Bodily Discharges
Leviticus 15:1-33
Lev.15.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:1 (structural): Same formula of divine address introducing commandments—marks the start of a new set of priestly/ritual instructions.
- Leviticus 12:1 (thematic): Another purity-law introduction dealing with bodily impurity (childbirth); both verses introduce God’s regulations about ritual cleanliness.
- Leviticus 13:1 (verbal): Uses the same divine-speaking-to-Moses (and Aaron) formula to introduce regulations about skin disease (tzara'at), a related category of ritual impurity.
- Numbers 5:1 (thematic): Commands removal of the unclean from the camp—connects topically with Lev 15’s concern for bodily discharges and exclusion/containment of impurity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
Lev.15.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- זב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבשרו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- זובו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:16 (verbal): Addresses a male seminal emission with very similar language about discharge and uncleanness; prescribes washing and a period of impurity, paralleling the legal form of Lev 15:2.
- Leviticus 15:19 (verbal): Gives the parallel law for a woman's menstrual discharge—uses the same formula ('when a woman has a discharge... she is unclean'), showing corresponding impurity rules for bodily discharges.
- Deuteronomy 23:10-11 (structural): Prescribes how a person unclean because of a bodily emission must leave the camp and purify himself, applying the social/ritual consequences of discharge found in Lev 15:2.
- Leviticus 15:31 (thematic): States the chapter's theological purpose—maintaining Israel's separation from uncleanness—which explains and sums up the practical rules introduced in Lev 15:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: Any man—when a discharge issues from his body, his discharge is unclean.
- Speak to the Israelites and say to them: Any man—any man—when there is a discharge from his flesh, his discharge is unclean.
Lev.15.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- טמאתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m
- בזובו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- רר: UNK
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- זובו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- החתים: UNK
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מזובו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- טמאתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:2 (verbal): Immediate parallel instruction introducing a man with a bodily discharge; shares the same legal vocabulary about an 'issue' (זוב) and its impurity consequences.
- Leviticus 15:16 (thematic): Treats a related kind of bodily emission (semen) and prescribes washing and impurity rules—same holiness/cleanness framework for bodily discharges.
- Leviticus 15:19 (thematic): Describes the female counterpart (menstrual blood) and comparable impurity periods and regulations, showing the broader cultic logic governing bodily discharges.
- Numbers 5:2-3 (structural): Commands removal from camp of anyone with an 'issue' or other ritual defilement; parallels the social/legal consequences of the impurity described in Lev 15:3.
- Deuteronomy 23:10-11 (thematic): Regulates a man with a nocturnal emission leaving the camp and washing before reentering—another law addressing personal emissions and communal purity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this shall be his uncleanness in his discharge: whether his body runs with his discharge or his body is stopped up from his discharge, it is his uncleanness.
- And this shall be his uncleanness in his discharge: whether his flesh runs with its discharge or his flesh is stopped up from its discharge, it is his uncleanness.
Lev.15.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- המשכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הכלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:5 (verbal): Immediate context — continues the same law: anyone who touches the bed or sitting-place of the man with a discharge becomes ritually unclean (same contagion-by-contact language).
- Leviticus 15:19 (verbal): Parallel rule for a woman's menstrual flow: the same wording about anything she lies on or sits upon becoming unclean, showing the chapter's consistent formulation for different bodily discharges.
- Numbers 19:11-13 (thematic): Another example of contact-based ritual impurity (touching a corpse) that renders a person unclean until evening and requires purification — parallels the general pattern of contagious, time-limited uncleanness and purification procedures.
- Mark 7:15-23 (allusion): Jesus' teaching on purity shifts focus from external/ritual uncleanness to inner moral defilement; thematically related as a later reinterpretation of what constitutes 'uncleanness' in relation to the Levitical purity system.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every bed on which the one with the discharge lies shall be unclean, and every object on which he sits shall be unclean.
- Every bed on which the man with the discharge lies shall be unclean, and every object on which he sits shall be unclean.
Lev.15.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- במשכבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,3,m,sg
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:4 (verbal): Same chapter: a person with a genital discharge is declared unclean and anyone who touches him is unclean until evening—parallel setting and language about touching and temporary impurity.
- Leviticus 15:17-18 (verbal): Directly related ritual: when a man has an emission (or lies with a woman after emission) he must wash his body and is unclean until evening, mirroring the requirement to wash clothes and bathe.
- Leviticus 11:25 (verbal): Law on contact with carcasses: touching an unclean animal/carcass makes one unclean until evening and requires washing garments—very similar wording and consequence (wash clothes, impurity until evening).
- Numbers 19:11-12 (thematic): Touching a corpse renders a person ritually unclean and mandates purification with water—shares the broader theme of contact-caused impurity and cleansing by washing.
- Exodus 19:10-11 (thematic): Before Sinai the people are commanded to consecrate themselves and wash their garments—echoes the ritual logic of washing clothes/body as preparation and purification.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a man who touches his bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And anyone who touches his bed shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והישב: CONJ+PART,qal,ptcp,-,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הכלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.11 (verbal): Same chapter; touching objects contaminated by the man with a discharge requires washing garments and bathing and renders the toucher unclean until evening—near-verbatim ritual wording.
- Lev.15.16-17 (verbal): Other rules in the chapter about seminal emission: the emitter must wash his body and garments must be washed if soiled, with the same ‘wash… and be unclean until the evening’ formula.
- Num.19:11 (thematic): Laws about ritual impurity from contact with the dead also prescribe washing of clothes and temporary uncleanness—demonstrates the broader cultic pattern of washing garments after contact with contaminating substances.
- Exod.19:10-11 (thematic): Prior to Sinai’s theophany Israel is instructed to sanctify themselves and wash their clothes; parallels the use of garment-washing as a means of ritual purification and readiness for sacred encounter.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he who sits on the object on which the one with the discharge sat shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And anyone who sits on any object on which the man with the discharge has sat shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנגע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בבשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.11 (verbal): Repetition within the same chapter: touching the bed or anything on which the man with a discharge lies requires washing garments and bathing and renders one unclean until evening — same ritual formula as v.7.
- Lev.15.16-18 (thematic): Rules for seminal emission use comparable language (wash all the flesh, bathe, be unclean until evening); parallels the ritual cleansing pattern for bodily discharges.
- Num.19.11-12 (thematic): Touching a corpse entails washing garments and bathing in water as part of purification (though with different duration/details); parallels the association of contact with impurity and the required washing.
- Lev.22.6-7 (verbal): Priestly regulations about contact with the dead (and related uncleanness) require washing/bathing before partaking of holy things and prescribe uncleanness until evening — similar language and hygiene/ritual consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he who touches the flesh of the one with the discharge shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And whoever touches the flesh of the man with the discharge shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכי: CONJ
- ירק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בטהור: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,def
- וכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:5 (verbal): Prescribes the same remedial actions (washing garments and bathing in water) and the identical temporal result ('unclean until evening') for contact with a person suffering a bodily discharge — nearly the same wording and legal formula.
- Leviticus 15:13 (verbal): Uses the same language about washing clothes and bathing and being 'unclean until evening' after contact with a bed or seat contaminated by a discharge — a close verbal parallel within the same chapter.
- Leviticus 15:16 (verbal): Gives a comparable prescription for emission-related impurity: bathing and being unclean until evening. Shares the same verbs and temporal limit, applying the rule to another form of bodily discharge.
- Leviticus 11:24 (thematic): In the dietary/ritual purity laws contact with certain unclean animals renders a person 'unclean until evening.' Though about a different source of impurity, it shares the same temporal regulation and legal concept of temporary impurity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if the one with the discharge spits on one who is clean, then he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And if the man with the discharge spits on one who is clean, he shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המרכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ירכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.15:4 (verbal): Same chapter/ritual: states that anyone who touches the man with a discharge (or his bed) becomes unclean — closely parallels the contagion-by-contact rule behind v.9.
- Lev.15:11 (verbal): Prescribes that anyone who sits on anything the discharging man sat upon must wash and is unclean until evening, directly parallel in form and consequence to v.9's riding/carrying provision.
- Lev.15:8 (structural): Addresses uncleanness of lying on beds or sitting on objects used by the discharger; part of the same legal block that treats objects and persons rendered unclean by contact.
- Lev.5:2 (thematic): General law about becoming unclean by touching anything ceremonially unclean; articulates the broader principle of impurity transfer implicit in Lev 15:9.
- Num.19:11 (thematic): Law on ritual impurity through contact with the dead (required washing and delay until evening) — parallels the contamination-by-contact logic and purification timetable found in Leviticus 15.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every riding seat on which the one with the discharge rides shall be unclean.
- And any saddle on which the man with the discharge rides shall be unclean.
Lev.15.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנגע: PART,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והנושא: PART,qal,act,m,sg,def
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.11 (structural): Immediate parallel and continuation in the same pericope: specifies that anyone who touches the bed or items under the person with a discharge must wash clothes and bathe, and is unclean until evening — closely tied language and ritual effect.
- Lev.15.16-18 (verbal): Rules concerning male seminal emissions: similar prescription that touching the man or his bed renders one unclean and requires bathing; parallels in purification actions and the 'unclean until evening' temporal marker.
- Lev.15.19-24 (thematic): Menstrual impurity section: like the discharge laws, touching what the woman sits on or lies on makes persons and objects ritually unclean until evening and requires washing — same logic and terminology applied to a different bodily discharge.
- Lev.12.2-5 (thematic): Postpartum impurity regulations: a period of ritual uncleanness following childbirth and prescribed purification rites — analogous concern with bodily states causing temporary impurity and defined procedures for restoration.
- Num.19.11-12 (thematic): Law on contact with a corpse: contact renders a person unclean and prescribes washing and remaining unclean until evening; shares the temporal phrase 'unclean until evening' and the pattern of cleansing by washing.
Alternative generated candidates
- And whoever touches anything that is under him shall be unclean until the evening, and whoever carries them shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And whoever touches anything that was under him shall be unclean until evening; and whoever carries them shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וידיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m
- לא: PART_NEG
- שטף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.16-18 (verbal): Same chapter addressing seminal emission: the person who touches the emission must wash/bathe and is unclean until evening—near identical ritual wording and procedures.
- Lev.15.19 (verbal): Rules for menstrual impurity: anything she lies on or who touches her becomes unclean until evening and must wash—same pattern of contagion, washing garments, bathing and duration.
- Lev.11.24-25 (verbal): Laws about touching unclean animals use the same formula—'the soul that toucheth them shall be unclean until even; that which beareth the carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until even'—very close verbal parallel.
- Lev.17.15 (verbal): Provision about eating a carcass: the eater must wash clothes and bathe and is unclean until evening—same ritual responses (washing, bathing, until evening) applied to a different source of impurity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And anyone whom the one with the discharge touches, without having rinsed his hands in water, shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And anyone whom the man with the discharge touches, without having rinsed his hands in water, shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- חרש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- הזב: DEF+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבר: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישטף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
Parallels
- Lev.15.11 (structural): Immediate context: declares that anyone who touches the person with a discharge becomes unclean and transmits impurity to persons and objects—sets up the following rule about vessels in v.12.
- Lev.11:33 (verbal): Prescribes breaking clay/earthenware vessels that become contaminated by an unclean carcass or impurity—same legal disposition for earthen vessels as v.12.
- Num.19:11-12 (thematic): Rules for corpse-related impurity: touching the dead renders a person unclean and requires purification (washing), paralleling the principle that contact with impurity transmits defilement and often mandates washing or removal/ destruction of affected items.
- Mark 7:2-4 (thematic): New Testament discussion of Jewish purity practices (washing of cups, pitchers, kettles) echoes concerns about ritual impurity and treatment of vessels (washing vs. destruction) raised in Leviticus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And an earthenware vessel that the one with the discharge touches shall be broken, and any wooden vessel shall be rinsed in water.
- And an earthenware vessel that the man with the discharge touches shall be broken, and any wooden vessel shall be rinsed in water.
Lev.15.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכי: CONJ
- יטהר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזובו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וספר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לטהרתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- וכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וטהר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.15:16-18 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter dealing with a man's emission: declares uncleanness, requires washing (bathing) and laws about sexual intercourse—closely related vocabulary and ritual logic.
- Lev.15:19-24 (verbal): Regulations for a woman's menstrual impurity: she must remain unclean for days, wash her clothes and bathe—same cleansing actions and time-framed purity regimen.
- Lev.15:28-30 (verbal): Rules for a woman with an abnormal uterine discharge: counted days, washing garments and bathing in water to become clean—parallel procedures and phrasing.
- Num.19:11-19 (structural): Red heifer/ash purification law: touches the dead is unclean and must purify with water, washing on the third and seventh days (and wash clothes) before being clean—similar temporal structure and water/garment washing motif.
- Ezek.36:25 (thematic): Prophetic promise of cleansing—'I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean'—uses water-as-purity imagery echoing ritual washing in Leviticus for spiritual/ceremonial cleansing.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when the one with the discharge becomes clean from his discharge, he shall count for himself seven days for his cleansing, and he shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in living water, and he shall be clean.
- And when the man with the discharge becomes clean from his discharge, he shall count for himself seven days for his cleansing; and he shall wash his garments and bathe his flesh in living water, and he shall be clean.
Lev.15.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וביום: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- יקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- תרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- או: CONJ
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובא: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונתנם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:13 (structural): Immediate context: verse 13 prescribes the seven‑day waiting period and washing before the eighth‑day offering; verse 14 continues with the same cleansing/offering procedure.
- Leviticus 12:8 (verbal): Uses the same sacrificial species — 'two turtledoves or two young pigeons' — as the prescribed offering given to the priest for ritual purification.
- Leviticus 14:4–7 (thematic): Another purification ritual that employs two birds in the cleansing rite (the cleansing of a skin disease), showing a recurring cultic pattern of paired birds in restoration rites.
- Luke 2:22–24 (allusion): The New Testament account of Mary's presentation at the Temple cites the offering of 'a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons' as the required purification offering, reflecting the same law governing post‑purification offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the eighth day he shall take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and come before the LORD to the entrance of the tent of meeting and give them to the priest.
- And on the eighth day he shall take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and come before the LORD at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and give them to the priest.
Lev.15.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והאחד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מזובו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 14:19-20 (verbal): Cleansing ritual for a healed leper requires sin and burnt offerings, and 'the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD'—a near-verbal liturgical formula parallel to Lev 15:15.
- Leviticus 12:6-7 (verbal): After childbirth the woman brings a sin and burnt offering and 'the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD'—the same priestly atonement motif and wording as in Lev 15:15.
- Leviticus 4:20 (verbal): In the sin-offering for unintentional communal sin the text states 'the priest shall make atonement for them'—the priestly role of effecting forgiveness mirrors Lev 15:15's function.
- Leviticus 5:6-10 (thematic): Prescribes sin-offerings for various individual impurities and states that the priest makes atonement and the sin is forgiven—them1atically linked as the sacrificial means of purification like Lev 15:15.
- Numbers 19:11-12 (thematic): The water-of-separation ritual for contact with the dead effects ceremonial cleansing; while not a sacrificial atonement, it shares the theme of restoring ritual purity after contamination, akin to Lev 15:15's concern with purification rites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest shall make of them one a sin offering and the other a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD for his discharge.
- And the priest shall make one a sin offering and the other a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD from his discharge.
Lev.15.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שכבת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:17 (verbal): Immediately parallel verse in the same chapter: injunction about seminal emission touching a woman — bathing the whole body and being unclean until evening (nearly identical ritual wording).
- Leviticus 15:18 (verbal): Also in the immediate context: sexual intercourse causing seminal contact renders both parties unclean until evening and requires washing — same ritual principle applied to sexual activity.
- Deuteronomy 23:10-11 (thematic): Regulates a man with a nocturnal emission in the camp: he must go outside and wash and remains unclean until evening — same wash/‘until evening’ rubric for semen-related impurity.
- Leviticus 11:25 (thematic): Law about touching a carcass: the person who touches it must wash and is unclean until evening — demonstrates the recurring ‘wash and be unclean until evening’ formula across impurity laws.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a man from whom there goes out an emission of semen shall wash in water all his flesh and be unclean until the evening.
- And a man, when an emission of semen goes out from him, shall bathe all his flesh in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בגד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- שכבת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.16 (verbal): Immediately preceding regulation: a man who has a seminal emission must bathe his whole body and is unclean until evening — closely parallels the requirement to wash garments/skin where seed has been shed.
- Lev.15.18 (structural): Related provision about sexual contact and emission: both partners must wash and are unclean until evening, showing the same ritual pattern applied to persons and garments.
- Num.19.19 (verbal): Law about contact with a corpse: the unclean person must wash his clothes and bathe and is unclean until evening — uses the same formula of washing garments and uncleanness until evening.
- Deut.23.10-11 (thematic): Regulation for someone with a nocturnal emission in the camp: he must go outside, wash himself, and may return at evening — echoes the bodily/garment washing and duration of uncleanness.
- Lev.11.25 (verbal): On touching a carcass: the toucher/bearer must wash his clothes and is unclean until evening — another instance of washing clothes coupled with uncleanness until evening.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every garment and every leather article on which there is an emission of semen shall be washed in water and be unclean until the evening.
- And any garment and any leather on which there is an emission of semen shall be washed in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- שכבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורחצו: VERB,qal,imperative,2,m,pl
- במים: PREP
- וטמאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:16 (verbal): Gives the parallel rule for a man's seminal emission: he must wash his body with water and is unclean until evening — same wash-and-be-unclean-until-evening formula as 15:18.
- Deuteronomy 23:10–11 (structural): Commands that one who has a discharge (emission) must leave the camp, wash himself, and be unclean until evening — parallels the purification procedure and timing in Leviticus 15:18.
- Leviticus 15:24–27 (verbal): Treats intercourse with a menstruating woman: both must wash and are unclean until evening (and related rules about beds and garments) — closely parallels the sexual-contact impurity rules of 15:18.
- Leviticus 18:19 (thematic): Prohibits approaching a woman to have sexual relations during her menstrual impurity; thematically connected to the laws in Leviticus 15 regulating sexual contact and ritual impurity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when a man lies with a woman and an emission of semen occurs, they shall bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.
- And when a man lies with a woman, with an emission of semen, they shall bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- זבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- זבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בבשרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- בנדתה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3f
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנגע: PART,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15:25-27 (verbal): Same chapter’s rules for an abnormal (continuous) menstrual discharge; repeats impurity mechanics and effects on persons and objects, closely paralleling Lev 15:19’s legal language.
- Lev.15:16-18 (verbal): Laws about male seminal emission and intercourse making persons unclean 'until evening'; parallels the formula that contact with bodily discharges renders the toucher unclean until evening.
- Lev.12:2-5 (thematic): Postpartum purification and periods of female ritual impurity; treats women’s bodily conditions and prescribed durations of uncleanness, related in theme to menstrual impurity.
- Lev.18:19 (thematic): Prohibits having sexual relations with a woman during her menstrual period because her 'flow of blood' makes her unclean; a moral/ritual prohibition tied to the impurity concept in Lev 15:19.
- Num.19:11-13 (thematic): Contact with a corpse renders a person unclean 'until evening' and requires purification rites; parallels the temporal boundary ('until evening') and ritual framing of impurity in Lev 15:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a woman who has a discharge—her discharge in her body is blood—she shall be in her period seven days, and anyone who touches her shall be unclean until the evening.
- And a woman, when she has a discharge—her discharge in her body is blood—shall be in her menstruation seven days; and anyone who touches her shall be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- בנדתה: PREP+NOUN+PRON,f,sg,abs
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשב: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.15.18 (verbal): Same chapter and close wording: contact with a woman in her menstrual discharge makes the man and those he lies on/with ceremonially unclean; both verses treat sexual contact as transmitting impurity.
- Lev.15.19-24 (thematic): Broader set of laws on a woman’s menstrual uncleanness, detailing who becomes unclean by contact and the required purification — the context for 15:20’s rule about sitting/lying.
- Lev.18.19 (thematic): Prohibits approaching a woman to uncover her nakedness during her menstrual uncleanness — a related legal prohibition that treats sexual relations during menstruation as forbidden/defiling.
- Lev.20.18 (thematic): Prescribes punishment for a man who has sexual relations with a woman during her menstrual uncleanness, echoing the seriousness of the impurity and its social/legal consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- And everything on which she lies during her period shall be unclean, and everything on which she sits shall be unclean.
- And everything on which she lies during her menstruation shall be unclean, and everything on which she sits shall be unclean.
Lev.15.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנגע: PART,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
- במשכבה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss,3,f
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:19-20 (thematic): Immediate context: rules about a woman’s menstrual uncleanness — she is unclean for seven days and anyone who touches her or her bed is made unclean (shared subject and legal framework).
- Leviticus 15:28 (verbal): Close parallel within the same chapter stating that those who lie with a menstruant must wash their clothes and be unclean until evening — repeats the formula of washing, bathing, and temporary uncleanness.
- Leviticus 11:24-25 (verbal): Uses the same technical language: touching a carcass makes one unclean until evening, and carrying it requires washing clothes and being unclean until evening — parallels the ‘wash clothes … unclean until evening’ wording and temporary impurity rhythm.
- Leviticus 13:6-7 (thematic): In the cultic laws on skin disease the cleansing process likewise includes washing garments and bathing as part of ritual purification — similar use of washing clothes and bathing as rites for removing impurity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And anyone who touches her bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And anyone who touches her bed shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנגע: PART,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשב: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:5 (verbal): Nearly identical prescription: whoever touches the bed/thing of the man with a discharge must wash clothes, bathe in water, and is unclean until evening (same legal wording and ritual effect).
- Leviticus 15:19 (verbal): Parallel treatment of bodily discharges (this time a woman): touching the woman or what she sits on renders a person unclean until evening and requires purification—same legal principle and timing.
- Leviticus 11:24 (verbal): Uses the same temporal formula (‘unclean until the evening’) for ritual impurity caused by contact with certain unclean items, showing the standard duration for many forms of impurity.
- Mark 5:27-30 (thematic): New Testament narrative of the woman with a bleeding disorder who touches Jesus’ garment—invokes the cultural/legal concern about impurity transfer by touch and the power of healing/cleaning, thematically engaging Levitical purity rules.
Alternative generated candidates
- And anyone who touches any object on which she sits shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And anyone who touches any object on which she sits shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- על: PREP
- המשכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- על: PREP
- הכלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ישבת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- בנגעו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:21-22 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter: if a man who has an issue touches bedding or garments (or anything he sat on), the thing and the toucher become unclean until evening—same legal formula and objects.
- Leviticus 11:24-25 (verbal): Uses the same ritual phrase 'unclean until evening' for contamination by touching certain carcasses or by eating them, showing a common temporal boundary for impurity in priestly law.
- Numbers 5:2 (thematic): Commands that anyone with an 'issue' (bodily discharge) be put outside the camp—relates thematically to the regulations in Lev 15 treating discharges as causes of ritual impurity and separation.
- Numbers 19:11-12 (structural): Another system of impurity by contact (touching a corpse) with specified purification procedures and temporal markers; parallels Lev 15 in treating contact-based impurity and prescribing ways/time for cleansing.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if it is on the bed or on the object on which she sits—when he touches it, he shall be unclean until the evening.
- And if it is on the bed or on the object on which she is sitting, when he touches it he shall be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- שכב: VERB,qal,inf
- ישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3f
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המשכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.15:18 (verbal): Nearly identical legal formulation earlier in the same chapter: when a man lies with a woman in her menstrual uncleanness he is unclean seven days and every bed he lies on is unclean (verbal repetition of the same rule).
- Lev.15:16-17 (structural): Related purity rules about bodily discharges and emissions: a man with a seminal emission must wash and is unclean, and beds/objects that are lain upon become ritually unclean—same legal structure assigning seven‑day uncleanness and contagion to objects.
- Lev.12:2-5 (thematic): Purification timetables after childbirth (seven days unclean for a mother, followed by a longer purification) — shares the theme of defined periods of ritual impurity and prescribed separation/cleansing.
- Mark 5:25-34 (cf. Matt. 9:20-22; Luke 8:43-48) (allusion): The Gospels recount a woman with a chronic flow of blood (ritually unclean under Levitical law) who is healed by touching Jesus. The episode alludes to the social and ritual consequences of menstrual/flow impurity and engages the Levitical purity framework behind Lev 15.}]}
Alternative generated candidates
- And if a man indeed lies with her so that her period is upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean.
- And if a man indeed lies with her and her menstruation comes upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean.
Lev.15.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יזוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- זוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דמה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- בלא: PREP
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3fs-suff
- או: CONJ
- כי: CONJ
- תזוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3fs-suff
- כל: DET
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- זוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמאתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3fs-suff
- כימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3fs-suff
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- טמאה: ADJ,f,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.15:19 (verbal): Directly related provision about a woman's menstrual impurity; both verses use the same language about days of impurity and declare her unclean for the days of the flow.
- Lev.12:2-5 (thematic): Gives rules for a woman's ritual impurity and periods of uncleanness after childbirth—parallels the concern with female bodily discharges and prescribed temporal impurity and cleansing.
- Lev.18:19 (thematic): Prohibits sexual relations with a woman during her menstrual period; reflects the social-ethical consequences of the menstrual impurity described in Lev 15:25.
- Mark 5:25-34 (thematic): The story of the woman with a chronic flow of blood invokes the purity/impurity background of Leviticus 15; her condition and isolation mirror the legal consequences of prolonged bleeding.
- Numbers 19:11-22 (thematic): Regulations about ritual impurity and the timing of purification (third and seventh days) and procedures for becoming clean after contact with impurity echo the temporal and ritual patterning found in Leviticus 15:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a woman, when her blood flows many days beyond the time of her period, or when she has a flow beyond her period, all the days of the flow of her uncleanness shall be as in the days of her period; she is unclean.
- And a woman, if her flow of blood runs many days outside the time of her menstruation, or if it flows beyond her menstruation, all the days of the flow of her impurity she shall be as in the days of her menstruation—she is unclean.
Lev.15.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- המשכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- זובה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כמשכב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הכלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשב: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כטמאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,constr
- נדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:18 (verbal): Speaks of a man who lies with a woman having a flow becoming unclean and the bed becoming unclean — closely mirrors the language about beds and transfer of impurity.
- Leviticus 15:19-24 (structural): Immediate context: the laws governing a woman’s menstrual discharge, required washing of garments and beds, and the period of uncleanness — same legal framework and rulings.
- Leviticus 12:2-5 (thematic): Childbirth impurity laws prescribe a period of ritual uncleanness and restrictions on contact with holy things, paralleling the concept of temporary bodily impurity and prescribed separation/cleansing.
- Leviticus 18:19 (thematic): Prohibits approaching a woman during her menstrual impurity (sexual relations), reflecting the normative concern with ritual uncleanness and contact during menstrual periods.
- Numbers 19:11-13 (thematic): Laws about becoming unclean by touching a corpse and the requirement to wash until evening — analogous transfer of ritual impurity to people and objects and the need for purification.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every bed on which she lies all the days of her flow shall be for her like the bed of her period; and every object on which she sits shall be unclean, like the uncleanness of her period.
- Every bed on which she lies all the days of her flow shall be to her as the bed of her menstruation, and every object on which she sits shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her menstruation.
Lev.15.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנוגע: VERB,qal,ptc,-,m,sg,def
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- וטמא: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.15.25 (verbal): Same section of ch.15 governing abnormal menstrual/other discharges — repeats the ritual formula: one who touches the discharge/cloth must wash clothes, bathe, and is unclean until evening.
- Lev.15.4 (structural): Earlier in ch.15 the same legal pattern is applied to a man with a seminal discharge: touching him/ his bed requires washing garments, bathing in water, and uncleanness until evening.
- Lev.11.25 (verbal): Dietary/cleanliness laws: one who bears/touches a carcass must wash his clothes and is unclean until evening — identical ritual language applied to a different impurity source.
- Num.19.11 (thematic): Touching a corpse renders a person ritually unclean and triggers prescribed purification rites — parallels the underlying principle that contact with certain impurities requires washing and separation (though the procedures/duration differ).
Alternative generated candidates
- And whoever touches them shall be unclean, and he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
- And whoever touches them shall be unclean, and shall wash his garments and bathe in water and be unclean until evening.
Lev.15.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- טהרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מזובה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וספרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואחר: CONJ
- תטהר: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:25–27 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter addressing a woman with a prolonged flow: when she is cleansed she must count seven days and then be declared clean—same ritual prescription and language.
- Leviticus 15:19–24 (verbal): Earlier rules on menstrual impurity: the woman is unclean for seven days during her discharge and specific cleansing/interval requirements after the discharge ceases—same ritual logic of counting days for purity.
- Leviticus 12:2–5 (thematic): Purification after childbirth is regulated by fixed day-periods (e.g., seven days of initial impurity), illustrating the broader Levitical pattern of counting days as part of bodily-impurity rites.
- Numbers 19:11–12 (thematic): Contact with the dead renders a person unclean for seven days and prescribes purification rites (washing on the third and seventh days) — parallels the use of seven-day periods and staged purification procedures.
- Leviticus 14:8–9 (structural): Cleansing rites for skin disease include washing and procedures tied to a seven-day period and subsequent rituals once the person is pronounced clean—comparable structure for restoring ritual purity after a condition ends.
Alternative generated candidates
- But when she becomes clean from her flow, she shall count for herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean.
- And if she becomes clean from her flow, she shall count for herself seven days, and afterward she shall be clean.
Lev.15.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וביום: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- תקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- תרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- או: CONJ
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והביאה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 12:6-8 (verbal): Direct parallel ritual: when a woman completes purification after childbirth she is to bring 'two turtledoves or two young pigeons' to the priest — nearly identical offering and context.
- Luke 2:22-24 (quotation): Mary and Joseph bring Jesus to be purified and offer 'a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons,' explicitly echoing the Levitical purification provision.
- Leviticus 14:4-7 (thematic): The cleansing of a leper employs two living clean birds in the purification rite (one killed over water, one released), showing a recurring use of paired birds in cultic cleansing.
- Leviticus 5:7 (verbal): Provision for those unable to afford a lamb permits offering 'two turtledoves or two young pigeons' as substitute sacrifices, reflecting the sacrificial role of paired birds in Levitical law.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the eighth day she shall take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting.
- And on the eighth day she shall take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the priest, to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Lev.15.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מזוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמאתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 14:19-20 (verbal): Cleansing ritual language: one offering is for sin and the other for a burnt offering, and the priest 'makes atonement' for the one to be cleansed—close verbal parallel to Lev 15:30.
- Leviticus 12:6-7 (verbal): After impurity of childbirth the woman brings offerings and 'the priest shall offer it...and make atonement for her,' echoing the priestly atonement formula in Lev 15:30.
- Leviticus 16:6,11,17 (thematic): Yom Kippur rites where the priest performs sacrificial acts to make atonement and cleanse the sanctuary/people—same priestly atonement function as in Lev 15:30.
- Leviticus 4:20 (cf. 4:26,35) (verbal): Repeated sin-offering formula: 'and the priest shall make atonement for him'—the standard technical phraseology underpinning Lev 15:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest shall make the one a sin offering and the other a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD for the discharge of her uncleanness.
- And the priest shall make the one a sin offering and the other a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD from the discharge of her impurity.
Lev.15.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והזרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מטמאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ימתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בטמאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בטמאם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משכני: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בתוכם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 5:2–3 (structural): Commands to remove the unclean from the camp so the community and God’s dwelling among them are not defiled — a parallel legal arrangement of separation to protect the sanctuary/community.
- Deuteronomy 23:14 (thematic): Warns that the LORD walks in the midst of the camp and therefore the camp must be kept holy so that no unclean thing is seen — echoes the concern that uncleanness must not defile God’s dwelling.
- Leviticus 20:3 (verbal): States that one who causes others to sin and thereby defiles God’s sanctuary will be cut off — directly connects defiling the sanctuary with divine judgment, similar to Lev 15:31’s warning about death in uncleanness.
- Leviticus 13:46 (verbal): Prescribes isolation ‘outside the camp’ for the ceremonially unclean so they do not defile the community — parallels the requirement to separate the unclean to protect God’s dwelling among Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall keep the sons of Israel from their uncleannesses, so that they not die in their uncleannesses by their defiling my tabernacle that is in their midst.
- And you shall keep the Israelites from their impurities, lest they die in their impurities by defiling my dwelling that is in their midst.
Lev.15.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הזב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שכבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לטמאה: PREP+ADJ,f,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 12:2-8 (thematic): Both passages set out laws of ritual impurity and prescribed periods and rites for being unclean and later purified (childbirth vs. bodily discharges).
- Leviticus 13:46 (thematic): Like the rules for a zav, the leprosy regulations prescribe social separation/quarantine and priestly determination of uncleanness and restoration.
- Leviticus 18:19 (thematic): Prohibits sexual relations during a woman’s menstrual impurity—parallel concern with sexual/ bodily discharges as causes of ritual uncleanness.
- Deuteronomy 23:10-11 (verbal): Gives procedural rules for someone unclean from a nocturnal emission to leave the camp and wash—closely parallels the Leviticus regulations about separation and cleansing to protect the community.
- Numbers 19:11-22 (structural): Treats another major category of impurity (contact with a corpse) and prescribes cleansing rites (water/ashes) and community protection, reflecting the same cultic logic about defilement and purification found in Lev.15.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the instruction for the one with a discharge, and for him from whom an emission of semen goes out, to be made unclean by it,
- This is the instruction for the man with a discharge, and for the one from whom an emission of semen goes out, for becoming unclean by it,
Lev.15.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והדוה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- בנדתה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- והזב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- זובו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- לזכר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולנקבה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולאיש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- טמאה: ADJ,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 15:18 (verbal): Same chapter and legal context: specifies that if a man lies with a woman who has a discharge both are unclean; shares vocabulary and the ruling about sexual contact and emissions.
- Leviticus 18:19 (thematic): Prohibits approaching a woman to have sexual relations during her menstrual impurity—a parallel prohibition addressing intercourse with a menstruating/flowing woman.
- Leviticus 20:18 (thematic): Repeats the prohibition and prescribes exclusion/punishment for having sexual relations with a woman during her uncleanness, intensifying the legal consequence for the same act.
- Mark 5:25–34 (thematic): Narrative of a woman with a chronic flow of blood who is considered ceremonially unclean; Jesus heals and pronounces her made whole—thematises the social and ritual consequences of a bodily discharge addressed in Lev. 15.
Alternative generated candidates
- and for the menstruant in her period, and for the one with a discharge, with respect to his discharge, for male and for female, and for the man who lies with one who is unclean.
- and for the woman in her menstruation, and for the one with a discharge, male or female, regarding their discharge, and for a man who lies with an unclean woman.
And the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: Any man—when a discharge comes from his flesh, his discharge is unclean. And this shall be his uncleanness in his discharge: whether his flesh runs with his discharge or his flesh is blocked from his discharge, it is his uncleanness.
Every bed on which the man with the discharge lies shall become unclean, and every object on which he sits shall become unclean. And a man who touches his bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And he who sits on any object on which the man with the discharge sat shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And the one who touches the flesh of the man with the discharge shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And if the man with the discharge spits on someone who is clean, then he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And any saddle on which the man with the discharge rides shall be unclean. And anyone who touches anything that is under him shall be unclean until evening; and whoever carries them shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And anyone whom the man with the discharge touches—without his having rinsed his hands in water—shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And an earthenware vessel that the man with the discharge touches shall be broken, and every wooden vessel shall be rinsed in water. And when the man with the discharge is cleansed from his discharge, he shall count for himself seven days for his cleansing; and he shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in living water and shall be clean. And on the eighth day he shall take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and come before the LORD, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, and give them to the priest. And the priest shall make them: the one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD because of his discharge. And a man, when an emission of semen goes out from him, shall bathe all his flesh in water and be unclean until evening. And any garment and any leather on which there is an emission of semen shall be washed with water and be unclean until evening. And if a man lies with a woman and there is an emission of semen, the two of them shall bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And a woman, when she has a discharge—her discharge in her flesh is blood—she shall be in her menstruation seven days, and anyone who touches her shall be unclean until evening. And everything on which she lies in her menstruation shall be unclean, and everything on which she sits shall be unclean. And whoever touches her bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And whoever touches any object on which she sits shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. And whether it is on the bed or on the object on which she sits, when he touches it he shall be unclean until evening. And if a man indeed lies with her and her menstruation is upon him, he shall be unclean seven days, and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean. And a woman, if the flow of her blood runs many days outside the time of her menstruation, or if it flows beyond her menstruation, all the days of the flow of her uncleanness shall be as the days of her menstruation; she is unclean.
Every bed on which she lies all the days of her flow shall be to her like the bed of her menstruation, and every object on which she sits shall be unclean like the uncleanness of her menstruation. And whoever touches them shall be unclean, and he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening. But if she is cleansed from her flow, she shall count for herself seven days, and afterward she shall be clean. And on the eighth day she shall take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting. And the priest shall make the one a sin offering and the other a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD because of the flow of her uncleanness. And you shall keep the sons of Israel away from their impurities, lest they die in their impurity by defiling My dwelling that is among them.
This is the instruction for the one with a discharge, and for the one from whom an emission of semen goes out, to become unclean by it:
and for her who is in her menstruation, and for the one with a discharge, for male and for female, and for the man who lies with a woman who is unclean.