכותה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:10-15 (thematic): Obadiah announces Edom's downfall and humiliation—nations will judge and mock Edom for its violence against Israel, echoing Jeremiah's picture of Edom made a horror that passersby will hiss at.
- Joel 3:19 (verbal): Joel (3:19) explicitly calls Edom a 'desolate wilderness' because of violence against Judah, closely paralleling Jeremiah's language of Edom becoming a desolation that provokes horror and scorn.
- Ezekiel 35:15 (verbal): Ezekiel pronounces that Edom will be made a perpetual desolation and its rejoicing over Israel will be turned to shame—language echoing Jeremiah's image of Edom reduced to a horror at which people will hiss.
- Isaiah 34:5-6 (thematic): Isaiah depicts divine judgment on the nations (including Edom/Seir) resulting in destruction and horror; the theme of divine retribution producing desolation and public scorn parallels Jeremiah's verse.
Alternative generated candidates
- Edom shall be made a horror; every passerby will be appalled and will hiss at all her wounds.
- Edom shall be a horror; every passerby will hiss at all her wounds.
Jer.49.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כמהפכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועמרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושכניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יגור: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 19:24-25 (allusion): The original account of God’s overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah—the historical event Jeremiah invokes as the model for total destruction and desolation.
- Isaiah 13:19-20 (verbal): Isaiah declares Babylon will become like Sodom and Gomorrah and ‘never be inhabited,’ echoing Jeremiah’s language about no one dwelling there.
- Amos 4:11 (verbal): God says He overturned some of Israel ‘as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah,’ using the same comparative formula of utter overthrow found in Jeremiah 49:18.
- 2 Peter 2:6 (allusion): The New Testament cites the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of divine judgment and total destruction—paralleling Jeremiah’s use of that event as the archetype of desolation.
Alternative generated candidates
- As when Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighbors were overthrown, says the LORD, no one shall live there, and no mortal shall sojourn in it.
- Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighbors—declares the LORD—no one shall live there, no mortal shall dwell in it.
Jer.49.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- כאריה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מגאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- נוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- ארגיעה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- אריצנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- מעליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ומי: PRON,interr
- בחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אפקד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- כמוני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ומי: PRON,interr
- יעידני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,sg
- ומי: PRON,interr
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעמד: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
Parallels
- Isaiah 40:25 (verbal): Rhetorical challenge 'To whom then will ye liken me? Who is equal to me?' echoes Jeremiah's series of questions 'Who is like me? and who will appoint me?,' stressing God's uniqueness and sovereignty.
- Hosea 5:14 (thematic): God depicted as a lion bringing judgment ('I will be as a lion to them') parallels Jeremiah's image of a lion coming up from the Jordan as an agent of divine judgment.
- Psalm 89:6 (Heb. 89:7) (verbal): The psalm's rhetorical 'Who in the heavens can be compared to the LORD?' complements Jeremiah's 'Who is like me?,' a common biblical motif asserting God's incomparable status.
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (structural): The shepherd motif and God's role in opposing false leaders and caring/judging the flock resonates with Jeremiah's question about 'who is the shepherd that shall stand before me?,' linking divine judgment/leadership themes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, like a lion he will rise from the thickets of the Jordan to the secure pasture. For I will make him suddenly flee from there; who is the chosen one I will appoint over it? Who is like me, who will summon me? And who is the shepherd who will stand before me?
- Behold, like a lion he comes up from the thickets of the Jordan to a secure pasture; I will make him a spoil there and take his prey away—who is like me, who will summon me? Who is the shepherd who can stand before me?
Jer.49.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- עצת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחשבותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- תימן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יסחבום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,pl
- צעירי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- נוהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:9 (verbal): Names Teman and predicts the dismay/cutting off of Edom’s warriors—parallels Jeremiah’s purpose against Teman and the falling of young men and warriors.
- Amos 1:12 (verbal): Judgment on Teman/Bozrah — 'I will send fire upon Teman' echoes Jeremiah’s oracle against Edom/Teman and the destruction foretold.
- Isaiah 63:1 (allusion): The imagery of one 'coming from Edom' with garments stained (divine vengeance) alludes to Yahweh’s execution of judgment on Edom as in Jeremiah 49.
- Ezekiel 35:15 (thematic): Pronounces desolation on Edom for rejoicing over Israel’s ruin—matches Jeremiah’s theme of divine counsel and punitive action against Edom/Teman.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD concerning Edom, and his purposes against the inhabitants of Teman: If their young of the flock are not carried off, will not their folds be made desolate? If he sets no guard over them, will not the captors make a cry against them?
- Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD that he has plotted against Edom, and the purposes he has formed against the inhabitants of Teman: 'Shall I not drag them off, my young and the flocks? Shall I not set a roar against them?'
Jer.49.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- רעשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- צעקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשמע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- קולה: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,f
Parallels
- Isaiah 17:12-13 (verbal): Speaks of the uproar and roaring of many peoples 'like the roaring of the sea'—parallel verbal imagery of a great noise compared to the sea that echoes Jeremiah's 'cry heard at the Red Sea.'
- Joel 2:10 (thematic): Describes the earth shaking and the heavens trembling before an advancing host; parallels Jeremiah's motif of cosmic disturbance at the fall of a people.
- Habakkuk 3:6 (thematic): God 'stood and shook the earth' and nations trembled—uses the same theme of the earth convulsing in response to divine action or judgment as in Jeremiah 49:21.
- Nahum 1:5-6 (allusion): Mountains quake, hills melt, the earth is shaken at the LORD's presence—cosmic upheaval language that echoes Jeremiah's description of the earth trembling and a cry heard to the sea.
Alternative generated candidates
- A cry—there is a fall! The earth trembles, the outcry is heard as far as the Red Sea.
- At the sound of their fall the earth trembles; their cry is heard at the Red Sea.
Jer.49.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- כנשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וידאה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויפרש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כנפיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- בצרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 63:1 (allusion): Mentions Bozrah and judgment on Edom—shares the Bozrah/Edom setting and the motif of divine warrior coming from Bozrah.
- Deuteronomy 28:49 (verbal): Uses the simile of an enemy 'as an eagle' swooping down—parallel imagery of a swift, winged destroyer.
- Exodus 19:4 (thematic): God 'bore you on eagles' wings'—related wing/eagle imagery used to describe powerful carrying or swooping action (contrast between deliverance and assault).
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Speaks of people being 'in pain as a woman that travaileth'—same simile applied to the terror/panic of warriors in prophetic judgment oracles.
- Revelation 12:14 (thematic): The woman is given 'two wings of a great eagle' to flee—another use of eagle-wings imagery for sudden movement/escape in prophetic/apocalyptic context.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, he will soar up like an eagle, he will spread his wings over Bozrah; and the heart of the mighty men of Edom on that day shall be like a woman's in travail.
- Behold, he will come up like an eagle and spread his wings over Bozrah; the heart of the warriors of Edom on that day shall be like the heart of a woman in labor.
To Edom: Thus says the LORD of hosts: Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the men of understanding? Has their wisdom decayed?
Flee, turn back, dwell deep, inhabitants of Dedan; for Esau has been made desolate—I bring upon him the time of my visitation.
If gleaners come to you, they will not leave a gleaning; if thieves come by night, they will strip you bare.
For I have uncovered Esau and revealed his hidden places; he cannot hide. His offspring, his brothers and his neighbors are destroyed—there is none to rescue them.
You have abandoned your fatherless—I will preserve them; and as for your widows, they shall put their trust in me.
For thus says the LORD: Behold, those whose judgment is perverse shall drink—the cup they will drink. And you: there will be no cleansing for you; you shall drink, you shall drink.
For I have sworn by myself, declares the LORD, that you shall become a reproach, a curse, and a ruin; in distress you shall be, and all your cities shall be everlasting desolations.
I have heard a report from the LORD, and a messenger has been sent among the nations: they have gathered and come against her; arise for battle.
For behold, I have made you small among the nations; you are held in contempt among mankind.
Your pride has deceived you—the insolence of your heart. You who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill: though you mount up like an eagle and set your nest on high, from there I will bring you down, declares the LORD.
Edom shall become a horror; every passerby will hiss and wag his hand at all her wounds.
Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighbors, says the LORD—no one shall dwell there, no mortal shall settle in it.
See, one comes up like a lion from the pride of the Jordan to feed in the pastureland; when I make him suddenly flee from there, who is the chosen one to set him in place? Who is like me—who can summon me? And who is the shepherd that will stand before me?
Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD that he has devised against Edom, and his plans concerning the people of Teman: Will he not snatch away their young as prey? Will he not make their pasture a desolation?
By the sound of their fall the earth trembles; their cry is heard at the Red Sea.
Behold, he comes like an eagle, he stirs himself and spreads his wings over Bozrah; and the heart of the warriors of Edom on that day shall be like the heart of a woman in labor.