Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses
1 Chronicles 24:1-19
1 C.24.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחלקותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נדב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואביהוא: CONJ+NOUN,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואיתמר: CONJ+NOUN,NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:23 (verbal): Lists the sons of Aaron (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar), matching the names given in 1 Chron 24:1.
- Numbers 3:2 (verbal): Another formal listing of Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar), paralleling the genealogical note in 1 Chron 24:1.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (quotation): Narrates the death of Nadab and Abihu for offering unauthorized fire—explains why only Eleazar and Ithamar remained to minister, as stated in 1 Chron 24:1.
- Numbers 18:1-7 (structural): God's assignment of priestly duties to Aaron's surviving sons (noting Eleazar and Ithamar's roles) and the transfer of ministerial responsibility after the deaths of Nadab and Abihu.
- 1 Chronicles 6:3 (verbal): Internal parallel within Chronicles that lists Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar), reinforcing the genealogical information found in 1 Chron 24:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to the sons of Aaron, their divisions: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
- And to the sons of Aaron, their divisions: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
1 C.24.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נדב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואביהוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- אביהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ובנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויכהנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואיתמר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 10:1-2 (allusion): Narrates the death of Nadab and Abihu for offering unauthorized fire before the LORD—the underlying event to which Chronicles briefly refers.
- Leviticus 10:6-7 (thematic): Aaron is instructed concerning the deaths and told that Eleazar and Ithamar are to continue ministering—parallels Chronicles' note that Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests.
- Numbers 3:4 (verbal): States that Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, had no sons, and that Eleazar and Ithamar remained as heads of their father's house—closely parallels the wording and point in 1 Chronicles 24:2.
- Exodus 6:23 (structural): Lists Aaron's sons as Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, providing the genealogical background for the statement in Chronicles about the premature death of the first two and the service of the latter two.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and they had no sons; therefore Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests.
- Nadab and Abihu died before their father and had no sons; therefore Eleazar and Ithamar carried on the priesthood.
1 C.24.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחלקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדוק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחימלך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- איתמר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפקדתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- בעבדתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-6 (structural): Immediate parallel account of the same event: David with Zadok and Ahimelech dividing the priestly families of Eleazar and Ithamar into courses by lot for the service.
- 1 Chronicles 24:31 (structural): Continues the same chapter's organization of the priestly courses, specifying the duties and oversight of the priests assigned from Eleazar and Ithamar.
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (thematic): Lists priestly families and their officials at the time of the restoration, reflecting the ongoing organization and continuity of priestly courses descended from Eleazar and Ithamar.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Registers priests and their family-heads among those who returned from exile, showing continued identification of priestly lines (descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar) that undergird the courses established earlier.
Alternative generated candidates
- David divided them and so did Zadok from the sons of Eleazar and Ahimelech from the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices and their service.
- And David apportioned them; Zadok from the sons of Eleazar and Ahimelech from the sons of Ithamar distributed them for their oversight in their service.
1 C.24.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לראשי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,m,sg
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- איתמר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויחלקום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לבני: PREP
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ששה: NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- איתמר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- שמונה: NUM,card,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-6 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: the narrative of David and the priests dividing the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar into priestly heads/courses (gives the same allocation of sixteen and eight).
- Numbers 3:2 (verbal): Lists Aaron’s sons—Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar—establishing the familial identities (Eleazar and Ithamar) whose descendants are being apportioned in 1 Chr 24:4.
- Exodus 6:23 (verbal): Identifies Eleazar and Ithamar as Aaron’s sons (born to Elisheba), providing background for the priestly lineage referenced in the division.
- Numbers 18:1-7 (thematic): Describes the assignment of priestly duties to Aaron and his sons and the distinct roles of Levites—background principle underlying the organization and division of priestly households into courses.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Eleazar were more numerous as heads of households than the sons of Ithamar; therefore they were apportioned—heads of the fathers' houses of the sons of Eleazar sixteen, and heads of the fathers' houses of the sons of Ithamar eight.
- The sons of Eleazar were found to be more numerous than the sons of Ithamar, and they made heads of the ancestral houses of the sons of Eleazar—sixteen heads of families—and of the sons of Ithamar, eight heads of families.
1 C.24.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחלקום: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- בגורלות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- עם: PREP
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- איתמר: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-6 (structural): Immediate context: the same episode where David and Zadok organize the priests into courses and cast lots; v.5 is part of this account (division between sons of Eleazar and Ithamar).
- 1 Chronicles 25:8 (thematic): The temple musicians are also organized into groups by lot—parallel method and administrative principle for arranging temple service into ordered courses.
- 1 Chronicles 26:13-19 (thematic): Gatekeepers (temple porters) are assigned to their responsibilities by lot, showing the same use of casting lots to allocate temple offices among Levitical families.
- Luke 1:5 (allusion): Zechariah is described as a priest 'of the division of Abijah'—an allusion to the priestly courses established by David in 1 Chr 24, demonstrating continuity of those divisions into the New Testament period.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Postexilic lists of returning priests and their families reflect the same priestly lines (descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar) and the continued significance of those divisions after the exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cast lots, one with another, for there were officials of the sanctuary and ministers of God among both the sons of Eleazar and the sons of Ithamar.
- They cast lots, one with another, because they were officers of the sanctuary and officers of God among the sons of Eleazar and among the sons of Ithamar.
1 C.24.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכתבם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתנאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסופר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וצדוק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואחימלך: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביתר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וראשי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,const
- האבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וללוים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- אחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לאלעזר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואחז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לאיתמר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-5 (structural): Immediate context: lists Aaron's sons, describes the casting of lots and the division of the priestly service between the lines of Eleazar and Ithamar—the procedural material continued in v.6.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (thematic): Earlier chapter that outlines David's organization of the Levites (assigning duties, overseers, and households), providing the broader administrative setting for the written record referenced in 24:6.
- Numbers 3:6-9 (thematic): Prescribes the consecration and assignment of the Levites to service under Aaron and his sons—background legal material for the Levitical and priestly divisions and duties recorded in 1 Chr 24:6.
- Exodus 6:23 (verbal): Gives the genealogy naming Eleazar and Ithamar as Aaron's sons; it undergirds the distinction between the two priestly lines whose lots are described in 1 Chr 24:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shimei son of Nethanel, the scribe among the Levites, wrote them down before the king and the princes, and before Zadok the priest and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites. One lot was for Eleazar and one lot for Ithamar.
- And Shemaiah son of Nethanel the scribe, of the Levites, wrote them down before the king and the officials, and before Zadok the priest and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites; one lot was assigned to Eleazar and one lot to Ithamar.
1 C.24.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ליהויריב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לידעיה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): Same chapter and context — the full list of Aaron’s descendants and the casting of lots to determine the twenty-four priestly divisions; verse 7 is one entry in this larger roster.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-23 (thematic): David’s organization of Levites into divisions and duties parallels the organizing principle used here for priests — formal assignment of sacred service by family groups.
- Acts 1:23-26 (thematic): The apostles cast lots to fill the vacancy among the Twelve (selecting Matthias); parallels the use of casting lots to designate persons for religious office in 1 Chronicles 24:7.
- Joshua 18:6-10 (thematic): The people cast lots to apportion tribal land allotments; thematically similar use of lots as a divinely sanctioned method for assigning communal/holy responsibilities.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (allusion): Lists of priestly families and their heads among the returnees mirror the genealogical/administrative concern of 1 Chronicles 24 — organization of priestly households and offices.
Alternative generated candidates
- The first lot fell to Jehoiarib; the second to Jedaiah.
- The first lot fell to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah.
1 C.24.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לחרם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לשערים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הרבעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-19 (structural): Gives the lists and duties of gatekeepers and their divisions—parallel organizational material assigning gate service (similar function to v.24:8).
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (structural): Earlier chapter listing families appointed as gatekeepers/porters of the house of the LORD, a comparable roster of gate service.
- Nehemiah 12:25-26 (thematic): Describes registration and organization of priests, Levites and porters for temple service—echoes the assignment of gates and duties in Chronicles.
- Acts 1:26 (thematic): The apostles use casting lots to determine an office (Matthias); parallels the use of lots in Chronicles to assign priestly/gate duties.
- Joshua 18:6-10 (thematic): Illustrates the Israelite practice of casting lots to allocate sacred/official responsibilities (territory here), analogous to casting lots for priestly/gate assignments.
Alternative generated candidates
- The third to Harim; the fourth to Seorim.
- The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim.
1 C.24.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למלכיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החמישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- למימן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הששי: NUM,ord,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): The whole chapter enumerates the 24 priestly courses; verse 9 is one entry in that systematic list (naming Malchijah the fifth, Mijamin the sixth).
- 1 Chronicles 6:4-15 (verbal): Genealogy of Aaron’s descendants (Eleazar and Ithamar and their sons) — the origin of the priestly families from which the courses listed in 1 Chr 24 are drawn.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (thematic): Earlier organization of Levites and assignment to temple service; parallels the administrative ordering and distribution of priestly duties found in ch. 24.
- Nehemiah 12:1-26 (thematic): Lists of priests and heads of priestly families who served in the restored temple — a postexilic counterpart to Chronicles’ enumeration of priestly courses and heads.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fifth to Malchijah; the sixth to Mijamin.
- The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin.
1 C.24.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- להקוץ: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf
- השבעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לאביה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:7-18 (structural): The immediate context: the full list of the 24 priestly courses; verse 10 is one entry in this systematic allocation of the priestly families.
- Exodus 6:23 (verbal): Names Aaron’s sons (Eleazar and Ithamar) whose descendants form the priestly lines from which the courses in 1 Chron 24 are drawn.
- 1 Chronicles 6:49-53 (allusion): Genealogical listing of the Levitical/priestly households that provides the ancestral background for the divisions named in 1 Chron 24.
- Nehemiah 12:1-11 (verbal): Post‑exilic listing of priestly heads (e.g., Jehoiarib, Jedaiah, etc.) that corresponds to and preserves many of the same course names found in 1 Chron 24.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10 (thematic): Describes the priests and Levites resident in Jerusalem and their ministerial roles, reflecting the same organization of priestly service embodied by the courses in 1 Chron 24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The seventh to Hakkoz; the eighth to Abijah.
- The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah.
1 C.24.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לישוע: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- התשעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לשכניהו: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- העשרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chr 24:10 (structural): The immediately preceding entry in the same catalogue of priestly courses (part of the sequential listing of the twenty-four divisions).
- 1 Chr 24:12 (structural): The immediately following entry in the same list (continues the ordered assignment of priestly courses after Shecaniah).
- 1 Chr 6:4-15 (thematic): Genealogical account of Aaron and his sons—provides the ancestral background for the priestly families placed into these numbered courses.
- 1 Chr 23:24-32 (thematic): David’s organization of Levites into divisions and duties—parallels the administrative arrangement of priestly/service groups exemplified by the numbered courses in ch. 24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The ninth to Jeshua; the tenth to Shecaniah.
- The ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah.
1 C.24.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לאלישיב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- ליקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): Immediate context — the full listing of the twenty-four priestly courses; v.12 is one entry in this systematic division of Aaron’s descendants.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (thematic): David’s earlier organization of the Levites and assignment of temple duties provides the background and purpose for the priestly courses enumerated in 1 Chronicles 24.
- Luke 1:5 (allusion): States that Zechariah was of the priestly division of Abijah (one of the courses established by David), showing the continued significance of the divisions listed in Chronicles.
- Luke 1:8-9 (thematic): Describes priests casting lots to determine who would serve in the temple — illustrates how the priestly courses (as in 1 Chr 24) were used in practice to allocate temple service.
Alternative generated candidates
- The eleventh to Eliashib; the twelfth to Jakim.
- The eleventh to Elishib, the twelfth to Jakim.
1 C.24.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לחפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- לישבאב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (structural): David’s earlier organization of the Levites and assignment of duties provides the broader administrative context for the priestly courses enumerated in 1 Chronicles 24.
- 1 Chronicles 25:1-7 (structural): Like chapter 24’s division of priestly courses, chapter 25 records the formal division of Levite musicians into courses—parallel method of organizing temple personnel.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Lists priests and priestly families who returned from exile; parallels the Chronicles’ concern to record priestly families and courses across generations.
- Nehemiah 7:39-43 (verbal): A parallel recension of the Ezra return-list of priests and Levites, showing the same priestly family names and continuity of priestly groups after the exile.
- Luke 1:5 (allusion): Refers to Zechariah as a priest 'of the division of Abijah'—a New Testament attestation to the ongoing significance of David’s priestly courses established in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- The thirteenth to Huppah; the fourteenth to Jeshebeab.
- The thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab.
1 C.24.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לבלגה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- ששה: NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter lists the 24 priestly courses; verse 14 is one entry in that list (naming Bilgah/the fifteenth/sixteenth course), so the whole passage is the direct structural parallel.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10 (verbal): Reiterates priestly family names and household assignments in Jerusalem; overlaps several of the same course names found in 1 Chr 24, showing continuity of priestly divisions.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Lists priestly families and returning priestly exiles whose names correspond to the courses established in Chronicles, reflecting the same organizational reality after the exile.
- Luke 1:5 (allusion): Zechariah is identified as belonging to the priestly division of Abijah (Abia), one of the divisions enumerated in 1 Chr 24, demonstrating New Testament awareness of these courses.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fifteenth to Bilgah; the sixteenth to Immer.
- The fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer.
1 C.24.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לחזיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- להפצץ: VERB,hiph,inf
- שמונה: NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Numbers 3:2-4 (verbal): Lists Aaron and his sons (the priestly genealogy) — the foundational genealogy to which 1 Chronicles 24’s lists of priestly courses allude and depend.
- Numbers 18:3-7 (thematic): Describes the duties and charge of Aaron and his sons as priests and the Levites’ role — provides the institutional background for dividing priests into courses as in 1 Chronicles 24.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (structural): Sets up the organization of Levites and temple service preceding the detailed division of priestly courses in chapter 24 — shows the administrative context for the lists.
- 1 Chronicles 25:1-8 (structural): Records the division of temple musicians into courses, modeled on the priestly courses of chapter 24; parallels the organizational principle of assigning service by lot and family.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Lists priestly families among the exiles who returned from Babylon — echoes the continuity and identification of priestly lines that 1 Chronicles preserves in its record of courses.
Alternative generated candidates
- The seventeenth to Hezir; the eighteenth to Hapizzez.
- The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Happizzez.
1 C.24.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לפתחיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- ליחזקאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העשרים: NUM,card,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (structural): The immediate context — the full list of the 24 priestly courses established by David; verse 16 is one entry in this roster.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (structural): Earlier chapter describing David’s organization of Levites and priests into households and duties, providing the background for the division of priestly courses in ch. 24.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10-14 (verbal): Post-exilic roster of priests and Levites in Jerusalem that echoes priestly family names and continuity with the pre-exilic courses.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (allusion): List of priests who returned from Babylon; several family names correspond to priestly lines associated with the temple service and the courses.
- Nehemiah 7:39-41 (verbal): Parallel census-list to Ezra 2 including priestly families — reinforces continuity of priestly genealogies and divisions reflected in 1 Chron 24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The nineteenth to Pethahiah; the twentieth to Jehezkel.
- The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezkel.
1 C.24.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ליכין: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- לגמול: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1 (structural): Introduces David's arrangement of the priests into twenty-four courses by lot—provides the immediate context for the specific numbered courses listed in 24:17.
- 1 Chronicles 24:19 (structural): Summarizes the allocation and order of the priestly courses for service, tying together the individual names and numbers (like those in 24:17) into the full rota.
- Luke 1:5 (allusion): Mentions Zechariah as a priest 'of the division of Abijah'—an explicit New Testament reference to one of the twenty-four courses established in David's arrangement (1 Chr 24).
- Luke 1:8-9 (thematic): Describes priests casting lots for the duty of burning incense—echoes the practice of using lots to determine priestly service rotations as set out in 1 Chronicles 24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The twenty-first to Jachin; the twenty-second to Gamul.
- The twenty‑first to Jachin, the twenty‑second to Gamul.
1 C.24.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לדליהו: PREP+PN,m,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- למעזיהו: PREP+PN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (verbal): Immediate context: the chapter contains the full catalogue of the 24 priestly courses; v.18 is one entry in this verbal list of names and allotments.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-32 (structural): David's earlier organization of Levites and priests into duties and divisions provides the structural and administrative background for the detailed listing of priestly courses in ch. 24.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Postexilic register of priests and priestly families who returned from Babylon; thematically parallels the concern with priestly genealogy and continuity of courses/families found in 1 Chr. 24.
- Nehemiah 12:1-8 (thematic): Lists priests and heads of priestly families in the restored community; parallels 1 Chr. 24 in recording priestly names and the administration of temple service after disruptions to Israel's institutions.
Alternative generated candidates
- The twenty-third to Delaiah; the twenty-fourth to Maaziah.
- The twenty‑third to Delaiah, the twenty‑fourth to Maaziah.
1 C.24.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- פקדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לעבדתם: PREP+VERB,qal,inf,2,m,pl
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כמשפטם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ:3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:6-10 (verbal): Describes God’s command that the Levites be given to Aaron to do the service of the tabernacle—parallels ‘serve in the house of the LORD…by the hand of Aaron.’
- Numbers 8:24-26 (thematic): Specifies the Levites’ appointed service before Aaron and the ages/duties for ministering—connects to the established ordinance for temple service in 1 Chr 24:19.
- Exodus 28:41 (verbal): Commands that Aaron and his sons be anointed and consecrated to minister in the priest’s office—language and function closely parallel the charge given ‘as the LORD commanded’ in 1 Chr 24:19.
- 1 Chronicles 23:28-32 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles detailing the divisions, duties, and assignments of the Levites—provides the broader organizational context for the service described in 1 Chr 24:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- These were their divisions for their service to enter the house of the LORD, as was ordained for them by the hand of their father Aaron, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him.
- These were their divisions for their service, to enter into the house of the LORD according to their appointed ranks under Aaron their father, as the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded him.
And to the sons of Aaron their divisions: the sons of Aaron — Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
Nadab and Abihu died before their father; they had no sons, and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered as priests.
David and Zadok, of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech, of the sons of Ithamar, apportioned them according to their duties in their service.
The sons of Eleazar proved more numerous than the heads of the men among the sons of Ithamar, so they divided them: of the sons of Eleazar — sixteen heads of ancestral houses; of the sons of Ithamar — eight heads of ancestral houses.
They cast lots, one with another, for these were officers of the sanctuary and ministers of God, both of the sons of Eleazar and of the sons of Ithamar.
Shemayah son of Nethanel the scribe, of the Levites, wrote them down before the king, the officials, Zadok the priest and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, and the heads of the ancestral houses of the priests and the Levites. One lot fell to Eleazar and one lot fell to Ithamar.
The first lot came out to Jehoiarib; the second to Jedaiah.
The third to Harim; the fourth to Seorim.
The fifth to Malchijah; the sixth to Mijamin.
The seventh to Hakkoz; the eighth to Abijah.
The ninth to Jeshua; the tenth to Shecaniah.
The eleventh to Eliashib; the twelfth to Jakim.
The thirteenth to Huppah; the fourteenth to Jeshebeab.
The fifteenth to Bilgah; the sixteenth to Immer.
The seventeenth to Hezir; the eighteenth to Happizzez.
The nineteenth to Pethahiah; the twentieth to Jehezkel.
The twenty-first to Jachin; the twenty-second to Gamul.
The twenty-third to Delaiah; the twenty-fourth to Maaziah.
These were their appointed duties for their service when they came into the house of the LORD, according to their ordinance by the hand of Aaron their father, as the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded him.