The Holy Spirit's Work
John 16:5-16
John.16.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- νυν: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- υπαγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πεμψαντα: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,acc,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- και: CONJ
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εξ: PREP
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ερωτα: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- με·Που: ADV
- υπαγεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 16:28 (verbal): Same theme and language of Jesus' departure: 'I came from the Father... I am going to the Father,' an explicit reiteration of Jesus' return to the Father.
- John 14:5 (quotation): Thomas asks, 'Lord, we do not know where you are going,' directly paralleling the disciples' lack of asking in 16:5 and echoing the question 'Where are you going?'
- John 13:33 (thematic): Jesus tells the disciples 'A little while and you will seek me,' thematically linked to his imminent departure and the disciples' failure to ask about his destination.
- John 20:17 (verbal): Jesus explicitly tells Mary Magdalene 'I am ascending to my Father and your Father,' reiterating the same movement toward the Father described in 16:5.
- Acts 1:9-11 (structural): The narrative of Jesus' ascension provides the climactic fulfillment of 'I am going to the one who sent me,' linking Jesus' departure in John to the post-resurrection ascension event.
Alternative generated candidates
- But now I am going to him who sent me, and none of you asks me, 'Where are you going?'
- But now I go to him who sent me, and none of you asks me, 'Where are you going?'
John.16.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽οτι: CONJ
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- λελαληκα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- λυπη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- πεπληρωκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- καρδιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- John 16:20 (structural): Immediate context: continues the same unit — predicts that their present sorrow will turn into joy when they see Jesus again, directly following 16:6's claim that his words have filled them with sorrow.
- John 16:22 (thematic): Develops the contrast begun in 16:6: the present 'sorrow' of the disciples is contrasted with the future and enduring 'joy' they will have, showing the intended pastoral outcome of the painful disclosure.
- John 13:21 (verbal): Uses similar phrasing ('having said these things') and depicts an emotional disturbance arising from Jesus' words (the scene of betrayal), paralleling the causal link between Jesus' speech and an emotional reaction in 16:6.
- John 6:60-66 (thematic): Many disciples are grieved, grumble, and ultimately leave because of Jesus' hard teaching — a parallel example of Jesus' words producing sorrow, offense, or separation among hearers.
- Acts 2:37 (thematic): Peter's proclamation ‘cut to the heart’ the listeners, producing a strong emotional response to spoken proclamation—similar to 16:6's depiction of Jesus' words filling the disciples' hearts with sorrow.
Alternative generated candidates
- Rather, because I have spoken these things to you, sorrow has filled your hearts.
- But because I have told you these things, your hearts are full of sorrow.
John.16.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽εγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αληθειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- συμφερει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ινα: CONJ
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- απελθω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg
- εαν: CONJ
- γαρ: PART
- μη: PART
- απελθω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- παρακλητος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- ελθη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- υμας·εαν: PRON,acc,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- πορευθω: VERB,aor,mid,subj,1,sg
- πεμψω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
Parallels
- John 14:16-17 (verbal): Jesus promises another Paraclete/Advocate who will be with the disciples (the Spirit of truth), using language and purpose closely parallel to 16:7's declaration that he will send the Advocate if he goes.
- John 15:26 (verbal): A near-verbatim parallel: Jesus speaks of the coming Advocate whom he will send from the Father, linking the Advocate's arrival directly to Jesus' sending—same causal connection as 16:7.
- John 14:26 (thematic): Describes the Paraclete's functions (teaching and reminding), thematically connected to 16:7's promise of the Advocate's coming and ongoing role among believers.
- John 16:13 (thematic): Continues the same discourse about the Spirit's work (guiding into all truth), showing the purpose and consequence of the Advocate's coming promised in 16:7.
- Acts 2:1-4 (structural): The Pentecost narrative depicts the fulfillment of Jesus' promise: the Spirit's arrival on the gathered disciples after Jesus' departure, realizing the promise in 16:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Advocate will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.
- Yet I tell you the truth: It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Advocate will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.
John.16.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ελθων: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ελεγξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- κοσμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- περι: PREP
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- περι: PREP
- δικαιοσυνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- περι: PREP
- κρισεως·: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- John 16:9 (verbal): Immediately expounds the first element (sin): the Spirit will convict the world 'because they do not believe in me,' directly explaining the nature of the conviction.
- John 16:11 (verbal): Continues the triad by specifying the Spirit's work regarding 'judgment'—that the ruler of this world is judged—linking directly to John 16:8's mention of judgment.
- John 14:16-17 (thematic): Promised coming of the Helper/Spirit who will remain with and in the disciples; sets the role of the Spirit that John 16:8 assigns (convicting the world).
- Acts 2:37 (thematic): Peter's hearers are 'cut to the heart' and ask what to do after hearing the Spirit-empowered proclamation—an example of the Spirit's convicting work leading to repentance.
- John 3:18-19 (thematic): Speaks of judgment tied to unbelief and refusal to believe in Jesus, paralleling John 16:8's linking of conviction with sin and judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when he comes he will convict the world concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment:
- And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment:
John.16.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- περι: PREP
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- μεν: PART
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- πιστευουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- εμε·: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 16:8 (structural): Immediate context: the Spirit will convict the world 'concerning sin'—verse 9 specifies that sin is defined as not believing in Jesus, completing the Spirit's indictment.
- John 3:18 (verbal): Parallel language about unbelief and judgment: 'Whoever does not believe is condemned,' linking unbelief in Jesus to the condition of sin and its consequence.
- John 8:24 (thematic): Jesus warns that unless people believe that 'I am' they will die in their sins—connects unbelief directly with being 'in' sin, as in John 16:9.
- John 3:36 (thematic): Contrasts life and judgment based on belief: 'Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son will not see life,' echoing John 16:9's linking of sin to unbelief.
Alternative generated candidates
- concerning sin, because they do not believe in me;
- concerning sin, because they do not believe in me;
John.16.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- περι: PREP
- δικαιοσυνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- οτι: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- υπαγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκετι: ADV
- θεωρειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- με·: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 14:28 (verbal): Same declaration 'I am going to the Father' — repeats the reason for Jesus' departure and its relation to the Father.
- John 13:33 (verbal): Jesus tells the disciples they cannot follow him now and will not see him, paralleling the statement that they will no longer see him after he goes to the Father.
- John 16:7 (thematic): Immediate Johannine context: Jesus says it is to the disciples' advantage that he go away so the Advocate (Spirit) may come — connects the departure with vindication/righteousness.
- John 7:33-34 (verbal): Jesus again speaks of going away to the One who sent him and predicts the disciples will seek him and not find him — similar language about his imminent absence.
- Acts 1:9-11 (thematic): Narrates Jesus' ascension into heaven (going to the Father) and his removal from the disciples' sight, thematically echoing 'you will no longer see me.'
Alternative generated candidates
- concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father and you see me no longer;
- concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father and you will see me no more;
John.16.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- περι: PREP
- δε: CONJ
- κρισεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρχων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τουτου: DEM,gen,sg,m
- κεκριται: VERB,perf,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 12:31 (verbal): Uses the same phrase ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου and links Jesus’ work (judgment/expulsion) to the defeat of the world’s ruler, closely paralleling John 16:11.
- Colossians 2:15 (thematic): Paul portrays Christ’s death and resurrection as a triumph over rulers and authorities—disarming them and making a public spectacle—echoing the judgment/defeat of the ruler of this world.
- Hebrews 2:14 (thematic): States that Christ shared flesh and blood to destroy the one who has the power of death (the devil), explaining how the ruler of this world is overcome—parallel theological point to John 16:11.
- 1 John 3:8 (thematic): Declares the Son of God appeared to destroy the works of the devil, reflecting the same theme that the ruler of the world is judged/defeated.
- Luke 10:18 (allusion): Jesus’ remark 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven' depicts the collapse/fall of Satan and so alludes to the judgment of the ruler of this world described in John 16:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged.
- concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged.
John.16.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ετι: ADV
- πολλα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- εχω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- λεγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αλλ᾽ου: CONJ
- δυνασθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
- βασταζειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αρτι·: ADV
Parallels
- John 16:13 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same discourse: after saying they cannot bear further teaching now, Jesus explains that the Spirit will come to guide them into all truth, providing the future instruction implied in 16:12.
- John 14:25-26 (thematic): Jesus promises the Father will send the Helper who will teach and remind the disciples of his words—a parallel promise that future teaching will come when they are ready.
- Matthew 13:11 (thematic): Jesus tells the disciples that the secrets of the kingdom have been given to them but not to others; thematically similar in distinguishing present limited understanding from privileged revelation given to the disciples later.
- 1 Corinthians 2:10-12 (thematic): Paul explains that God reveals deep things by the Spirit so believers can understand them—parallels the Johannine theme that fuller truth will be disclosed to the disciples (and made known by the Spirit) rather than now.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have yet many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now.
- I have yet many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now.
John.16.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ελθη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αληθειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οδηγησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- αληθεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- παση: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- γαρ: PART
- λαλησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αφ᾽εαυτου: PREP
- αλλ᾽οσα: CONJ+PRON,acc,pl,n
- ακουσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- λαλησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ερχομενα: PART,pres,mid,acc,pl,n
- αναγγελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
Parallels
- John 14:26 (verbal): Same promise of the Spirit (Paraclete) who will teach/bring to remembrance Jesus' words; both speak of the Spirit's role in instructing the disciples in truth.
- John 15:26 (verbal): Identifies the coming Helper as 'the Spirit of truth' sent from the Father—closely parallels the title and mission language of 16:13.
- Luke 12:11-12 (thematic): Jesus promises the Spirit will give disciples words when they are brought before authorities—illustrates the Spirit supplying revelation/utterance rather than human initiative.
- 1 Corinthians 2:10-13 (verbal): Speaks of the Spirit revealing God's truths and of speaking words taught by the Spirit rather than human wisdom—echoes 16:13's emphasis on Spirit-originated revelation and speech.
- 1 John 2:27 (thematic): The 'anointing' (Spirit) teaches believers about all things and abides in them, paralleling the idea that the Spirit guides believers into all truth.
Alternative generated candidates
- But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak from himself, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are coming.
- When he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are coming.
John.16.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
- δοξασει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- λημψεται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- αναγγελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
Parallels
- John 14:26 (thematic): The Spirit’s role is to teach and remind the disciples of Jesus’ words — parallel function to 'taking from me and declaring it to you.'
- John 15:26 (verbal): 'When the Advocate comes... he will testify about me' closely parallels 'he will glorify me' and emphasizes the Spirit’s witness concerning Jesus.
- John 16:13 (verbal): Same discourse: the Spirit 'will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears,' which parallels 'he will take from me and declare it to you.'
- Acts 2:32-33 (thematic): Peter links the outpouring of the Spirit with the exaltation and testimony concerning Jesus — the Spirit’s work results in declaring and glorifying Christ.
- Matthew 10:20 (allusion): Jesus tells his disciples 'it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you,' echoing the theme that the Spirit speaks God’s truth through human agents.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
- He will glorify me, for he will take from what is mine and will disclose it to you.
John.16.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- οσα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εμα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- εστιν·δια: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- λαμβανει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- αναγγελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
Parallels
- John 16:14 (verbal): Almost identical wording: the Spirit 'will take what is mine and declare it to you,' linking the Spirit's role to Jesus' possession and disclosure.
- John 14:26 (thematic): The Holy Spirit, sent by the Father in Jesus' name, will teach and remind the disciples of Jesus' words—paralleling the Spirit's role in receiving and communicating Jesus' revelation.
- John 15:15 (verbal): Jesus tells the disciples he has made known to them 'everything I heard from my Father,' echoing the chain of revelation from Father to Son to disciples implied in 16:15.
- Matthew 11:27 (verbal): Jesus declares 'all things have been handed over to me by my Father,' a close verbal and theological parallel affirming the Father's possession given to the Son.
- Luke 10:22 (verbal): Affirms that 'all things have been handed over to me by my Father' and highlights the unique Father–Son knowledge dynamic, resonating with 16:15's claim of shared possession and disclosure.
Alternative generated candidates
- All that the Father has is mine; therefore I said that he takes what is mine and will declare it to you.
- All that the Father has is mine. For this reason I said that he will take from what is mine and will make it known to you.
John.16.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Μικρον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ουκετι: ADV
- θεωρειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- και: CONJ
- παλιν: ADV
- μικρον: ADV
- και: CONJ
- οψεσθε: VERB,fut,mid,ind,2,pl
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 14:19 (verbal): Uses the same 'a little while' contrast and promise that though the world will not see Jesus, the disciples will — close verbal and thematic parallel within Johannine farewell discourse.
- John 16:22 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same unit: promises that sorrow will turn to joy and explicitly states 'I will see you again,' developing the meaning of John 16:16.
- John 20:19 (thematic): Narrative fulfillment: Jesus appears to the disciples after his resurrection, demonstrating the 'again... you will see me' promised in 16:16.
- Mark 14:28 (allusion): Jesus predicts that after his rising he will go before the disciples into Galilee — an independent Synoptic anticipation of a post-resurrection meeting corresponding to 'you will see me again.'
Alternative generated candidates
- A little while, and you will not see me; again, a little while, and you will see me, because I am going to the Father.
- A little while, and you will see me no more; and again a little while, and you will see me—because I go to the Father.
Now I am going away to the one who sent me; and none of you asks me, 'Where are you going?'
Rather, because I have spoken these things to you, sorrow has filled your hearts. But I tell you the truth: it is for your good that I go away. For if I do not go away, the Counselor will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you. And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin, and concerning righteousness, and concerning judgment:
concerning sin, because they do not believe in me;
concerning righteousness, because I am going to the Father and you will see me no more;
concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged.
I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now.
When he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come.
He will glorify me; for he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
All that the Father has is mine; therefore I said that he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
A little while, and you will not see me; and again a little while, and you will see me, for I am going to the Father.