Territory of Issachar
Joshua 19:17-23
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Jos.19.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ליששכר: PREP
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הרביעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- לבני: PREP
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 26:23-25 (verbal): Lists the sons of Issachar (Tola, Puvah/Puah, Jashub, Shimron), supplying the family divisions behind the phrase “to the children of Issachar, according to their families.”
- 1 Chronicles 7:1-5 (verbal): Gives a genealogical breakdown of Issachar’s descendants and household groups, paralleling the reference to Issachar’s families in the allotment context.
- Genesis 46:13 (thematic): Names Issachar among Jacob’s sons who went to Egypt, establishing the tribal identity and continuity that underlies later land allotments.
- Genesis 30:18 (allusion): Relates Leah’s naming of Issachar (“God has given me my hire”), providing the origin and theological nuance of the tribe’s name that is presupposed in tribal listings and allotments.
- Joshua 19:10-16 (structural): The immediately preceding allotment material in the same chapter demonstrates the pattern of distributing tribal lots; 19:17 continues that sequence by specifying the fourth lot for Issachar and its families.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the fourth lot came up for the sons of Issachar by their families.
- And the fourth lot came up for the sons of Issachar by their families.
Jos.19.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- גבולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- יזרעאלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והכסולת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושונם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:17-23 (structural): Immediate context: the surrounding verses list the towns allotted to the tribe (Zebulun), of which Jezreel, Kesulloth, and Shunem are part—verse 18 is one element of this list.
- Judges 4:6-16 (thematic): The plain of Jezreel is the scene of Deborah and Barak's battle with Sisera; connects geographically and thematically to Jezreel named in Joshua 19:18.
- 2 Kings 4:8-37 (verbal): Shunem is the setting for the Shunammite woman's interaction with Elisha (the 'Shunammite' episode); the same place-name appears in Joshua 19:18.
- 1 Kings 21:1-16 (verbal): Jezreel is the location of Naboth's vineyard and the Ahab–Jezebel incident; another significant biblical episode tied to the same town named in Joshua 19:18.
- 2 Kings 9:30-37 (verbal): Jezreel is also the site of Jezebel's death in Jehu's purge; again the same place-name appears across narratives tied to this region.
Alternative generated candidates
- And their border was Jezreel, Chesulloth, and Shunem,
- And their border was Jezreel, Chesulloth, and Shunem.
Jos.19.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וחפרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושיאן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואנחרת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:18-20 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter — neighbouring verses continue the catalogue of towns in the tribal allotment (same list tradition and context).
- Joshua 21:34-35 (verbal): The list of Levitical cities echoes the town-list tradition of the tribal allotments; several place-names from the allotment lists reappear in the cities assigned to the Levites in the same region.
- Judges 1:27-30 (thematic): Judges recounts the fortunes of the Israelite tribes in northern Canaan and mentions towns in the same general region — thematically connected as another witness to settlement and non‑expulsion of original inhabitants in these localities.
- 1 Chronicles 6:57-81 (structural): The Chronicler preserves Levite city lists and territorial notes that overlap the Joshua/Judges town‑list tradition, providing a parallel catalogue that reflects the same settlement/toponymic traditions.
Alternative generated candidates
- and Hapharim, Shion, and Anaharath,
- Hapharim, Shion, and Anaharath.
Jos.19.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והרבית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקשיון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואבץ: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:18-21 (structural): Immediate literary context: the same cluster of place-names in the tribal allotment list (the verse is one line in this contiguous list of towns).
- Joshua 21:32 (structural): Joshua’s list of Levitical cities in Naphtali (e.g., Kedesh in Galilee) parallels the tribal allotment material in ch. 19, linking the same geographic region and settlement pattern.
- Judges 4:7 (verbal): Uses the name Kishon (Kishion) for the river/battleground; the appearance of קשיון in Josh.19:20 is verbally related to this well‑known toponym in the Jezreel/Kishon area.
- Judges 1:30-31 (thematic): Early Judges’ catalogue of towns and unconquered cities in the north echoes the genre and concerns of Joshua’s tribal-town lists (distribution, occupation, and regional place‑names).
Alternative generated candidates
- Rabbith, Kishion, and Abez,
- Rabbith, Kishion, and Abez.
Jos.19.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ורמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועין: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- גנים: NOUN,prop,m,pl,abs
- ועין: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- חדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- פצץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:20-21 (structural): Immediate context: the verse is part of the contiguous list of towns in this allotment (the same catalogue of place-names).
- Joshua 19:40-48 (structural): Another catalogue of towns in the same chapter (different tribal allotment); parallels in form and purpose—enumeration of place‑names defining tribal territories.
- Joshua 15:20-32 (thematic): A neighbouring chapter that likewise provides a detailed list of towns (the cities of Judah); thematically parallels Joshua's practice of enumerating allotment towns to define territorial boundaries.
- Joshua 21:21-26 (structural): List of towns given to the Levites; parallels the genre of city‑lists and the administrative function of naming towns within tribal allotments.
- Judges 1:11-15 (thematic): Early Judges narrative recounts towns captured or retained by tribes—parallels the allotment lists by naming specific settlements in the conquest/settlement tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez.
- Remeth, En‑gannim, En‑haddah, and Beth‑pazzez.
Jos.19.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופגע: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בתבור: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושחצימה: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- תצאות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- גבולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- וחצריהן: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,pl
Parallels
- Josh.19:21 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same allotment list — contiguous town-names and the formulaic phrase about borders and their villages.
- Josh.19:23 (verbal): Continues the same chapter’s catalogue of towns and borders; repeats the structural pattern of listing towns, borders, and villages.
- Judg.4:6 (thematic): Mentions Mount Tabor (Tabor) as a significant geographic landmark and military rallying-point, echoing the geographic importance of Tabor in tribal-territory lists.
- 1 Sam.6:13-15 (allusion): Beth-shemesh appears later as a notable settlement (receiving the Ark), showing continuity of the place-name and its settlement-status referred to in Joshua 19:22.
- Num.34:11 (structural): Part of the legislative/territorial tradition that defines land boundaries using the Jordan and named towns — parallels Joshua’s use of the Jordan as a boundary-marker in allotment descriptions.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the border touched Tabor, Shahazimah, and Beth‑shemesh, and their boundary reached to the Jordan—sixteen cities and their villages.
- And the border touched Tabor, Shahazimah, and Beth‑shemesh; and the outgoings of their border were to the Jordan—sixteen cities and their villages.
Jos.19.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- נחלת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- וחצריהן: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10 (verbal): Uses the same allotment formula for another tribe: 'to the families, the cities and their villages,' paralleling the phrasing of territorial assignment.
- Joshua 19:24 (verbal): Another instance in the same chapter where the land is assigned 'to the families' with the identical wording 'the cities and their villages,' showing a recurring legal-formula for tribal inheritances.
- Joshua 19:51 (structural): Chapter-closing summary that collects the individual tribal allotments — structurally parallel as it frames the allotment statements like Josh 19:23 within the book's distribution narrative.
- Numbers 26:23–25 (thematic): Lists the sons/families of Issachar; provides the genealogical background for the tribal divisions referenced in Joshua 19:23 and explains the familial basis for the allotment.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar by their families: the cities and their villages.
- This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar by their families: these cities and their villages.
And the fourth lot came up for the sons of Issachar by their families. And their border went up to Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,
and Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,
and Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,
and Remeth, and En‑gannim, and En‑haddah, and Beth‑pazzez. And the border touched Tabor, Shahazimah, and Beth‑shemesh, and the outgoings of their border were to the Jordan—sixteen cities with their villages.
This is the inheritance of the sons of Issachar by their families: these cities and their villages.