Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption
2 Chronicles 26:1-23
2 C.26.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- את: PRT,acc
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימליכו: VERB,hiph,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- תחת: PREP
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:1-2 (verbal): Gives the same information about Azariah (Uzziah) succeeding Amaziah and beginning to reign at sixteen—direct parallel in wording and facts.
- 2 Chronicles 25:27-28 (structural): Narrates the death/removal of Amaziah immediately before the accession of his son, providing the narrative context for 26:1.
- 1 Chronicles 3:10-11 (structural): Genealogical listing that identifies Uzziah/Azariah as son of Amaziah and places him in the royal succession, paralleling the accession statement in 2 Chronicles 26:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah.
- All the people of Judah took Uzziah; he was sixteen years old, and they made him king in place of his father Amaziah.
2 C.26.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אילות: NOUN,prop,f,pl,abs
- וישיבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ליהודה: PREP+PN,masc,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- שכב: VERB,qal,inf
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:2-7 (verbal): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah’s reign in Kings; the Kings narrative corresponds to Chronicles’ report about his reign and the recovery of Elath (Eloth).
- 1 Kings 9:26 (thematic): Mentions Eloth/Elath in Solomon’s building activity on the Red Sea — shows the same port-town (Eloth) elsewhere in the biblical narrative.
- 2 Chronicles 26:23 (structural): Uses the same royal formula “slept with his fathers” and completes the narrative of Uzziah’s death and burial within Chronicles, mirroring the death notice implied in 26:2.
- 2 Kings 15:32-38 (verbal): Later verses in Kings that continue the parallel history of Judah’s kingship (including the transition after Uzziah/Azariah), providing the broader Kings-Chronicles correspondence for this period.
Alternative generated candidates
- He rebuilt Elath and restored it to Judah after the king slept with his fathers.
- He rebuilt Elath and restored it to Judah, after the king had rested with his fathers.
2 C.26.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- ושתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יכליה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:2 (quotation): Gives the same regnal data (age at accession, length of reign) and the mother's name (Jecoliah/Jecholiah); essentially a near-verbatim parallel in the Kings account.
- 2 Kings 12:1 (structural): Example of the common regnal formula used in Kings/Chronicles ('X years old when he began to reign...'); shows the standardized way royal biographies record age and reign length.
- 2 Chronicles 24:1 (verbal): Another Chronicler's king-list entry that includes the mother's name alongside age and reign (Joash), illustrating the Chronicler's pattern of reporting maternal identification.
- 2 Chronicles 26:16 (thematic): Later verse in the same chapter describing Uzziah's pride and punishment (leprosy); thematically linked to the biographical data in 26:3 by tracing the course and outcome of his long reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign; he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-two years. His mother's name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
- Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign; he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
2 C.26.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:3 (verbal): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah stating he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD like his father Amaziah — a direct verbal parallel to the Chronicler's line.
- 2 Chronicles 25:2 (thematic): Describes Amaziah (the father named in 2 Chr 26:4) as doing what was right in the sight of the LORD; provides the ethical standard to which Uzziah is compared.
- 1 Kings 15:11 (structural): Asa is described as doing what was right in the eyes of the LORD like his predecessor (David), illustrating the common royal formula the Chronicler uses to evaluate kings.
- 2 Chronicles 26:5 (structural): Immediate literary continuation in the same chapter: after asserting Uzziah ‘did right,’ the narrator adds that he sought God — a standard evaluative pattern linking 'doing right' with seeking the Lord.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was right before the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done.
- He did what was right before the LORD, in accord with all that his father Amaziah had done.
2 C.26.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- זכריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המבין: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
- בראת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובימי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דרשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הצליחו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:5 (verbal): Almost identical wording: Uzziah (Azariah) sought God in the days of Zechariah who had insight in God's visions, and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper (direct parallel/duplicate account).
- 2 Chronicles 17:3 (thematic): Of Jehoshaphat: because he sought the LORD with all his heart God established his kingdom — similar theme that wholehearted seeking of God brings divine favor and success.
- 2 Kings 18:7 (thematic): Of Hezekiah: the LORD was with him and prospered him; parallels the motif that God's presence with a king who trusts/seeks Him results in success and security.
- Psalm 1:3 (thematic): The righteous person who delights in the law is like a tree planted by streams of water that prospers — a wisdom/poetic parallel linking faithful devotion to flourishing/prosperity.
Alternative generated candidates
- He sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions of God; and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper.
- He sought God in the days of Zechariah the seer, who had insight into God's visions; and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper.
2 C.26.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בפלשתים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויפרץ: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- גת: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יבנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אשדוד: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ויבנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- באשדוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובפלשתים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:1-7 (structural): Parallel royal summary of Uzziah/Azariah (same king under variant name); the Kings account covers his reign and fate but omits the detailed Philistine sieges found in Chronicles.
- 2 Chronicles 26:15 (verbal): Immediate structural parallel within the same chapter: verse 15 lists Uzziah’s military strength, engines and fortifications, providing the broader military context for the captured/built Philistine towns mentioned in v.6.
- 1 Chronicles 18:1 (verbal): David’s victory over the Philistines with the capture of Gath and its towns—verbal/thematic overlap in taking or breaking Philistine cities and incorporating them into Israelite control.
- 2 Samuel 5:17-25 (thematic): David’s repeated clashes with the Philistines and divine-assisted victories—the broader biblical theme of Israelite kings defeating Philistine strongholds echoes Uzziah’s destruction of Philistine walls and expansion into their territory.
Alternative generated candidates
- He went out and fought against the Philistines and broke down the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod, and he built towns about Ashdod and among the Philistines.
- He went out and fought against the Philistines and broke down the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod, and he built cities in Ashdod and among the Philistines.
2 C.26.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעזרהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הערבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הישבים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl,def
- בגור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמעונים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:6 (verbal): Same episode: immediately before v.7 the text recounts Uzziah’s campaigns against the Philistines and building projects—verse 7 continues the report that God gave him success.
- 2 Chronicles 26:5 (thematic): States the principle behind Uzziah’s success: as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper—background cause for God helping him in v.7.
- 2 Kings 15:8 (verbal): Parallel royal annal in Kings describing Uzziah/Azariah’s victories over the Philistines and his fortification work (same historical tradition as Chronicles).
- 2 Samuel 5:17-25 (thematic): David’s encounters with the Philistines where the LORD grants victory—illustrates the recurrent biblical motif of Yahweh aiding Israelite kings against Philistine foes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabians who lived in Gur‑baal and the Mehunites.
- God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabs who lived in Gur‑baal and the Meunites.
2 C.26.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- העמונים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לעזיהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- החזיק: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- למעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:8 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel in Kings: the Ammonites brought tribute to Uzziah and his name reached Egypt because he was strong.
- 2 Chronicles 26:5 (thematic): Explains the cause of Uzziah’s success — he sought the LORD and God made him prosper, accounting for his fame and power.
- 2 Chronicles 26:6 (thematic): Describes Uzziah’s military victories (against the Philistines and others), which underpin the statement that his renown reached distant lands.
- Isaiah 6:1 (allusion): Isaiah dates his vision 'in the year that King Uzziah died,' indicating Uzziah’s prominence in Judah’s history and the wider historical context of his reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Ammonites also paid tribute to Uzziah, and his renown became great to the entrance of Egypt, for he became very strong.
- The Ammonites brought tribute to Uzziah, and his renown reached to the border of Egypt, for he became exceedingly strong.
2 C.26.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מגדלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגיא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- המקצוע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויחזקם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:35 (verbal): Direct parallel account: Uzziah (Azariah) builds and fortifies towers in Jerusalem in the Deuteronomistic history version of the same event.
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Call to rebuild Jerusalem's walls and gates; parallels the motive and activity of restoring and strengthening Jerusalem's defenses.
- Psalm 48:12-13 (Hebrew 48:13-14) (thematic): Speaks of walking around Zion and 'telling the towers' of Jerusalem, reflecting the city's towers as notable elements of its fortification and identity.
- 2 Chr. 14:6 (structural): Asa's building and fortifying of cities and stopping breaches provides a comparable royal activity within Chronicles—strengthening Judah's towns and defenses.
Alternative generated candidates
- He built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate, and at the corner tower, and he fortified them.
- Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate, and at the Corner, and fortified them.
2 C.26.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מגדלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחצב: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- ברות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ובשפלה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובמישור: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אכרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכרמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בהרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובכרמל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אהב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדמה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.26.12-22 (verbal): Isaac digs wells and is agriculturally prosperous (sows and reaps, has flocks); explicit mention of digging wells and owning many livestock parallels Uzziah’s wells and large herds.
- 2Kgs.15.1-7 (structural): Alternative/parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah’s reign; both passages portray the same king’s prosperity and strength, providing a complementary narrative frame.
- 1Kgs.4.20-28 (thematic): Solomon’s description of nationwide prosperity—large populations, abundant food, flocks, vineyards and orchards—parallels the motif of a king whose wealth rests on agriculture and livestock.
- Deut.8.7-10 (thematic): Portrait of the Promised Land as fertile with springs, vines and grain; thematically related to the chronicler’s emphasis on land, cultivation and wells as marks of blessing and wealth.
Alternative generated candidates
- He built towers in the wilderness and hewed many cisterns, for he had much livestock both in the lowlands and in the plain; he had farmers and vinedressers in the mountains and in Carmel, for he loved the soil.
- He built towers in the wilderness and dug many cisterns, for he had many cattle; he had farmers in the lowland and in the plains, with vineyards and oliveyards on the hill country and in Carmel, for he loved the soil.
2 C.26.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לעזיהו: PREP+NOUN,prop,ms,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יוצאי: PTCP,qal,ptcp,pres,m,pl
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- לגדוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פקדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יעיאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הסופר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומעשיהו: CONJ+NOUN,prop,ms,abs
- השוטר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנניהו: NOUN,prop,ms,abs
- משרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:13-15 (verbal): Parallel narrative in the Deuteronomistic history describing Uzziah/Azariah’s military organization and the officials who commanded his forces; many names and functions correspond to Chronicles’ account.
- 2 Chronicles 26:5 (thematic): Earlier verse in the same chapter that explains the cause of Uzziah’s military success—he sought God and prospered—providing theological background for the army described in v.11.
- 2 Chronicles 26:8-9 (thematic): Nearby verses recount Uzziah’s campaigns, fortification work, and expansion of territory, directly related to the existence and use of the armed force governed by the officers named in v.11.
- 1 Chronicles 27:25-31 (structural): Describes David’s administrative and military organization (officers, scribes, provisioners), offering a structural parallel to Chronicles’ depiction of royal military officers and scribes under Uzziah.
- 2 Chronicles 26:15 (thematic): Later verse describing Uzziah’s innovations in war matériel and armaments, illustrating the military strength and activity implied by the organized forces and officers mentioned in v.11.
Alternative generated candidates
- His army prepared for war were the valiant men: commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, under the authority of Jehiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer and with Hananiah, the king’s appointed men.
- Uzziah had an army to go out at the command of the king to make war. The commanders of the forces were Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer, under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king's captains.
2 C.26.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- האבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לגבורי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:11 (structural): Immediate context listing the same 'chiefs of the mighty men' whom Uzziah assigned as captains and rulers — the verse continues the same military enumeration.
- 2 Chronicles 26:9 (thematic): Describes Uzziah's growing military strength and success ('marvellously helped, till he was strong'), providing the background for the large number of mighty men.
- 2 Kings 15:3-7 (structural): Parallel Deuteronomistic account of Azariah/Uzziah that repeats the king’s righteousness and successes; corresponds to Chronicles’ narrative about his military power and officials.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10 (verbal): Uses the same language of 'chiefs of the mighty men' (gibborim) in listing leaders of a king's armed forces, paralleling the social/military category referenced in 2 Chr 26:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- The total number of the heads of the fathers’ houses of the mighty men was two thousand six hundred.
- All the heads of the fathers of the mighty men numbered two thousand six hundred.
2 C.26.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושבעת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עושי: PART,qal,ptcp,mp
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בכח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעזר: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- האויב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:11 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter: the preceding verse lists Uzziah's 2,600 valiant men and military preparations; v.13 continues the numerical enumeration of troops who supported the king.
- 2 Kings 15:1–7 (structural): Parallel account of Uzziah (Azariah) in the Kings narrative—corresponding royal biography that covers his reign and military activity (Chronicles expands details and numbers).
- 2 Chronicles 25:5 (thematic): Amaziah's muster of troops (reporting large numbers, e.g., 300,000 chosen men) — thematically parallels Chronicles' practice of enumerating royal armies and military support.
- 1 Chronicles 12:23–40 (thematic): Lists and numbers of warriors who joined David, serving a similar function to v.13 by recording the composition and scale of forces rallying to a king.
Alternative generated candidates
- Under their command were three hundred and seven thousand and five hundred ready for battle, who could handle the spear and shield to help the king against the enemy.
- By their hand there were three hundred seven thousand five hundred fighting men who made war for the king against the enemy.
2 C.26.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- הצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מגנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ורמחים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכובעים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושרינות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וקשתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ולאבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,constr
- קלעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:1-7 (structural): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah's reign in the book of Kings (same king and general prosperity); Chronicles adds material details (e.g., arms manufacture) that Kings omits.
- 1 Chronicles 12:38 (verbal): Lists warriors who came to David with arms—shields, spears, helmets, coats of mail—language closely parallel to Chronicles' catalogue of military equipment.
- 1 Samuel 17:38-39 (thematic): Mentions helmet and coat of mail (Saul's armor) and David's interaction with them; parallels the types of personal military gear listed in 2 Chr 26:14.
- Nehemiah 4:16-18 (thematic): Describes workers/builders also bearing arms (swords, shields, etc.) while they worked—reflects the practice of provisioning and arming personnel for defense, similar to Uzziah equipping his army.
Alternative generated candidates
- Uzziah made for all the army shields, spears, helmets, coats of mail, bows, and slingstones.
- Uzziah provided for them shields, spears, helmets, coats of mail, bows, and sling‑stones.
2 C.26.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חשבנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מחשבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חושב: PART,qal,ptc,m,sg
- להיות: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA
- על: PREP
- המגדלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הפנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לירוא: VERB,qal,inf
- בחצים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובאבנים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- למרחוק: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- הפליא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- להעזר: VERB,hith,inf
- עד: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:1-7 (structural): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah’s reign: affirms his military success and ultimate downfall (leprosy); Chronicles adds technical detail about his war machines that Kings omits.
- 2 Chronicles 26:16 (thematic): Immediate literary contrast within the same chapter: after recounting Uzziah’s military prowess and renown, the next verse links his success to pride and subsequent punishment.
- 2 Chronicles 32:5 (thematic): Hezekiah’s preparation and manufacture of weapons and defenses: another Judean king’s activity in strengthening cities and armaments, paralleling Uzziah’s engineering and military enhancements.
- Psalm 144:1 (thematic): Attributes skill in war to divine help (‘who trains my hands for war’), echoing the statement that Uzziah ‘was marvelously helped’ and became strong.
- 1 Kings 10:23 (thematic): Solomon’s renowned excellence among kings—fame spreading far—parallels the notice that Uzziah’s name went out to the ends of the land because of his extraordinary success.
Alternative generated candidates
- He also made in Jerusalem engines designed by skillful men to be on the towers and on the corners, to shoot arrows and great stones; and his fame spread far, for he was marvelously helped until he grew strong.
- In Jerusalem he made engines, devised by a skilled craftsman, to be on the towers and at the corners for shooting arrows and large stones. His fame went out far, for he was marvelously helped until he grew strong.
2 C.26.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכחזקתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבה: ADJ,m,sg
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- להשחית: VERB,hif,inf
- וימעל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- היכל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להקטיר: VERB,hiph,inf
- על: PREP
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:5 (verbal): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah's act — the same report that he grew proud, entered the temple, and offered incense, leading to judgment.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (structural): Nadab and Abihu's offering of unauthorized fire before the LORD; a priestly misstep punished immediately, paralleling unauthorized cultic action and divine judgment.
- Numbers 16:31-35 (structural): Korah's rebellion and the earth swallowing the offenders; another case of presumptuous challenge to divinely appointed worship/office and swift punitive consequence.
- 1 Samuel 2:12-17 (thematic): Eli's sons' corrupt and selfish behavior in the priestly service; highlights improper conduct by those associated with priesthood and prophetic condemnation of such abuses.
- Proverbs 16:18 (thematic): General proverb linking pride (his heart being lifted up) to destruction — a concise wisdom parallel to the chronicler's theological interpretation of Uzziah's fall.
Alternative generated candidates
- But when he became strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction, and he transgressed against the LORD his God, entering the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense.
- But when he was strong his heart was lifted up to his destruction; he acted arrogantly against the LORD his God and entered the house of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense.
2 C.26.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
- כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שמונים: NUM,card,pl,m
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:18 (structural): Immediate continuation: the priests (led by Azariah) confront Uzziah and rebuke him for burning incense—directly linked episode and the priestly opposition described in v.17.
- 2 Kings 15:5 (structural): Parallel summary in Kings of the outcome: Uzziah is struck with leprosy and lives separately—connects the priests' intervention in Chronicles with the resulting punishment reported in Kings.
- Leviticus 10:1-7 (thematic): The story of Nadab and Abihu (unauthorized fire) underscores the holiness regulations and severe consequences when proper cultic boundaries are violated—parallels the priests' defense of proper sacrificial/ sacerdotal order against a royal intrusion.
- Leviticus 21:10-12 (thematic): Priestly regulations about who may approach the sanctuary and restrictions on priests (especially the high priest) highlight the cultic boundaries Uzziah violated; provides legal/theological background for the priests' protest.
- 1 Samuel 13:8-14 (thematic): Saul's unauthorized sacrifice (usurping priestly function) and Samuel's rebuke form a thematic parallel: a king oversteps cultic boundaries and is rebuked/penalized for performing priestly rites.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him eighty priests of the LORD—valiant men.
- Then Azariah the priest came out with him, and with him eighty priests of the LORD—men of valor.
2 C.26.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעמדו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להקטיר: VERB,hiph,inf
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המקדשים: VERB,hiph,part,-,m,pl
- להקטיר: VERB,hiph,inf
- צא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- המקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- מעלת: VERB,qal,ptc,3,f,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לכבוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מיהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 13:8-14 (thematic): King Saul offers a burnt offering in the absence of Samuel and is rebuked for usurping priestly/prophetic function—parallels Uzziah’s illicit performance of cultic duties and the rebuke for doing what belongs to God’s appointed ministers.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (thematic): Nadab and Abihu are punished for offering unauthorized fire before the LORD—sets precedent that improper/unauthorized offerings by the wrong persons are a serious breach, echoing the charge against Uzziah.
- Exodus 30:7-10 (verbal): God’s ordinance that Aaron and his sons are to burn incense morning and evening explicitly assigns this cultic duty to the Aaronic priesthood, directly supporting the claim that Uzziah (a king) must not perform it.
- Leviticus 16:2 (structural): The LORD forbids unauthorized persons from entering the holy place, indicating limited, regulated access to sanctuary rites—parallels the command that Uzziah leave the sanctuary because he is not a consecrated priest.
Alternative generated candidates
- They stood against King Uzziah and said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the LORD, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Go out from the sanctuary, for you have transgressed; you shall have no honor from the LORD God.”
- They stood against King Uzziah and said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the LORD, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Depart from the sanctuary, for you have trespassed; you shall have no honor from the LORD God.”
2 C.26.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויזעף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובידו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- מקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להקטיר: VERB,hiph,inf
- ובזעפו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והצרעת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- זרחה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- במצחו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- לפני: PREP
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- למזבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:5 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Uzziah's act of burning incense in the temple, his confrontation with the priests, and the striking of leprosy on his forehead.
- Leviticus 10:1-2 (thematic): Narrative of unauthorized cultic action (Nadab and Abihu offering 'strange fire') punished by immediate divine judgment—parallels theme of improper priestly/royal access to sacrificial rites and swift retribution.
- 1 Samuel 13:8-14 (thematic): Saul's premature, unauthorized sacrifice before Samuel and the consequent prophetic censure—comparable motif of a ruler usurping priestly functions and suffering loss of favor/office.
- Exodus 30:7-10 (verbal): Regulation assigning the regular burning of incense to Aaron and his sons on the incense altar—provides the legal/procedural background that Uzziah violated by attempting to burn incense himself.
- Leviticus 13:44-46 (thematic): Laws concerning a person declared unclean by skin disease (leprosy), including being cut off and dwelling alone—illuminates the cultic and social consequences of the leprosy that struck Uzziah.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Uzziah, with a censer in his hand to burn incense, became angry; and while he was enraged with the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, beside the altar of incense.
- But Uzziah, with a censer in his hand to burn incense, became angry; and while he was enraged with the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, by the altar of incense.
2 C.26.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והנה: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- מצרע: ADJ,m,sg
- במצחו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ויבהלוהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,m,sg
- משם: PREP
- וגם: CONJ
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- נדחף: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לצאת: VERB,qal,inf
- כי: CONJ
- נגעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:5 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah: king attempts to burn incense, priests confront him, leprosy appears on his forehead and they thrust him out—same event recounted in Kings.
- 2 Chronicles 26:16-21 (structural): Immediate wider context in Chronicles describing Uzziah's pride, his unlawful incense offering, the priests' rebuke, the outbreak of leprosy, and his exclusion from the temple.
- Leviticus 10:1-2 (thematic): Nadab and Abihu punished by divine fire for offering unauthorized incense—parallels theme of the holiness of cult worship and severe punishment for improper liturgical action.
- 2 Samuel 6:6-7 (thematic): Uzzah struck down for touching the ark when it seemed to endanger it—another instance where presumptuous contact with holy things or improper approach to the sanctuary brings immediate divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked at him, and behold, he was leprous on his forehead; and they hurried him out, and indeed he himself hastened to go out, because the LORD had struck him.
- Then Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked upon him—behold, he was leprous on his forehead—and they hurried him out. Indeed he himself was eager to go out, because the LORD had struck him.
2 C.26.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מצרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מותו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החפשית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מצרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נגזר: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויותם: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- על: PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שופט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:5 (verbal): Direct parallel narrative: Azariah/Uzziah is struck with leprosy, lives in a separate house, and his son Jotham governs—same events as 2 Chronicles 26:21.
- 2 Chronicles 26:20 (structural): Immediate chapter context describing the cause (Uzziah's unauthorized burning of incense) and the onset of his leprosy—provides the narrative link behind verse 21.
- Leviticus 13:45-46 (verbal): Priestly law describing that a person with a contagious skin disease must live alone, outside the camp—language and the practice of isolation echo the description of Uzziah's seclusion.
- Numbers 12:14 (thematic): Miriam's punishment with a skin disease and temporary exclusion illustrates the theme of divine-inflicted skin ailment leading to isolation from the community, paralleling Uzziah's condition and seclusion.
Alternative generated candidates
- King Uzziah was a leper until the day of his death; he lived in a house for the separated, a leper, for he had been cut off from the house of the LORD; and Jotham his son was over the king’s household, judging the people of the land.
- So King Uzziah was a leper until the day of his death; he lived in a house of separation, for he had been cut off from the house of the LORD. And Jotham his son was over the king's house, governing the people of the land.
2 C.26.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- והאחרנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ישעיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:32-38 (verbal): Provides a parallel historical account of Uzziah/Azariah’s reign (overlap in events and summary of his acts), corresponding to Chronicles’ report about the king’s deeds.
- Isaiah 6:1 (allusion): Places Isaiah’s prophetic activity in the reign of Uzziah (“in the year that King Uzziah died”), supporting Chronicles’ identification of Isaiah son of Amoz as a source for Uzziah’s acts.
- 1 Kings 14:29 (structural): Exhibits the common historiographical formula—'the rest of the acts are written in the book of the chronicles/kings'—used throughout Kings/Chronicles to point readers to other documentary sources.
- 2 Chronicles 25:26 (verbal): A near‑parallel within Chronicles using the same closing formula for a king’s reign ('the rest of the acts... are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel'), illustrating the chronicler’s standard closing remarks for royal biographies.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, from first to last, are written by Isaiah the son of Amoz the prophet.
- Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, are written by Isaiah the son of Amoz the prophet.
2 C.26.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- ויקברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקבורה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- למלכים: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מצורע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יותם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:7-8 (verbal): Parallel account in the Deuteronomistic history: Uzziah/Azariah is said to be a leper until his death and Jotham rules in his stead—same facts and similar wording.
- 2 Chronicles 26:21 (verbal): Immediate literary parallel within the same chapter describing Uzziah's leprosy and his separation until the day of his death, providing the direct explanation for his unusual burial circumstances.
- 1 Kings 2:10 (structural): Uses the same royal death/burial formula 'slept with his fathers' and 'was buried with his fathers,' showing a common idiom for reporting a monarch's death and burial in the historical books.
- 2 Chronicles 21:20 (structural): Another Chronicles notice of a king who 'slept with his fathers' and was 'buried with his fathers,' illustrating the standardized closing formula for royal reigns in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the burial field of the kings, because they said, “He is a leper.” And Jotham his son became king in his place.
- Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the burial field of the kings, because they said he was a leper; and Jotham his son reigned in his place.
All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah.
He built Eloth and restored it to Judah after the king had lain with his fathers.
Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-two years; and the name of his mother was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done.
For he sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had insight into the visions of God; and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper.
He went out and fought against the Philistines and broke down the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod; and he built cities in Ashdod and among the Philistines.
God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabs who lived in Gur‑Baal and the Meunites.
The Ammonites gave him presents, and his fame reached to the border of Egypt, for he became very strong.
He built towers in Jerusalem, on the corner gate, on the valley gate, and on the corner of the wall, and he fortified them.
He built towers in the wilderness and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much livestock; he had farmers and vinedressers in the lowlands and in the plain, in the mountains and on the Carmel, for he loved the soil.
Moreover Uzziah had an army to make war—brave and mighty men—numbered by their families: under the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the commander, by the oversight of Hananiah, one of the king's captains.
All their number of the heads of the fathers of the mighty for war was two thousand six hundred.
Under their command were three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred fighting men who could go out to war by companies to help the king against the enemy.
Uzziah prepared for all the army shields, spears, helmets, body armor, bows, and sling stones.
He made war engines in Jerusalem, invented by a skillful plan, to be on the towers and on the corners for shooting arrows and large stones. And his fame went out to far places, for he was marvelously helped until he became strong. But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction; and he transgressed against the LORD his God and entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense.
Then Azariah the priest came in after him with eighty priests of the LORD, valiant men.
They stood against King Uzziah and said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the LORD, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Go out of the sanctuary, for you have trespassed; and it will not be for your honor from the LORD God.” But Uzziah, with the censer in his hand to burn incense, became angry; and while he raged against the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, beside the altar of incense. And Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked at him, and behold, he was leprous on his forehead; and they thrust him out from there, and he himself hurried to go out, for the LORD had struck him. So Uzziah the king was a leper until the day of his death; he lived in a separate house as a leper, for he had been cut off from the house of the LORD. And Jotham his son was over the king's house, judging the people of the land. Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah—first and last—are written by Isaiah the son of Amoz the prophet.
When Uzziah died, he was buried with his fathers in the burial field of the kings, because they said, “He is a leper.” And Jotham his son succeeded him as king in his place.