Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security
Ezekiel 28:20-26
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Eze.28.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): Identical prophetic formula: 'And the word of the LORD came to me, saying' — a commissioning/oracular introduction used to present a divine message to the prophet.
- Hosea 1:1 (structural): Opening formula for a prophetic book: 'The word of the LORD that came to Hosea' — serves the same function of introducing an oracle from YHWH.
- Joel 1:1 (verbal): Uses the same introductory wording ('The word of the LORD that came to Joel') to announce a prophetic communication, paralleling Ezekiel's formulaic lead-in.
- Micah 1:1 (structural): Begins with 'The word of the LORD that came to Micah' — a parallel structural device signaling the start of an oracle and linking Ezekiel's formula to the wider prophetic corpus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
- And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Eze.28.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שים: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- צידון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנבא: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 25:3 (verbal): Uses the identical prophetic formula 'Son of man, set thy face against...' when calling for judgment on a neighboring nation (Ammon), paralleling the form and purpose of Ezek 28:21.
- Ezekiel 26:2 (structural): Another oracle addressed to a Phoenician city (Tyre) with similar prophetic intent and regional focus; shows Ezekiel's pattern of pronouncing fate on coastal city-states.
- Ezekiel 28:22 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same prophecy against Sidon; provides the content and consequences that follow the command in 28:21.
- Jeremiah 25:22 (thematic): Lists Sidon among the nations to 'drink the cup' of God's wrath; echoes the theme of collective divine judgment against Sidon found in Ezek 28:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Son of man, set your face toward Sidon and prophesy against it.
- Son of man, set your face against Sidon and prophesy against her,
Eze.28.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- צידון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונכבדתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,m,sg
- בתוכך: PREP,2,m,sg
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בעשותי: PREP+INF,qal,infc,1,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- שפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ונקדשתי: VERB,niphal,impf,1,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 25:17 (verbal): Uses the same prophetic formula 'then they shall know that I am the LORD'—God's vindication made manifest through judgment.
- Ezekiel 29:8-9 (verbal): God declares judgment on Egypt so that 'they will know that I am the LORD'—parallel of punitive action producing recognition of Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 36:23 (thematic): God promises to 'sanctify my great name' and have the nations know that He is the LORD—connects the themes of sanctification/glory and recognition.
- Ezekiel 39:21-23 (thematic): After punishing the nations God says Israel and the nations will know that He is the LORD, emphasizing vindication and the sanctification of God's name.
Alternative generated candidates
- And say, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, Sidon, and I will be glorified within you; and they shall know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments in her and make myself holy in her.
- and say, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, Sidon, and I will manifest my glory in your midst; and they shall know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments in you and am sanctified in you.
Eze.28.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחוצותיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,f,sg
- ונפלל: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- חלל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בתוכה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,fs
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- מסביב: ADV,loc
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 5:11 (verbal): Uses the same judicial formula—bringing the sword/punishment upon a city and concluding with “you shall know that I am the LORD,” echoing Ezek 28:23’s purpose statement.
- Ezekiel 14:21 (thematic): Lists the instruments of divine judgment—'the sword, famine, and pestilence'—parallel to Ezek 28:23’s sending of pestilence/blood and downfall by the sword.
- Ezekiel 36:23 (structural): Shares the theological purpose language—God acts so that people will 'know that I am the LORD'—linking judgment/restoration to God’s disclosure of himself.
- Ezekiel 39:21-22 (verbal): Similar covenantal/theophanic conclusion: nations see God’s acts and 'know that I am the LORD,' connecting military/devastating acts to the recognition of YHWH.
- Isaiah 19:22 (thematic): Speaks of God sending punishment (and eventual healing) to a nation so that they 'shall know that I am the LORD,' paralleling Ezek 28:23’s motif of punitive acts intended to make God known.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will send pestilence and blood into her streets; the slain shall fall within her by the sword round about her—then they shall know that I am the LORD.
- I will send pestilence and blood into your streets; the slain shall fall within you by the sword all around you, and they shall know that I am the LORD.
Eze.28.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ממאיר: PREP+ADJ,m,sg
- וקוץ: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מכאב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מכל: PREP
- סביבתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- השאטים: DET+VERB,qal,ptcp,pl,m
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 28:25-26 (structural): Immediate context — continues the promise that neighboring peoples will no longer be a threat and repeats the climactic formula 'and they shall know that I am the LORD,' making 28:24 part of a larger restoration unit.
- Ezekiel 34:25-26 (thematic): Similar promise of protection and peace: God will remove dangers, establish security for Israel, and bring covenantal blessing — themes of removal of harm and divine vindication echo 28:24.
- Judges 2:3 (verbal): Uses the imagery of surrounding peoples as 'thorns' or 'pricks' to describe ongoing harm from nations around Israel; parallels the brier/thorn metaphor for external oppression in 28:24.
- Exodus 6:7 (verbal): Contains the same revelatory formula 'you shall know that I am the LORD' tied to God's saving actions — a recurring theological motif that 28:24 invokes to mark recognition of YHWH's intervention.
Alternative generated candidates
- And there shall be no more a pricking brier to the house of Israel, nor any grieving thorn of all who are round about them who despised them; and they shall know that I am the Lord GOD.
- You shall no longer be a pricking brier to the house of Israel, nor a painful thorn to those who surround them and scorn them; and they shall know that I the Lord GOD.
Eze.28.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בקבצי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נפצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונקדשתי: VERB,niphal,impf,1,m,sg
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- אדמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss,3,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לעבדי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff
- ליעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 36:24 (verbal): Uses the same language of gathering Israel from the nations ('I will take you from the nations and gather you') and links return with God's purpose to sanctify/cleanse his people.
- Ezekiel 37:21-28 (thematic): Promises reunification and regathering of Israel into their land, God's dwelling among them, and a lasting covenantal/davidic order—paralleling return and God's sanctification in the sight of the nations.
- Jeremiah 30:3 (thematic): A prophetic promise that the days will come when God will restore Israel’s fortunes and bring them back to the land he gave their fathers—theme of regathering and restoration.
- Isaiah 11:11-12 (thematic): Foretells God’s action to recover the remnant of his people from the nations and gather the dispersed—echoes the motif of gathering from the peoples and return to the land.
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): God promises to restore Israel to their land where they will rebuild, be planted, and no longer be uprooted—parallels dwelling permanently in the land given to Jacob.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the Lord GOD: When I gather the house of Israel from the nations among which they were scattered, I will be sanctified among them in the sight of the nations, and they shall return to the land that I gave to my servant Jacob.
- Thus says the Lord GOD: When I gather the house of Israel from the nations among which they have been scattered, I will be sanctified in them before the eyes of the nations, and they shall dwell on the land that I gave to my servant Jacob.
Eze.28.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- לבטח: ADV
- ובנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ונטעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כרמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לבטח: ADV
- בעשותי: PREP+INF,qal,infc,1,sg
- שפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השאטים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מסביבותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Ezekiel 34:28 (verbal): Very close wording and theme within Ezekiel's restoration oracle: Israel will dwell in the land, build houses and plant vineyards, live securely, and know that the LORD is their God.
- Ezekiel 36:28 (verbal): Part of a parallel restoration promise: God will cause the people to dwell in the land and make them his people so that they 'know that I am the LORD,' echoing the concluding line of Ezek 28:26.
- Isaiah 32:18 (verbal): Isaiah promises peaceful habitations and secure dwellings ('my people will abide in a peaceful habitation, in secure dwellings'), closely echoing the motif of safety and settled life found in Ezek 28:26.
- Leviticus 26:5–6 (thematic): Leviticus pairs divine blessing (peace, fruitful land) with security—'you shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid'—and depicts God's protection against surrounding foes, thematically parallel to God executing judgments around them so they may dwell securely.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall settle there in safety; they shall build houses and plant vineyards and dwell in security, when I execute judgments against all those who despised them round about—then they shall know that I am the LORD their God.
- They shall dwell there securely; they shall build houses and plant vineyards, and they shall dwell securely when I execute judgments among all those who despise them round about; and they shall know that I am the LORD their God.
And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Son of man, set your face against Sidon, and prophesy against her. And say, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, O Sidon; I will be glorified within you, and they shall know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments in her and sanctify myself through her.
I will send pestilence and blood into her streets; the slain shall fall in her midst by the sword all around her, and they shall know that I am the LORD.
There shall no longer be a pricking thorn to the house of Israel, nor shall they be vexed any more by all who surround them and despise them; and they shall know that I am the Lord GOD. Thus says the Lord GOD: When I gather the house of Israel from the nations among which they have been scattered, and when I am sanctified in them before the eyes of the nations, they shall dwell on the land that I gave to my servant Jacob.
They shall settle there securely, build houses and plant vineyards, and live in safety when I execute judgments against all those around who despised them; and they shall know that I am the LORD their God.