Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals
Matthew 21:12-17
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Matt.21.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,nom,sg,n
- ιερον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- εξεβαλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- πωλουντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αγοραζοντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- τραπεζας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- κολλυβιστων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- κατεστρεψεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- καθεδρας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πωλουντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- περιστερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
Parallels
- Mark 11:15-17 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Mark records the same temple-cleansing—Jesus drives out sellers and overturns tables and cites the temple's purpose, with close verbal and narrative agreement to Matthew.
- Luke 19:45-46 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Luke gives a closely related account of Jesus clearing the temple, overturning the merchants' tables and declaring the temple a house of prayer, matching Matthew's action and speech.
- John 2:13-16 (structural): Non-synoptic parallel: John also depicts Jesus cleansing the temple (driving out animals and money-changers) though placed early in Jesus' ministry; the action and polemical thrust are closely related.
- Isaiah 56:7 (quotation): Scriptural background/quotation: Jesus' later saying that the temple is to be 'a house of prayer for all nations' echoes Isaiah 56:7, which Matthew and the Gospels cite after the cleansing.
- Jeremiah 7:11 (verbal): Verbal/allusive background: Jeremiah's denunciation calling the temple 'a den of robbers' (or 'thieves') is echoed by Jesus' charge against those misusing the temple, language Matthew associates with the cleansing.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus entered the temple and drove out all who were buying and selling in the temple; and he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those selling doves.
- And Jesus entered the temple and drove out all who were buying and selling in the temple; he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those who sold doves.
Matt.21.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Γεγραπται·Ο: PRON,dat,pl,m;VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg;ART,nom,sg,m
- οικος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- οικος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- προσευχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- κληθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m,3
- ποιειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- σπηλαιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ληστων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Isaiah 56:7 (quotation): Matthew quotes/echoes Isaiah's line 'for my house shall be called a house of prayer,' which he applies to the Jerusalem temple.
- Jeremiah 7:11 (quotation): The phrase 'a den of robbers' echoes Jeremiah's denunciation of the temple as a place turned to wrongdoing despite being called by God's name.
- Mark 11:17 (structural): Parallel Synoptic account of Jesus cleansing the temple; Mark records the same quotation and condemnation of temple commerce.
- Luke 19:46 (structural): Luke's parallel telling of the temple-cleansing also cites the temple's intended purpose and condemns its misuse, closely aligning with Matthew's wording.
- John 2:16–17 (thematic): John's earlier temple-cleansing narrative is thematically parallel: Jesus drives out sellers and cites 'zeal for your house will consume me' (Psalm 69:9), linking zeal for the sacred space to its proper use.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to them, 'It is written, “My house shall be called a house of prayer,” but you have made it a den of robbers.'
- And he said to them, 'It is written, My house shall be called a house of prayer; but you have made it a den of robbers.'
Matt.21.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- προσηλθον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- τυφλοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- χωλοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εθεραπευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Isaiah 35:5–6 (allusion): Messianic prophecy that 'the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the lame shall leap'—Matthew's healing of blind and lame in the temple evokes fulfillment of Isaiah's signs of the kingdom.
- Matthew 12:15 (verbal): Similar language and theme—crowds come to Jesus and he heals them (Matthew repeatedly links large-scale healing ministry with Jesus' public activity).
- Matthew 4:23 (thematic): Summarizes Jesus' ministry of teaching and healing throughout Galilee ('healing every disease and every affliction'), paralleling Matthew 21:14's brief report of healings in the temple.
- Luke 19:47–48 (structural): Parallel setting after the Triumphal Entry—Luke records Jesus teaching daily in the temple and the chief priests' opposition, corresponding to Matthew's temple scene though Luke omits the explicit healings.
- Mark 11:15–18 (structural): Mark's account of Jesus cleansing the temple and the displeasure of the chief priests and scribes parallels Matthew's immediate context (the temple action followed by public ministry and leaders' hostility).
Alternative generated candidates
- And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them.
- And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them.
Matt.21.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ιδοντες: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αρχιερεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- γραμματεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,nom,pl,neut
- θαυμασια: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- α: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- παιδας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- κραζοντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- λεγοντας·Ωσαννα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- υιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ηγανακτησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Mark 11:9-10 (verbal): Crowd acclamation at Jesus' entry—‘Hosanna’ and blessings—parallels the children crying ‘Hosanna to the Son of David.’
- John 12:12-19 (thematic): Triumphal entry with crowd shouting ‘Hosanna’ to the Son of David; provides a parallel account of the same acclamation and public reaction.
- Luke 19:37-40 (thematic): Children and disciples praise Jesus in the temple; Pharisees object and Jesus defends the praise—parallel tension between joyful acclamation and religious leaders' displeasure.
- Mark 11:18 (structural): The chief priests and scribes' hostile response to Jesus’ actions (seeking how to deal with him) parallels Matthew’s note of their indignation at the children’s cry.
- Psalm 8:2 (quotation): Jesus later cites this psalm (‘out of the mouths of babes…’) in Matthew 21:16 to justify the children’s praise; an explicit scriptural parallel/justification for the scene.
Alternative generated candidates
- But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things he did, and the children crying out in the temple, 'Hosanna to the Son of David!' they were indignant and said to him, 'Do you hear what these are saying?'
- But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things he did, and the children shouting in the temple, 'Hosanna to the Son of David,' they were indignant.
Matt.21.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειπαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτω·Ακουεις: PRON,dat,sg,m+VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τι: ADV
- ουτοι: DEM,nom,pl,m
- λεγουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Ναι: PRON,dat,pl,m+INTJ
- ουδεποτε: ADV
- ανεγνωτε: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- Εκ: PREP
- στοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- νηπιων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- θηλαζοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- κατηρτισω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αινον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Psalm 8:2 (quotation): Direct source of Jesus' citation — LXX/MT wording: 'Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise.' Jesus is quoting this Psalm to justify the children's praise.
- Luke 19:39-40 (thematic): Parallel response to objectors about the crowd's praise: Jesus insists praise must be expressed (otherwise the stones would cry out), defending the spontaneous praises like those of the children in Matthew.
- Hebrews 2:6-8 (allusion): Hebrews explicitly cites Psalm 8 (vv.4–6) in a christological argument; shows the early Christian use of the same psalm material Jesus quotes, linking human praise and Christ's dignity.
- Mark 11:9-10 (structural): Parallel account of the Triumphal Entry where the crowd (including children) shouts 'Hosanna' and praises the coming king — the same scene Matthew places immediately before the temple action.
- John 12:12-13 (thematic): John's Triumphal Entry likewise records palms and acclamation ('Hosanna'), reflecting the same praise-motif by crowds/children that Matthew defends with the Psalm quotation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to them, 'Yes; have you never read, “Out of the mouths of infants and nursing babies you have prepared praise”?'
- And he said to them, 'Have you never read, Out of the mouths of infants and nursing babes you have prepared praise?'
Matt.21.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- καταλιπων: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,nom,sg,m
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εξηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εξω: ADV
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πολεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- Βηθανιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ηυλισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εκει: ADV
Parallels
- Mark 11:11 (verbal): Same movement and lodging: Mark explicitly records Jesus leaving Jerusalem and going to Bethany to stay, closely matching Matthew’s note that he left the city and lodged in Bethany.
- Mark 11:19 (structural): Concludes the day’s activity with Jesus departing the city at evening—paralleling Matthew’s brief report that he left the city and lodged outside it.
- Luke 21:37 (thematic): Depicts the pattern of Jesus teaching in the temple by day and going out to lodge at night (on the Mount of Olives), paralleling Matthew’s theme of nightly withdrawal from the city to nearby lodging.
- John 12:1 (thematic): Places Jesus in Bethany shortly before the passion and notes his presence there (visiting/staying), providing a locational parallel to Matthew’s remark that he lodged in Bethany.
- John 11:54 (thematic): Describes Jesus withdrawing from open activity in Jerusalem and staying in a nearby town (Ephraim) with his disciples—paralleling the motif of leaving the city and lodging outside its walls for safety or strategic reasons.
Alternative generated candidates
- And leaving them he went out of the city to Bethany, and there he lodged.
- And he left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where he lodged.
And Jesus entered the temple and drove out all who were buying and selling in the temple; he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the benches of those selling doves,
and he said to them, "It is written, 'My house shall be called a house of prayer'; but you have made it a den of robbers.'"
Then the blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things he did, and the children crying out in the temple and saying, "Hosanna to the Son of David!" they were indignant and said to him, "Do you hear what these are saying to you?" And Jesus said to them, "Yes; have you never read, 'Out of the mouths of infants and nursing babes you have prepared praise for yourself'?" And he left them, went out of the city to Bethany, and lodged there.