Solomon's Building Projects and Trade
1 Kings 9:10-28
1 K.9.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מקצה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- הבתים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 8:1 (quotation): Direct parallel in Chronicles: repeats that at the end of twenty years Solomon had built the house of the LORD and his own house.
- 1 Kings 6:38 (structural): Gives the completion of the temple after seven years — part of the building timeline that, with other works, composes the twenty-year period.
- 1 Kings 7:1 (structural): States the duration of building Solomon's own house (thirteen years), which together with the temple's seven years accounts for the twenty years mentioned in 1 Kings 9:10.
- 1 Chronicles 22:6-10 (thematic): David's charge to Solomon to build the house of the LORD (and related preparations) thematically parallels Solomon's construction of the temple and royal house.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass at the end of twenty years in which Solomon had built the two houses, the house of the LORD and the king's house.
- And it came to pass at the end of twenty years that Solomon had built the two houses—the house of the LORD and the king's house.
1 K.9.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חירם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בעצי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ארזים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובעצי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ברושים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובזהב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- חפצו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אז: ADV
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לחירם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- הגליל: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1Kgs.5:1-12 (verbal): Describes the Solomon–Hiram arrangement for cedar and cypress timber and mutual provisions for building—parallels the timber-for-goods diplomacy behind 9:11.
- 2Chr.2:3-16 (verbal): Parallel account of Hiram supplying cedar, cypress and skilled workmen for Solomon’s building projects; similar vocabulary and exchange relationship.
- 2Sam.5:11 (thematic): Earlier alliance between David and Hiram in which Hiram provided cedar and craftsmen for David’s house—shows the longstanding Tyrian–Israelite commercial and political cooperation typified in 1 Kgs 9:11.
- 1Kgs.9:10-14 (structural): Immediate literary context: the surrounding verses describe Hiram’s gifts and Solomon’s grant of twenty towns in Galilee and Hiram’s reaction—this is the direct narrative unit containing v.11.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hiram king of Tyre had supplied Solomon with cedar and cypress wood and with gold for all that he desired; so King Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee.
- Hiram king of Tyre supplied Solomon with cedar and cypress timber and with all the gold he desired; so King Solomon gave Hiram twenty towns in the land of Galilee.
1 K.9.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- חירם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ישרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בעיניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:10-14 (structural): Immediate narrative context: lists the cities Solomon gave to Hiram and records Hiram’s inspection and displeasure (verse 12 is part of this unit).
- 1 Kings 5:1-12 (thematic): Earlier account of the Solomon–Hiram relationship: Hiram supplies cedar, craftsmen and timber for Solomon’s building projects, providing background for the gift of cities and Hiram’s expectations.
- 2 Chronicles 2:3-16 (thematic): Chronicler’s parallel account of Solomon’s arrangements with Hiram for cedar and skilled workers for the temple—another depiction of the political and material exchange between Solomon and Tyre.
- 2 Samuel 5:11 (allusion): Earlier instance of friendly relations with Tyre: Hiram sends cedar and craftsmen to David, indicating a longstanding diplomatic/economic link that frames the later Hiram–Solomon interactions.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hiram went out from Tyre to see the cities that Solomon had given him, and they did not please him.
- Hiram went from Tyre to see the towns that Solomon had given him, and they did not please him.
1 K.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כבול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:11 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: states that Hiram gave Solomon twenty cities in Galilee, providing the direct transaction that provokes Hiram’s complaint and renaming in 9:13.
- 1 Kings 5:1-12 (thematic): Background treaty between Solomon and Hiram establishing their exchange of materials and services (cedar, craftsmen, provisions), which sets the stage for later transfers of towns and the relationship described in 9:13.
- 2 Samuel 5:11 (thematic): Earlier report of Hiram king of Tyre’s friendly relations with David—sending cedar and craftsmen—showing the longstanding diplomatic/economic ties between Tyre and Israel that underlie the Solomon–Hiram interactions.
- 2 Chronicles 8:2-3 (structural): Parallel retelling of the same episode in Chronicles: Solomon’s building and the gift/exchange of towns with Hiram, and Hiram’s reaction (calling them Cabul) is recounted in the chronicler’s version.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, “What are these cities that you have given me, my brother?” and he called them the land of Cabul to this day.
- He said, 'What are these towns which my brother has given me?' And he called them the land of Cabul to this day.
1 K.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חירם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ככר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:11-12 (structural): Immediate context of the same episode: Solomon gives cities to Hiram as compensation, and Hiram in turn sends back payment (leading into v.14's 120 talents).
- 1 Kings 5:11 (thematic): Earlier reciprocal arrangement between Solomon and Hiram—exchange of timber and labor for provisions—shows the ongoing economic alliance behind the gift of gold in 9:14.
- 1 Kings 10:14 (thematic): Statement of Solomon's annual receipt of vast quantities of gold (666 talents) places the 120 talents from Hiram within the broader theme of Solomon's wealth and foreign tribute/trade.
- 2 Chronicles 2:3-10 (thematic): Parallel account of Solomon's dealings with Hiram (requesting timber and craftsmen and receiving materials and assistance), highlighting the same Israel–Tyre cooperation that yields payments/gifts like the 120 talents.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hiram sent the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold.
- And Hiram sent the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold.
1 K.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזה: CONJ+PRON,dem,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המס: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לבנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- המלוא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- חצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מגדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- גזר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 5:13-18 (verbal): Describes the levy (המס/forced labor) Solomon raised from Israel to supply timber, stone, and labor for the building of the temple—closely parallels the same term and function in 9:15.
- 1 Kings 9:10-14 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter listing Solomon’s building activities and the handing back of cities to Hiram; part of the same narrative block about Solomon’s constructions.
- 2 Chronicles 8:1-6 (verbal): Chronicles’ parallel account of Solomon’s building projects and the raising of a levy/forced labor to build cities, storehouses and other works—echoes the list and administrative measure in 1 Kgs 9:15.
- 1 Kings 12:4-5 (thematic): Rehoboam’s remark that ‘your father made our yoke heavy’ invokes Solomon’s use of heavy levies/forced labor; thematically connects Solomon’s building labor to later political fallout.
- Exodus 1:11 (thematic): Egyptian imposition of hard labor on Israel to build store-cities (Pithom and Raamses) provides an earlier Israelite precedent for state-founded corvée labor for large construction projects, thematically resonant with Solomon’s levy.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the levy that King Solomon exacted to build the house of the LORD, his own house, the Millo, the wall of Jerusalem, Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer.
- This then was the levy that King Solomon raised to build the house of the LORD, his own house, the Millo, the wall of Jerusalem, Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer.
1 K.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וילכד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- גזר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וישרפה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- הכנעני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- הישב: PTCP,qal,act,ms,sg,def
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרג: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויתנה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שלחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+POSS,3,m,sg
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 8:2 (structural): Chronicles retells material about Solomon and Pharaoh’s daughter and the gift of Gezer, paralleling the account of Pharaoh taking and giving Gezer to Solomon’s wife (a direct narrative parallel).
- Judges 1:29-30 (verbal): Mentions Gezer and the fact that the Canaanites continued to live there because Israel did not drive them out—provides background on Gezer’s Canaanite inhabitants before its later capture.
- Joshua 11:11 (thematic): Describes the burning of Hazor after its capture; parallels the motif and practice of burning Canaanite cities and slaughtering their inhabitants (cf. ‘burned with fire’ in 1 Kgs 9:16).
- Joshua 10:40 (thematic): Summarizes Israel’s campaign in which cities and their inhabitants are struck down and devoted to destruction—parallels the broader theme of conquest, destruction of Canaanite cities, and killing of their inhabitants found in 1 Kgs 9:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pharaoh king of Egypt went up and captured Gezer and burned it with fire; the Canaanites who dwelt in the city he killed, and he gave it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife.
- Pharaoh king of Egypt went up and captured Gezer, burned it with fire, and killed the Canaanites who were in the city; then he gave it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife.
1 K.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- גזר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחתון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:15 (structural): Part of the same passage enumerating the cities Solomon built; provides broader context for his building program including other fortified sites.
- 1 Kings 9:16 (structural): Immediately adjacent verse explaining Gezer's origin (taken by Pharaoh and given as a dowry), linking why Solomon built or controlled Gezer.
- 1 Kings 9:18 (structural): Follows 9:17 in the same series, naming Upper Beth-horon, Baalath and Tadmor—completing the list of cities associated with Solomon's constructions.
- 2 Chronicles 8:3–5 (verbal): Parallel retelling in Chronicles that repeats Solomon's building activity, explicitly mentioning Beth-horon (nether and upper), Gezer and other store cities.
- Joshua 10:10–11 (thematic): Describes military action in the Beth-horon area (stones from heaven, pursuit), highlighting the strategic importance of the Beth-horon passes later associated with fortified towns Solomon rebuilt.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Solomon rebuilt Gezer and Lower Beth-horon.
- And Solomon rebuilt Gezer and Lower Beth-horon.
1 K.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- בעלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- תדמר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:15 (verbal): Same chapter immediately lists the cities Solomon built; directly parallels the naming of Baalath and Tadmor as part of Solomon’s building projects.
- 1 Kings 9:10-14 (structural): Contextual parallel: account of Hiram giving Solomon cities and Solomon’s rebuilding—provides the narrative background for the mention of Baalath and Tadmor.
- 2 Chronicles 8:2 (verbal): Chronicles repeats that Solomon built Tadmor (in the wilderness), echoing the reference to Tadmor (Palmyra) found in Kings.
- 2 Chronicles 8:1-3 (thematic): Broader parallel: Chronicles’ summary of Solomon’s building and administrative/store cities parallels Kings’ listing of cities (including Baalath/Tadmor) in Solomon’s construction program.
Alternative generated candidates
- He built Baalath and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land.
- He rebuilt Baalath and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land.
1 K.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המסכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לשלמה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הרכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הפרשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- חשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובלבנון: CONJ+PREP+PROPN,m,sg
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממשלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chron.8:2 (verbal): Almost identical wording listing Solomon's store cities, cities for chariots and for horsemen — a close parallel formulation to 1 Kgs 9:19.
- 1 Kgs.4:26 (thematic): Describes Solomon's large chariot and horse establishment (numbers of stalls and horsemen), relating to the mention of 'cities for his chariots' and 'cities for his horsemen'.
- 1 Kgs.10:26-29 (thematic): Reports Solomon's chariot houses, horsemen, and the international trade in horses and chariots—expands the theme of royal infrastructure and military/administrative facilities in 9:19.
- 2 Chron.9:25 (verbal): Notes Solomon's stalls for chariots and horsemen (numbers and provisioning), echoing the concern with chariot and horse cities found in 1 Kgs 9:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the supply-cities that belonged to Solomon, and the cities for his chariots and the cities for his horsemen, and whatever Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, in Lebanon, and throughout all his dominion.
- And all the storage towns that belonged to Solomon, and the towns for his chariots and for his horses, and whatever Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, in Lebanon, and throughout all his dominion.
1 K.9.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנותר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפרזי: ADJ,m,pl,def
- החוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והיבוסי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 7:1-2 (verbal): Lists the same peoples (Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, Jebusites) whom Israel was commanded to dispossess—verbal parallel to the nations named in 1 Kgs 9:20.
- Genesis 15:18-21 (verbal): God’s promise to Abram enumerates the same nations that inhabit the land (Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, Jebusites), providing an earlier biblical listing of these peoples.
- 2 Chronicles 8:7 (verbal): A near‑parallel report in Chronicles about the remaining Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites—not of Israel—repeating the same factual note found in 1 Kgs 9:20.
- Judges 1:27-36 (thematic): Narratives showing that many Canaanite groups were not fully driven out by Israel and remained in the land as subjects or forced laborers—themewise parallel to the remnants mentioned in 1 Kgs 9:20.
- Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (thematic): Instruction to destroy the specified nations in the land; thematically contrasts the ideal of complete dispossession with the historical reality of remnants noted in 1 Kgs 9:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites — they were not of the children of Israel.
- All the people who remained of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites—who were not of the children of Israel—
1 K.9.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתרו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להחרימם: VERB,hifil,inf,3,m,pl
- ויעלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- למס: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עד: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:20-22 (verbal): Same narrative unit: non‑Israelite peoples left in the land were put under tribute and forced labor for Solomon; closely parallel language and function in the story.
- 2 Chronicles 8:7-8 (verbal): Chronicles retells Solomon's policy, stating that the remaining Hittites/Amorites were made tributaries/bondservants to the king—direct retelling of the same outcome.
- Joshua 17:12-13 (verbal): Describes Israel's failure to drive out inhabitants in certain regions and states that those Canaanites became subject to forced labor/tribute for the Israelites, echoing the social outcome in 1 Kgs 9:21.
- Judges 1:27-36 (thematic): Catalogue of tribes failing to expel Canaanite peoples who remain in the land; thematically parallels the idea of Israelites not completely dispossessing the inhabitants and living alongside or subjecting them.
- Judges 3:5-7 (thematic): Summarizes Israel's failure to drive out nations and the resulting influence and servitude to foreign gods/peoples—provides the wider theological and social context for why remnants remained and served Israel or were subjected to Israelite rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their children who remained after them in the land, whom the children of Israel could not utterly destroy — Solomon made them to be tributary forced laborers to this day.
- their descendants who remained after them in the land, whom the children of Israel were unable to destroy completely, Solomon consigned to forced labor to this day.
1 K.9.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומבני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- כי: CONJ
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- ושריו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- ושלשיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- ושרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- רכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ופרשיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 5:13-18 (structural): Describes Solomon’s conscription of Israelite laborers (thirty thousand plus overseers) for building projects—parallels the practice of subjecting Israelites to forced labor rather than slavery.
- Leviticus 25:39-46 (thematic): Distinguishes Israelite servants from foreign slaves and forbids making Israelites permanent slaves, providing the legal-theological background for the statement that Solomon ‘did not make slaves of Israel.’
- Deuteronomy 15:12-18 (thematic): Law prescribing that a Hebrew servant serve only until the seventh year and then be freed and cared for—reinforces the principle that Israelites are not to be kept as perpetual slaves.
- Exodus 21:2-6 (thematic): Regulates the term of service for Hebrew servants (six years, release in the seventh), reflecting the covenantal norms underlying the treatment of Israelite labor referenced in 1 Kgs 9:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- But of the children of Israel Solomon did not make slaves; they were men of war and his servants, his officers and commanders and captains of his chariots and his horsemen.
- But of the children of Israel Solomon did not make slaves; they were men of war—his servants, his officers, his commanders, his chariot chiefs and his horsemen.
1 K.9.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- הנצבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לשלמה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הרדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- העשים: NOUN,ptc,act,m,pl,def
- במלאכה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kgs 9:22 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same context listing Solomon's workforce: names numbers of burden-bearers, hewers, and chief officers supervising them.
- 1 Kgs 5:13-16 (thematic): Describes Solomon's levies and conscripted labor for building projects and the supervisors placed over that workforce, paralleling the administrative structure in 9:23.
- 1 Kgs 4:6 (structural): Reports Solomon's system of officers (twelve officials) who provided provisions for the king's household—another example of royal administrative officers.
- 1 Chr 27:31 (verbal): Uses similar language about 'rulers of the king's work' (officers overseeing the king's labor), closely echoing the function named in 1 Kgs 9:23.
- Exod 5:4-9 (thematic): Earlier instance of rulers/taskmasters appointed over laborers; thematically parallels the imposition of overseers to direct large-scale state building projects.
Alternative generated candidates
- These were the officers and overseers over Solomon's work: five hundred and fifty rulers, who were over the people doing the work.
- These are the officers who were over the work for Solomon: five hundred and fifty were over the people who worked the labor.
1 K.9.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אך: PART
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מעיר: PREP
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ביתה: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אז: ADV
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המלוא: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 3:1 (verbal): Reports the same episode—Solomon took Pharaoh’s daughter and brought her into the city of David, and had a house built for her (language and sequence parallel 1 Kgs 9:24).
- 2 Chronicles 8:11 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the detail almost verbatim that Solomon brought Pharaoh’s daughter out of the city of David into the house he built for her and adds the reason she did not dwell in the palace of David.
- 1 Kings 9:15 (structural): Same chapter’s building program—explicitly links Solomon’s constructions, including the Millo mentioned in 1 Kgs 9:24 ('he built the Millo').
- 2 Samuel 5:9 (allusion): Earlier account referring to David’s establishment of the city of David and construction 'from the Millo inward,' providing background for the location (city of David/Millo) named in 1 Kgs 9:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Pharaoh's daughter went up from the city of David to the house that Solomon had built for her; then he built the Millo.
- But Pharaoh's daughter came up from the city of David to her house which Solomon had built for her; then Solomon built the Millo.
1 K.9.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והעלה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ושלמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 8:2 (verbal): Direct parallel account: Chronicles similarly says Solomon went up three times a year and prepared burnt offerings on the altar he had built, echoing the same actions and timing.
- 1 Kings 8:63 (verbal): Close verbal/structural parallel in the narrative of temple use: Solomon offers all the burnt offerings on the altar before the LORD, paralleling the sacrificial activity described in 9:25.
- 1 Kings 3:2 (structural): Contextual parallel in Solomon’s sacrificial practice: earlier Solomon went to Gibeon to offer sacrifices at the principal high place, showing the pattern of royal pilgrimage and sacrifice prior to the temple’s full regularization.
- Deuteronomy 16:16 (thematic): Thematic background: the law commands Israelite males to appear before the LORD three times a year (the pilgrimage festivals), providing the cultic framework for Solomon’s thrice-yearly ‘going up.’
- Exodus 23:14-17 (thematic): Thematic parallel: the prescription of three annual festivals (festival of unleavened bread, harvest, ingathering) underlies the practice of coming up to the sanctuary three times a year, as Solomon does.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings three times a year on the altar that he had built to the LORD; he burned incense before the LORD and completed the house.
- And Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings three times in a year on the altar which he had built to the LORD, and he burned incense before the LORD; thus he completed the house.
1 K.9.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בעציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אשר: PRON,rel
- את: PRT,acc
- אלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- שפת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 8:17-18 (verbal): Direct parallel account: Chronicles repeats Solomon’s shipbuilding at Ezion‑Geber and adds that Hiram’s sailors and Solomon’s men manned the fleet, closely matching Kings’ report.
- 1 Kings 9:27-28 (structural): Immediate continuation in Kings describing the ships of Tarshish that sailed from Ezion‑Geber and brought back gold and goods, showing the purpose and results of the fleet mentioned in 9:26.
- 1 Kings 10:22 (thematic): Later report of Solomon’s navy bringing gold and luxury goods from distant trade (Tarshish), developing the economic and maritime theme introduced by the fleet at Ezion‑Geber.
- 2 Chronicles 9:21 (thematic): Chronicles’ parallel to 1 Kings 10:22: describes Solomon’s ships bringing great riches, reinforcing the link between Solomon’s shipyard at Ezion‑Geber and his international trade wealth.
Alternative generated candidates
- And King Solomon built a fleet at Ezion-Geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.
- Now King Solomon built a fleet of ships at Ezion-Geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.
1 K.9.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חירם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באני: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אניות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ידעי: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,pl,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- עם: PREP
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:26-28 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Solomon builds a fleet at Ezion-Geber, Hiram provides seamen, and the ships make a voyage to Ophir for gold—continuation of the same episode.
- 1 Kings 10:11 (verbal): Describes the fleet of Tarshish and explicitly mentions the cooperation of Hiram's servants with Solomon's ships, echoing the language of shared seafaring personnel.
- 2 Chronicles 8:18 (quotation): A near-verbatim parallel to 1 Kgs 9:27: Hiram sends sailors who know the sea alongside Solomon's servants and they bring gold from Ophir.
- 2 Chronicles 2:3, 2:16 (thematic): Earlier account of Solomon's arrangements with Hiram: Hiram supplies skilled craftsmen and seafaring personnel to assist Solomon's building and maritime enterprises.
- Ezekiel 27:8 (thematic): Portrays Tyre (Hiram's city) as a major seafaring power whose mariners and shipmen are renowned—background motif for Hiram providing experienced sailors to Solomon.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hiram sent by the hand of his servants sailors who knew the sea, with the servants of Solomon.
- And Hiram sent by the hand of his servants sailors who knew the sea, along with Solomon's servants.
1 K.9.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אופירה: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- ויקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- משם: PREP
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ככר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 9:26-27 (structural): Immediate context: describes Solomon's fleet at Ezion-Geber and Hiram providing sailors so they could sail to Ophir — the narrative unit that leads directly into v.28.
- 2 Chronicles 8:17-18 (verbal): A near-verbatim parallel account: Hiram sends sailors who go to Ophir and bring back 420 talents of gold to King Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 9:10-11 (verbal): Repeats the Ophir voyage and the same sum of gold (420 talents) as part of the Chronicles’ retelling of Solomon’s wealth and foreign trade.
- 1 Kings 10:22 (thematic): Related theme of maritime commerce supplying Solomon’s wealth: the navy of Tarshish (with Hiram) bringing gold, ivory, and exotic goods to Solomon on a periodic trading circuit.
Alternative generated candidates
- They came to Ophir and fetched from there four hundred and twenty talents of gold and brought it to King Solomon.
- They went to Ophir and brought from there four hundred and twenty talents of gold and brought it to King Solomon.
And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, during which Solomon had built the two houses — the house of the LORD and the king's house.
Hiram king of Tyre supplied Solomon with cedar and cypress timber and with gold according to all his desire; so King Solomon gave Hiram twenty towns in the land of Galilee.
Hiram went out from Tyre to see the cities that Solomon had given him, and they did not please him.
He said, “What are these cities that you have given me, my brother?”; and he called them the land of Cabul to this day. And Hiram sent the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold.
This is the account of the levy that King Solomon raised to build the house of the LORD, his own house, the Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer.
For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up and taken Gezer and burned it with fire, and had killed the Canaanites who were in the city, and gave it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife. So Solomon rebuilt Gezer and Lower Beth-horon.
He rebuilt Baalath and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land. And all the store-cities that belonged to Solomon, and the cities for his chariots and the cities for his horsemen, and whatever Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, in Lebanon, and throughout all his domain.
All the remnant of the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites — who were not of the children of Israel —
their descendants who remained after them in the land, whom the children of Israel could not utterly destroy — Solomon made them tributary forced laborers to this day. But Solomon did not make slaves of the Israelites; they were men of war, his servants, his officials, his officers, and commanders of his chariots and of his horsemen.
These are the chiefs of the officers who were over Solomon's work: five hundred and fifty officers who were over the people who did the work. But Pharaoh's daughter went up from the city of David to her house which Solomon had built for her; then Solomon built the Millo. And Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings three times in a year upon the altar that he had built to the LORD, and he burned incense before the LORD; and he completed the house. And King Solomon built ships at Ezion-Geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Sea of Reeds (the Red Sea), in the land of Edom. And Hiram sent his servants — shipmen who knew the sea — with the servants of Solomon.
They went to Ophir and fetched from there four hundred and twenty talents of gold, and brought it to King Solomon.